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Heating fireplaces made of brick. How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands? Requirements for laying brick fireplaces

A simple wood-burning fireplace can dramatically change the ambience of your home. And it is not at all necessary to hire craftsmen or buy ready-made expensive units for this.

Laying a fireplace out of brick with your own hands is within the power of every home owner who has a desire to equip his home. To do this you need to have patience and good diagram fireplace with insert.

What is the principle for choosing sizes and design?

All construction work according to the rules begins with projects. Everything needs to be calculated accurately. required sizes brick fireplace, power and aesthetic appearance depend on this. The most important thing is a guarantee of safe operation.

On a note. There are no ideally calculated ready-made dimensions for a fireplace, since houses are different, and manufacturing materials also differ in shape and quality. You can only roughly focus on the standard brick size.

Simple DIY fireplaces are now a very common occurrence. It is important to correctly determine the dimensions of the combustion chamber.

The calculation is performed as follows:

• The area of ​​the room is divided by 100. So, for example, the living room is 30 square meters. m, the firebox will be 30 cm.
• Now the depth. When laying the fireplace firebox, the proportions are maintained: the depth is 1.5-2.5 times less than the width. In this example, you can take a conditional proportion of 1:2. That is, the depth is 37.5 cm (one and a half bricks), and the width is 0.75 m (3 bricks).
• The height of the combustion part is one and a half times greater than the width. As a result, it turns out that a combustion chamber 3 bricks wide has a height of slightly more than one meter. In reality, it will be necessary to lay out 15 rows of masonry.
• The smoke channel in relation to the firebox area is 1:10-15. It can be made wider. However, the height of a straight section cannot be less than 3 meters and more than 4 meters. These parameters are maintained for good traction.

To imagine the design of a brick fireplace, it is better to stock up on a ready-made drawing so as not to make mistakes in the calculations. There are ready-made drawings of fireplaces, from which you can choose the appropriate option.

A fireplace will help not only as an independent source of heat in the off-season, but also as an addition to the main heating of the premises. When opportunities allow, there is experience in the construction of such structures, complex fireplaces with additional functions are chosen. This could be connecting a water circuit, heating water, hob. A classic brick fireplace is not very large in size, and even a beginner can handle its construction. House master. There are now a lot of types of fuel for a fireplace, but the cheapest is still ordinary firewood.

What are the types of ordering schemes?

There are a lot of design options; you can choose the one that suits the given room and purchase necessary materials and start building brick fireplaces yourself.

Saves space and looks stylish corner fireplace. Its advantages include good thermal characteristics and cost savings on building materials. Such a design requires much less of them than when constructing wall or island options. It is not large in size - 100x100cm. The material of the outer walls is 200 pieces of ceramic red brick, the firebox is 100 pieces of fireproof brick.

Simple brick fireplace for non experienced craftsmen will require very few building materials. However, such a structure is not only for beauty; it can heat an area of ​​35 square meters. meters. In terms of dimensions it is 65x115 cm, ceramic bricks you need to purchase 245-255 pieces. You should also prepare 90-100 pieces of fireclay, 2 bags of oven clay, 3-4 bags of sand, a small amount of cement. You need to purchase a slide valve and a metal corner.

An impressive DIY English brick fireplace can be installed in a spacious living room. To cope with the construction of this option, you need the skills of a mason, as well as careful adherence to the order scheme.

Materials that need to be purchased for an English fireplace:

• 300-320 pieces of red ceramic bricks;
• 130-150 pieces of fireclay;
• 2 bags of oven or fire-resistant masonry mixture;
• 4 bags of regular sand;
• 1 bag of cement;
• 3 meter narrow metal plates and corner;
• gate and cleaning door.

If you carefully study the cross-sectional image of the fireplace, you can understand the principle of its structure.

Let's start from the foundation

The main rule when building a fireplace: the foundation must be made reliable. This means that it is erected separately from the building, otherwise uneven shrinkage will lead to cracks in the fireplace walls. There will be a safety hazard, as the combustion chamber and chimney duct may be damaged.

When a structure is placed next to load-bearing wall, a sand layer is spilled between the foundations of the house and the fireplace. The upper level of the foundation is compared to the floor.

The digging into the ground is not made too deep. If the soil is mobile, you should make a sand and gravel layer at least 50 cm thick. It will play the role of a compensator during capillary rise groundwater. This is a kind of waterproofing of the base and fireplace walls.

M150 concrete is used for pouring. Reinforcement is required. The formwork will be strong if it is made of boards or plywood, fastened with self-tapping screws. According to the parameters, the foundation should be larger than the structure itself, at least 0.1 m on each side. The fireplace drawing usually indicates the required foundation parameters.

On a note. When the foundation is completely poured, you need to wait until the concrete “sets.” This happens within 6-7 days.

It is necessary to lay roofing felt on top of the concrete, which will prevent moisture from being “pulled” from the soil. After this, you can make markings and begin laying, strictly adhering to the diagram.

Preparing to lay a fireplace

Laying brick fireplaces is an interesting and easy task if you have the basic skills of a brick maker.

For fire safety and heat retention, the wall behind the fireplace must be covered with a metal sheet or a thick foil layer. If the structures are wooden, they must be treated with a fire-retardant mixture for interior work.

You also need to protect the floor in front of the fireplace from possible fire from ash. For this purpose, a fire-resistant coating is laid.

On a note. For speed and convenience, it is advisable to sort the defective bricks. They will go to the base.

Before each stage of work, the bricks are laid out dry, cut and sanded.

Red ceramic bricks are pre-placed in water on short term. Fire bricks are not wetted; this should not be done. Wipe off dirt from their surface with a slightly wet rag. This is required for the solution to dry evenly.

How to arrange bricks

The structure of a brick fireplace is clearly visible in the order diagram. You cannot deviate from it, as this can lead to a deterioration in the operational properties of the fireplace.

During operation, all seams should be carefully filled with mortar, otherwise the fireplace will begin to smoke, as the draft will be disrupted.

Stages of work:

1. The first two rows of an English fireplace are laid with red solid brick. The surface area is 1 m 140 cm by 1 m 270 cm. These two rows are made with bandaging, having previously checked the level of the foundation. If the unevenness is small, then the thickness of the seam can be easily adjusted. It is very important to make the initial step perfectly level; the slightest bevel will produce an error, increasing the slope with each new row.

   On a note. The foundation is laid using a cement-sand mixture in a ratio of 1:2, or 1:3.

2. The next rows according to the pattern are 3 and 4. The firebox bottom in the 4th row must be made from fire bricks using a fire-resistant mixture. Clay and sand are mixed in such a proportion that the mixture does not fly off the trowel when laying, and does not stick too much.
3. Next comes the laying of the walls. The internal ones are made with refractory bricks on a clay mixture, the external ones - with ceramic, using cement-sand mortar. If necessary, 10 to 20 percent of cement is added to the clay and sand.
4. For good heat transfer, the bricks of the rear corner of the combustion chamber are cut diagonally.
5. The final stage of laying the firebox is row 12. A steel angle and strip must be installed on top of the masonry. The rear wall of the combustion part in the 12th row is made with bonded masonry. The brick is cut at an angle so that the resulting dome emerges.
6. From rows 13 to 16, the fireplace arch and a special ledge are being formed, which prevents combustion products from returning to the room. Row 15 narrows the chimney channel, thereby increasing draft. The channel is then widened again and a cleaning door is built into it to remove soot. The chimney duct is lined with fireclay bricks inside and red ceramic bricks outside. The portal for a brick fireplace should not exceed the height of the depth of the hearth by more than twice.

   Important. When laying the chimney, you need to carefully rub the internal seams by hand and wipe off the mortar with a damp rag. If this is not done, soot will be attracted to the roughness in the future.

7. Rows 17-20 are the final stage of laying the fireplace. Then there is a pipe, up to about 26 rows high. The gap needs to be narrowed to one brick and blocked with a damper at the level of row 25.

After graduation construction work you need to wait 3-5 days without lighting the fireplace.

The first firebox should be gentle. It is necessary to achieve uniform heating of the entire surface of the fireplace and smooth gluing of the clay solution. In the future, this step will prevent the seams from becoming brittle and the service life of the structure will be extended.

After the first firebox is made, you can begin finishing. It is advisable to observe moderation, since the main decoration of such a hearth is fire. Therefore, a beautiful vase will be enough, or you can complement the fireplace with wrought iron accessories and a beautiful basket for firewood.

In order for the fire in a simple heating device to be at the desired height, 4 rows must be laid out from the floor to the hearth. The three lower levels are filled with crushed stone with sand or pebbles. On the fourth, L-shaped pins for the fireplace grate are laid.

For good draft and, accordingly, heating of the room, it is necessary to install a damper. When lighting a fire, it must be opened completely. When the wood is ignited, this device closes so that gas formation is at an optimal level. If you add middle rows, the fireplace will be taller. This type of device has a simple gas assembly overlap with direct gas outlet. It is not necessary to make shelves on the sides.

If necessary, the upper part of the fireplace, starting from row 30, can be completed differently by making a horizontal flue that will serve as a spark arrester.

Necessary materials

To work you will need the following elements:

• red brick – 370 pieces (the exact quantity depends on the area of ​​the room);
• valve size 24x13 cm;
• reinforced concrete tiles for shelves and portals; this material can be replaced with a product made of marble or natural stone.

Download the order and drawing

Download the order simple fireplace available in PDF format at .

Option 2

There is another scheme for constructing an open hearth - with a heater, which increases the efficiency of the heating device.

This simple fireplace can heat a 28 m² room. IN winter time year, the unit retains heat for 8-10 hours at street temperatures down to -12 °C. Heat transfer can be increased by making the masonry higher. If the height is reduced too much, it may cause malfunction heating device and the entry of smoke into the room.

Download the project. 3D order

Questions and answers

Question: Will the unit function properly if a door is added to it? Or will it change the cravings a lot?
Answer: Everything needs to be tried. It is impossible to answer definitively.

IN: I wanted to build a fireplace according to the project. I invited several stove makers, who unanimously said that it would not work. Experts say that there is no slope in the back wall of the firebox, and therefore it will smoke. Since the device for burning fuel is not made of wood, the fireplace may crack. What should I do?
ABOUT: This heating device is based on the design of A.I. Ryazankin, a stove maker with almost 40 years of experience. I think his work can be trusted. The fireplace will smoke if the height of the fuel chamber is reduced, but the height of the structure itself can be increased if necessary.
Here we're talking about about the absence of a fireplace tooth. Make a horizontal channel to the left 3 levels high above row 27, place a door for cleaning it on the left side. Close the unit with three more levels, and move the valve to 32. This structure will act as a fireplace tooth with a pipe located on the left. If the channel needs to be placed on the right, make mirror laying from the 24th row and above.
From 2 to 11 levels inner part make the stoves from fireclay bricks. This will improve the reliability of the design.

IN: Tell me, is it possible to add an oven?
ABOUT: Probably yes, but we haven't tried.

IN: Will it be possible to build a water heating box (heat exchanger) into this fireplace, but so that this device is heated by flue gases? Is it possible in principle to do something like this?

ABOUT: In practice, such devices have never been found in fireplaces. There is a possibility that you may lose your cravings. We recommend purchasing heating device with a water circuit or order a device according to an individual project. If you are new to the stove business, we do not recommend taking on this work yourself.

IN: Is it possible to connect an additional back wall, which will pass through the aerated concrete structure into the corridor, and make another channel in it to remove smoke for the firebox in the winter?
ABOUT: The main heating of the room occurs due to the firebox. There are serious doubts that using the back wall will help warm up the adjacent room.

Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. Recently, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.

Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:

1. No smoke.
2. Heating the room.
3. Beautiful appearance.

To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.

Location

The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.

First you need to decide on the type of structure.

The fireplace stove can have the following design options:

• Wall-mounted.
• Angular.
• Built-in.
• Ostrovny.

Based on this, the home owner can choose a suitable location for the fireplace.

When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules fire safety, the fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.

Materials

Making fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:

• Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole.
• River sand. Be sure to sift and clear of dirt and debris. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm).
• Crushed stone for making a foundation. The acceptable fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm.
• Blue Cambrian clay or regular red.
• Cement (M 200 or M 300).
• Smoke damper.
• Fittings.

Brick and its varieties

Throughout the entire period of kiln construction, solid red brick, which is made from clay, is used.

This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.

The brick must have the following properties:

• Have the correct form;
• Contain no cracks or gouges.
• Have no deformations;

The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.

Material quality requirements

When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

1. The material must correspond to a grade of at least M200.
2. The required quantity of bricks must be purchased from one batch.
3. The appearance of the brick should not contain cracks or chips.

Preparation

This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Particular attention, of course, is paid to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.

You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.

The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.

Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.

The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.

Pouring the foundation

To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:

• roulette;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• hammer + nails;
• board;
• fittings;
• cement (grade M400).

The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards. It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.

The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a layer of concrete of 4 cm, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which the last layer is poured, the height of which should be about 6 cm.

To ensure that the finished foundation does not contain voids, the solution is plowed a little with a free rod.

After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.

Fireplace masonry

This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.

DIY fireplace

The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Several layers of waterproofing material are laid on top of the foundation base.
2. For the first row, cement is added to the mortar, and the bricks are laid on slats.
3. The third row has small nuances, namely the installation of two pins, which will be needed a little later for the fireplace grate.
4. In order to fold the fireplace-stove correctly, you must adhere to the diagram or drawing.
5. To comply temperature regime V future design, it is necessary to ensure that outer wall the brick fireplace was not in contact with the firebox.
6. To remove excess solution from the walls of the firebox, its surface is cleaned with a damp cloth.
7. To improve the quality of heating, it is necessary to maintain a slight angle of inclination of the rear wall forward. The side walls are designed to be turned outward.
8. To avoid the possibility of fire, it is necessary to take precautions and protect the floor in front of the fireplace with a sheet of iron.

Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.

The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. Portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:

• arched,
• wedge,
• vaulted.

To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.

By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.

Chimney

If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulating material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.

Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, special clamps are used as fastenings, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.

Finishing work

In addition to the fact that the fireplace-stove can be decorated with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.

Decoration for corner option The fireplace can be tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.

The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.

The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.

If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.

• For the firebox, you can use fireclay bricks, and for cladding, choose a material of a different quality.

• The chimney structure can be made not only of brick, but also of special modules in the form of a metal or ceramic pipe.

• To reduce errors when building fireplaces, it is recommended to use ready-made drawings rather than developing them yourself.

• When designing a fireplace, you can focus on built-in shelves or firewood racks, this will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.

From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.

Video: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands

For a beginner without experience in the stove business, laying out a brick fireplace with your own hands is a very difficult task. But three components - time, patience and great desire - will help you succeed and create a wonderful home, a source of comfort and warmth in the living room. We will provide all the theoretical information and tell you about the procedure for carrying out masonry work in the form of simple instructions.

General information and device

In fact, a traditional English fireplace is a stove of a simplified design, consisting of the following basic elements:

• open firebox large sizes in the form of a rectangular niche (portal), lined with solid ceramic bricks;
• the straight chimney shown in the diagram is equipped with a special protrusion - a chimney tooth and a tapering part - a smoke collector;
• the pre-furnace front platform plays a decorative role and at the same time protects the floors from sparks from the firebox;
• valve for adjusting draft.

Note. IN simple designs There are no grates or ash chamber; firewood is burned directly on a brick hearth.

In current conditions, fireplaces are built solely to create a unique atmosphere of comfort in private homes and cottages, and not for the purpose of organizing heating. The fact is that open hearths are extremely ineffective; even more complex models with two smoke circuits have an efficiency of no more than 20%, since the lion's share of the heat simply goes out into the street through the pipe.

Diagram of a complex fireplace with two smoke circuits

The room is heated by infrared radiation emitted by an open flame. As soon as it fades, heat transfer stops. Convective heating does not work here - the draft of the chimney, which has a large cross-section, literally sucks the heat out of the room along with the air flow. It is impossible to reduce the transverse size of the pipe - the fireplace will begin to smoke into the room. For the same reason, brick walls practically do not accumulate heat.

Advice on calculating the size of the hearth. When building fireplaces with your own hands, it is important to achieve a compromise between smoke in the room and too strong a draft, which helps remove heat along with the air. The flow area of ​​the chimney should be 1/9 of the area of ​​the open part of the firebox (portal). In turn, the dimensions of the front opening are taken in the ratio of 1/50 to the area of ​​the room, and its height is 1.5-2 times the depth of the firebox.

So that you can choose the correct dimensions of the fireplace without delving into calculations, we present a table with the dimensions of the main elements tied to the area of ​​the room.

Instructions for laying a fireplace

On various Internet resources and in technical literature, it is easy to find a variety of designs for home and outdoor fireplaces, accompanied by orders and photos. But all proposed designs are based on a traditional English fireplace, which we suggest that beginners install. As an example, let's look at relatively small model, shown in the drawing and designed for a room with an area of ​​20-25 m².

Note. If your room has different dimensions, then the dimensions in the drawing can be changed in accordance with the table, only more accurately adjusted to the length and thickness of the brick (taking into account 5 mm seams).

The step-by-step stages of work are as follows:

1. Preparation - choosing a location for the future hearth and purchasing building materials.
2. Construction of a reliable foundation - reinforced concrete or brick foundation.
3. Preparation of mortar and laying.
4. Test ignition and warming up.

By design, fireplaces are divided into wall-mounted, corner and built-in. We chose the first option because of its simplicity of execution - the building is erected next to the existing wall. Making a corner model without proper experience is much more difficult, and to embed the structure into a partition, the latter will have to be disassembled.

The optimal placement of the hearth is near the inner load-bearing wall or partitions, closer to the center of the room. At the same time, try not to complicate the passage unit chimney through the roof - make sure that it does not hit the ridge. On both sides of the fireplace you need to provide free space along the walls at least 1 m. Worst place for the hearth - near the outer fence or next to the doors.

Advice. It is not recommended to place fireplaces in very small rooms up to 12 m². Moreover, it is not allowed to build them in apartments multi-storey buildings. The way out is to install a gas or electric fireplace insert and make a lining of decorative brick and drywall, as shown in the diagram.

Necessary building materials

To assemble a fireplace yourself according to the drawing presented above, you need to prepare the following materials:

• ceramic solid brick – 300 pcs.;
• fireclay (fireproof) brick – 120 pcs.;
• chimney valve;
• dry mortar for fire-resistant masonry – 150 kg;
• ready-made clay-sand mixture for laying out ovens – 250 kg;
• metal equal angle corner 50 x 3 mm – 2.5 m;
• oven inspection door.

Red ceramic brick grade 150-200 is the main material used in the kiln business. Choose a solid stone standard sizes 250 x 120 x 65 mm without cracks, preferably with smooth sides. Low quality and used building materials cannot be used for laying fireplaces.

Fireclay bricks, used to form fireboxes for wood and coal stoves, are produced different sizes. A stone 250 x 124 x 65 mm of the ShA brand, laid on a special solution of refractory clay and mortar, will suit you.

Tip for saving material. Ordinary ceramic bricks can easily withstand temperatures of 700 °C, which corresponds to the heat generated by burning wood. Fireproof stones, whose price is significantly higher, are designed for a maximum temperature of 1690 °C. Hence the conclusion: if you do not plan to heat the fireplace every day, then feel free to make the combustion chamber from cheaper red brick.

Kiln masters know how to prepare masonry mortar from individual components - sand and clay (no cement is added!), intuitively selecting the exact proportions. Beginners have no choice but to build a fireplace using ready-made dry mixtures sold in stores. If you want to make the solution yourself, we strongly recommend that you first get your hands on simpler designs. For example, build an outdoor grill or barbecue, choosing the proportions experimentally to feel all the nuances of working with clay.

Setting up the foundation

Since the total mass of a brick fireplace exceeds 1 ton, it is impossible to do without a reliable foundation. It must be arranged separately from the foundation of the house, maintaining a minimum offset of 5 cm. If the fireplace is supposed to be built in a living room, then you will have to open the floor in an area that exceeds the dimensions of the future structure by 100 mm in each direction. For our example, the dimensions of the site will be 137 x 124 cm (according to the diagram given above, the dimensions of the building are 127 x 114 cm).

Construct a foundation for a fireplace according to the following step-by-step instructions:

1. Dig a pit and compact the bottom thoroughly. The depth is determined by the existing foundation of the house.
2. Place sand on the bottom and compact again. The final thickness of the pillow is 100 mm.
3. Fill the pit to ground level with rubble stone. During the backfilling process, fill all cavities with liquid cement or lime mortar mixed with clay.
4. Form a flat concrete platform on top and, after hardening, lay 2 layers of waterproofing made from ordinary roofing felt on it.

Note. Scraps of concrete, old brick, shell rock and other piece materials can be used as backfilling.

The second stage of laying the foundation can be done in two ways: pouring a reinforced concrete slab or laying a base of red brick. The first option, shown in the drawing, is more reliable and convenient for further construction, since a solid slab allows you to lay the wall anywhere on the site. It is implemented like this:

1. Make and install wooden formwork to the height of the finished floor of the building in such a way that foundation slab advocated for the dimensions of the future fireplace by 50 mm in all directions.
2. Tie a mesh of iron reinforcement with a diameter of 12-16 mm and place it at a height of 5 cm from the roofing material, using small wooden linings.
3. Prepare concrete grade 150 by mixing M400 cement, sand and crushed stone in proportions 1: 3: 5. Lay concrete mixture into the formwork and level the site according to the construction level.

After 7 days of concrete hardening, remove the formwork and treat the foundation walls bitumen mastic. Wait until the fireplace is completely dry before laying it out. reinforced concrete slab(another 3 weeks), after which cover it with 2 layers of roofing material and proceed to the laying itself. To avoid mistakes when laying the foundation, watch the video from the furnace master:

Fireplace rules

Post an ordinary wall and the body of the fireplace made of brick are two different things. So before you build a home, check out general rules its construction:

• when making refractory and clay mortar, strictly observe the ratio of dry mixture and water indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer;
• First lay out the stones of each row dry, adjust and file according to the order, and only then place them on the mortar;
• Before laying the red brick in place, soak it in water for 3-5 minutes until air bubbles stop appearing;
• observe a maximum joint thickness of 5 mm;
• do not connect sections of masonry made of ceramic and fireclay bricks;
• constantly check the vertical at different points with a plumb line and the horizontal with a building level;
• When installing metal corners, a row of stones resting on it must be laid without mortar.

Note. It is not recommended to soak refractory stones, but only rinse them with water to remove dust, because the material releases moisture for a long time and may burst after kindling.

While working, bricks can be tapped, but moving them in a horizontal plane is highly undesirable. Remove any bulging excess mortar with a trowel, and inside wipe the entire wall with a damp cloth to create smooth surface. Detailed description Watch the process in the next video:

Work order

First of all, the foundation slab is covered with a sheet of galvanized roofing iron, and on top - with basalt cardboard. However, according to experts, the latter is successfully replaced by felt impregnated with liquid clay. The required set of masonry tools is shown in the figure.

The first two rows of ceramic bricks form the base of the fireplace and the firebox area; the 3rd and 4th rows form the hearth part of the firebox. Please note: in the order, red and fireclay stones are indicated different colors. The fifth and subsequent rows (up to the 11th) form the walls of the combustion chamber and the outer contour of the portal.

After laying the 12th row of stones, install steel angles to support the front wall. The next levels form a smoke collector and a chimney tooth, as shown in the sequence diagram. On the 16th row, a cleaning door is built into the back wall.

The rows of bricks from the 17th to the 23rd form the body of the fireplace, and the remaining 3 levels form the chimney. On the 26th row, a valve is built into it.

Further laying of the chimney is carried out to the required height according to the same pattern, excluding the passage through the ceiling. Here it is necessary to lay out a special extension - cutting, whose task is to protect wooden structures from hot flue gases. According to fire safety rules flammable material ceilings must be protected brick wall 38 cm thick. All requirements for the chimney pipe, including its height, are reflected in the diagram:

In conclusion - trial lighting of the hearth

After the solution has dried, which will take 10-14 days, make the first kindling. It is important to follow one rule here: the entire masonry must be heated gradually so that cracks do not occur. Place a small armful of brushwood or wood chips on the bottom part, open the damper completely and set them on fire. Then add firewood in small portions over several hours, keeping an eye on the walls of the hearth and chimney. Record the appearance of cracks and then seal them with the same solution.

The finished fireplace can be decorated different ways– plaster, decorate with tiles or paint. Of course, provided that after complete heating it functions properly and the masonry has not developed large cracks. If you did everything according to the instructions and without haste, then commissioning will probably go without problems.

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Making a fireplace out of brick is quite difficult. To create a high-quality and productive structure, you will first need a well-designed order or project. They play no less role design features equipment and materials used for assembly.

A fireplace with your own hands can be placed in a private country cottage, and in country house. First of all, this heating variation is suitable for those rooms in which there is no other source of receiving and generating thermal energy. Such a stove can be installed in a house made of brick or wood. It is also possible to install in a building made of logs or gas silicate block. A properly designed fireplace design allows you to efficiently heat not only a small area, but also a fairly large one and even two-storey house. The efficiency of such a design can reach about 80-90 percent. This is considered a high and good indicator.

Selecting the dimensions of the structure

A fireplace, the masonry of which is carried out according to a pre-selected order on the Internet or drawn up by a professional stove maker, can have not only a certain placement method, but also a size. The choice of this parameter depends on certain parameters and features:

1. The size chosen for installation plays a big role. heating unit premises;
2. Pay attention to the way the fireplace is located in the living room interior;
3. Pay attention to the choice of equipment type;
4. Take into account what material the frame of the house, foundation, walls, floor, ceilings are made of;
5. What matters is what functionality the stove has.

Before you build a stove with your own hands, remember that the order should correctly reflect not only the amount of materials, the key features of the heating device, but also no less important details. For example, the overall dimensions of the firebox should be based on the proportion of 1/90 in relation to total area the selected room.

It is necessary to select the height and width of the combustion opening using the proportion 1.5/1. Also, the fireplace diagram is not complete without identifying the depth, which will be less than the width parameter on average by half. The chimney must also have a correctly selected cross-section. It can be determined by reducing the area of ​​the combustion hole by 14-21 times.

For example, if the area of ​​the room is 30 square meters, the following values ​​will be suitable for such a unit:

• The combustion hole will have a size of 0.30 square meters;
• The firebox will have a width of 45 centimeters;
• With a height of 65 centimeters;
• Depth 25 centimeters;
• The round cross-section of the chimney will be equal to 0.030 square meters or 300 square centimeters.

Choosing a location method

The arrangement of the fireplace plays a key role in the assembly and successful operation of the heating device. However, what is equally important is what type of location the stove will have in the interior.

Main placement methods:

1. Wall-mounted fireplaces are massive. To assemble such a structure you will need a fairly large amount of materials and cladding. This option is convenient to place, has a good viewing angle, and several people can sit near it at once. The advantages also include high efficiency and good, productive operation. The portal is symmetrical; the facade part is most often assembled in a U-shaped shape. The fireplace, for which both standard and refractory bricks are used, has a chimney in a wall location, which is covered with bricks up to ceiling;
2. If the room chosen for installation does not have a large area, we recommend installing a corner fireplace in it. This option with enough good angle The review is small in size. The arrangement of a corner type oven does not require a large amount of brick. In this case, only the facade part will need to be clad, since the role of the sidewalls is played directly by the walls or partitions of the room themselves. Despite its small size, the corner hearth has a fairly high power and is suitable for heating rooms with an area of ​​15-35 square meters;
3. The design of an island-type furnace is difficult to construct. To build such a structure will require a lot of time, large investments and experience. An island fireplace is installed in the center of the room and is not adjacent to walls or other ceilings. The portal can be equipped with small walls and a firewood rack. To remove smoke and combustion products from the room, the stove is supplemented with a suspended exhaust system or, in other words, a chimney. The base usually has a classic square or rectangular shape(profile). Structures of round, triangular, multifaceted shapes are more difficult to construct. Particularly popular are designs consisting of several levels. For additional functionality, you can equip the portal with a tabletop or mantelpiece.

The fireplace, the dimensions of which are selected individually, can be installed not only in the house, but also outside, in a gazebo. Such outdoor and garden barbecues and barbecues can be located either completely separately or built into gazebos and verandas. The advantages of such structures include the ability to make them quite large and bulky. This way you can add many different elements to the grill.

Street and garden stoves due to their large dimensions they have heavy weight and require the construction of a solid concrete foundation. This will prevent the structure from sinking underground or losing its stability over time.

A barbecue or barbecue project also requires individual approach, careful selection of placement and functionality. If you plan to combine an outdoor fireplace with a gazebo or veranda, you should not use only brick for construction, as it is very expensive. The materials most often chosen for gazebos are: plastic, metal profiles, wood, fire-resistant plastic. The stove itself, the columns, various partitions, small walls, area near the combustion chamber.

Equipment classification

Before you build a Swedish stove or any other structure, you need to remember that any heating equipment consists of a portal that acts as a protection for the firebox and its decorative design. Most often this element is assembled from brick. Can be lined with any heat-resistant materials. To place logs and burn them, the structure is equipped with a firebox or combustion compartment. To prevent smoke from immediately escaping into the street and creating heat, the stove is supplemented with a smoke collector. To remove smoke and combustion products, wood-burning stoves are equipped with a chimney.

An open firebox design means there is no door. In this case Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the internal walls of the combustion compartment, making them as thick, durable and airtight as possible. For laying the walls, only fireclay bricks and an adhesive composition based on fireclay clay are used. Also, the fireplace insert can be of a closed type.

A closed firebox is safer to use. It prevents sparks and flames from entering the room. However, an open firebox looks more harmonious and allows you to contemplate the bright flame, enjoy its crackling and warmth to the fullest. In addition, by giving preference to an open design, you save your money. cash, which could have been spent on purchasing a steel or cast iron chamber with a door.

In order to protect the room from fire, the space next to the firebox must be insulated with any fireproof material.

If you want to equip a stone portal with a purchased firebox, the walls of the stove can be assembled from simple brick, since additional protection will be provided by cast iron sidewalls.

A closed firebox is most often equipped with a door made of transparent tempered glass, which allows you to see the fire burning in the hearth in as much detail as possible. The method of opening such a door can be either the classic side or the top. Many modern fireboxes are equipped with a self-cleaning system - this prevents soot and soot from forming on the glass.

Fireplaces of wall and corner type are equipped steel pipes, which do not have a very presentable appearance. In order to hide and at the same time decorate such a chimney, it is enclosed in a box made of brick. The laying of the chimney is also carried out according to a previously drawn up order. Such a box not only improves the appearance of the structure, but also enhances, further insulates and accumulates accumulated heat.

Most often, stylish steel hoods that are hung directly above the hearth itself are purchased as a set for an island fireplace.

Making calculations

The size of the fireplace directly depends on the size of the room, as well as your personal needs and preferences. The dimensions of the structure are indicated in detail in the diagram. The order of the fireplace indicates how much material is needed for construction. It is important to know how much cladding, standard and refractory bricks you will need and purchase all materials with a small margin.

It is equally important to know how much masonry mortar you will need. It is important to take into account not only the main masonry, but also the construction of an additional foundation. Mostly cement marked M 200 is used as masonry mortar. To obtain the required mass, it is necessary to mix cement and sand together based on a 1/3 ratio. Next, gradually add water until a thick, homogeneous composition is formed, without lumps or dirt. To lay one cubic meter brick, on average you will need 0.2-0.3 cubic meters of composition.

You can calculate the dimensions of the fireplace in more detail using your own order. In order to find out how many bricks are needed, you need to multiply the volume of one unit by the total number of bricks in the scheme.

A professional and well-designed project has not only a frontal, but also a horizontal projection. This allows you to make all the calculations as simply and thoroughly as possible, to see the shape and outline of the fireplace on both sides. If the design of the stove is more complex, you can separately calculate and draw the arch, shelf and others structural elements. This will allow you to determine the location and location of the smoke collector, ash pan, chimney, and identify the angle of inclination of the walls and niches.

In our online store you can buy a ready-made firebox for corner, island or wall portals, domestic and foreign brands.

Execution of work

After you have chosen a place for the fireplace, calculated the amount of materials, designed and made a detailed order, you will need to purchase the following materials and tools:

1. A reservoir in which the adhesive base will be mixed. It should be large enough, at least 40 liters. For better mixing, it is best to get an electric mixer;
2. In order to sift sand, you will need to buy a special sieve;
3. Laying is carried out using a trowel;
4. To check the evenness of the corners, a building level is required;
5. Get a tape measure, a square and a ruler;
6. Marks are made using a simple pencil or construction marker.

Additionally, you may need such items as: a hammer, rags, a knife, sandpaper and others.

Before you start work, prepare the room, cover all the furniture and interior items that are in it. To make it easier to connect the tool, take an extension cord.

Do-it-yourself installation of a brick fireplace is carried out according to the following stages:

• Any massive structure begins to be erected only after the foundation is built. It can have either a strip or a concrete, block or brick base. If you are going to pour mortar into a pit, formwork is required. In this case, the construction of the furnace occurs only after the foundation is completely dry;
• Next, we begin laying the rows. Each row is pre-laid dry, the evenness and thickness of the seams between the bricks is checked. Periodically, to strengthen the structure, the rows are ligated. All adjustments are made before the adhesion composition dries;
• After the firebox and fireplace portal are erected, we proceed to laying the chimney. the hood is fixed to a horizontal partition. We provide surface insulation. If the pipe is metal, it is best to enclose it in a brick box;
• On last stage are being carried out facing works, a damper, shelf, grille, and countertop are installed.

The Kuznetsov stove or any other heating device cannot be heated immediately after construction. It is necessary to allow it to shrink and dry well for 10-15 days. After which the furnace gradually begins to operate. Firewood is placed in the firebox exactly halfway, gradually increasing.

From this video you can learn how to make a brick fireplace with your own hands at home or in the country: