The appearance of a business person is the first thing people see. preferably a coat, raincoat, fur coat of classic styles. business man suit
Plan
1. Etiquette in the culture of appearance
2. Appearance business man
3. Suit of a business man
3.1 Jacket, shirt, tie
3.2 Men's shoes
4. Suit of a business woman
5. Accessories
Literature
1. Etiquette in the culture of appearance
Seeing a person for the first time, people involuntarily pay attention to his appearance. "Clothes make up ninety percent of what people see in front of them when they look at you," emphasizes Debra Guy Cox, Image Consultant. Clothing affects others, because, regardless of the consciousness of a person, it is instantly fixed by his senses. Therefore, it is not in vain that they say that a person is first judged by his appearance, then by his conversation, and then by the interior of his office. Appearance, as a rule, reflects the inner, moral content of a person. "People judge us - that is, who we are, where we live and where we've been - based on just looking at our clothes," says Cox. The culture of a person is emphasized by his clothes. It is, in a way, a visiting card of a person. Clothing carries information to partners in communication about a person, his tastes, belonging to a particular social or professional stratum.
Tastefully selected clothes, accessories, a neat appearance make him confident, collected, energetic. No wonder Rockefeller started his business by buying himself an expensive suit with his last money and becoming a member of a golf club. “The ability to dress is more important than the ability to enter a room or the ability to bow. Nothing is more striking than a person’s clothes,” they instructed in the old days. Looking at an entrepreneur for the first time, they immediately form an impression of him and his well-being. The color of the clothes matters a lot. Exposure to color is a powerful psychological irritant: it can calm down, set up partners in a “businesslike way”, in a certain situation it can cause hostility or, on the contrary, positive emotions. Color signals are perceived by partners at a subconscious level. This explains the "secret" power of their influence. According to M. Luscher, the creator of the color test, widely known in modern psychodiagnostics, each color has its own psychological meaning. This is confirmed by domestic psychologists. Clothing should correspond to the place, time, nature of the event. It must be worn correctly. The lighter the suit, the better quality it should be.
2. The appearance of a business person
The appearance of a business person is the first step to success, because for a potential partner his suit serves as a code indicating the degree of reliability, respectability and success in business.
Only those who are well dressed and combed, who have a sense of taste and proportion, are trustworthy. It can be said that in business, too, people are "greeted by clothes," and only then other qualities are assessed - punctuality, clarity, qualifications, loyalty to the word, etc. That is why there are many requirements for the appearance of a business person, his everyday suit (not to mention solemn occasions).
At the same time, you should not try to suppress your partners with the richness of your appearance, indicating your powerful creditworthiness. In most industrialized countries, heavy gold rings, chains and bracelets, a conspicuous watch, or a garish tie can only cast doubt on your seriousness.
True, there are regions (for example, the Arab East) where it is not only allowed, but even required from a businessman to demonstrate luxury as a clear evidence of his prosperity. Such "signs of success" are monogrammed platinum lighters, watches with diamonds, and cufflinks with precious stones, and super-expensive cars.
3. Suit of a business man
A business suit is like a business card of a businessman. No business suit - no for the community of business people and the businessman himself. Not without reason, in the distant 19th century, the future billionaire Rockefeller began his path to success with investments not in business, but in himself: he spent literally the last money on two important acquisitions: the first purchase was an expensive business suit, the second was a membership card in a prestigious golf club . The suit created the image, the card gave acquaintances and personal connections. He was a wise and far-sighted man, this Rockefeller!
Both for the first contact and for subsequent business meetings with important domestic and foreign partners, it is worth putting on a carefully cleaned and pressed suit with a light-colored shirt and matching tie.
You should not appear at business meetings in jackets, sports trousers, jeans, as well as in leather jackets, which self-respecting businessmen wear at best for country walks.
However, there are special areas of business where extravagant outfits are allowed as a kind of trademark and sign of belonging to the workshop. For example, the manager of a rock singer or the organizer of a "heavy metal" concert may sport an earring and a ponytail caught in a ribbon. And the art dealer is quite befitting in bohemian colorful jackets and silk neckerchiefs.
Businessmen striving for success pay close attention to the details and meticulously take them into account in their conclusions. For example, a monstrous impression is produced by short, folded socks that reveal the white calves of a businessman when he sits with his legs crossed. Clean and hole-free socks are especially needed in Japan, where you have to take off your shoes when entering a house or restaurant.
A stale handkerchief, a half-torn button, or the habit of wiping glasses with the end of a tie spoil the impression.
We must not forget about shoes - dusty and cracked shoes can spoil the impression of even a quite decent suit. It is necessary to discard the ingenuous domestic habit of complementing a suit jacket with a tie with sandals, from which filament socks peek out, to avoid too odorous colognes and aftershave lotions. And in general, the main thing to strive for is the general impression of neatness, accuracy and even some pedantry in clothes. This should make the partner think that you will be so "tight" in business.
3.1 Jacket, shirt, tie
Outwardly, a businessman is easy to distinguish from all other men: he looks confident, stable, dressed quite conservatively. If a wealthy loafer chooses expensive and elegant clothes with a claim to chic, people of free professions - non-standard, workers - simple and reliable, young people - sports, then a business man is unthinkable without a men's suit, which in its entirety consists of a "troika" (jacket, trousers , vest), and in the standard - the same without a vest.
Clothing forms the appearance of a business person. It attracts the attention of people concerned with interpersonal relationships. In the words of Alison Lurie, author of The Language of Clothes, "...sociologists tell us that fashion...is a sign language, a non-verbal communication system." The main thing in men's clothing is a suit. The most common styles of men's suits are: English; European; modified European; American baggy.
A mandatory accessory for a classic men's suit is a jacket. It must be worn on every visit.
The bottom button of the jacket is never fastened. The rest must be buttoned up in a formal setting - on the podium, at the entrance to any room, etc. You should also dance only in a buttoned jacket. You can unfasten it only if you are sitting at a table or in the auditorium. You can take off your jacket at official events only after the owner, the honored guest - in a word, the first person at the reception, has done it. And if this very first person, despite the sweltering heat, as if nothing had happened, sits in a jacket, those present of a lower rank can only mentally send curses to this chump, immune to heat and other people's problems. Only when visiting close friends, you can take off your jacket, without waiting for the owner to do it. But first you should ask the owner for permission to do this. Late autumn, winter, early spring, evening time it is better to wear a dark jacket. IN daytime and in the summer a light suit is preferable, in the heat - a cotton one. The suit can be plain, as well as in small stripes or in a cage, but without sharp contrasts. For business negotiations, it is recommended to wear plain suits in gray, dark gray, navy blue or black. The most common in the business world is a two-piece suit, but a three-piece suit is also allowed. The black suit is designed for the most solemn occasions. All other details of clothing are matched to the suit.
The cut of a jacket - double-breasted or single-breasted, with wide or narrow lapels - depends not only on fashion. A single-breasted jacket with two buttons shows the mobility of a businessman, his speed of reaction, dynamism. A double-breasted jacket speaks of the ability to retain achievements, the reasonable distribution of funds or investments, reliability and resilience in any cataclysm. Double-breasted suits are contraindicated for all overweight people, even normal or relatively tall. They make their owners real fat men.
In addition to the width of the smell, jackets are also distinguished by the presence of cuts, which can be two, one or none at all. A jacket without a slot is called European. It looks attractive only on slender men. For fat men and even men of normal build, but with a tummy or wide hips, the European type of jacket is contraindicated. It fits perfectly only on tall and thin people. And that's if they're worth it. You can sit in such a jacket without inconvenience, only by completely unbuttoning it.
The American jacket with one vent is more comfortable when walking, less related to the person's complexion. But it is also not very comfortable: in order to sit down, it must be unfastened. The most reliable in this regard is an English jacket with two slots. Sitting in it is quite easy, because the back of the jacket immediately diverges to the sides and does not interfere with the landing. It may not be fully unfastened. The fact is that it is customary never to thread the bottom button into the loop so as not to interfere with free movement.
The jacket with two slots allows you to get up and sit down easily and freely. It is probably necessary to proceed in the choice on how mobile your work is, and on the characteristics of your complexion. The cut of the jacket in all other respects should simply meet your idea of \u200b\u200bcomfortable and uncomfortable, that is, the feeling of comfort or discomfort when wearing a thing.
A business man for various events must have at least three suits and 12 cotton shirts various colors, mostly pastel. They should match the suits in tone. Be sure to have white shirts, but white icy color. A thin stripe or cage is allowed. A motley shirt does not match a suit with a pattern. Never wear a striped shirt with a plaid suit and, conversely, a plaid shirt with a striped suit. The darker the suit, the lighter the shirt should be. The perfect shirt for visits of any level is white. But the most harmonious combination and the best shirt do not make a good impression if the shirt is dirty. The freshness of a shirt is its most important characteristic. The sleeve is long. The shirt collar is classic. However, the choice of collar is important for men with a non-standard neck and face shape. For slender men with long, thin necks, tapered collars (with close angles) or long and pointed collars accentuate features that need to be toned down. They look better with wide collars. They sort of widen the neck. Men with a full face and a short neck look more spectacular in shirts with narrow collars. Collars with an eyelet and a high neck are good for men with a medium neck.
On a shirt, as well as on a jacket, elements of a sports or military style are also not allowed - shoulder straps, patch pockets with folds or yokes. Let's say one patch pocket. Usually on the pocket there is a logo (verbal trademark) of the manufacturer.
John T. Molloy in Dressing for Success writes: “If you have the intention of taking everything I have written in this book seriously…then you will never, in your entire life, wear a short-sleeve shirt to a business meeting, regardless whether you've just recently worked as a simple courier or you're the president of a company.The short sleeve is a symbol of the lower social stratum of the middle class and therefore cannot, purely psychologically, evoke feelings of respect and power."
Elegant shirts should be without pockets, but if they are, then it is not customary to put anything in them. The corners of the collar with a tied tie should not lag behind, as in cheap shirts. The cuffs of shirts are simple, fastened with a button, and double (French), fastened with cufflinks. Double - give the image a gloss. Due to the width and details of such cuffs, the arms do not seem long.
Particular attention is paid to the tie. A tie is a must-have addition to a plain shirt. With a suit with stripes, plaid, etc. a solid color tie goes well. And with a plain suit - a tie with a pattern, motley. If the shirt is not light-colored, you need to make sure that the tie is combined with its color. Only a plain tie is suitable for a bright shirt with a pattern. In all cases, the tie should be darker than the shirt. The color of your business partner's tie can help you determine his character, mood, and position in these negotiations. Bright red ties express expressiveness, some inconsistency. The combination of bright red with yellow is looseness, perseverance in defending one's own point of view. Red drawing on dark background may indicate self-confidence, purposefulness. Blue, dark brown colors with the addition of red and a little bit of emerald indicate goodwill, readiness to take into account the opinion of the opponent. Gray-pearl colors emphasize the ability to control feelings. Poisonous greens combined with yellows may indicate some alertness. Blue ties radiate serenity. A black braided leather tie indicates a desire to be elegant, attractive. For business negotiations, it is better to choose gray-pearl, blue-red, maroon ties. Graphic ties are recommended. This color scheme will set your interlocutors in a businesslike way, emphasize your respect for them. But a bright tie with an avant-garde pattern will create a feeling of emotional pressure for your business partners, will annoy and distract them. It is also recommended to use a set of the same color tie and handkerchief (the tip of which looks out of the breast pocket). For an evening dark suit, a silk tie is best suited. A synthetic tie is only worn with a leather jacket. In bow ties appear only at official events. Cloth black tie is appropriate only at funerals and memorial ceremonies. It is not customary to combine a tie with a sports, woolen shirt, with any shirt that is worn loose. The width of the tie should be directly proportional to the size of the jacket, i.e. the wider the shoulders of the person, the wider the tie should be. The tie must not be allowed to hang below the waist. But too short is also unacceptable. It should just not reach the buckle of the trouser belt. And, of course, the tie must be tied neatly and correctly. Thick ties should be re-tied each time.
3.2 Men's shoes
Not only a tie, but also shoes indicate the social status and luck of a man. In all manuals on business etiquette, the following is written about shoes: they should be expensive, conservative in appearance, with thin soles, black or dark (for a dark suit) and the appropriate shade for a light suit. But above all, shoes should be comfortable. So if the seller in the store assures you that this is the same model that is ideal for a business suit, then, having figured out this purpose, check how comfortable it is on the leg, and do not forget for what purpose you are purchasing it: if if you wear it only indoors, then the choice is fair, but if you have to walk in these business shoes on our sinful earth and in the slushy season, then you should think about whether your shoes can handle rain, snow or mud. Otherwise, you run the risk of soon giving away expensive shoes to the nearest garbage dump.
Elegantly complement the suit with light low shoes with lacing made of genuine leather(top, bottom, insoles). Boots are worn with outerwear: black lace-up boots, classic black leather low shoes with laces. Moccasins are possible if they are made of first-class genuine leather and are simple in style. Do not wear shoes with high heels, as well as patent leather. A business man does not wear velor leather shoes. They are not allowed in business. Patent shoes match only the tailcoat and tuxedo.
You still won't be able to get rid of "shoes for all occasions". For cold seasons, you will have to pick up winter and autumn shoes, for summer - summer shoes. But in all cases, shoes should look expensive and prestigious. This does not mean that she needs an extravagant style, although today in the world of men's shoe fashion there are very bold decisions. Men's business shoes are simple, that is, they should not have all sorts of inserts of a different color, additional straps, buckles, emblems and other details that are good in youth fashion, but do not match the business style. Shoes should always be immaculately clean both inside and out. During the day, the leg releases 200 ml of sweat. Business man wears thin woolen socks. By absorbing sweat, these socks stay dry to the touch. Socks should be long. In this case, putting one foot on the other, the naked body (erogenous zones) is not visible from under the trousers. It is unacceptable that the bare part of the leg is visible. Long socks add elegance to the leg. Patterned socks are not recommended. The color of the socks creates a transition from the color of the suit to the color of the shoes, combined with them. Dark solid colored socks are preferred. White socks are not allowed. They are worn mainly by athletes. We read about this in one of the commandments on how to dress a novice businessman, at a business school in Frankfurt am Main: "A gentleman does not wear white socks! A businessman, if he is a gentleman, too." The basic principle of choosing a business suit is simple: men's clothing should fit well and the person should be comfortable in it. So when choosing a business suit, it is recommended not only to put it on and stand in front of the mirror, but also to walk around, sit, even bend down, evaluating the suit not in static, but in motion. Also, if you choose a comfortable suit, be sure to check that you are comfortable even when the pockets are not perfectly empty. If they are provided, then they exist for something. At the same time, pockets that are no longer empty should not bulge and protrude.
4. Suit of a business woman
The desire of a woman to be noticeable is her deepest need. The color of the costume can increase or decrease the aura of power and charm of a woman. The requirements for the clothes of a business woman, in principle, are not much different from the requirements for the clothes of a business man. However, business etiquette allows a woman to deviate from rigid male standards. For a woman - a businessman who wants to succeed, it is very important to remember her appearance.
Business clothes are distinguished by classic cut, discreet colors, and versatility. Sexy chiffon evening gowns and opulent Impressionist-inspired trouser suits are fine for parties and cocktail parties, but wearing them to work spells career failure. A women's business suit can be of traditional colors (red, yellow, brown, green, blue, white, black), almost any color, except for bright shades and sharp contrasting combinations. Best Colors business dress - dark blue, reddish brown, beige, dark brown, gray, medium blue, light blue, etc.
The black business suit has recently been pushed out. It is suitable for conferences, council meetings and other events that are more solemn than the usual labor activity. All over the world, the main clothing for work is a suit. The dress can be afforded only in the heat and only in one color.
In the wardrobe of a business woman there should be two or three skirts, jackets, two or three blouses. It is advisable to change toilets often, because the same thing worn every day is annoying and "extinguishes" the mood.
It is impossible to shorten the skirt excessively, blindly obeying fashion. Also, you should not wear things that emphasize your attractiveness (tight sweaters, jeans). It may happen that men, instead of listening to you at business meetings, will consider your merits. In addition, they may get the impression that you are first of all offering to make sure of the beauty of your figure, and not of business qualities.
The clothes of a woman should correspond to the place, time, nature of the event. It must be worn correctly. For example, it is not customary to receive guests or visit guests in evening dresses during the daytime. For this occasion, an elegant dress or dress-suit is suitable, but not a jacket and a skirt. Good taste requires the ability to combine existing clothes. The set can be supplemented with a new skirt, jumper, scarf, scarf.
The skirt is worn with a leather belt, matching the color of the suit. If a woman has a high waist, then the color of the belt is selected to match the color of the blouse, if it is low, the color of the skirt. A business woman should not wear a cheap or ill-fitting jacket. Dropped, shapeless shoulders at work look sluggish and helpless. Therefore, small hangers are used. But at the same time remember that the shoulders narrow the sides. A buttoned jacket should be comfortable and true to size. Its optimal length is not lower than the hips. For women with a high waist, long jackets are recommended, for women with a low waist, short ones. Do not forget about the direction of fashion.
Blouses should be simple, elegant and look expensive. The complex design of a blouse does not harmonize with a business jacket. Ruffles, lace give femininity. Transparent or tight-fitting blouses are suitable only for a jacket. Summer clothes should be made from natural materials or with a small amount of synthetic or acetate fibers.
Knitted jumpers, vests, etc. are excluded from business attire. A fat person looks even fuller in a suit or dress made of transverse striped fabric, large pattern, very bright. Complete any figure of the skirt in the shape of the letter "A". In wide puffy skirts, tall women do not produce a business look. Better put on long skirt, cut along an oblique line.
For women, shoes are an essential part of the toilet. The most elegant are boats with closed toe and heel. In business, white shoes are unacceptable. They look cheap and are not a symbol of success. Shoes of ivory color, beige, beige-gray, etc. are desirable. Dark shoes are suitable for dark dresses. Shoes with colored details, "metallic colors", with decorations are unacceptable in the business sphere. Shoes with flared heels, as well as closed shoes, are worn only with trousers. Patent leather shoes are preferred in the evening. In the summer, sandals with an open heel, but with a closed toe, are acceptable. As a rule, stockings and tights are combined with the color of shoes. They don't have to be patterned. Dark-colored shoes and stockings visually reduce the feet.
Hairstyle, makeup, jewelry should organically complement your business suit. The hairstyle should be strict, but at the same time elegant. Decorations should be as small as possible, but at the same time, they should not be abandoned at all. It is better to wear expensive jewelry. Cosmetics should be noticeable only at close range. Experts recommend buying more preventive cosmetics than decorative ones. Perfume should be used in such quantity that its smell is barely noticeable. And, of course, it must be good spirits.
But the most important thing is your personality. It's not about how you dress, but how you feel. If you are calm, self-confident, if you smile and listen attentively to your interlocutor, do not overdo it with little female tricks like "playing eyes" or "accidentally" naked knee, you are guaranteed success. However, women's tricks sometimes do not hurt. But everything is in moderation.
5. Accessories
Business man always has accessories High Quality which he can only afford.
A woman's handbag or case should be made of the best grades of genuine leather, like a briefcase, folder, purse (wallet) - for a man. A portfolio is essential for every successful person. Folders are used only for internal use (meetings, meetings, etc.).
In the business sphere, a woman must definitely wear a watch, otherwise she makes it clear to others that she does not value time. She prefers watches with a clear dial, classic design. They are selected according to the fullness of the wrist. Small watches are small, large ones are heavy and uncomfortable. Electronic clocks, as well as those with a pointer, are inelegant.
Watches are the most important, expensive and prestigious accessory of a business man. In a classic business style, preference is given to elegant mechanical watches with arrows. Quartz watches are more practical and easy to use, but mechanical ones are more prestigious. The image of a man is distorted by watches made of plastic, rubber, with various decorations, emitting ringing, squeaking, with an indistinct dial. Convenient watches, in which the glass is on the same level with the case. The convex glass is exposed to the greatest friction, the dial is darkened. The strap is recommended from calfskin, or imitated crocodile, as well as a metal bracelet. A pocket watch is worn with a tailcoat. In the business world, it is customary to wear jewelry in gold, silver, pearl, or a combination of both. Jewelry with precious stones is worn only in the evening. Rings should be in harmony with the toilet and the appearance of the owner. They are usually worn on the ring finger. It is undesirable to wear small rings, as they cut into the finger, leaving a deep mark that remains for a long time, even if such rings are no longer worn. A ring worn on the little finger shortens and widens the hand. Significantly emphasize the width of the hand, small elegant rings. The ring on the index finger is a sign of bad taste. The grace of the hand emphasizes small stone in a thin frame, large - always emphasizes only its own beauty. Any rings look good on a narrow hand with long fingers. On such a hand, a ring with a stone in a convex setting looks beautiful even on the middle finger. Rings with stones of saturated colors are suitable for all hands, and soft, transparent ones are for dark-skinned ones. Jewelry on men has a deterrent effect on customers. It is allowed to wear two rings: a wedding ring and a signet. Preference is given to jewelry made from the most "masculine" precious metal - platinum. Cufflinks in men's suit should be gold, silver, mother-of-pearl, possibly with natural stones delicate color onyx type. Artificial materials are not acceptable. It is desirable that the cufflinks are combined with a tie clip. The frame of glasses should not exactly copy the shape of the face, but only preserve its line. The upper part of the frame should be in line with the eyebrows, and the eyes should be located in the middle of the glasses. The frame should not be wider than the face and below the middle of the cheeks, that is, below the level of the nostrils, so as not to distort the shape of the face. It is good when the frame of glasses is in harmony with the color of hair, eyebrows, clothes. To dark hair, dark eyebrows choose a dark frame. But remember that a heavy dark frame enlarges the nose. A metal or softly tinted plastic frame is suitable for blond hair. The handle of a business man, as well as women, pay attention no less than to other accessories. Along with a Swiss watch and fine glasses, a good pen is one of the things that can reveal the true social status its owner. Among the prestigious firms that produce expensive fountain pens, the most popular in Russia are Parker, Sheatter, Mont Blanc and Cross.
Literature
1. Business communication. Business etiquette: Proc. manual for university students / Compiled by I.N. Kuznetsov. - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2005. - 431 p.
2. Professional ethics and etiquette. Textbook / A.A. Solonitsyna. - Vladivostok. - Publishing house Dalnevost. un-ta, 2005.- 200 p.
3. Elizaveta Bazhenova "Business etiquette: why you need to behave this way and not otherwise."
4. 30 main rules of business etiquette / Auth. T. I. Revyako - M .: AST .; Mn.: Harvest; 2005. -96s.
Appearance characteristics
Social role purpose of clothing
Influence of color in clothes
Men's business suit
· Women's Business suit
"They meet by clothes ...". This proverb briefly and exhaustively answers the question of the importance of clothing in creating an image. The ability to choose clothes “for themselves”, and even more importantly, to wear them in a good mannered way is an important part of image.
Clothing is a kind of calling card. She renders psychological impact on communication partners, often predetermining their relationship to each other. Why does clothing acquire such significance that the whole image can be instantly destroyed by an incorrectly chosen detail?
From time immemorial, clothing, in addition to its main functions - protection and decoration - carries information about the owner, a kind of code that must be able to read. An experienced eye will immediately notice how skillfully you are dressed, whether the suit suits your figure, whether it matches your character and temperament, whether it helps or not to hide flaws, whether you can understand and feel the situation in which you are. Your status, psychological characteristics, social role, thoughts and feelings - everything will be reflected in the costume.
I would like to emphasize that it is very important to remember two important concepts proposed by the Swiss psychologist Max Luther: "aesthetic elegance" and "psychological elegance".
Aesthetic elegance- when each element of clothing is matched in color, shape, pattern and all elements are consistent with each other.
Psychological elegance- the ability to create your own harmony, "zest", inherent only to you. By combining these two concepts, you will be able to dress individually and tastefully, feel comfortable in the “second skin”, knowing what you want to tell the world about yourself and what kind of reaction you will get in return.
First of all, it is necessary to note the social role purpose of clothing. So, there is the concept of "white collar", "blue collar". Many people know that it refers to the technical intelligentsia and departmental officials. A number of enterprises have branded clothing. It is characterized not only by a certain style, but also by a variety of colors. In such enterprises, workers, employees and managers can easily be distinguished by work clothes. By the way, this disciplines employees, facilitates their communication contacts.
Of course, it is impossible to absolutize the importance of clothing in our life. However, let's not forget that it is expressive, attracts the eyes of people, causing them specific emotions.
One of the self-serving principles of a business person strongly recommends that if you want to be in the forefront of business people, your clothes today should correspond to the position that you would like to occupy tomorrow. So, a leader simply needs a respectable appearance, and some conservatism in his clothes is usually perceived as a symbol of stability.
Clothing can say a lot about our personality. For example, extroverts prefer unusual outfits, while introverts prefer sophisticated ones. The first prefer bright colors, and the second - cold. Extroverts love a lot of jewelry, while introverts have a simple and modest style.
1) with her functional purpose (work, home, guests, official reception);
2) with your age;
3) with their physical data.
The cut of clothing determines how the shape of the body will look. Even a thin person will appear fuller if they wear a square-shouldered jacket and wide baggy trousers. The right choice of clothing cut can often hide what we consider to be figure flaws.
If you do not want your clothes to distract the interlocutor from you and what you are saying to him, avoid outfits with an excessive amount of detail - pockets, locks, complex collars, shiny buttons.
Color also creates emotional associations. Warm, bright, light colors (such as red and yellow) "advance" and can make you prettier and friendlier, while cool, gloomy, dark colors (such as black, navy, gray) "retreat", create distance, and you will look more powerful and impregnable. Warm, neutral colors (beige, brownish yellow) give the impression of great accessibility.
Brightly colored clothes can overwhelm a person, especially if they themselves have pale skin. But it's even worse if people pay attention to your flashy clothes and don't look at you.
The most important color is the one closest to the face. Shirts, blouses, ties should be of such shades that suit the complexion and decorate it. So, if a person wants to emphasize the whiteness of his face, he should wear red clothes, but the yellow color will give a purple tint to the whiteness of the face.
Bad taste, extravagance, non-respect of seasonality and simply carelessness - these are the characteristics of clothing that are detrimental to the image. They cross out many wonderful qualities of people and create a false impression of them.
How can you strike a balance between the need to maintain certain standards in clothing and the desire to express your individuality? Only by developing a sense of proportion, and creating a holistic external image.
There is such a thing as “dressing with taste”. It is universal in its interpretation, because the tastes of people depend on many circumstances: common culture, material resources, age, ethno-psychological characteristics, etc. In addition, there is a certain standard of "good taste" that must be reckoned with. For a long time, “dressing tastefully” meant dressing strictly and in a monotone. During the democratization of tastes, one can dress differently and in an original way, but one should observe the ensemble principle, take into account one's kinesic data, the aesthetics of the time, social status, and the specifics of one's professional activity.
Undoubtedly, there are features of a business suit for men and women.
Men's business suit.
In an ensemble of business men's clothes special place occupies a shirt. You can have a pair of suits and a pair of jackets with trousers, and this will be enough to look spectacular and fresh. But on one obligatory condition: to have at least a dozen different shirts in your wardrobe. At one time, white shirts dominated, but today color television clearly demonstrates how unreliable a white shirt is in “sculpting” an image. Of course, there are situations when, according to etiquette or ritual, it is necessary to be in a white shirt. However, men look much more advantageous in those shirts that best set off the face and harmoniously combine with a tie.
The main decoration of a man is tie. Looking at a tie, you can accurately assess the taste of its owner. An elegant suit may go unnoticed, a beautiful tie never. The choice of color, pattern and size of a tie allows a man to show his personality and sometimes his mood. But the desired effect is achieved only by choosing the right tie for the suit: the dominant color of the tie should repeat one of the tones of the suit.
A solid color tie goes with any shirt and any suit. It is only important to follow the harmony of color.
A tie with polka dots is also popular, but more elegant than a plain one. The main background of the tie should dominate the color scheme of the clothes. The color of the polka dots on the tie is desirable to match the color of the shirt. The most common is a dark blue tie with small white polka dots, it gives men charm. The smaller the polka dots, the more refined the look.
For business attire, a tie with dark, clear diagonal stripes also works well.
Conservative ties (with circles, rhombuses, triangles) are indispensable for a person with an authoritative position. With their severity, clarity of lines, balance, such ties emphasize the position of its owner.
A tie with a variety of patterns is perceived by others playfully, so it is not recommended to wear it to a serious business meeting. But on the other hand, he can bring freshness if a man is dressed in a dull, gloomy suit. The variety of tones in the abstract pattern suits almost any costume, especially when traveling and on long-term business trips.
Pretty spoil the business look of a man ties with images of symbols, emblems, with newspaper text and "masterpieces" of painting. Business people should avoid black, purple, purple colors, intersecting and overlapping patterns, very short and massive ties (the latter are especially not suitable for overweight men with a short neck).
The best material for ties is silk, wool and cotton. Looks great synthetic fabric under silk. Silk ties go with a variety of fabrics and are suitable for any occasion. Cotton ties are worn mainly in summer.
The length of the tie should be such that, when tied, it slightly covers the buckle of the waist belt.
An important role in a business suit men play socks. They are matched first to the tie, then to the color of the pants, and finally to the color of the shoes. It is advisable to choose socks in a darker color than the suit (at least one tone).
The length of the socks should be such that not a single centimeter of bare skin is visible (especially when a man sits with his legs crossed) and that they do not gather on the instep.
For a business person, it is important to consider style matching elements of clothing. For example, a business, somewhat conservative suit or a striped suit combined with a plaid shirt will look disharmonious. The absurdity of the combination of a suit with wide lapels and a narrow tie is also obvious. Therefore, in the wardrobe of a business man, a plain suit can become a basic element. It has the ability to blend well with the colors and patterns of other elements of clothing, which greatly simplifies the choice of the right combination: suit - shirt - tie; monotony - drawing - monotony.
It should also be remembered that the same patterns are never combined, they must always be separated by a single-color element. Therefore, for example, for a plain suit,
ü plain shirt, plain tie;
ü shirt with a pattern, plain tie;
ü plain shirt, patterned tie.
According to experts, a business man should have three suits: work, business and evening.
work suit- this is a regular (casual) suit: trousers and a jacket, which can be of different colors. A jumper, pullover or turtleneck sweater is quite acceptable (but not a sweater with a collar, as for a ski trip). Pants and a leather jacket or a well-tailored jacket are acceptable. In all cases, a shirt and tie are required. A tie is not required only for a shirt of a special cut or, for example, for a turtleneck.
A business man wears a work suit on ordinary days when he works with papers, a computer, a calculator, draws up a report or a report, that is, he spends almost all day at his desk. The head, if he does not have business meetings, meetings with partners, reception of delegations, can also come to work in a work suit.
business suit– this is trousers and a jacket of any color, and a shirt and tie matched to them accordingly.
Evening suit a business man should consist of trousers and a jacket of the same color and a white (only white!) shirt.
Do not put a pen, pencil, glasses, comb and other items in the upper outer pockets of jackets so that they look out.
Women's Business suit.
Modern women have proven that they have depth and character, that they set ambitious goals for themselves and strive to move up the corporate ladder. However, in achieving these goals, they tend to make one of two mistakes:
1) they try to compete with men, using only their external data, remaining true women and allowing fashion to determine the choice of their clothes (at the same time, in the eyes of men, they look like “dummy”, who are more interested in form than content);
2) try to imitate men, adopting their clothing style, and at the same time their behavior, losing their feminine individuality.
In both cases, the business woman loses. The right choice of clothes can greatly help her to succeed at work. But how to make this choice? We hope some tips will help you:
It is better to wear a suit with a skirt to work, not a dress;
Preference should be given to a plain fabric, without a pattern, or various options for stripes and cells, but patterns such as flowers, birds, sailboats, etc., as well as various bright abstract patterns, are completely undesirable;
Your hairstyle should not distract the attention of others with excessive curls and curls;
Do not abuse cosmetics and perfumes (the whole world loves clowns who wear obvious cosmetics, but no one gives them responsible assignments in the business world);
It is not recommended to wear jewelry only as jewelry: it should be used functionally or purposefully (for example, wedding ring should always be worn, because it testifies to your reliability and efficiency; a large expensive pendant will give solidity to a short woman, etc.);
Use only a good handle and a handbag made of very good quality leather (by the way, organization and order should reign inside your bag).
The purpose of women's clothing was and remains to emphasize personal originality and elegance. A woman has the right to the originality of her clothes, to her own style of wearing them. A woman who successfully solves the problem of a harmonious combination of colors in her clothes enjoys unconditional success.
For service, a long-sleeved dress is most acceptable, and the most “authoritative” is gray with small stripes. The best colors for a business dress are dark blue, tan, beige, gray, light blue. The least suitable are bright colors.
An important place in the wardrobe of a business woman is occupied by decorations. Their purpose is to give a woman grace, to create that stroke in the image, without which it will not be complete. Wearing jewelry is not an indicator of a woman's material capabilities, but of her culture and refinement of taste.
A business woman should be careful in choosing points. This is an element of appearance that always remains in sight. The shape of the frame should fit the face. Round glasses glasses, for example, will emphasize its roundness even more. In this case, rectangular glasses are more suitable. Frames that draw too much attention to themselves should be avoided if you want people to remember your face and not your glasses.
Thanks to the effect of accessories, a woman can always give her visual image a special charm. A colored handkerchief (but not colorful), a brooch, a curly hairpin, an original belt, an elegant handbag - these and other simple details of a women's toilette give her individuality to her appearance. It is noteworthy that this does not require any significant material costs. The accessories themselves lend themselves to numerous combinations. You can have two scarves or scarves in your purse, changing them during the working day. It seems that there is nothing easier, but the effect is obvious. The novelty that has appeared in the guise of a woman will not go unnoticed.
A very important element in the visual image - makeup. Makeup is decorative cosmetics, the tactical purpose of which is to give the face aesthetics and attractiveness.
The choice of makeup depends on the color of the hair. In creating feminine charm, this determines the effect of "zest". Hair makes us attractive not by itself (although a similar effect is not excluded), but in combination with a hairstyle. Exactly hairstyle makes a woman attractive, and gives a man character. Hairstyle is selected
ü taking into account the figure;
ü taking into account the type of person;
ü taking into account the shape of the head.
An image is an external reflection of a human image, a visual and expressive “cut” of its personal characteristics. Creating an image is associated with creating an attractive image. Doing oneself is the most difficult work, but, of course, it is of interest to every person.
body image
Psychological characteristics of the body
Habits
Human gait and posture
Facial expression and gaze
Each person has his own individual bodily constitution. Psychologists in their studies have found a certain relationship between a particular constitution and the psychological characteristics of a person.
Our body independently signals to others what is happening to us. Either everything is in order with us - a straight posture, a smooth gait, a raised head, or we are afraid of something - a stooped back, a small, mincing step, a head lowered. Body language conveys much more information about us, whether we like it or not. For our part, we can learn to understand this language and use it purposefully.
If you are shy about your body or are too critical of it, this attitude will affect the image as a whole. After all, your body is ultimately seen by everyone. And under the gaze of those around you is unlikely to be comfortable. If you have a positive body image, if you accept your body as it is, then your overall image will benefit in many ways.
To improve your body image, you need to work hard on your body. Remember that your body is constantly "talking", and how you use body language and facial language depends on the success of the image you create.
We must remember that our posture and emotional reactions are controlled by habits, that is, they “work” automatically. For example, a person prone to depression stoops, moves sluggishly, apathetically. And due to the fact that the expression of depression does not leave him for years, characteristic, easily recognizable features appear. A cheerful person who smiles endlessly has “laugh lines” on his face, and he moves more energetically, confidently, and holds himself straight.
In one area of therapy, bioenergetics, developed by Alexander Lowen and based on the writings of the non-traditional therapist Wilhelm Reitsch, it is argued that certain emotions are "stored" in certain parts of the body, creating a kind of protective shell. The jaw can accumulate misfortunes, the chest - neglect, the shoulders - too much responsibility. People express these accumulated emotions by tensing and losing the mobility of the corresponding parts of the body.
Sometimes a physical habit can be a reflection of "you in the past" rather than "you in the present." Perhaps there was a period in a person’s life when failure literally haunted him for several years. Over time, things have changed for the better. But if a person does not make special conscious efforts, body language will bear the stamp of the former depression.
Each person uses the face and body very individually, with its own characteristics. When impersonators appear on television, the role models are easily recognizable and without comment. Imitators notice the physical habits of people and parody them.
When we "read" each other, body language is the most fertile source for discovery. People react very strongly to it, and not always consciously. When the word and voice of someone do not inspire confidence, it is body language that allows you to make a final decision about a person. By your physical appearance, others can easily determine how tense or relaxed you are.
It is very important to remember about posture. The word "posture" is often associated with old-fashioned classes where they taught good manners. In fact, posture reflects a lot about who you are: how you feel about yourself, how life treats you, and how you feel in a particular situation. Having good posture does not mean being drawn to the line. It's about about the naturalness of the landing of the head and such a position of the spine when the body is not tense and not constrained.
Posture can be changed by identifying habits that can send signals that damage your image.
When we talk, we usually look at head or neck each other. The back of the neck is an extremely common area of tension.
Shoulders are also a place of concentration of tension in many people; they look at the same time slightly raised and filed forward. If you are one of these people, we recommend that you say to yourself whenever the opportunity presents itself: “shoulders down and forward.” Especially suitable for this situation, when you eat on the train, walk down the street, drive a car. Reacting to this command should become a habit. Shoulders are very important for "shaping the image" - it is no coincidence that overhead shoulders are used in clothes, giving people visible significance. The shoulders serve as the “hanger” on which the rest of the body rests.
The shoulders are a significant part of the body, and tension from them can quickly transfer to the forearms, hands, and fingers. This is why many of us are unable to stand with relaxed hands: we drum our fingers on the table, clench our hands into a fist. Watch TV speakers closely and you will learn to recognize tense shoulders.
When characterizing movements, we are talking about the speed, direction and posture of the mover. If you feel uncomfortable in any situation, your movements will tend to be quick and jerky as you try to get out of the situation.
Often and quickly we move even when we think that we are bored. Slow heavy movements may indicate indecision and lack of energy.
If you are satisfied with your body and feel relaxed, your movements will be energetic and smooth; you will not fuss and twitch, you will strive to take up more space. Many of us have a characteristic gait in which movement is directed by a specific part of the body.
Gait - it is a kind of personality map. Its components are rhythm, step dynamics and body weight. All these data in different people appear with more or less difference. By gait, one can judge the well-being of a person, his age and character. Can be distinguished six basic types of gaits various people.
1. Confident man walks quickly, waving his arms, has a clear goal and is ready to realize it.
2. Critical and secretive, overwhelming other person keeps hands in pockets even in warm weather.
3. A person who is depressed drags his feet and, as a rule, looks under his feet, hands in motion or in pockets.
4. A person experiencing a burst of energy walks on his hips, as if he intends to reach the goal by the shortest route.
5. preoccupied man walks in the pose of a “thinker”, head down, hands clasped behind his back.
6. arrogant person lifts the chin high, the arms move with emphasis on energy, the legs are like wooden ones, the style is the striding of the leader.
The most expressive component of the image is face - our mirror. In popular science literature, there is a unanimous recognition that it reflects the physical and spiritual state of a person, his character and even the principles that guide his behavior.
People tend to view faces with a certain amount of prejudice. We judge people by their facial characteristics until we get to know them better: thick lips are sensual, thin lips are mediocre, a high forehead is a sign of intelligence, and small eyes are a sign of dishonor. However, the expression of our face characterizes our personality much more accurately than its features.
The rate of change of facial expressions depends on many factors: the individual psychological characteristics of the individual, the level of its culture and even gender. If you are reluctant to express your feelings, then your face will not be particularly mobile.
To be able to adequately withstand life's trials, you need to accustom yourself to restraint in expressing emotions with the help of facial expressions. You should master at least six basic facial expressions - pragmatic, decisive, open, closed, cautious and shy. For members of some professions, such as the police or the military, showing emotions in emergency situations is detrimental to their work. Therefore, the officers of these services develop the skill to keep their upper lip literally in a “stiffened” state in order to hide their emotions behind a stone face.
We all have to mask our faces to some extent, and if the “mask” we usually wear expresses concern or irritability, then the attitude of others towards us will be appropriate.
You can tell a lot about a person by the way they smile. A smiling face more often evokes disposition towards its owner. A serious face is more successful in removing a possible confrontation than a gloomy one. And no matter how well you are brought up, you will not be able to shine with a smile if you are experiencing physical pain or some kind of mental suffering.
Image specialists distinguish three zones on the face: upper (forehead), middle (eyebrows, nose, eyes, lips) and lower (chin). Of particular importance are the eyes, which have the ability to self-presentation - glance. We have already talked about visual contact in previous chapters, but now we will focus on the role of the gaze that it plays in self-presentation.
If you want to present yourself as a confident, sincere and receptive person, be sure to establish constant and direct visual contact with your partners.
There are situations when a person does not look at the interlocutor. There may be several reasons for this. Firstly, it is possible that the interlocutor simply does not like him. In any group, everyone will look at the most famous and respected of those present more often than at other people. Secondly, it is possible that the one who does not look at the interlocutor is simply timid, and avoiding eye contact is nothing more than a manifestation of nervousness. Third, he may consider his status higher than the status of his communication partner and therefore is in no hurry to “notice” him. Fourth, a person finds his interlocutor very attractive and, fearing to give himself away with wide eyes, prefers not to look at him.
Without seeing a person's eyes, we are at a disadvantage, because without eye contact it is difficult to get a correct idea of \u200b\u200bthe person. Movie and show business stars often wear dark glasses, not wanting to be recognized. And since we can't see their eyes, it only enhances the halo of mystery and raises their status.
It is also important to choose the right "dose" of visual contact. If a passenger sitting opposite you on a bus or tram stares at you, you feel uneasy. It seems that he is trying to overwhelm you by deliberately demonstrating his superiority. If your eyes move too quickly over the faces of those around you, they may feel some tension.
The habit of avoiding eye contact, due to shyness, is acquired very easily. But if she begins to control your behavior, this is bad: a person who enters the room and does not look at those present will find it very difficult to establish any contact with them. Therefore, you need to master special exercises that help get rid of difficulties in this area.
I would like to end the conversation about body image with the words of L.N. Tolstoy, according to whom the beauty of bodily forms always coincides with the concept of active life energy. In order to learn how to control your body, you do not need to have any special physical data. It is important to want and be able to do this.
Behavior patterns
· Typology of behavior patterns
Etiquette and strategic behavior patterns
Criteria for selecting a behavior model
In our life there are always certain stable parameters of behavior.
So, some, getting up in the morning, start the day with physical exercises. We do the same things over and over throughout the day. Thus, there is a specific set of behaviors for everyday purposes. This does not exclude the “wedging” into them of some other models of behavior due to a specific situation.
Model(French modele) is a sample. The choice of a behavioral model does not imply any insensitive standardization of human actions, i.e. the absence in them of a living temperament, originality of thinking, originality, habits. The choice of a behavior model is the reproduction of such variants of them, which, when everyday communication help the individual to become sociable, and therefore attractive.
With a typology of behavior patterns, it is possible to distinguish behavior models in official communication and informal(family, comradely, domestic). Behavior patterns can be active(aggressive) and passive(defensive) nature.
The business sphere is the most diverse sphere of communication. Her feature is that in it all the subjects of communication act in official statuses, which inevitably determine the choice of their behavior patterns. As a result, its participants are focused on achieving some business effect.
The great Goethe said that behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows himself. And not only shows. There is a kind of talent for peering into this mirror, sensitively picking up on it the attitude of others. This is one of the secrets of imagery. Everyone masters those behaviors that bring success. The more objective the idea of your behavior, based on the reaction of people, the more effective the strategy and tactics of this behavior will be.
In everyday life, we perceive the behavior of another person as a holistic image. Expressing our position, we do it simultaneously by various means. So, wanting to show sympathy for a person, we, as a rule, will not only tell him about our feelings, but also convey them in soft intonations of voice, in a friendly look. This complex of signs forms model Or, as psychologists say, pattern behavior. The model is perceived as a whole.
The integrity of the model is violated when its constituent elements contradict each other; for example, sad news, which is spoken of with an ironic intonation.
In practice, each model of behavior in different people is embodied in different ways. Most of the behavior patterns in everyday life are not the object of special study, but among the many models there are those that are comprehended by people and become the subject of special study. This etiquette models(prescriptions) and strategic models.
Label models characteristic of every profession. For example, the ethical attitudes towards an enemy and a diplomat differ from each other. If we thoroughly know the ethical precepts, then the question arises: how to achieve this pattern, by what means? The answer to this question is given by the strategic model. .
Strategic models are actually recommendations on how to behave in order to achieve a particular goal. We invent a certain behavioral strategy, think about what words to say to the interlocutor in order to convince him that we are right, how to show him a willingness to cooperate, how to win his sympathy, etc.
The need to invent behavioral strategies is due to problems that arise in the process of communication. The effectiveness of the communication process depends on many factors that are of human nature. These include the psychophysical characteristics of a person, his mental characteristics, character traits and attitudes. Some factors are obvious and we take them into account automatically, others require special consideration. It is much more difficult to identify and take into account the influence of a person's internal positions on his behavior with a particular partner.
Consider one of highlights underlying many strategies - attitude of a communication partner towards oneself. This is necessary because there are many difficulties in the level of self-esteem, in the ratio of self-esteem and the assessment of others. For example, if a person, by the gestures of others, notices that their feelings do not correspond to his ideas, then he is upset. Patterns of behavior appear to protect one's own "I", the so-called defense mechanisms.
These reactions interfere with mutual understanding and interaction. In order not to cause the partner to feel threatened and not to provoke him to psychological defense, it is necessary to help the person in understanding how we perceive his actions. And here plays a huge role Feedback. Feedback is information that we provide to others that contains our response to their behavior.
Your opinion about your partner should be expressed in such a way as not to cause feelings of resentment, indignation and protest in him and in the one with whom he shares his observations and assessments. This is especially important if we are dealing with a person who is internally immature, extremely insecure, and hard to take any criticism. It should be borne in mind that not only those who suffer from "complexes" require careful, tactful handling. Everyone, even a completely self-confident person, needs confirmation of his own importance in the eyes of others. Nothing is so painfully experienced as disrespect for the individual and an insult to self-esteem.
On the contrary, feedback, in which the positive qualities of a person are fixed, has an enormous positive potential.
Only by realizing the positive inclinations inherent in it, believing in the possibility of their development, a person can respect himself and strive for further self-improvement. The expression of a feeling of sympathy, the recognition of the merits and merits of a person, as a rule, evoke in him a reciprocal sympathy, the mood to continue communication, to meet the wishes of the interlocutor. In this case, if we really respect and appreciate the other person, then the expression of such feelings is not only morally justified, but also desirable for both partners.
But if psychological support is provided only in order to obtain a one-sided benefit (it becomes a means of manipulating the consciousness and behavior of another person), then the moral assessment will certainly be negative.
D. Carnegie's advice formulated by him in the book "How to Win Friends and Influence People" received great popularity in our country, as well as in the USA, in the author's homeland. Most of D. Carnegie's recommendations are based on a person's need for self-respect, respect from the interlocutor, attention to his needs.
The end result, for which D. Carnegie proposes to use his recommendations, is to extract the maximum benefit from communication. As the strongest arguments in favor of his advice, D. Carnegie says that with their help you can make a monetary profit, conclude profitable contracts, and make a successful career. Some of our compatriots, having familiarized themselves with the advice of D. Carnegie, did not understand his main idea, believing that they are inapplicable in our society, as they teach hypocrisy and hypocrisy.
This, of course, is not true. By itself, this model does not carry a manipulative coloration. It can also be used for partner interaction, when both parties get a positive effect from communication. Most of the advice is based on common sense. In addition, a vivid form of presentation, many life examples make D. Carnegie's book attractive and useful in many respects.
Another important psychological idea which underlies the strategic model is the idea of the need self-serving, self-presentation. The communication partner acts in accordance with his plans, based on his definition of the situation. In order for communication to proceed according to the desired plan, each of its participants in communication must “submit itself” in accordance with its plan.
We present ourselves consciously or unconsciously, directly or indirectly. For example, we can do this directly, naming when meeting a person our status, country or city where we came from, marital status. Self-presentation can also be carried out indirectly, with the help of hints and statements ("when was the last time I was in Paris ..."), a costume, emphatically elegant or casual, certain manners and attributes.
Self-presentation in professional communication is extremely important.
We should not forget that when choosing a model of behavior, we do not depend so much on ourselves, but on many external circumstances. This does not relieve us of personal responsibility for our behavior.
What are Criterias of choice behavior patterns?
1. Moral impeccability. For all our inclination to a subjective interpretation of morality in society, there are generally accepted approaches to explaining such concepts as honesty, justice and conscience.
2. Compliance with the law and the order established in society. One of the postulates of ancient Roman law read: "Man is a sacred thing." Any attack on him was unacceptable. Since it came from the people themselves, they were ordered to build their relationships in strict accordance with the spirit and letter of the law.
H. Taking into account the specific situation, in which a person acts or finds himself by coincidence.
4. Purpose, which the individual puts forward.
5. Self-critical evaluation own opportunities to use a particular behavior model.
Any copying of someone else's style is very dangerous. So, a person with external flaws cannot imitate beautiful movie characters, famous people - it will look unnatural and ridiculous.
6. Sex related personality. Recommended show the qualities expected from either women or men. So, men appreciate in a woman not only external attractiveness, but also a certain touch of eroticism. Women, knowing such programming of the male psyche, cannot ignore this. In turn, men should not forget that women consider the most attractive qualities in them not only intellectual originality and spiritual nobility, but also purely masculine strength and charm.
Women and men have great opportunities for non-standard choice behavior patterns, bringing their natural charm into communication, but often forget about it.
Women are usually in a more difficult position. After all, many men are reluctant to accept their leadership, are by no means impartial about their professional data. As a rule, in order for a woman to achieve at least half of what men achieve, she needs to know and be able to do twice as much. At the same time, men should be warned against inflated self-esteem. According to management experts, there is a critical shortage of male leaders in the United States today. Other countries are also experiencing it.
The skillful use of criteria for choosing behavior models, along with skillful entry into one's life roles, is one of the most important provisions of imageology.
Date added: 2016-11-02
21. Appearance of a business person
In the modern business world, great importance is attached to the ability and ability of a person to make a good impression. For a business person, it is important how he looks in the eyes of others, what impression he makes on his colleagues and partners, because the efficiency and effectiveness of his activities depend on this, so he strives to create (form) a certain “attractive” image.
An image is a purposefully formed image, with the help of which a person presents himself to the world, a kind of self-presentation form that contributes to the impact on others. This is the art of managing the impression that a person makes on others. On the one hand, we try to give information to others, on the other hand, we pursue some goals.
The concept of image includes not only natural personality traits, but also specially created ones. Many people have an attractive appearance, but, as a rule, people's sympathy is acquired through the ability to present oneself. It is not enough just to have attractive external data, they should also be skillfully disposed of, and their absence does not block the road to creating a favorable personal image. To do this, you only need the desire and ability to best express your strongest personal qualities.
One of the conditions for creating a positive image is knowledge of the rules of etiquette and the ability to behave in accordance with them. Having good communication manners helps a person to achieve their goals. In manners, the image of a person is recreated, those of his qualities that are evaluated by people as positive or negative are visually manifested. A person with good manners is universally respected by both men and women.
The style of thinking and demeanor, as well as the ability to communicate with people, is important. Communication tactics are very important for the image of a business person. It is necessary to have several options for behavior in the same type of situation and be able to quickly use them. In any communication, primarily business, one should not allow any confrontation, and even more so - conflict. Of course, heated debates and differences of opinion are possible, the main thing is that this does not turn into personal hostility. It is very important to understand the motives of your behavior, to determine exactly why you need it, what you want to get as a result.
To create an image, you need to consider that when forming a first impression, the first thing people pay attention to is your appearance and your mannerisms. To create the desired image, it is very important to be able to master and manage your non-verbal language: facial expressions, gaze, gestures, posture, posture, gait, etc. It is necessary to accustom yourself to restraint in expressing emotions through facial expressions and gestures. Remember to smile, because a smiling face always evokes favor. Your posture largely reflects how you feel in a particular situation, and the gestures and postures you take say about your attitude towards this situation or people. You can be tastefully dressed in expensive things and perfectly built, but if you do not know how to stay calm, your posture out of habit represents readiness to defend yourself, and your face is gloomy, then your partner will be uncomfortable in your company.
The appearance of a person and the harmony of all the components of his wardrobe (color, silhouette, fabric and various accessories) are the main component of the image of a business person. Clothing is one of the main conditions for how an opinion will form about you, it carries certain information about a person, and in accordance with it we are correlated with one category or another, social status, economic opportunities and belonging to the professional sphere are determined. Very often, clothing is a kind of calling card; it can have a psychological impact on communication partners, often predetermining their attitude towards each other.
Business style - clothes for work, important meetings and business negotiations. This is a strict, conservative, seasoned style that belongs to the category of international standards. In a business suit, preference is given to classic models of good quality clothing, discreet color combinations, classic shoes. It is better to refrain from using bright, eye-catching color combinations in your business suit, but at the same time, clothes should not be completely black or white.
But when choosing a color, you should take into account the time and place of stay, your occupation. You should not wear too bright things if you have a business meeting.
The colors are mostly monophonic, but there may also be variants of soft stripes in a blue-gray, blue-brown palette, the cell is only medium in size, non-contrasting. Brightly colored clothes can overwhelm a person, especially if they themselves have pale skin. It is possible that, having paid attention to your noisy colors, people will not look at you yourself.
When choosing business attire, stick to neutral colors to suit your color scheme.
Dark neutrals (navy blue, dark grey, brown, black, blue-green) will make you look more significant, while warm neutrals (beige, brown-yellow, light gray) will create a calming feeling.
The most important color is the one closest to the face. Shirts, blouses, ties should be of such shades that suit the complexion, set it off. Usually the color of clothes is selected with the following calculation:
1) shades of blue are most suitable for blondes;
2) brunettes - shades of yellow;
3) white color goes to people with a pink skin tone on the face.
When choosing clothes, a woman must adhere to certain rules:
1) long jackets / jackets in contrasting colors go with short skirts, and short ones go with long skirts. With short stature, the skirt should be of the same color, to the middle of the knee or slightly higher;
2) skirts, slightly flared, trapezoidal cut or straight, made of soft, colored or dense fabric;
3) trousers of straight cut, without cuffs. Vertical or horizontal lines are possible depending on height;
4) blouses with elegant sleeves made of flowing, light, plain fabrics or with a small, elegant pattern;
5) if the budget is limited, keep only one or two in your business wardrobe, but of excellent quality and impeccable cut of the suit, which can be combined with each other;
6) in the clothes of a business woman there should be two, maximum - three objects of the leading tone. If you put on a black suit, it is advisable to wear black shoes with it and there should be some other black item, such as a bag;
7) stockings are simple (thin, transparent, without patterns), harmonizing in color with the skirt. A common mistake is that our business ladies wear sleeveless clothes in summer. Sleeves should cover the shoulders at all times, and they should not be flared or too short. If you chose a skirt or dress, then an indispensable rule of business etiquette is the presence of tights (5-12 DEN). The grossest and most common mistake is their absence in the summer;
8) jewelry: earrings classical style, a wedding ring, a chain with a pendant, a watch is the minimum allowed in a business suit. It is necessary to refrain from bright, large and shiny jewelry. In Europe, it is generally not customary to wear jewelry, especially expensive ones.
It is not necessary, of course, to completely abandon everything feminine. Your colleague or partner must perceive you as a woman (because communication with a man follows one rule, and with a woman - according to others, and this does not mean at all that you are considered as a sexual object), and for this he needs some are external references. It should only be remembered that the business style of communication requires the minimum use of elements of sexual provocation in clothing;
9) tight-fitting knitwear, maxi skirts, items made of fabric with a sheen, or transparent materials are excluded from the business wardrobe. No exposure is allowed: neckline, miniskirt, bold slit, skirt slit, bare shoulders, belly;
10) the best choice of shoes for a business woman is shoes classic colors, i.e. black or dark brown, without frilly decorations, on a medium heel in a fashionable configuration. Shoes must match the color of the suit. If the suit is light, then you can wear light (not white) shoes that are in harmony with the color of the suit, and of the same color and texture as the handbag.
According to the rules of etiquette, summer shoes with an open heel are allowed, but not with open fingers no matter how perfect the pedicure is.
Too defiant makeup is not recommended, but the complete absence of cosmetics on the face is also undesirable. Make-up paints are best used close to natural. Makeup, especially during the day, should not be conspicuous.
The golden rule when using perfume is moderation. When choosing a perfume, it is preferable to smell that suits you personally, even if it is not the most fashionable.
It is very important to be able to correctly determine the style of clothing for different occasions in order, firstly, not to feel insecure, and secondly, not to attract undue attention of others to your appearance. You can have fashionable clothes, but not make a decent impression.
Men can wear any suits of soft colors:
1) a jacket is preferable to a classic "English" one (with two slots at the back). Unlike the "European" (without slots) and "American" (with one slot), it allows its owner not only to stand elegantly, but also to sit elegantly;
2) trousers should be of such length that they go down a little on the shoes in front, and reach the beginning of the heel in the back;
3) a shirt under a jacket is allowed only with long sleeves. Nylon and knitted shirts should not be worn.
The collar should be an inch and a half higher than the collar of the jacket;
4) the vest should not be too short, neither the shirt nor the belt should be visible;
5) the belt, of course, excludes suspenders, and vice versa;
6) socks for a business and festive suit are selected to match, in no case white and long enough.
A man's clothing style affects his success in business contacts, and a properly issued suit helps to create the right working atmosphere.
The art of combining elements of clothing should always take into account color and line. The line is not so much the general silhouette of clothes as the general direction of the lines on a jacket, shirt, tie; on a suit they are arranged either in vertical stripes or in cells. Ties come without a pattern, with an abstract pattern or with a clear direction of the stripes: horizontal, vertical, diagonal.
The main thing is that the lines of the clothing elements do not sharply intersect with each other and do not merge.
Ties with polka dots, rhombuses, triangles, etc. are more suitable for a striped suit with a plain shirt.
The unity of style is most easily achieved by choosing plain elements of clothing. A one-color suit should be the main element of a business man's attire. Such a suit has the ability to go well with solid colors and patterns of other elements of clothing, which simplifies the choice of the right combination: suit - shirt - tie.
The suit can be blue, gray, beige, brown. It goes with any shirt design. If you add a plain tie here, you get a wonderful trio: monotony - pattern - monotony. It must be remembered that the same patterns never combine, they should always be separated by a single-color element, if the combination of a suit and a shirt is pale, then it can be revived with a brighter tie, for example: a gray suit, a blue shirt and a dark red tie.
You can have a couple of good suits and a pair of jackets and trousers, and that will be enough to always look spectacular, as long as you have at least a dozen different shirts and ties in your wardrobe. The combination of shirt and tie changes the overall look of any suit. White and plain shirts go with any suit and tie. The shirt should always be lighter than the suit, and the tie darker than the shirt.
A tie is the main decoration of a man. Looking at a tie, you can accurately assess the taste of its owner. An elegant suit may go unnoticed, a beautiful tie never. The choice of color and pattern of a tie allows you to demonstrate the individuality, and sometimes the mood in which its owner is. Ties of any pattern, color, size look elegant when they are not striking. Each season dictates its fashion for color. It should be remembered that the dominant color of the tie should repeat the color of the suit. The desired effect is achieved not by patterns, but by the correct selection of a tie for a suit. A plain tie goes well with any shirt and any suit, you just need to follow the harmony of color. Avoid black, purple, magenta, overlapping and overlapping patterns, very short or bulky ties. The length of the tie should be such that, when tied, it reaches the belt buckle. A tie with the image of symbols, emblems, newspaper text, etc. is unacceptable for a business suit.
Choose the right hairstyle for your environment and circumstances. The hairstyle does wonders for a human face, it can hide both protruding ears and an irregularly shaped skull. Men with dark hair look more authoritative and can enhance this impression if they wear a suit that matches their hair color and their hair is a little longer than usual. Blond and redheads should not wear clothes that match the color of their hair.
Glasses can greatly affect the overall appearance. If no glasses suit you, wear contact lenses.
The main rule that should be observed when choosing clothes is the appropriateness of time and environment. When developing a style of clothing, it is necessary to take into account your data: age, complexion, position in society.
Skillfully selected clothes and practiced manners of wearing them literally transform a person, making him more attractive and interesting.
Since clothing carries the main flow of information about us, the way you look gives your partners or clients an impression of your company, which is very difficult to change in the future. It is difficult to conduct serious negotiations with a company representative who is dressed casually or showed up to the office in worn-out shoes. And although his clothes may be very expensive, but his slovenliness is subconsciously questionable. Clothing must be neat, clean and ironed.
It is important to take care not only of clothes, but also of yourself. Dirty nails or hair ruin the overall impression, even with very good clothes. Too brightly made up face will reduce the good effect of a skillfully chosen dress. Even a cloud of perfume can break the charm if it trails like a foggy plume. If you take care of yourself, not only do others treat you well, but above all, you yourself feel better and more confident.
Bad taste, excessive extravagance, non-observance of seasonality and simply carelessness - all this is detrimental to the image. The inability to dress crosses out many excellent qualities and creates a false impression of them.
Sometimes flashy clothing is perceived by people as a desire to attract attention in the absence of other ways to achieve this. You need to dress in such a way that you look original and do not cause negative feelings in others. You can create your own unique appearance through the clothes that suit you.
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From the author's bookChapter Twenty How to create your own style, or image of a business person "Who does not know where he is going will be very surprised that he got to the wrong place." (Mark Twain) Every person on earth dreams of something. Someone dreams of traveling around the world, someone dreams of a big and beautiful
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The unity of clothing style is achieved by choosing plain and one-texture elements. One-color suits of brown, blue, beige, gray tones are recommended. One-color shirts and ties harmonize well with them. (“If a man is dressed in a dark blue suit, wears a white shirt and a dark red tie,” writes Molloy, “he has good taste.”)
It is noticed that the combination of brown and blue tones gives the appearance of solidity and authority. It has already been noted that business clothes should not be bright, flashy colors. On the other hand, it is not recommended to wear black suits with a white shirt. The shirt should, as a rule, be lighter than the suit, and the tie lighter than the shirt. As for the fabric pattern (stripe, cage), it should be remembered that the same patterns do not match well if they are nearby. Therefore, it is recommended to separate them with a single-color element. So, a suit and a striped tie can be separated by a plain shirt. If the color, texture and patterns of some of the clothing elements (namely, parts, and not all) match, this creates a special elegance. Here are some recommendations for successful combinations suit, shirt and tie (the basis of the composition is, of course, the suit): a plain suit is combined with a plain shirt and a plain tie, or with a patterned shirt and a plain tie, or with a plain shirt and a patterned tie, or with a pinstriped shirt and any tie; a striped suit does not tolerate plaid shirts. A solid blue or white shirt suits him, or a striped shirt, if the stripes of the suit or shirt do not stand out too much. Stripes on a suit and on a tie should be of different brightness. A plain shirt with a polka-dot tie or other clear, medium-sized geometric shapes is best suited here. The color of clothing should not be either faded (everything in light blue or light gray), or flashy (orange, bright blue, bright green).
The colors of the various elements of clothing (suits, shirts, ties) should be well combined with each other. Let's say dark blue and dark red. The lines of the fabric design should not intersect with each other or merge.
The texture of the material of the clothing elements should be in harmony: it is contraindicated, for example, to combine the matte texture of a suit (flannel, wool) with a shiny silk shirt or tie.
A plaid suit requires only a solid color shirt and a solid color or fuzzy tie. A brown or blue suit, a blue plain shirt and a tie with an abstract blue-brown pattern go well together.
A few words about shirts. Shirts made of cotton or a mixture of cotton and synthetics are best, knitted ones are worse, and silk, shiny or transparent ones are of little use. Preferably white and plain shirts - they are combined with any suit and tie. Under no circumstances should red shirts be worn. It is also recommended to avoid gray, green and yellow shirts (especially if you have a not very healthy complexion). The closer the stripes on the shirt are to each other and the darker they are, the better. Multi-colored stripes should be avoided, especially when the distance between them is large. Avoid shirts with short sleeves - this is undignified (even in New York, where it is much warmer than, say, in St. Petersburg). Shirt pockets should be simple, with no flaps or buttons. Shirts with shoulder straps, frilly buttons and other "excesses" are undesirable.
Separately, about the tie. The length when tied should allow it to reach the belt buckle. Width - match the width of the lapels of the jacket. The best material is silk, wool or cotton. Possible synthetic. It is easiest to pick up a solid color tie. Ties with an abstract pattern require special taste and you need to be careful with them. But what should be categorically avoided in business attire is ties with images of all kinds of symbols, portraits, texts, etc. Short and wide ties with large knots, as well as bow ties, should also be excluded.
In order for clothes to fit well, you need to be able to choose the right one when buying. Here are some helpful tips. Try to come to the store smartly dressed - this will make the seller pay more attention to you. Buy a suit first. When choosing a suit, doubt that there is strength in the material from which it is made. If after that he does not straighten up - look for another. Wool suits work best. A mixture of wool with synthetics and cotton is also suitable. As for denim and corduroy, they are not well suited for a respectable person in a business setting.
Pants should be tried on with the shoes you are going to wear with them. When trying on, transfer from the old trousers to the pockets of the new ones everything that you are going to wear in them - whether this will disfigure their shape. In well-fitting trousers, the palm should pass freely between the belt and the body. The cuffs of the trousers should be parallel to the floor, and the trousers without cuffs should be 1.5 - 2 cm longer in the back.
The jacket should fit well. It's hard to explain what this means, but if he sits badly, then you (and those around you) will immediately feel it. A tight-fitting jacket is allowed only for those who have an athletic figure. The length of the sleeves of the jacket should be 12 cm above the tip of the thumb.
The shirt should be matched to the suit (taking into account the intended tie). It should not gather into folds and form bubbles around the belt, and in no case should it crawl out from under the belt. The collar is the most important thing in a shirt. It should be in size (even after washing), not wrinkle, form a single monolith with a tie knot. The cuffs should protrude from under the sleeves of the jacket by 1 centimeter, fit snugly to the arm, but not interfere if you need to look at the clock.
After purchasing a suit and shirt, you can start choosing a tie. It is recommended to have at least three shirts and two ties with each suit. If you have several suits, there is the possibility of different combinations of shirts and ties - then you will need fewer of them.
The description of the ideal look of a business man would be incomplete without mentioning a number of other items of clothing that should complement the overall picture.
The demi-season coat is solid, rich, monochromatic, preferably one of the shades of beige, the winter coat is brown or blue with expensive fur. The coat can also be made of suede or leather, but preferably not black. The same requirements apply to raincoats. It should be borne in mind that the shorter the man, the longer the coat or raincoat should be. The hat should be without pretentiousness. Shoes - black, brown - without varnish. You should try to avoid high heels or high platforms - they attract too much attention.
Scarf - woolen or silk, combined with clothes. The white color of the scarf is undesirable.
Umbrella - clumsy black with a regular handle.
Gloves - best of brown or gray leather with a thin lining.
Writing pen - preferably with a gold nib.
Socks - above the calves, tightly fitting the leg, dark in color.
Handkerchiefs - cotton, white. Avoid colored handkerchiefs or tie-colored handkerchiefs.
The suitcase-diplomat is best of all dark brown color without metal blotches and decorations.
Wallet - not too stuffed, preferably dark brown leather.
Belt - no conspicuous buckle.
Hours - without pretentiousness; a bracelet or strap should go well with the watch.
It is better to exclude jewelry in the wardrobe altogether (gold cufflinks, pins in a tie, rings are evidence of bad taste). Only a thin wedding ring is allowed. All kinds of chains and medallions are also contraindicated. You should not attach various signs and badges to business clothes, with the exception of the most necessary ones.
Glasses play a significant role in the appearance of a business person. Here are some useful rules related to them:
- - wear glasses if they suit you; if not, choose contact lenses for yourself;
- - heavy plastic or horn frames age;
- - a metal frame is more suitable for young people;
- - young man, striving to seem older and more solid, it is advisable to wear a frame to match the color of the hair;
- - men with a heavy lower jaw go glasses with a heavy frame.
When choosing clothes, be sure to consider such the most important characteristics appearance, like height, fullness, proportions of the figure. It is known, for example, that vertical stripes clothes lengthen the figure, a dark suit hides fullness, a long jacket does not suit someone who has short legs.
very tall and large men, in order not to look too bulky, should dress as modestly and discreetly as possible;
small men, on the contrary, should try to draw attention to themselves with more flashy clothes, heavy-rimmed glasses, even some extravagance.
A few words about hair. First of all, you need to pick it up to your face. This applies to both beards and mustaches. Try several options. Experts say that dark hair gives a man solidity. Therefore, if your hair is dark, you can grow it a little longer and shade it with a suit to match your hair color. Blond and red hair, on the contrary, should not be "advertised" - the more inconspicuous they are, the better.
A beard and mustache make sense only if they improve the appearance, help hide flaws (for example, a frivolous, undistinguished look). The requirements for these forms of "vegetation" must, however, be very strict: they must always be well, tastefully trimmed and combed.
- - a business person should pay considerable attention to clothing - it deserves it;
- - one should constantly closely monitor both the general harmony and the cleanliness and order in clothes and shoes;
- - clothing should be appropriate for the situation: if it is in doubt, it is better to dress more traditionally;
- - strive to dress in the same style as your business partners;
- - do not be slaves of fashion: try to have your face;
- - do not spare money on shirts and ties, as well as on other details of the toilet - everything is important here;
- - avoid taking off your jacket in a public place;
- - avoid green;
- - look less in the mirror in front of people and more - before going to people.
Numerous studies allow us to give several recommendations that help a business woman avoid common mistakes when choosing your clothes:
firstly, one should not imitate men - the only result that is achieved in this case is the loss of femininity;
secondly, you do not need to rely entirely on fashion - it is the same for everyone, and you are the one and only;
thirdly, do not appear at work first in a fashionable thing;
and, finally, fourthly, one should not give clothes a professional touch: serious work and a serious style of clothing are not the same thing.
A dress for a business woman is best to have with a long sleeve. Its color, as shown by psychological experiments, is better dark blue, reddish brown, dark brown, beige, gray, moderately blue, light gray - in a word, various shades blue, brown, gray and beige colors. As for unfortunate colors, these are green, orange, light rusty, bright yellow, purple, pale blue, pink, bright red. It should, apparently, take into account those colors that, as studies of psychologists show, attract or repel men. Attractive: Pale yellow, beige, pale pink, pink, navy blue, black, white, tan, red. Repel: gray, green, bright yellow, orange.
For a business dress, a plain fabric without a pattern is preferable. At the same time, various combinations of stripes and cells are not excluded, especially in gray and gray-blue tones. Various patterns, bright abstract patterns, etc. are not recommended.
Of the materials for the dress, denim and velveteen are undesirable. A dress with a matching jacket looks good. As established by experts, the position of a manager severely limits the ability to wear dresses in bright light colors (even in summer). The ability to wear light-colored clothes, however, gives a suit: light colors are not contraindicated in it.
The suit, according to experts, should occupy a central place in the wardrobe of a business woman. When choosing the color of a suit, you should use the same recommendations as when choosing a dress. The best fabrics for skirts are wool or its substitutes; linen is possible in summer. If you're taking your jacket off at work, a black skirt and a black silk blouse work best. For short, thin women, a checkered woolen suit is suitable.
A sweater for a business woman is contraindicated.
The coat should cover the skirt or dress.
A business woman's raincoat can be of any color, but the best of them is beige.
Stockings should only be worn in natural, flesh-colored colors.
The hairstyle should be in perfect order, medium length hair, styled naturally is preferred. Short haircut "under the boy", hair below the shoulders, curls and ringlets are not suitable. Psychologists say that dark hair in women contributes to business authority, and light hair - popularity. Extravagant colors are undesirable, especially their combinations.
As for cosmetics, it is worth quoting the following frank quote from J. Molloy: “Only circus clowns wear obvious cosmetics. The whole world loves clowns, but no one gives them responsible assignments in the business world.
- - the best cosmetics are those that no one sees (the principle is that the less cosmetics you manage to do, "helping nature", the better);
- - the older the woman, the more acceptable cosmetics for her;
- - do not use bright and unusual colors (for example, lipstick), at least until they have received universal recognition;
- - do not circle the eyes and do not use clearly visible shadows;
- - false eyelashes and long nails - only for actresses;
- - nail polish - colorless;
- - smudges of mascara - the end of a woman's business career;
- - dark eyebrows give an expression of confidence, however, when “processing” the eyebrows, they should not lose their naturalness.
Perfumes are expensive, but their smell should be barely perceptible.
Glasses, if they are properly selected, give the face a businesslike expression, significance and authority. This should be especially taken into account for women of small stature. The frame of the glasses in this case should be horn or plastic. Brunettes should choose frames to match their hair color, blondes, on the contrary, should limit themselves to brown frames. Metal frames are contraindicated for women. If glasses do not fit your face, switch to contact lenses or use glasses only during work. Avoid tinted glasses - they rob you of confidence.
Decorations. Better one good and expensive than several of average value. "But the most important piece of jewelry," says J. Molloy, "is the engagement ring." It is recommended to wear at work and unmarried women. As for the other rings, their maximum number is one.
Learn to keep a businesslike and attractive look under all circumstances, even in the rain or in the wind. As an advice, it is recommended not to use pencil stubs, cheap pens, not to rummage in your purse and have its contents in perfect order.
Nowadays, all kinds of business events held outside one's own institution have become widespread: seminars, conferences, business schools, etc. How should a business woman look on them? Unlike men who can afford some liberties in these cases, a business woman, alas, is deprived of these “little joys”. Clothing here should remain strict, colors should be moderate. "Screaming" fabrics are contraindicated. Pants are not recommended.
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Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF PEOPLE'S ECONOMY AND PUBLIC SERVICEunder the PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
CENTER FOR RETRAINING SPECIALISTS
Department of Taxation and Accounting
CONTROLJOB
by discipline: Ethics business relations
Topic: Appearance of a business person.
Novosibirsk 2013
Introduction
1. Appearance of a business person
2. Suit of a business man
2.1 Jacket, shirt, tie
2.2 Men's shoes
3. Suit of a business woman
4. Accessories
List of used literature
Introduction
The culture of a person is emphasized by his clothes. It is, in a way, a visiting card of a person. Clothing carries information to partners in communication about a person, his tastes, belonging to a particular social or professional stratum.
Tastefully selected clothes, accessories, a neat appearance make him confident, collected, energetic. “The ability to dress is more important than the ability to enter a room or the ability to bow. Nothing is more striking than a person’s clothes,” they instructed in the old days. Looking at an entrepreneur for the first time, they immediately form an impression of him and his well-being. The color of the clothes matters a lot. Exposure to color is a powerful psychological irritant: it can calm down, set up partners in a "businesslike way", in a certain situation it can cause hostility or, on the contrary, positive emotions. Color signals are perceived by partners at a subconscious level. Clothing should correspond to the place, time, nature of the event. It must be worn correctly. The lighter the suit, the better quality it should be.
Purpose: to study the appearance of a business person.
Study the suit of a business man;
business woman suit;
Business man accessories.
1 . business man appearance
The appearance of a business person is the first step to success, because for a potential partner his suit serves as a code indicating the degree of reliability, respectability and success in business.
Only those who are well dressed and combed, who have a sense of taste and proportion, are trustworthy. It can be said that in business, too, people are "greeted by clothes," and only then other qualities are assessed - punctuality, clarity, qualifications, loyalty to the word, etc. That is why there are many requirements for the appearance of a business person, his everyday suit (not to mention solemn occasions).
At the same time, you should not try to suppress your partners with the richness of your appearance, indicating your powerful creditworthiness. In most industrialized countries, heavy gold rings, chains and bracelets, a conspicuous watch, or a garish tie can only cast doubt on your seriousness.
True, there are regions (for example, the Arab East) where it is not only allowed, but even required from a businessman to demonstrate luxury as a clear evidence of his prosperity. Such "signs of success" are monogrammed platinum lighters, watches with diamonds, and cufflinks with precious stones, and super-expensive cars.
2 . business man suit
A business suit is like a business card of a businessman. No business suit - no for the community of business people and the businessman himself.
Both for the first contact and for subsequent business meetings with important domestic and foreign partners, it is worth putting on a carefully cleaned and pressed suit with a light-colored shirt and matching tie.
You should not appear at business meetings in jackets, sports trousers, jeans, as well as in leather jackets, which self-respecting businessmen wear at best for country walks.
However, there are special areas of business where extravagant outfits are allowed as a kind of trademark and sign of belonging to the workshop. For example, the manager of a rock singer or the organizer of a "heavy metal" concert may sport an earring and a ponytail caught in a ribbon. And the art dealer is quite befitting of bohemian colorful jackets and silk neckerchiefs.
Businessmen striving for success pay close attention to the details and meticulously take them into account in their conclusions. For example, a monstrous impression is produced by short, folded socks that reveal the white calves of a businessman when he sits with his legs crossed. Clean and hole-free socks are especially needed in Japan, where you have to take off your shoes when entering a house or restaurant.
A stale handkerchief, a half-torn button, or the habit of wiping glasses with the end of a tie spoil the impression.
We must not forget about shoes - dusty and cracked shoes can spoil the impression of even a quite decent suit. It is necessary to discard the ingenuous domestic habit of complementing a suit jacket with a tie with sandals, from which filament socks peek out, to avoid too odorous colognes and aftershave lotions. And in general, the main thing to strive for is the general impression of neatness, accuracy and even some pedantry in clothes.
2 .1 Jacket, shirt, tie
business suit color accessory
Outwardly, a businessman is easy to distinguish from all other men: he looks confident, stable, dressed quite conservatively. If a rich loafer chooses expensive and elegant clothes with a claim to chic, people of free professions - non-standard, workers - simple and reliable, youth - sports, then a business person is unthinkable without a men's suit, which in its full version consists of a "troika" (jacket, trousers , vest), and in the standard - the same without a vest.
Clothing forms the appearance of a business person. It attracts the attention of people concerned with interpersonal relationships. The main thing in men's clothing is a suit. The most common styles of men's suits are: English; European; modified European; American baggy.
A mandatory accessory for a classic men's suit is a jacket. It must be worn on every visit.
The bottom button of the jacket is never fastened. The rest must be buttoned up in a formal setting - on the podium, at the entrance to any room, etc. You should also dance only in a buttoned jacket. You can unfasten it only if you are sitting at a table or in the auditorium. You can take off your jacket at official events only after the owner, the honored guest - in a word, the first person at the reception, has done it. And if this very first person, despite the sweltering heat, as if nothing had happened, sits in a jacket, those present of a lower rank can only mentally send curses to this chump, immune to heat and other people's problems. Only when visiting close friends, you can take off your jacket, without waiting for the owner to do it. But first you should ask the owner for permission to do this. In late autumn, winter, early spring, in the evening it is better to wear a dark jacket. In the daytime and in summer, a light-colored suit is preferable, in the heat, a cotton one. The suit can be plain, as well as in small stripes or in a cage, but without sharp contrasts. For business negotiations, it is recommended to wear plain suits in gray, dark gray, navy blue or black. The most common in the business world is a two-piece suit, but a three-piece suit is also allowed. The black suit is designed for the most solemn occasions. All other details of clothing are matched to the suit.
The cut of a jacket - double-breasted or single-breasted, with wide or narrow lapels - depends not only on fashion. A single-breasted jacket with two buttons shows the mobility of a businessman, his speed of reaction, dynamism. A double-breasted jacket speaks of the ability to retain achievements, the reasonable distribution of funds or investments, reliability and resilience in any cataclysm. Double-breasted suits are contraindicated for all overweight people, even normal or relatively tall. They make their owners real fat men.
In addition to the width of the smell, jackets are also distinguished by the presence of cuts, which can be two, one or none at all. A jacket without a slot is called European. It looks attractive only on slender men. For fat men and even men of normal build, but with a tummy or wide hips, the European type of jacket is contraindicated. It fits perfectly only on tall and thin people. And that's if they're worth it. You can sit in such a jacket without inconvenience, only by completely unbuttoning it.
The American jacket with one vent is more comfortable when walking, less related to the person's complexion. But it is also not very comfortable: in order to sit down, it must be unfastened. The most reliable in this regard is an English jacket with two slots. Sitting in it is quite easy, because the back of the jacket immediately diverges to the sides and does not interfere with the landing. It may not be fully unfastened. The fact is that it is customary never to thread the bottom button into the loop so as not to interfere with free movement.
The jacket with two slots allows you to get up and sit down easily and freely.
A business man for various events must have at least three suits and 12 cotton shirts of various colors, mostly pastel. They should match the suits in tone. Be sure to have white shirts, but white icy color. A thin stripe or cage is allowed. A motley shirt does not match a suit with a pattern. The darker the suit, the lighter the shirt should be. The perfect shirt for visits of any level, white. But the most harmonious combination and the best shirt do not make a good impression if the shirt is dirty. The freshness of a shirt is its most important characteristic. The sleeve is long. The shirt collar is classic. However, the choice of collar is important for men with a non-standard neck and face shape. For slender men with long, thin necks, tapered collars (with close angles) or long and pointed collars accentuate features that need to be toned down. They look better with wide collars. They sort of widen the neck. Men with a full face and a short neck look more spectacular in shirts with narrow collars. Collars with an eyelet and a high neck are good for men with a medium neck.
On a shirt, as well as on a jacket, elements of a sports or military style are also not allowed - shoulder straps, patch pockets with folds or coquettes. Let's say one patch pocket. Usually on the pocket there is a logo (verbal trademark) of the manufacturer. The short sleeve is a symbol of the lower social stratum of the middle class and therefore cannot evoke feelings of respect and power purely psychologically. Elegant shirts should be without pockets, but if they are, then it is not customary to put anything in them. The corners of the collar with a tied tie should not lag behind, as in cheap shirts. The cuffs of shirts are simple, fastened with a button, and double (French), fastened with cufflinks. Double - give the image a gloss. Due to the width and details of such cuffs, the arms do not seem long.
Particular attention is paid to the tie. A tie is a must-have addition to a plain shirt. With a suit with stripes, plaid, etc. a solid color tie goes well. And with a plain suit - a tie with a pattern, motley. If the shirt is not light-colored, you need to make sure that the tie is combined with its color. Only a plain tie is suitable for a bright shirt with a pattern. In all cases, the tie should be darker than the shirt. The color of a business partner's tie can help determine his character, mood, and position in these negotiations. Bright red ties express expressiveness, some inconsistency. The combination of bright red with yellow is looseness, perseverance in defending one's own point of view. A red drawing on a dark background may indicate self-confidence and determination. Blue, dark brown colors with the addition of red and a little bit of emerald indicate goodwill, readiness to take into account the opinion of the opponent. Gray-pearl colors emphasize the ability to control feelings. Poisonous greens combined with yellows may indicate some alertness. Blue ties radiate serenity. A black braided leather tie indicates a desire to be elegant, attractive. For business negotiations, it is better to choose gray-pearl, blue-red, maroon ties. Graphic ties are recommended. But a bright tie with an avant-garde pattern will create a feeling of emotional pressure among business partners, will annoy and distract them. It is also recommended to use a set of the same color tie and handkerchief (the tip of which looks out of the breast pocket). For an evening dark suit, a silk tie is best suited. A synthetic tie is only worn with a leather jacket. In bow ties appear only at official events. Cloth black tie is appropriate only at funerals and memorial ceremonies. It is not customary to combine a tie with a sports, woolen shirt, with any shirt that is worn loose. The width of the tie should be directly proportional to the size of the jacket, i.e. the wider the shoulders of the person, the wider the tie should be. The tie must not be allowed to hang below the waist. But too short is also unacceptable. It should just not reach the buckle of the trouser belt. And, of course, the tie must be tied neatly and correctly. Thick ties should be re-tied each time.
2 .2 Men's shoes
Not only a tie, but also shoes indicate the social status and luck of a man. Shoes should be expensive, conservative in appearance, with thin soles, black or dark (for a dark suit) and the appropriate shade for a light suit. But above all, shoes should be comfortable.
The suit is elegantly complemented by light laced low shoes made of genuine leather (top, bottom, insoles). With outerwear they wear: black lace-up boots, classic black leather low shoes with laces. Moccasins are possible if they are made of first-class genuine leather and are simple in style. Do not wear shoes with high heels, as well as patent leather. A business man does not wear velor leather shoes. They are not allowed in business. Patent shoes match only the tailcoat and tuxedo.
For cold seasons, you will have to choose winter and autumn shoes, for summer - summer shoes. But in all cases, shoes should look expensive and prestigious. This does not mean that she needs an extravagant style, although today there are very bold decisions in the world of men's shoe fashion. Men's business shoes are simple, that is, they should not have all sorts of inserts of a different color, additional straps, buckles, emblems and other details that are good in youth fashion, but do not match the business style. Shoes should always be immaculately clean both inside and out. During the day, the leg releases 200 ml of sweat. Business man wears thin woolen socks. By absorbing sweat, these socks stay dry to the touch. Socks should be long. In this case, putting one foot on the other, the naked body (erogenous zones) is not visible from under the trousers. It is unacceptable that the bare part of the leg is visible. Long socks add elegance to the leg. Patterned socks are not recommended. The color of the socks creates a transition from the color of the suit to the color of the shoes, combined with them. Dark solid colored socks are preferred. White socks are not allowed. They are worn mainly by athletes. The basic principle of choosing a business suit is simple: men's clothing should fit well and the person should be comfortable in it. So when choosing a business suit, it is recommended not only to put it on and stand in front of the mirror, but also to walk around, sit, even bend down, evaluating the suit not in static, but in motion. At the same time, non-empty pockets should not bulge and protrude.
3 . business woman suit
A woman's desire to be noticeable is her deepest need. The color of the costume can increase or decrease the aura of power and charm of a woman. The requirements for the clothes of a business woman are not much different from the requirements for the clothes of a business man. However, business etiquette allows a woman to deviate from rigid male standards. For a woman - a businessman who wants to succeed, it is very important to remember her appearance.
Business clothes are distinguished by classic cut, discreet colors, and versatility. Sexy chiffon evening gowns and opulent Impressionist-inspired trouser suits are fine for parties and cocktail parties, but wearing them to work spells career failure. A women's business suit can be of traditional colors (red, yellow, brown, green, blue, white, black), almost any color, except for bright shades and sharp contrasting combinations. The best colors for a business dress are navy blue, tan, beige, dark brown, gray, medium blue, light blue, etc.
The black business suit has recently been pushed out. It is suitable for conferences, council meetings and other events that are more solemn than ordinary work activities. All over the world, the main clothing for work is a suit. The dress can be afforded only in the heat and only in one color.
In the wardrobe of a business woman there should be two or three skirts, jackets, two or three blouses. It is advisable to change toilets often, because the same thing worn every day is annoying and "extinguishes" the mood.
It is impossible to shorten the skirt excessively, blindly obeying fashion. Also, you should not wear things that emphasize your attractiveness (tight sweaters, jeans). It may happen that men, instead of listening in business meetings, will consider your merits. In addition, they may get the impression that you are first of all offering to make sure of the beauty of your figure, and not of business qualities.
The clothes of a woman should correspond to the place, time, nature of the event. It must be worn correctly. For example, it is not customary to receive guests or visit guests in evening dresses during the daytime. For this occasion, an elegant dress or dress-suit is suitable, but not a jacket and a skirt. Good taste requires the ability to combine existing clothes. The set can be supplemented with a new skirt, jumper, scarf, scarf.
The skirt is worn with a leather belt, matching the color of the suit. If a woman has a high waist, then the color of the belt is matched to the color of the blouse, if it is low - to the color of the skirt. A business woman should not wear a cheap or ill-fitting jacket. Dropped, shapeless shoulders at work look sluggish and helpless. Therefore, small hangers are used. But at the same time remember that the shoulders narrow the sides. A buttoned jacket should be comfortable and true to size. Its optimal length is not lower than the hips. For women with a high waist, long jackets are recommended, for women with a low waist, short ones.
Blouses should be simple, elegant and look expensive. The complex design of a blouse does not harmonize with a business jacket. Ruffles, lace give femininity. Transparent or tight-fitting blouses are suitable only for a jacket. Summer clothes should be made from natural materials or with a small amount of synthetic or acetate fibers.
Knitted jumpers, vests, etc. are excluded from business attire. A full person looks even fuller in a suit or dress made of transverse striped fabric, with a large pattern, very light. Complete any figure of the skirt in the shape of the letter "A". In wide puffy skirts, tall women do not produce a business look. It is better to wear a long skirt cut along the oblique line. For women, shoes are an essential part of the toilet. The most elegant are boats with closed toe and heel. In business, white shoes are unacceptable. They look cheap and are not a symbol of success. Shoes of ivory color, beige, beige-gray, etc. are desirable. Dark shoes are suitable for dark dresses. Shoes with colored details, "metallic colors", with decorations are unacceptable in the business sphere. Shoes with flared heels, as well as closed shoes, are worn only with trousers. Patent leather shoes are preferred in the evening. In the summer, sandals with an open heel, but with a closed toe, are acceptable. As a rule, stockings and tights are combined with the color of shoes. They don't have to be patterned. Dark-colored shoes and stockings visually reduce the feet.
Hairstyle, makeup, jewelry should organically complement your business suit. The hairstyle should be strict, but at the same time elegant. Decorations should be as small as possible, but at the same time, they should not be abandoned at all. It is better to wear expensive jewelry. Cosmetics should be noticeable only at close range. Experts recommend buying more preventive cosmetics than decorative ones. Perfume should be used in such quantity that its smell is barely noticeable. And, of course, it must be good spirits.
4 . Accessories
A business person always has high quality accessories that he can only afford.
A woman's handbag or case should be made of the best grades of genuine leather, like a briefcase, folder, purse (wallet) - for a man. A portfolio is essential for every successful person. Folders are used only for internal use (meetings, meetings, etc.).
In the business sphere, a woman must definitely wear a watch, otherwise she makes it clear to others that she does not value time. She prefers watches with a clear dial, classic design. They are selected according to the fullness of the wrist. Small watches are small, large ones are heavy and uncomfortable. Electronic clocks, as well as those with a pointer, are inelegant.
Watches are the most important, expensive and prestigious accessory of a business man. In a classic business style, preference is given to elegant mechanical watches with arrows. Quartz watches are more practical and easy to use, but mechanical ones are more prestigious. The image of a man is distorted by watches made of plastic, rubber, with various decorations, emitting ringing, squeaking, with an indistinct dial. Convenient watches, in which the glass is on the same level with the case. The convex glass is exposed to the greatest friction, the dial is darkened. The strap is recommended from calfskin, or imitated crocodile, as well as a metal bracelet. A pocket watch is worn with a tailcoat. In the business world, it is customary to wear jewelry in gold, silver, pearl, or a combination of both. Jewelry with precious stones is worn only in the evening. Rings should be in harmony with the toilet and the appearance of the owner. They are usually worn on the ring finger. It is undesirable to wear small rings, as they cut into the finger, leaving a deep mark that remains for a long time, even if such rings are no longer worn. A ring worn on the little finger shortens and widens the hand. Significantly emphasize the width of the hand, small elegant rings. The ring on the index finger is a sign of bad taste. The grace of the hand emphasizes a small stone in a thin frame, a large one always emphasizes only its own beauty. Any rings look good on a narrow hand with long fingers. On such a hand, a ring with a stone in a convex setting looks beautiful even on the middle finger. Rings with stones of saturated colors are suitable for all hands, and soft, transparent ones are for dark-skinned ones. Jewelry on men has a deterrent effect on customers. It is allowed to wear two rings: a wedding ring and a signet. Preference is given to jewelry made from the most "masculine" precious metal - platinum. Cufflinks in a men's suit should be gold, silver, mother-of-pearl, possibly with natural stones of a delicate color such as "Onyx". Artificial materials are not acceptable. It is desirable that the cufflinks are combined with a tie clip. The frame of glasses should not exactly copy the shape of the face, but only preserve its line. The upper part of the frame should be in line with the eyebrows, and the eyes should be located in the middle of the glasses. The frame should not be wider than the face and below the middle of the cheeks, that is, below the level of the nostrils, so as not to distort the shape of the face. It is good when the frame of glasses is in harmony with the color of hair, eyebrows, clothes. To dark hair, dark eyebrows choose a dark frame. But remember that a heavy dark frame enlarges the nose. A metal or softly tinted plastic frame is suitable for blond hair. The handle of a business man, as well as women, pay attention no less than to other accessories. Along with a Swiss watch and elegant glasses, a good pen is one of the things that can reveal the true social status of its owner. Among the prestigious firms that produce expensive fountain pens, the most popular in Russia are Parker, Sheatter, Mont Blanc and Cross.
List of used literature
1. Bazhenova E. "Business etiquette: why you need to behave this way and not otherwise."
2. Kuznetsov I.N., Business communication. Business etiquette: Proc. manual for university students - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2005. - 431 p.
3. Revyako T.I. 30 main rules of business etiquette. M.:AST.; Mn.: Harvest; 2005. -96s.
4. Solonitsyna A.A., Professional ethics and etiquette. Textbook. - Vladivostok. - Publishing house Dalnevost. un-ta, 2005.- 200 p.
5. Chernoskutov V.E., Parfenova I.Yu., Stupak I.M., Ethics of business relations, 2009
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