Decorative coatings - properties and features. classification, nuances and subtleties of choice. how to choose the texture and color? Colored plaster. Categories of decorative compositions and types of colored plasters. Preparing the wall for leveling, applying the base coat
And for outdoor work today, a variety of plaster mixes are used. At the same time, they are conditionally divided into two large groups: leveling and decorative. And if the first ones are applied for painting or finishing, then the second ones themselves provide the building with an attractive appearance. It is on decorative plasters, or rather, on colored finishing mixtures, that we will stop.
Varieties of color mixtures
Categories of decorative compositions
The compositions used to decorate the facades and interior walls of the room can be divided into two categories:
- Some give the surface shape due to the texture of the solution itself. Hardening, the plaster forms bumps, protrusions and depressions, which look much more advantageous than smooth Smooth surface. At the same time, the color of the polymerized substance remains practically unchanged, so such materials often require tinting or full coloring.
- Others provide not only leveling and texturing, but also surface coloring. This is ensured by pigments, which are introduced into the composition of the binder, as well as special colored fillers. Unlike the previous category, colored plasters do not require additional staining.
Note! The exception is surface tinting or shedding with liquid pigments. In this case, plaster is used as a base color, on which translucent paints of a different shade are applied.
Types of colored plasters
Actually color mixtures for outdoor and there are several types:
- Lime-sand composition- the cheapest and most affordable. Lime dough with pigments acts as a base, and quartz sand, which has undergone preliminary sifting and grain calibration, is used for filling. Due to this, after solidification, a relatively flat surface is formed, imitating a sandstone slab.
- The disadvantages of this composition include low strength and a tendency to fade. If you do not take measures for additional protection, then after a few years the colors lose their brightness.
- Terrasite composition includes a filling of crushed minerals. Due to this, after application, polymerization and special processing a colored surface with a coarse and medium-grained texture is formed. Due to the high content of mineral fillers, the strength of the finish increases, which makes terrazite mixtures preferable for facades.
- stone colored plaster mix is one of the most difficult to apply with your own hands. After the binder hardens, the mineral grains big size processed with a percussion instrument, forming a texture.
Note! A mandatory step in the processing of the stone composition is etching with hydrochloric acid (10%). During the etching process, the base is partially discolored, so the composition must be selected a few tones darker than necessary.
- Sgraffito is another multi-component colored plaster. It includes several multicolored layers, which are applied to the base alternately. When all the layers have hardened, they are scratched with a special tool, forming an ornament or pattern from several color layers.
As you can see, for internal works and design of facades, you can use a variety of pigment compositions. However, we still recommend that a novice master choose a lime-sand mixture with the addition of tinting components. It is applied quite simply, and the result provides quite acceptable.
Finishing technology
Preparing the wall for leveling
Since the price of color compounds is significantly higher than that of conventional leveling compounds, they are tried to be applied as thinly as possible. For this reason, to decorate the wall, you must first prepare it by leveling it.
For this:
- Removing from the surface old finish: wallpaper, sheathing, putty, weak plaster layer.
- Strongly holding plaster can be left, but in this case it should be processed with a chisel or ax, causing several dozen notches per square meter.
Advice! oil paint should also be removed. If the removal is associated with high labor costs (i.e. the paint layer is very strong), then we proceed in the same way as with the plaster layer.
- The cleaned surface is dedusted and primed.
- On the walls we install alkali-resistant plaster mesh fiberglass based. To fix the mesh, we use a leveling mortar or metal dowels.
- We mount special overlays on the corners of the building.
Applying the base coat
For this:
- Cooking lime or cement plaster mortar. We use sand as a filler. To ensure adhesion, it is necessary that the composition of the material contains at least 40% of sand grains ranging in size from 0.8 to 1.2 mm, and at least 10% of grains with a diameter of up to 2.5 mm.
- If the composition is used to level the surface industrial production, then we select it in such a way that the strength of the base under decorative layer was greater than or equal to the strength of the colored material.
- We install beacons made of galvanized steel on the walls. Using the rule, we align the plaster mortar thrown on the wall along the beacons.
- Smooth the surface with . If necessary, we carry out a rough grout using a coarse abrasive mesh.
Note! In some cases, experts recommend applying another layer on top of the leveling layer - the base one. However, this should only be done on old brick walls With big amount irregularities.
- After application, the surface must be dried thoroughly. It is possible to apply the color composition only on a dry and dust-free surface.
- Also for best result it is recommended to treat the walls with a penetrating primer. This is done in order to guarantee uniform water absorption, otherwise the color may lose its attractiveness over time: some areas will dry faster, and some will still retain moisture.
Decorative plastering
The decorative composition is applied 7-10 days after the walls are leveled:
- The first pass is made using a sufficiently liquid composition. It should be applied with a thickness of no more than 3 mm, since it plays the role of a link between the main and decorative layers.
- After the material has dried, we proceed to the actual design of the wall. Using a solution of normal density, we process all surfaces with a spatula. If further decoration is not planned, then smooth the plaster as evenly as possible.
- In the event that, in addition to color, we plan to also apply texture, it is worth bringing an assistant to work. So we can start processing the applied layer immediately, without waiting for it to dry. At the same time, we will not form seams between the plastered areas, which will have a positive effect on strength.
- We apply the texture to the painted layer with a spatula, trowel, sponge, knife, etc. After registration, we try not to touch the wall, so that it is more convenient to work, moving from top to bottom.
Note! Then textured facade or inner wall can be further tinted. To do this, with an almost dry brush, we draw along the protruding parts of the relief. This is how we form the second layer of color and give the finish the necessary depth.
- If we need a smooth surface, then after application we thoroughly dry the material, and then grind it with a grater with an abrasive pad. At the same time, we make sure that the grater does not leave streaks, since they are very noticeable on the painted surface.
Conclusion
Decorative plaster mixture with a tinting component may have a different structure. However, the most popular are cheap and easy-to-apply lime-sand compositions.
They can be used for both internal and external processing of buildings, and almost everyone can master the technology. So if you read the tips above and carefully study the video in this article, you can very well make the walls of your house sparkle with new bright colors.
Choosing a color scheme for decoration can be the easiest thing to do in a room design. You just need to go to your local hardware store. Whatever room you are going to decorate - bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, there will be a row of shelving with perfectly matched combinations of wall decoration options, paints, fabrics, wallpaper, accessories. You can buy everything at once necessary elements for design. If you want something more special and unique, then you will have to do a little research in this matter. Don't worry, it's worth it.
Source of inspiration
First of all, you need a starting point. Those decorative plaster colors, from which it will be possible to repel. For example, the color of a golden sunset. Perhaps you have a bright tablecloth, a certain photo or painting that you want to take away in the room. central location. Whatever it is, choose the color you like and start developing the rest of the design from there. It does not have to be a common color, but it should set the direction for all further design.
Of course, inspiration may not visit you from the contemplation of the selected object. Then try to think a little about the color scheme. There's a lot of talk going on now, like the color Venetian plaster affects the creation of different moods. So what do you want to feel when you are in this room? Maybe you want to use calm blue, happy orange, peaceful green, vibrant red, or harmonious yellow? Of course, all these colors have less positive sides. Blue can cause sadness, while red can look hostile. Whether it's true or not, these points don't really matter in a broad sense. What matters is your reaction to the chosen shade and your feelings. It's only your room and your choice.
Color circle
Once you've chosen your primary color, you need to expand the color spectrum. The design in your room should look harmonious, so all shades should blend well. They should complement each other and create a pleasant overall effect. The easiest way to design is to use the color wheel.You've probably already seen the circle of rainbow colors. Each color is separate part circle like a slice of cake, and the closer to the center of the cake, the stronger the tone of the color and its strength. Pale colors are on the outer edge of the circle, and darker colors are in the middle.
Three common options
Once you have chosen the first color, there are three ways to determine the next colors.Tonal color scheme
With this method, all the design textured plaster performed in one color, but can be used various shades to create a play of light. The tonal scheme will look a bit more varied if the design uses patterned fabrics and different textures to create visual interest.
Harmonious color scheme
Colors harmonize with those next to them on the color wheel. Subsequently, whichever color you choose, look at the ones on either side of it. Usually, for balance, you should choose a color from the side or the same distance from the center.
Complementary color scheme
Two colors on a circle opposite each other are called complementary. This allows you to select harmonious contrast solutions that look great. For example, blue and orange, green and red. It's a bold move, but one you can use to your advantage.
Additional factors
There are factors that will also influence your color scheme. For example, this is the size of the room. If use dark colors in a small room, then the feeling of tightness will be part of your further mood. You also need to choose the right lighting, it can change the perception of the color of the ceiling, walls and floor. Therefore, when you select colors, first paint pieces of cardboard in them, and then attach them to surfaces and see how they look in different lighting conditions.Finally, it should be noted that people perceive colors differently. The color of an object is the result of the perception of light reflected from it. This is a physical response to light, and your brain interprets this response. In other words, it's pretty subjective. We see colors differently, that's why though color circles, displayed in store windows and designed by experts, are suitable for design development, however, the final choice regarding the color scheme is up to you.
How to make an outdoor interior decoration apartments, houses or offices of a spectacular, unlike anything else, while keeping within short time And without big material costs? Using various types of decorative plaster for interior ceilings and walls for various purposes, you can solve this problem most effectively. This type of finish allows you to create textures that successfully imitate natural materials which makes the atmosphere even warmer and more natural.
Reasons for the popularity of decorative plaster
Today, decorative plaster for walls and ceilings is the most demanded material used in repair and decoration. With its help, you can create various decorative relief coatings, artistic combinations that completely transform the interior. Being a natural, environmentally friendly material, decorative plaster keeps long time, easy to clean and wash.
What is decorative plaster, types of plaster
By appearance decorative plaster resembles a heterogeneous mass, with its help you can give the coating the desired shape, or make this coating embossed. Decorative plaster is often used to give the wall a unique look. But, in some way, it can play the role of a heater - in this case, the plaster is called coating. These two types of plaster should not be confused, as they differ in their functional purpose and use.
The composition of decorative plaster
The composition of the plaster is quite diverse. The following can be used as a basis for them: cotton fibers, acrylic resins, lime. Composition types of decorative plaster can be one-color, mother-of-pearl, tinted in different shades, contain inclusions of monophonic or multi-colored small particles, silver and gold fibers.
Specialists are constantly working on improving the composition and texture of plasters. Therefore, they can be used to simulate many types of surfaces. For example, it is possible to achieve that the treated surface looks like a solid or colored mineral, patina, velvet, moire or denim.
How to choose the texture of decorative plaster
The texture of decorative plasters can be embossed or smooth. It depends on the composition of the plaster, the number of layers and the method of application. Relief plaster allows you to hide small defects and uneven walls, as well as to create unusual textures that repeat the bark of a tree, a sandy wavy surface, clouds, leather texture, various volumetric patterns. With the help of a smooth plaster texture, you can give the surface elegant look and imitate expensive materials and fabrics - marble, drapery with silk or satin, velvet. There are such varieties of plaster as creating similar effects.
Drawings and textures on the walls and ceiling are created using special tools and application techniques, in addition, cellulose or silk fiber, marble chips, mica are often added to the plaster mixture - this provides a more interesting and original texture of the resulting wall or ceiling decor. This kind of finish easily allows you to create interior design in different styles- from vintage, retro and, to modern or different oriental styles.
An important role in creating drawings on the walls with the help of decorative plaster is played by skill, a sense of style and taste of the author of the work, the method of applying the finishing mass and even the pressure.
Color palette different types decorative plasters is extremely diverse. To give it the necessary color, blotches of color pigments are added to the composition, different fillers necessary coloring, mother-of-pearl, crumb. The right combination color additives helps to create an exceptionally original palette - watercolor, granite or marble surface, mother-of-pearl overflows.
Sometimes the plaster is painted after application, or ready-made acrylic, silicate or silicone plasters are used. This option does not exclude the possibility of repainting the ceiling or walls as needed or, if desired, changing the color scheme of the interior.
On what surface can decorative plaster be applied?
Almost any of the most common types of surfaces can serve as the basis for applying decorative plaster: metal, wood, concrete,. In addition, many textured coatings can hide defects in the surface of the base: small irregularities, shortcomings that are present in the previously applied coating.
Demand decorative plasters is constantly growing, in particular, due to the presence of magnificent decorative and operational properties, richness of colors, stylistic variety of textures and patterns, as well as a variety of ways to apply this material.
