What to make an infiltrator for a septic tank. Infiltrators for septic tanks: effect and quality of work. Structural features of the PF
The degree of purification of sewage waste by anaerobic septic tanks is usually 70-75%. According to current standards, this is not enough for the final discharge of water into the ground, a reservoir or use as industrial water.
In this case, there are 2 options: the construction of a storage well or the arrangement of infiltrators. Recently, preference has been given to installing an infiltrator, as it has a number of advantages.
The replacement of traditional with modern local treatment plants (VOCs) is due to their practicality. The design of septic tanks allows you to treat wastewater for quite a high level.
After that, the clarified liquid is discharged by gravity or forcibly through the outlet pipe. But it still contains a certain amount of harmful elements, undecomposed organic matter.
Infiltrators are installed to improve water purity.
Photo: infiltrator is a soil treatment device
The infiltrator is common name soil treatment devices, which can be made of various materials, but have general principle work.
Structurally, a typical model is a container with an inlet pipe, an overflow pipe (when several units are connected in series) and a ventilation pipe.
In order for wastewater to be directed only to the lower layers of the soil, the infiltrator has a sealed cover. In fact, it is the body of the device. For optimal post-treatment, a filter layer of sand and gravel is made under the structure.
Installation advantages:
- their functions include complete post-treatment and disposal of waste masses - up to 98%;
- affordable cost. Even the total price of an anaerobic septic tank and infiltrators will be significantly less than the cost of a deep station biological treatment;
- They operate on a "set it and forget it" principle. They do not need to be pumped out with a sewer, the walls are cleaned with the help of incoming clarified water.
However, along with this, for installation, it is required to allocate additional space in the adjacent area.
When choosing one or another model of infiltrator Special attention should be given to the design and material of its manufacture.
Due to the fact that during the operation of the structure it is almost impossible to visually control its condition, initially the structure must meet the following conditions:
- mechanical strength of the case. In addition to the external pressure of the soil, it must withstand the loads when it is completely filled with sewage;
- the material is not exposed to corrosive processes and is completely inert when exposed to biological and household chemicals.
Based on these conditions, many manufacturers have chosen polymer, cross-linked polyethylene, as the main material for manufacturing.
Photo: plastic infiltrators Important! At the same time, stiffening ribs are provided in the design to maintain shape under the influence of internal and external pressure.
But before proceeding with the selection and installation, it is necessary to know the features of the device of infiltrators and their scheme of operation.
Device and circuit
As mentioned above, main task infiltrator is to provide soil post-treatment of clarified sewage water. But why not install simpler aeration fields instead?
The main difference between the two systems is the required installation area. Due to the design of the infiltrator and the principle of its operation, much less space is required to organize soil cleaning.
Photo: filtration fields 
Photo: dimensions Often equipped with such an additional cleaning system.
Photo: installed septic tank with biofilter The work of the infiltrator consists of the following steps:
- clarified liquid through the pipeline enters the tank;
- due to the fact that the structure is ventilated (with the help of a pipe brought to the surface air enters it) the process of nitrification - oxidation takes place in it organic matter and decomposing them into components;
- as it passes through the lower filtration layer, additional cleaning is performed - denitrification;
- if the maximum burst discharge exceeds the volume of the infiltrator, then pre-install additional containers connected in series. As soon as the first of them in this chain is filled, then with the help of an overflow pipe, the excess enters the next one, and so on.
Thus, the clarified liquid from the septic tank, which has a maximum percentage of purification of about 70%, completely gets rid of harmful impurities, and organic compounds decompose during oxidative processes.
The main characteristic of the infiltrator is its volume and installation area. The maximum volley discharge and the rate of soaking of purified water into the soil will depend on these parameters.
To select a design according to the characteristics described above, it is also necessary to take into account the following data:
- technical data of the septic tank. First of all, this refers to the volume of salvo discharge. In this case, the probability of exceeding it should be taken into account. Those. the actual capacity of all infiltrators in the post-treatment system should be at least 3 times greater than the performance of the septic tank;
- soil parameters. Depending on the composition of the soil, the rate of penetration of moisture into the soil is different. For loam, it is much lower than for sandy. Therefore, it is recommended to make a preliminary calculation of this characteristic.
After being chosen optimal model, you can proceed with the installation.
DIY installation
The advantage of the infiltrator is also the possibility of its installation after the installation of the septic tank. But manufacturers recommend doing it simultaneously with the installation of VOCs.
Before starting work, a place is selected where it will be installed (if it is not already standing) and a diversion is planned land plot for installation of infiltrators.
Photo: a place to install a septic tank Important! Despite the fact that the water will go into the ground purified, it is recommended to install it at a distance of at least 5 m from the house and 30 from open water intake places - a well, a pond, etc.
After that, you can start installation work. They are carried out in several stages.
Digging a pit
The main parameter will be its depth. It directly depends on - the infiltrator must be installed above the average annual horizon of their rise.
Photo: pit for mounting the infiltrator The overall dimensions of the pit should be 40-50 cm larger than the structure. This is necessary for backfilling the filter pad. Its area must also be more sizes infiltrator.
Formation of a filtration layer
A mixture of crushed stone and sand serves as a natural filter. Crushed stone should be of medium fraction, and sand should be fine-grained. Previously, geotextiles are laid at the bottom of the pit.
Photo: crushed stone filtration layer It will perform 2 functions - to maintain the integrity of the filter from crushed stone and sand. Also, its structure prevents the passage of biological elements, which may remain in the composition of wastewater afterward, into the lateral parts of the soil, bypassing filtration.
Geotextile is laid only in the side of the pit and on top of the infiltrator.
Photo: geotextile laying The thickness is determined by the hygroscopicity of the soil - the rate of passage of water through its layers. But it cannot be less than 400 mm.
The final stage is the leveling of the layer in compliance with the level.
Photo: bedding leveling Installation of the infiltrator
The design can be installed independently, without special equipment. Weight middle model is from 15 to 20 kg.
Photo: moving the filter into the pit Important! After the body has become prepared sand cushion you need to check the installation level. Next, all inlet and outlet pipes are connected, an air exchange pipe is installed.
Photo: all inlet and outlet pipes are connected After checking the tightness of the joints, the pit is completely covered with sand. It is noteworthy that the infiltrator does not need to be additionally fixed.
In most cases, the installation depth is more than 1 m, so upper layer backfill will reliably protect the structure from “floating” to the surface.
Exists alternative way installation of an infiltrator together with a storage well.
Photo: installation of an infiltrator together with a storage well In the lower part of the drainage bed, special plastic pipes with holes - drains. They are connected to the storage well with observance of the angle of inclination to it.
After cleaning, the water does not go into the lower layers of the soil, but, concentrating in the pipes, enters the storage tank, from where it is pumped out using a drainage pump.
A similar installation scheme is used for dense soil layers with a high clay content. If such an installation is not made, then the volume of water absorption by the soil will be much less than its mass arriving from the septic tank, which can lead to filling the infiltrator and backflow of water into the VOC.
After completing these procedures, you can proceed directly to operation.
Maintenance of the structure consists in periodically checking the air exchange pipes - checking their condition and degree of contamination.
Infiltrator for septic tank Tank
The Triton-Plastic company is a manufacturer of well-known anaerobic septic tanks of the Tan and Triton brands. Thanks to own production plastic products, she started first on Russian market release infiltrators as an additional option for a septic tank.
Photo: infiltrator for a septic tank Tank At present, it is possible to purchase the Triton 400 infiltrator with the following technical parameters:
- dimensions - 1800 * 800 * 400;
- wall thickness - 10 mm;
- construction volume - 400 l;
- weight without connected pipes - 15 kg.
Depending on the model of the septic tank and the composition of the soil, a certain number of infiltrators is installed.
Photo: recommendations for selecting the number of Triton 400 infiltrators Purchase Price
The cost varies depending on the manufacturer. In this category, 2 main groups can be distinguished - domestic and foreign.
The advantages of using infiltrators are obvious. small and inexpensive design together with a septic tank, it will be able to provide high-quality cleaning of sewer waste. At the same time, their maintenance is minimal, and the installation can be done independently.
The suburban sewerage system has some features that affect sanitary condition the entire land area. The efficiency of sewage filtration depends on the design of autonomous treatment facilities.
As the last stage of purification, a filtration field for a septic tank is often used, which is necessary for the purification of the liquid. We will find out how to correctly make calculations and build a field with our own hands.
Without the main part that performs the initial processing of sewage waste, that is, a septic tank, the filtration field is not used, since its purpose is the post-treatment of an already purified liquid. To make it clearer, let's look at how LOS works.
The cleaning process begins in the reservoir, where sewage is divided into different fractions: solid mineral waste precipitates, fat floats and forms a film, some substances remain in the water in the form of suspension. If the air supply is not provided, the process of decomposition of some part of the waste occurs due to the vital activity of anaerobic bacteria.
Scheme sewer system, consisting of internal sewerage, a two-chamber septic tank with air supply (accumulator + aerobic compartment), a collector and a filtration field
Further, the liquid flows into the next compartment, equipped with ventilation, where aerobic microorganisms are involved in the processing of wastewater. They form activated sludge, which can later be used as fertilizer. The result of two-stage cleaning is slightly cloudy liquid not yet usable.
It turns into technical water or simply enters the ground (ditch, reservoir) after passing through the post-treatment, which is performed in the following way:
- on the filtration field;
- in the infiltrator;
- directly in the ground;
- in the filter well.
A typical multi-stage system, which has dozens of options, is good because it effectively cleans sewer waste, minimizes cooperation with vacuum trucks and saves clean environment personal plot. And now let's dwell on the design of the filtering field in more detail.
Structural features of the PF
The filtration field is a relatively large piece of land on which the secondary purification of the liquid takes place.
This cleaning method is exclusively biological, natural in nature, and its value is in saving money (no need to buy additional devices or filters).
The size of the PF depends on the area of the free territory and landscape features garden plot. If there is not enough space, instead of PF, an absorbing well is arranged, which also filters the liquid before it enters the ground
A typical filtration field device is a system of parallel stacked drainage pipes(drains), which depart from the collector and are placed at regular intervals in ditches with a thick sand and gravel layer.
Previously, asbestos-cement pipes were used, now there is a more reliable and economical option- plastic drains. Required condition- the presence of ventilation (vertically installed risers that provide oxygen access to the pipes).
The design of the system is aimed at ensuring that the liquid is evenly distributed over the allocated area and has the maximum degree of purification, so there are several important points:
- distance between drains - 1.5 m;
- length of drainage pipes - no more than 20 m;
- pipe diameter - 0.11 m;
- intervals between ventilation risers - no more than 4 m;
- the height of the risers above ground level is not less than 0.5 m.
In order for the natural movement of the liquid to take place, the pipes have a slope of 2 cm / m. Each drain is surrounded by a filtering "cushion" of sand and pebbles (crushed stone, gravel), and is also protected from the ground by a geotextile.
One of complex options devices: after cleaning in the filtration field, water enters the storage well, from where it is pumped out using a pump. Its further path is to a pond or ditch, as well as to the surface - for irrigation and technical needs.
There is one condition, without which the installation of a septic tank with a filtration field is impractical. Special permeability properties of the soil are required, that is, on loose coarse and fine clastic soils that do not have a connection between particles, it is possible to build a post-treatment system, and dense clay soils, the particles of which are connected in a consolidated manner, are not suitable for this.
Typical device diagram
Whatever the general dimensions of the filtration field, its design consists of the following parts:
- collector (control well, distribution well);
- networks of plastic drains (drainage pipes with holes);
- ventilation risers;
- filter pad.
Traditionally drainage layer poured from sand and gravel (crushed stone, pebbles). Geotextiles are used to protect drains. The sewer system with PF looks like this:
Pay attention to the thickness of the drainage pad. The minimum indicator is considered to be a total thickness of 1 m, in this scheme it is more: crushed stone - 0.3-0.4 m, sand - 0.8-1 m
When building a filtration field with your own hands, it is not necessary to build a collector yourself - on sale you can find plastic sewer containers of the required volume.
Often they do without a distribution well, directly connecting the septic tank and the pipe system - but this is convenient for small PFs.
Diagram of a filtration field with an area of 4 m x 3.75 m. The distance between the drains is 1.5 m, each drainage pipe is equipped with a ventilation riser. As an underground filter - a "cushion" of sand and gravel with a layer of geotextile
Sometimes, instead of PF, ready-made plastic devices - infiltrators - are used. They help out when there is a shortage of free space, and the soil does not have layers of loam with sandy loam and has sufficient throughput properties.
If desired, you can install several infiltrators connected by pipes in series.
Scheme of a local sewer system with an infiltrator. It is not recommended to break flower beds on the filtration fields, since root system can damage pipes. For the infiltrator, on the contrary, flower decor is the most acceptable option.
Filter field design
Drawing up a project is an obligatory stage before any serious construction. It is necessary to accurately markup, make calculations, knock out estimates, prepare materials, take into account all the nuances.
A professionally designed project will save you from the mistakes that are common to inexperienced beginners.
How to choose a scheme and choose a place?
The choice of scheme depends on three factors:
- type of septic tank;
- availability of free territory;
- cleaning requirements.
The fact is that the degree of purification for different septic tanks is different. For example, biological treatment plants (, Astra, Eurobion) do not need a filtration field at all: 98% purified water immediately enters a drainage trench or reservoir.
Septic tanks built independently from concrete rings, bricks or tires, on the contrary, are not effective treatment facilities in themselves, so the liquid coming out of them requires additional post-treatment.
As a rule, all sewerage elements are located in one line, that is, they are lined up alternately in the same direction from the house - first a septic tank, then a filtration field.
Septic tank scheme of 3 chambers (sump + anaerobic treatment chamber + storage well), built of concrete rings with a filtration field equipped with a ventilation system
This means that when installing a septic tank, it must be borne in mind that part of the free territory behind it will be required for the construction of a PF (or, at least, the installation of an infiltrator).
With volumetric discharge of wastewater, the principle works: the more “branched” and longer the network of drainage pipes, the more effective the treatment.
It is worth initially paying attention to the specifics of the device filtering fields:
Image gallery
The device of the filtration field is possible only in soils with high filtration capacity, which include sands of various sizes, gravel, crushed stone and pebble deposits
The depth of the field drainage pipes is on average 0.8 - 1.0 m. Moreover, there should be at least 1 m between the roof of the water-saturated horizon and the conditional bottom of the soil post-treatment system
The organization of the filtration field requires the allocation of a fairly large piece of land that is not stuck and is not used in agriculture
It is undesirable to have a large number of turns in the soil filtration system, each of which is a potential danger for blockages.
Optimal enclosing soils
Pit with a constructed filtration field
Area allotted for the filtration field
Soil filtration system with turns
Calculations of dimensions and budgeting
The table will help you calculate the filter field.
Suppose the volume of your septic tank is 8 m³, and the composition of the soil is coarse-grained homogeneous sand. Therefore, to effectively clean the liquid from the septic tank, you will need at least 4 m of perforated pipes (or 2 pipes of 2 m each)
But these are approximate calculations. There are tables that allow you to more accurately determine the size of the "working" area. They are based on taking into account such a quality as the permeability of soils.
Here is a variant of such a table, which can be useful to owners of suburban areas with clay or sandy soils.
According to the table, it can be concluded that areas with clay soils are not suitable for filtration fields, and sandy areas with medium-grained and coarse-grained sand are the most suitable
Peat indicators correspond to data on silty sand, and pebbles and gravel have the maximum water permeability: their filtration coefficient is 100-200 m / day. Doesn't exist for them allowable norms load, since such a loose composition is able to pass any volume of liquid.
PF installation instructions
In addition to the materials listed, you will need a tool for excavation (shovels, buckets, wheelbarrows). Drainage trenches are not as deep as a septic tank pit, so construction equipment may not be involved. However, a few pairs of working hands will speed up the process.
The cycle of works on the device of the filtration field can be conditionally divided into a number of standard stages:
Image gallery
For the device of the filtration field, we develop a pit, the bottom of which is covered with crushed stone to improve filtration. We lay drains on top - perforated pipes through which treated wastewater will flow into the ground
We bring a sewer pipeline to the pit with drains laid on the bottom, leaving the septic tank under a slope for the natural movement of effluents
We connect the drains to the sewer pipeline. On the opposite edge of the perforated pipes we put ventilation risers
After checking the operation of the system, i.e. after filling with water and monitoring the work, we fill the filtration field with soil dumped during development
Stage 1: Laying drainage pipes at the bottom of the pit
Stage 2: Connecting the sewer pipeline to the system
Stage 3: Assembly and installation of ventilation risers
Stage 4: Filling the pit with soil
Stage number 1 - trenching
At the first stage, it is necessary to prepare a place for laying perforated pipes. There are two ways: you can dig one large pit, and then it will be more convenient to arrange drainage and assemble a pipe structure, or you can make several trenches (according to the number of drains), which will significantly reduce construction time.
The depth of the pit should be such that the liquid in the pipes does not freeze during the cold season, that is, an extensive pipe system must be placed below the freezing level of the soil. When arranging ditches, you need to remember about a slight slope that allows the liquid to move naturally - by gravity. The slope is 1.5-2 cm / meter of pipe.
The drainage structure usually consists of 2-3 or more branches. This is due to the fact that the length of one branch should not exceed 20 m, and 20 m is clearly not enough to ensure the filtration of the entire volume of water.
During the construction of the PF adhere to strict geometry. The pit, as a rule, has a square or rectangular shape, and the trenches are the same in length. Suppose you need a total pipe length of 60 m - you can make 4 branches of 15 m each or 6 branches of 10 m each. The length of one drain is the distance from the inlet pipe (or collector) to the last ventilation "mushroom".
The lower part of the trenches is covered with coarse sand (from 10 cm to 1 m), then 0.4-0.5 m with gravel (rubble, pebbles). If catchment drains are needed, they are placed in the ground under the sand, but at least at a distance of 1 m above the groundwater.
One of the variants of the filtration field device. The only thing that does not matter is the composition of the soil that is used to backfill the installed drainage system. This may be the sand left over from the “cushion”, and the soil that was taken out during the construction of the pit.
Drainage pipes lead to a storage tank located in opposite side from the septic.
Stage number 2 - laying perforated pipes
Plastic drainage pipes are laid on the prepared base. The process itself is quite simple, the main thing is to choose the right pipes.
You can buy ready-made ones - smooth or corrugated, with perforation and a textile layer, or you can take ordinary sewer pipes and drill holes in them with a drill. The recommended drain diameter is 100-110 mm.
Corrugated pipe with perforation and geotextile filter. Production material - HDPE, diameter - 110 mm, laying depth - maximum 5 m. Sold in bays, price running meter- 140-160 rubles.
Together with the pipes, it is also necessary to purchase a set of fittings for connecting different elements. You will need corners and tees. The process of laying drainage pipes is described in more detail in this material.
Stage number 3 - ventilation device
The ventilation system is necessary so that oxygen gets inside the pipes, without which aerobic bacteria lose their viability. For ventilation risers, you can use ordinary gray sewer pipes, covering them with lids on top to protect from debris.
If the drains are not longer than 4 meters, ventilation pipes are installed at the end of the branches. Longer pipes are equipped with 2-4 “mushroom” risers, which are cut into drains using tees
Infiltrators are used for more thorough soil post-treatment of wastewater, they are mounted together with the sewerage system. They are great option for small areas where it is not possible to equip extensive filtration fields. By appearance an infiltrator is a container without a bottom, similar to an inverted basin made of plastic. This device is mounted at a distance of at least one or two meters from the septic tank.
Why you need an infiltrator
The infiltrator is necessary for the complete purification of water and its output to the soil, due to its design, the device carries out the output of water to a shallow depth of the soil. Advantages of this cleaner:
An infiltrator is needed when the water are not cleaned by the septic tank of sufficient quality, for example, only by 75% (in such septic tanks as Unilos, Triton mini, Bars mini). When installing cleaning devices that can handle 98% or more wastewater treatment (for example, Uponor), an infiltrator will not be mandatory. This device works according to the following principle:
- Water after cleaning in the septic tank enters the infiltrator tank;
- Then they are absorbed into the soil, through a layer of rubble, which is necessary for the complete purification of water;
- For correct and stable operation The infiltrator should not be completely filled with water, its volume should exceed peak discharges by at least 25%.
Choosing an infiltrator for a septic tank
Criteria for choosing an infiltrator
For right choice Additional water treatment devices must take into account many factors:
A common model of the infiltrator is Triton-400, which is most often installed together with the Tank septic tank. It has the following specifications:
- The mass of the container is 15 kg;
- Wall thickness - 10 mm;
- The total volume of the structure is 400 liters;
- Dimensions: 1800*800*400;
- The average cost is about 4000-5500 rubles.
Calculation of the number of infiltrators
Number of infiltrators to be installed depends on the model and power of the septic tank, as well as on the type of soil. So, for a Tank-1 septic tank installed in clay soil, 2 Triton-400 infiltrators are needed, and when installing the same septic tank in sand or peat, only one additional wastewater treatment device is needed.
Infiltrator "Polex -300" also presented on the market, its cost is about 4500 rubles, the device has the following technical characteristics:
- Infiltrator dimensions: 1220*800*510 mm;
- Weight - 11 kg;
- The total volume of the tank is 300 liters;
Additional cleaning device data easily interconnected both vertically and horizontally. And thanks to special integrated platforms in the infiltrator, the convenience of connecting pipes increases.
How to install an infiltrator with your own hands
The infiltrator can be mounted after the installation of the septic tank itself, but it is still recommended to do this at the same time. First you need to choose a place to install the main cleaning device and determine the correct size and the location of the land for the installation of the infiltrator. Building codes recommend installing the entire sewerage system at least 5 meters from the house and 30 meters from open water intakes. Despite the fact that the waters go into the soil as clean as possible and of high quality, it is not recommended to make such sewerage systems near wells, ponds, etc.
The first step in the work is digging a pit, to begin with, its depth is determined. It should be above the average horizon of the rise of groundwater. The overall dimensions of the pit should exceed the size of the infiltrator by about 50 cm in order to fill the filter pad. It is important to remember that the distance from the infiltrator to the septic tank must exceed 1 meter.
Next, it is necessary to form a filtration layer, it consists of sand and crushed stone, while crushed stone is needed in the middle fraction, and sand should be fine-grained. Previously, geotextiles are laid on the bottom and in the side parts of the pit. It will maintain the integrity of the filtration layer, in addition, it will prevent the passage of biological elements in the wastewater leaving the infiltrator through side walls, bypassing the bottom layer of rubble. Also, geotextiles are laid on the top of the infiltrator after it is installed in the pit.
Filtration layer of crushed stone needs to be aligned, then place an infiltrator in the pit. This can be done without the use of machinery, since the average weight of the container is from 10 to 20 kg.
Additionally, you do not need to fix the container, you just need to check the tightness of all connections, lay geotextiles for drainage in several layers on the top of the infiltrator and completely cover it with sand. Most often, the total depth of the pit exceeds one meter, so that the top layer of sand protects the structure from “floating”. It is important to check that there are no gaps left, the sand must be carefully compacted.
The advantages of using infiltrators have long been obvious to everyone, because for most people it is very important purity ecological environment and its preservation. The design of the infiltrator and septic tank has small dimensions and an acceptable cost, while it allows you to almost completely clean sewage waste. The pluses also include ease of installation of cleaning devices, which allows you to do it yourself, saving finances. In addition, during the operation of such a sewer system, intervention is practically not required, which reduces not always pleasant maintenance to a minimum.
To ensure the correct and trouble-free operation of the cleaning system, all pipe connections must be made quality and sealed. After installation, it remains only to check the operation of the sewer system through its first start.
Size: 1850x700x430 mm.
Infiltrator for septic tanks "TANK" and "Triton" of any type and volume is an integral part of the wastewater treatment system. Resembling a long rectangular inverted plastic tank in shape, the infiltrator provides effective soil post-treatment of runoff in the ground. Small dimensions and light weight (15 kg) infiltrator "Triton", favorably distinguish this element, and the buyer can independently transport and mount it without the slightest difficulty. At the same time, a decent internal volume of this element of the system autonomous sewerage(400 liters) allows it to carry out a volley discharge of sewage treated in a septic tank that is harmless to the filtration field.
Why is this needed? The fact is that the septic tank does not provide preliminary cleaning effluents to such an extent that they can be discharged into the ground. That's why infiltrator, buy which you can only in the Triton Plastic company, provides additional soil post-treatment of discharged effluents, carried out through the thickness of the soil of the bulk filter layer.
Soil post-treatment of wastewater, carried out by the Triton infiltrator, is the best option solution to the purification problem. Other options for its solution - the laying of a filtration field and the arrangement of a septic tank with a drainage well - are laborious or non-universal, since they strongly depend on the characteristics of the soil and the level of groundwater.
The choice of the infiltrator as an element included in the sewage treatment circuit against this background has a number of undeniable advantages:
- ease of installation;
- minor earthworks to prepare the filter site;
- ease of connection of the infiltrator with a septic tank.
Installation of the infiltrator
Installation of the infiltrator includes several steps. The first stage of installation - carrying out earthworks, during which a pit will be dug and a filter layer will be built with a bottom layer of sand and gravel (the thickness of the filter layer is at least 40 cm and is determined by the type of soil). The depth of the pit, the walls of which are covered with a layer of geotextile, should be selected taking into account the depth of the septic tank outlet pipe.
The second stage is directly infiltrator installation with connection of pipelines from a septic tank and a ventilation device. Infiltrators can be used in the amount of one, two or more - it all depends on the model and performance of the septic tank, as well as on the filtering capacity of the soil in the area allocated for placement treatment plant. Factory models of septic tanks offered by Triton Plastic to its customers are already equipped with ready-made solutions the most suitable infiltrator designs for them, but if you wish, you can purchase these devices separately from the septic tank.
After the installation of the infiltrator, the backfilling with sand and soil is carried out up to the upper part, which needs additional thermal insulation. After the infiltrator is insulated, it is again covered with a layer of soil.
If necessary, by ordering a septic tank and an infiltrator in our company, you can also use the services of our specialists in professional assembly and installation. Low prices for the entire list of our products and services of installation specialists will pleasantly surprise any buyer!
There are several options for cleaning and removing wastewater in the homestead. The most common, at the present time, are septic cleaners. The main problem of their use is that such installations provide the possibility of purification in the range of 60–75% (the so-called water clarification). Such a degree of purification, according to today's standards, is not enough for open discharge into the ground.
In this regard, you have to solve the issue of further disposal. We are talking about the installation of additional containers - drainage wells, filtration fields or infiltrators for septic tanks.
At infiltrators there are several benefits before drives:
- low price;
- small area for installation (unlike filtration fields);
- ease of installation (which makes it possible self-assembly);
- no need for maintenance and additional equipment;
- the possibility of installation at a sufficiently high level of groundwater.
To all of the above, it is worth adding that it is quite possible to make an infiltrator with your own hands.
So after all, why an infiltrator?
The fact is that the infiltrator for septic tanks can bring wastewater treatment quality up to 99%. This, in turn, allows you not to dig it in very deep, which greatly simplifies installation. During installation, quite affordable gardening Tools. If you decide to make an infiltrator with your own hands, you won’t need any rare equipment either.
Also, there is no need for additional equipment and maintenance of the waste system. The final purification of wastewater in the infiltrator occurs due to filtration in the crushed stone-sand mixture, and the system itself - the inflow of wastewater.
Important to remember!
When installing, there are a few things to consider. The main one is the volume of the septic tank. The minimum volume of the infiltrator should not be less than the volume of the septic tank. As a rule, this about 400 liters. Although manufacturers recommend the optimal volume, three times higher. In particular, when calculating the installation volume, it is worth taking into account the type of soil in order to avoid overflow. Sandy soils will absorb water much faster than clay soils. Industrial versions of infiltrators allow the installation of several tanks connected in series for this case. If you decide to make it yourself - you should think about everything in advance.
Despite the fact that already purified water enters the ground, you should not install an infiltrator closer than five meters from the house and thirty meters from open water intake places - ponds or wells. Do not, also, forget that the installation should be no closer than one meter from the septic tank. The same is true with the ventilation pipe. The outlet from the structure should be about a meter and, upon completion of installation, is located at a distance of about thirty centimeters above the ground. To prevent excess moisture from entering the system, the ventilation outlet equip with a cone.
The installation depth should not be lower than the maximum annual groundwater level, which is required for normal operation infiltrator and avoid their contamination.
What is a septic tank infiltrator?
The design itself resembles an inverted basin with two nozzles. One of them is used to connect to the septic tank, the second for ventilation of the tank. The main requirements for the container are tightness, structural rigidity and corrosion resistance.
Industrial Models infiltrators are made of polymers with reinforced stiffeners, which allows it to withstand a sufficiently large load from the inside and a changing external one. At the same time, maintain tightness, without giving waste water enter the surface layers of the soil. When makeshift systems, use two-layer stainless steel structures. To increase their strength to considerable internal and external loads, as a rule, they are of a conical or trapezoidal shape.
Making an infiltrator with your own hands
For making an infiltrator for septic tanks with your own hands you will need:
- sheet stainless steel 1.5-3mm thick (depending on the volume of the infiltrator);
- tool for working with metal (hammer and bar for bending);
- branch pipes (for inlet and ventilation inlets);
- welding machine;
- a set of fittings and rubber gaskets (for connecting to a septic tank and installing a ventilation tube).
The design of the filter will consist of an internal and external part. Inner part structures are best made from a single sheet of metal, although this is a much more time-consuming process. But it allows you to significantly reduce the number of welds. Due to this, the working part can be made more reliable and tight. Do not forget that the water coming from the septic tank should go exclusively down. We make the upper part of the infiltrator in such a way that after connecting them together, there remains gap 1.5–2 cm. In it, during assembly, will be installed rubber gaskets, which will serve as an additional shock absorber.
After assembling the structure, the joint, along the edge of the hulls, is welded by welding (preferably gas). At the ends of the assembled body, under the lid itself (do not forget - there is no bottom), we make holes, with a diameter for pre-prepared pipes, which we weld there. One of them will serve to connect to the septic tank, and the second - the ventilation pipe. Again, do not forget about the tightness of the seams - this is important.
Installation of a filter for a septic tank
If making an infiltrator with your own hands is a rather time-consuming and complicated process, then its installation, however, like the factory one, should not cause any special difficulties. But it will give you the opportunity save a significant amount of money. For its implementation quite banal garden tools. However, there are some things that you will need to purchase. We are talking about filter materials. Again, nothing supernatural is needed here:
- the simplest crushed stone (better than the middle fraction);
- sand (fine-grained);
- geotextile.
Start of work on the installation of the infiltrator
Pit preparation
Its dimensions depend on your design, but with a margin of several tens of centimeters (at least forty). This space will subsequently be covered with sand. The depth should be such that the outlet pipe of the septic tank and the infiltrator inlet coincide. At this depth, it is worth making a mark, so that later, after filling in the rubble and sand, you do not miss. After that, we deepen the pit even more to fill the filter layer of crushed stone. The depth of penetration will depend on the absorbing properties of the soil, but should not be less than 40 cm. It makes sense to make this recess widening downwards to increase the filter area and absorbent surface.
Laying of the geofilter layer
After the work, the bottom and walls of the pit are lined with geotextiles. Later, its edges will wrap around the body of the infiltrator. This will keep the geofilter intact and prevent unfiltered runoff from seeping into the soil. The next step is to fill in a mixture of crushed stone and sand to a level pre-set mark. You can fill up a few centimeters more, as the infiltrator will sag a little under its own weight. The filter surface is carefully leveled, in ideal by "level".
Installation of an infiltrator for a septic tank and completion of the robot
After completing the above work, you can install the infiltrator itself. At this stage, all inlets are connected (and outlets, in case you decide to use a system of several infiltrators) and ventilation pipe installed. To connect to the septic tank and ventilation, pre-stocked rubber gaskets are used. To increase the reliability of connections, sealants can also be used. After checking the tightness of the connections, as mentioned earlier, the structure is wrapped with geotextiles.
The next step is to fill the space remaining between the infiltrator and the walls of the pit with sand to the level of the lid. Filling should be done evenly. Do not allow voids or open seams (they bear the main load). Then carefully tamp. Fill the rest of the pit with soil level with the ground. The one that you dug from the pit is quite suitable. The system is ready to go. If all work has been completed carefully and carefully- there will be no complications.
Separately, it is worth adding that manufacturers recommend installing an infiltrator or their systems, simultaneously with a septic tank. This will somewhat simplify the planning and installation of the drainage system. But in most cases, this approach can be applied when the process of building a future house has just begun, and you have the opportunity to allocate a separate place for installation. However, there is no problem in retrofitting the wastewater system if construction works already completed. Considering, of course, the recommendations given above.
