Layout for the game hut Russian village house. Do-it-yourself old Russian hut. Description of the interior of the hut
Municipal educational institution
Novopokrovskaya secondary school
technologies in grades 8-9"
VIIIAll-Russian Internet competition of educational projects in the educational field "Technology" named after
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The Novopokrovsky School Museum of Local Lore has a section “Peasant Life”, which presents the subsistence economy of the peasants of the 19th century, and an excursion “Peasant Hut” has been developed. Jr. sightseers school age it's hard to imagine a real village an old hut, in which the Russian stove occupied most of it, except for benches and a table, there was no other furniture. Our ancestors slept on beds or on the floor on mattresses stuffed with straw. Fresh straw was used to stuff homespun mattresses once a year. In any hut there was a Red (God's) corner, in which icons were placed, decorated with homespun towels. All the utensils in the house were placed in their places, there were no extra things, they lived poorly, the families were large.
So the idea was born to build a layout peasant hut with the designation of the main places in it: Red (God's) corner, large dining table with benches, a cradle for a baby, a large Russian stove, a golbets (underground), a platter.
It is necessary to imagine a traditional Russian family in the hut, consisting of at least three generations, each of which has its own household duties.
The made model will become one of the main exhibits in the school museum of local lore in the exposition "Peasant Life".
Brief statement of purpose and objectives
Goal of the work:
build a model of a Russian peasant hut, typical for Povetluzhye early XIX century, as well as the time of settlement of the territory of the Pronovsky village council.
Tasks:
1. To study, according to the memoirs of old-timers, according to the documents of the Novopokrovsky School Museum, the appearance and interior decoration of a Russian peasant hut.
2. Build a model of a Russian peasant hut.
3. Bring the arrangement of the peasant hut closer to the appearance of the diorama of the same name: the Russian stove must be heated, the hut is inhabited by residents.
4. Donate the constructed model as a gift to the Novopokrovsky School Museum for the Peasant Life exposition.
Criteria to be met
hut layout
1. The layout of the hut must correspond to a scale of 1:20.
2. The layout of the hut must be made of wood.
3. Inside the layout, the features of the decoration of the Russian peasant hut of the 19th century should be reflected.
4. The Russian stove must be heated.
Initial Ideas
Before choosing a sample hut for the project, we studied the materials of the museum, interviewed the old-timers of the village, drove around the village of Novopokrovskoye, went to the disappearing village of Berdnichat, where you can still see wooden buildings XIX century. Among them is the house of Berdnikov, a local timber merchant (Fig. 1). It stands out among these houses with a balcony and an elaborate roof. In the village of Novopokrovskoe there is an old two-story building, once owned by the merchant Korolev (Fig. 2). But these houses are not typical for the village. Peasant huts were simpler and more practical. Few of these houses have survived to this day, and besides, they are located in bad condition, it is dangerous to live in them (Fig. 3, 4)
The settlement of the territory of the Pronovsky village council began in late XIX century, at that time, five-wall houses began to appear, when the hut was divided by a main wall, chopped simultaneously with the construction of the entire log house, as well as houses with six chopped walls for a large family.
We managed to find a house that is still under the roof and meets our requirements: a five-walled log house with a simple plank roof, no foundation, with a small area. It was him that we took as a sample for our work (Fig. 4)
Houses numbered 1, 2, 3 have quite complex structure both buildings and roofs. In addition, they are large in area, they do not fit our scale.
No. 1. House of Berdnikov
No. 2. House of the merchant Korolev
№3 Big house with six chopped walls.
No. 4 Five-wall house
Choosing the best idea
The total area" href="/text/category/obshaya_ploshadmz/" rel="bookmark">the total area of the house is 54 m, the living area is 36 m. will help in the future to use it for exhibitions.
The interior of the hut will reflect the most basic attributes of the Russian peasant family: a large adobe oven with the possibility of heating, God's corner, where the icons are placed, big table, many benches, underground, shelves, platter, cradle.
In order to show a residential hut, they decided to make dolls and populate the hut with them, blind a stove with a chimney, sew curtains on the windows, hang a white towel in God's corner, make dishes, make a trap for the underground.
A removable roof, as well as holes in the ceiling, will help to consider the decoration of the room.
General view of the product
The sequence of operations.
Graphic image.
Tools and fixtures.
On the basis of the house, install mortgage logs. Install the tar pillars with glue and assemble the frame of the house to the floor.
Ruler, brush, Moment glue, hacksaw, large rasp, sandpaper.
Cut translations for the floor in the house and in the hallway. Lay the floor. Mark and saw out the trap, install the stairs to the cellar. Make a hitch and a handle for the trap.
Moment glue, hacksaw, ruler, pencil, chisel, mallet, plastic, brush, steel wire.
Assemble the frame to the height of the windows, mark and cut openings in the walls for the windows. Install birch bark under the windows and glue the windows. Mark and cut out a place for doorways in the house and hallways.
Glue "Moment",
brush, ruler, hacksaw, rasp, pencil, file, Superglue, sandpaper.
Hang doors with handles. Assemble the log house to the ceiling, cut the beams, place the stove, benches, chest, hanger, Red corner, hang curtains, lay the ceiling, install the stairs to the hut.
Moment glue, brush, ruler, hacksaw, rasp, pencil, chisel, Superglue, sandpaper.
Install the rafters on the spacing. Cover the roof with boards.
Hacksaw, ruler, pencil, Moment glue, brush.
Glue the pediment with boards on both sides and install the frosting on the roof. Cover by ready product varnish.
Moment glue, brush, ruler, pencil, PF varnish.
Specification
Name | Material | Note |
||
Base | ||||
Mortgage poles | ||||
Long log | ||||
The log is short | ||||
Floorboards in the house | ||||
Floorboards in the hallway | ||||
Podkaten | ||||
Translation for gender | ||||
ceiling beam | ||||
Window frame | ||||
plexiglass | ||||
Spacing for rafters | ||||
rafters | ||||
window casting | ||||
Zavalinka | ||||
Emphasis of the dam | ||||
Gable plank | ||||
Roof board | ||||
ohlupen | ||||
Aluminum | ||||
Cornice board | ||||
wool yarn | ||||
Staircase to the cellar | ||||
Staircase to the house | ||||
Casting cornice | ||||
Bench | ||||
Tablo (Holy Corner) | ||||
rocker | ||||
curtains | ||||
Cupboard for dishes | ||||
Pine, yarn |
Appearance of the finished product
Front view
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Left side view
Insulation "href="/text/category/utepliteli/" rel="bookmark">the insulation of the hut was thoroughly suited. Between the embedded tree and the ground, they made troughs from spruce, after which they sprinkled the hut with sand. To insulate the hut, moss was laid out between the logs in the log house. We used woolen thread.To save heat, the doors were made low, with a high threshold that did not let cold air into the hut.We entered the house with our heads bowed low.To insulate the ceiling, the builders used sand or anthills.This is not reflected in the layout, because holes are provided in the ceiling in order to view the interior of the hut through them.
Description interior decoration huts
In the setting of the hut there is not a single superfluous object, each thing has its own strictly defined purpose and a place illuminated by tradition, which is feature people's dwelling.
One of the significant elements of housing was a stove (Appendix 3). The first ovens were adobe. Therefore, we made a clay oven. They brought a pipe to the roof so that the stove could be heated. Sometimes a corner for cooking was arranged near the stove, resembling a painted cupboard. The painting wore geometric character(motif of the sun). To the right of the door in the floor there is a trap leading to the underground, where supplies for the winter were stored.
At the front door were men with their work. At the window, on a bench located along the wall, they spun.
Diagonally from the stove (to the east) there has always been God's corner (Red corner). Icons (images) hung here, therefore, entering the hut, a person immediately looked into God's corner, bowed and was baptized at the images of saints. Lampadas burned near the icons - small lamps suspended on chains and filled with lamp oil. In this corner they prayed, gathered at the table for a family meal. The table was usually of considerable size, based on a large family. The table top is rectangular, made of good boards without knots and carefully processed to a special smoothness. There was a bench next to the table. It was slightly longer than the table. In addition to benches, stools were used, characterized by rigidity. Chests, in which clothes, canvases and other household utensils were stored, were an obligatory accessory of the hut. Shelves, fixed tightly to the wall, were widely used in the hut. For dishes, a platter was used. Above front door did a hinged flooring - lay. For sleep they used benches, chests with a flat lid, mattresses stuffed with straw. Hanging cradles were intended for infants (Appendix 3).
Russian furniture peasant dwelling characterized by immobility, as it is solved as an organic element of the interior of the hut, taking into account living conditions. The interior of the hut is united by a single material, while maintaining its natural color - the color of wood. leading colors was golden-buff with the introduction of white and red colors. Golden-ocher tones are characteristic of the walls of the hut, wooden furniture, dishes. The towels on the icons were white, the red color sparkled with small spots on clothes, towels, and in the paintings of household utensils.
Thus, the layout reflects all the main attributes of a Russian peasant hut: a stove, God's corner, a table, fixed benches, shelves against the walls, a platter, a cradle, and household utensils.
The model of the hut is varnished in two layers for long-term exposure in the school museum and at exhibitions.
Self-esteem
1. Appearance of the layout.
The layout of the hut turned out very beautiful. All connections are strong, parts are polished. After manufacturing, the layout, as planned, took its place worthy place in our school museum of local lore, becoming one of the main exhibits in the exposition "Peasant Life" (Appendix 4)
2. Difficulties in work:
cut windows and doorways due to small size;
make beams for the ceiling and cut floorboards with flooring;
to make notches on logs, since the diameter of the logs was different, as in the construction of an old Russian hut.
3. Disadvantages in manufacturing:
the symmetry of the log house is slightly broken, since the logs are connected with glue and it is impossible to align them.
We believe that the goal set at the beginning of the work has been achieved, and the tasks have been completed.
Bibliography
1. Materials of the school museum of local lore from the exposition "Peasant Life".
2. Materials of the school local history museum from the exposition "Literary local history".
3. Materials of the rural museum of local lore from the exposition "
5. . Textbook for students of educational institutions. Grade 9 – M.: Ventana-Graf, 2006. – 272 p.
6. . Drawing. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2008. - 221 p.
7. . Handbook of labor training. – M.: Enlightenment, 1991. – 239 p.
8. . Plumbing: Tutorial for students in grades 8-11. - M.: Enlightenment, 1990. - 176 p.
9. , . Turning and milling: Textbook for students grades 8-11. - M.: education, 1990. - 208 p.
Annex 1
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red corner
cymbalist
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Chest, cradle, bench
RULES OF THE GAME:
The game is designed for a group of 2-3 children, but you can play with 1 child.
Print illustrations on a color printer. My printer can print on white cardstock or sketching paper, if yours can't handle it, just paste the pictures on the cardstock. You will get a layout of the hut (glue the exterior and interior with each other) and interior items. I made the layout in A3 size. (In the printer properties there is a poster print, I chose a breakdown by 2), but you can also use A 4.
First, the adult talks about appearance Russian hut, showing the facade of the house, and then turns the layout over and the children find themselves in an empty room of the hut. The task of the children is to arrange the interior items. Each child is given 2-3 pictures. An adult makes riddles, asks questions, a child who has a hidden picture raises it up (the rules of the loto game), and an adult shows where the interior item was in the Russian hut and briefly talks about the purpose of this item. The game is very educational and interesting.
Introduce your children to the history of our people, let them know how they lived and arranged their way of life. Good luck!
MATERIAL FOR ADULTS
About the hutHuts were built from pine or spruce.
They cut down straight even trees, cut off branches, logs were obtained, a log house was erected from them (from the word to cut)
Huts were built without using nails.
Then they cut through the windows, covered the roof, covered it with straw, in winter, when there was not enough food for livestock, the straw from the roof could go to feed.
Next came the decoration of the house, a horse was put on the roof, and shutters were hung on the windows.
And what is inside the house? We pass through the hallway, this is a cold unheated corridor, we go into the hut, and there .... And there is one room - the upper room, it is both a kitchen, and a living room, and a bedroom. What is in this room? There is an empty chamber in front of you, now we will arrange in the room various items, and you get the interior of a Russian hut.
About the stove
What was the oven for? (to cook food, heat the hut, dry felt boots, sleep on it.
In many huts, it was usually made of clay mixed with stones - adobe on wooden base.
And in our time, many huts with a Russian stove have been preserved.
FURNACE - a nurse, a protector from the cold, a healer of diseases. It is no coincidence that the oven is a common character often found in Russian fairy tales. Name a fairy tale you know. (Swan geese)
About Goddess
The goddess was in the red corner.
This is a small shelf (sometimes two-tiered), a goddess, on which one, two small icons, painted on wooden planks or cast copper.
About buffet, cabinets
The cabinets were various sizes and types, were decorated with carvings, turning parts, and painting. Often through lockers were used in lockers, which was done to ventilate products.
About the bench
She was nailed to the wall and could not be moved. A portable bench is called a bench.
The shop was made by the owner himself from thick and wide boards. Each member of the family had their own place. The owner sat under the icons, and the hostess on the edge, so that she would not interfere with anyone when serving.
Later, chairs appeared, and stools for sitting the worker - Koryak. Find them among the items.
About the table
The whole family gathered at the table, all questions were discussed.
The place of the owner of the house was called great place. The rest of the family sat down at the table in order of seniority.
About chest
Chests are an obligatory accessory of the hut. They kept clothes, canvases and other household utensils. Chests were made big and small.
About dishes
The dishes were earthenware and wood. The dishes were decorated with carvings and paintings during long winter evenings.
About the spinning wheel
Spinning was usually done by girls. A spinning wheel with a wheel was called a self-spinning wheel.
Distaffs are still preserved in many village houses. From sheep wool knit, as before, socks, mittens, felt boots.
About irons
Irons were of two types, in which hot coals were placed and which were placed on the stove.
About grip
Pots of food were sent to them in the heat. This device was a long wooden stick with a metal slingshot at the end.
Location of items :
PUZZLES
The house is white.
The door is black.
The owner is red.
What went into the house
Everything went to heaven.
She bakes pancakes
It shows dreams.
Say a word:
- there is no heat in winter, and there is no colder in summer (riddle) ... OVEN
2.- heater in farmhouse…STOVE
3. GOD
The shelf on which the icons were placed. (Suggest name)
3.BUFFET, CABINET
A piece of furniture for storing dishes, clothes
4. STORE, BENCH.
On it people slept, worked, ate, cooked and met guests. (shop)
5.TABLE
Mystery
Under the roof - legs,
On the roof - spoons,
And next to them
With chowder bowls.
6.CHEST
* grandma's storage
7.Shelf
*say a word.
- Wolf, look, - he said to the wolf, -
You will put your teeth on ...
8.WARE
*Name it in one word
(show pictures)
9.Spinning wheel
* With the help of it, threads were obtained.
* Mystery
The longer I spin
The fatter I get.
10.IRON
Mystery
Hisses displeasedly, bites painfully,
It's dangerous to leave him alone.
Gotta get along with him.
And you can iron
But don't iron it.
11. CAST IRON
It cooked food in the oven.
12.STUPA
Grain was crushed in it, peeling it from the husk.
Master class "Model of a Russian hut"
Description: I bring to your attention a master class on making a model of the "Russian hut, for educating children's interest, respect for history, culture, the Russian people.
This year, one of the main tasks in our kindergarten was to introduce children to spiritual culture, to awaken the foundations of national identity. The competition Mini-museum "Russian hut" was held.
To make a hut, I made a layout for which I needed cardboard box. Cut off one side of the box. Cut out the windows. I rolled "logs" out of paper different diameter. The outer side of the walls is pasted over with larger logs, and the inner walls of a smaller diameter. I glued paper on the floor, drawing boards. Then I painted everything inside with yellow gouache, and brown outside.
At the windows she made platbands from brown colored paper.
To close in front and on the sides of the house, all the irregularities were pasted over with brown colored paper. The roof was made of bamboo skewers. It took two packs. I made platbands on the roof of the house, cutting them out of paper. She hung curtains on the windows, in the “red corner” she made a shelf for the icon, laying on it a piece of fabric the same as for the curtains.
The stove is made of small cardboard boxes covered with white paper, the pipe is made of foam plastic and also covered with white paper. Behind the stove is a shelf for utensils, a piece of cloth is laid on it.
She fashioned utensils from salt dough: a cast-iron with a lid, kettles, jugs, a tong, a poker. After drying everything, I painted it with gouache, and then varnished it. The damper for the stove was cut out of cardboard and pasted over with white paper.
Of course, you can’t do without a table and a bench in the “red corner”. They are also made of cardboard. Matter on the table and benches, rugs on the floor. Here's what I got.
Interactive didactic manual - "Russian hut" for preschool educational institutions with their own hands
Interactive didactic manual - "Russian hut" is intended for the implementation cognitive development children 3-7 years old. The manual is presented in the form of a model of a Russian hut and a laptop.
The manual complies with the principles of developmental education and upbringing and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
Usage didactic manual V various types activities allows you to form the cognitive interests of children.
The manual "Russian hut" contributes to the development of children's speech, attention, thinking, enriches knowledge about the surrounding reality.
Moral and patriotic education is the most important aspect of the formation and development of the personality of a preschooler. Russian folk culture has the richest material for introducing children to the world of art, with the traditions of the Russian people, which contributes to the artistic and aesthetic development of the child.
The manual "Russian hut" gives children the opportunity not only to consider the subject from all sides, but also to practically master it. The children had the opportunity to visually see how Russian people lived and how they worked, rested, what customs they observed and how they decorated their life. This manual will help restore the connection of times, return lost values.
The layout is convenient in that you can get it at any time, look at it, play with objects. And in the lapbook are collected didactic games on folk art and household items.
The novelty of this manual lies in the fact that for children such a model is a kind of interactive toy that can be used not only in the joint activities of an adult and a child, but also in the independent activities of children.
The manual focuses educational activities based on the interaction of adults with children on the interests and capabilities of each child. Creates conditions for the participation of parents in educational activities through replenishment of the contents of the layout and lapbook.
Purpose of the grant: Expand children's ideas about life, life, traditions and
rituals of the Russian people.
To acquaint with the device of a peasant dwelling, household items, their names and purpose.
Enrich the children's vocabulary with the names and expressions of the Russian dictionary.
To form initial knowledge about the history of the home, to teach
navigate in the past and understand that a person is constantly
wanted to improve his home.
To work on the spiritual and moral education children
The layout is a chest that opens and turns into the interior of a Russian hut. This is a kind of mini-museum. The chest is made of two boxes. The sides of the box are decorated with bars, which are cut out of cardboard and pasted over with a self-adhesive film. The lid is covered with brown fleece and trimmed with braid.
The furniture in the hut is made of cardboard. The walls are painted wood with gouache.
All utensils are molded from a self-hardening mass and painted with gouache paints. The dolls are made from pieces of fabric, the cradle is made from a matchbox.
In the corner there is a goddess with an icon, by the window there is a spinning wheel with a tow.
There is a table by the window, on the table is a samovar, cups, plates, spoons and a jug.
In the left corner of the hut is a stove. The oven is also made of cardboard and painted with white paint. There are utensils at the stove, firewood in the stove. There is a blanket and a mattress on the stove.
All furniture in the room can be rearranged. All items can be touched and played with.
lapbook is an addition to the layout. It contains pictures folk games ears, musical instruments, household utensils. As well as a description of folk games, texts of lullabies, riddles, a description of household utensils. On the side walls of the laptop there are 2 games: "Find by numbers", "Lotto".
1) "Russian hut" - conversations: acquaintance with the history of the Russian hut, interior, household utensils, family way of life.
2) "Folklore": acquaintance with oral folk art Russian people - myths, tales, legends, games, songs, legends, riddles, tongue twisters, counting rhymes, teasers
(theatricalization).
3) "Decorative and applied art": acquaintance with the folk crafts of the Russian people.
4) "Folk costume": acquaintance with Russian folk costumes.
5) "Traditions of antiquity deep": stories for children about history native land.
6) Theatricalization of fairy tales, tales, legends, nursery rhymes, lullabies.
7) Tour of the hut in verse
8) Independent gaming activity (plot-role-playing games).
In this article we will tell you how to make do-it-yourself furniture for the Russian Hut mini-museum in a kindergarten from available materials in just one day.
For work we take matchboxes, cardboard, tree branches. The tools are also the simplest - a knife, a hammer, small cloves, a skin, any file or a jigsaw, glue, paints. The proposed method of manufacturing wooden furniture in no way claims to be professional carpentry work. But even a completely unprepared person will be able to make a minimum set of furniture for the mini museum of folk life "Russian hut". All furniture is made for interior design mini museum "Russian hut" with an area of 30x30 cm. We talk about how to make such a house out of cardboard in the article. But furniture can be used without a house, simply by placing it on a table or shelf.
Furniture for the mini museum Russian hut is suitable not only for the museum, but also for gaming activity children both in kindergarten and at home.
Table and stool from matchboxes. Do-it-yourself furniture for the mini museum Russian hut.
For the manufacture of table legs, we need four empty matchboxes. Slightly push the boxes, grease two of them with glue. The places of lubrication with glue are shown by shading. 
Connect both legs-corner. To do this, slightly crush one of matchboxes.
The legs for our table are ready.
Paint the table legs and glue the table top. The tabletop is cut out of cardboard. Size 13x7 cm 
The table is almost ready, it remains only to paint the countertop. Now let's start making a stool. The technology is very similar to a table, but the stool should be lower. Therefore, matchboxes are cut into two parts. 
This is what the base for a matchbox stool looks like. 
We glue the seat, paint, and the stool is ready. 
In this way, you can make a Russian hut and benches for a mini museum of folk dolls and folk life. You can try it yourself. And now we will tell you how to make wooden benches with your own hands.
Bench. Do-it-yourself furniture for the mini-museum "Russian hut"
To make a bench, we need a straight tree branch with a diameter of 3-3.5 cm.
We saw off a blank 15-16 cm long from a branch. Using a knife and a hammer, split it in half, and then split it again to make a plank. 
Knife and sandpaper straighten the board.
We saw off 4 cm rounds from the same branch. We split it in half. We got two legs for our shop. 
We will nail the seat to the legs with small carnations. 
Bench for the mini museum "Russian hut" is ready
Thus, you can make benches of any size for your mini museum. If there is a desire and opportunity, you can cover the benches with stain or paint. 
Distaff. Do-it-yourself furniture for the mini-museum "Russian hut"
Let's make a reservation right away that our spinning wheel is not an exact imitation. The correct spinning wheel should have a bottom, which is placed on the bench, and then the spinner sits on it and holds the spinning wheel in a stable position with the weight of his body. But making a spinning wheel with a bottom is more difficult and, moreover, it will not be stable. Therefore, we made a spinning wheel on a straight basis with an emphasis on the floor. Which is wrong, but convenient.
Cut out a spinning wheel from wood, cardboard or plywood. We paint or tint the spinning wheel, apply patterned drawings. 
Spinning wheel template for the mini museum Russian izba
Let's make a short bench for the spinning wheel, just like the benches for the hut were made. Glue or nail the spinning wheel to the bench.
Let's make a spindle. To do this, take a toothpick and cut off part of it. Wrap the toothpick with thread. We fix the end of the thread with any glue - so that it does not unwind. 
We tie the tow to the spinning wheel. We used flax tow, but if you don't have it, you can take sanitary flax or woolen threads, having previously “ruffled” them. Mohair is also good. 
We twist the thread from the spinning wheel and wind it on the spindle.
Do-it-yourself spinning wheel for the mini museum Russian hut is ready.
Ladder Do-it-yourself furniture for the mini-museum "Russian hut".
We take two sticks of the same length, corresponding to the desired length of the stairs. We outline the cuts for the steps. 
We cut cuts for steps. To do this, we make two parallel cuts at a distance of 0.5-0.7 cm to about half the stick, and then with a knife we break out a part of the tree between the cuts.
We cut the required number of sticks-steps.
We insert sticks-steps into the cuts. For strength, we fix the junctions with threads. 
The ladder for the mini museum Russian hut is ready. 
The necessary set of furniture for the mini-museum Russian hut, which you can do with your own hands from improvised materials, is ready.
But the most important thing in a Russian hut is missing - a stove. How to make a stove with your own hands is dedicated to the post
