Pressure switch adjustment instruction. Self-adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station - simple ways to set up
Pressure switch - a small but indispensable unit large and small pumping station. And if all its other elements just need to be connected correctly, then it will also have to be additionally configured. It is this device that is responsible for automating the pumping process. It turns on and off the equipment according to the pressure in the hydraulic tank.
Properly performed adjustment of the pressure switch for the pump is a guarantee of comfort and long service life of the equipment. About how it is performed, what actions need to be taken and what data to know for fine-tuning, we detail in the article. You will find out why and in what situations it is produced.
Except step by step description we provide adjustment procedures valuable advice reported by hydraulic engineers. To optimize perception, the text is supplemented with photo collections, diagrams, video guides.
Numerous varieties, which are equipped with almost all pumping stations, are arranged in approximately the same way.
Inside plastic case there is a metal base on which the remaining elements are fixed:
- membrane;
- piston;
- metal platform;
- electrical contact assembly.
Top under plastic lid there are two springs - large and small. When the diaphragm is under pressure, it pushes the piston.
He, in turn, raises the platform, which acts on a large spring, compressing it. A large spring resists this pressure, limiting the movement of the piston.
The small distance that separates the large and small adjusting springs is enough to regulate the operation of a whole range of devices. The platform under pressure from the membrane gradually rises until its edge reaches the small spring. The pressure on the platform at this moment increases, as a result, its position changes.
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This causes the contacts to switch, which changes the mode of operation of the pump, and it turns off. To switch contacts there is a special hinge with a spring.
When the platform overcomes the level at which this hinge is located, the electrical contacts change position, breaking the power supply circuit. At this point, the pump is switched off. After that, the water stops flowing and the pressure exerted on the membrane decreases as the water is consumed from the accumulator.
Accordingly, the platform smoothly lowers. When its position is lower than the spring hinge of the electrical contacts, they rise, turning the power back on.
The pressure switch is small device, which allows you to turn the pump on and off depending on the presence or absence of water in the accumulator
The pump pumps water into the hydraulic tank, the relay membrane presses on the platform, it rises, reaches a large spring, etc. The cycle resumes and is performed automatically.
With the help of a large spring, the pressure indicator is set at which the pump unit must be turned on, and the small one determines not the “ceiling” of the allowable pressure in the system, as you might think, but the difference between these two indicators. This important point, which is useful when learning the procedure for doing your own pump.
Is there a need for a setting at all?
Of course, on your own or with the help of a specialist, but everyone who has assembled their pumping station from individual elements will need to set up the pressure switch.
There is an opinion that ready-made pumping stations purchased assembled are equipped with a pressure switch already configured and prepared for operation. In practice, this is not always the case.
Before connecting and adjusting the pressure switch, carefully study technical documentation provided by the manufacturer to find out the pressure limits
Each plumbing system has individual characteristics. And the needs of the residents of the house may be different.
How to set the relay correctly?
There is a cover on the pressure switch housing, and under it there are two springs equipped with nuts: large and small. By rotating these springs, the lower pressure in the accumulator is set, as well as the difference between the cut-in and cut-out pressures. The lower pressure is regulated by a large spring, and the small one is responsible for the difference between the upper and lower pressure.
There are two adjusting springs under the cover of the pressure switch. The large spring regulates the activation of the pump, and the small spring regulates the difference between the on and off pressure.
Before starting the setup, it is necessary to study the technical documentation of the pressure switch, as well as the pumping station: the hydraulic tank and its other elements.
The documentation indicates the operating and limiting indicators for which this equipment is designed. During the adjustment, these indicators should be taken into account so as not to exceed them, otherwise these devices may soon break down.
Sometimes it happens that during the adjustment of the pressure switch, the pressure in the system still reaches the limit values. If this happens, you just need to turn off the pump manually and continue tuning. Fortunately, such situations are extremely rare, since the power of domestic surface pumps there just isn't enough to push a hydraulic tank or system to its limits.
On the metal platform where the adjusting springs are located, the designations "+" and "-" are made, which allow you to understand how to rotate the spring in order to increase or decrease the indicator
It is useless to adjust the relay if the accumulator is filled with water. In this case, not only the water pressure will be taken into account, but also the parameters of the air pressure in the tank.
To adjust the pressure switch, follow these steps:
- Set the operating air pressure in the empty accumulator.
- Turn on the pump.
- Fill the tank with water until the lower pressure is reached.
- Switch off the pump.
- Turn the small nut until the pump starts.
- Wait until the tank is full and the pump is turned off.
- Open water.
- Rotate the large spring to set the cut-in pressure.
- Turn on the pump.
- Fill the hydraulic tank with water.
- Correct the position of the small adjusting spring.
You can determine the direction of rotation of the adjusting springs by the signs “+” and “-”, which are usually located nearby. To increase the switching pressure, the large spring must be rotated clockwise, and to decrease this figure, it must be rotated counterclockwise.
The adjusting springs of the pressure switch are very sensitive, so they must be tightened very carefully, constantly checking the condition of the system and the readings of the pressure gauge
The rotation of the adjusting springs when adjusting the pressure switch for the pump must be done very smoothly, about a quarter or half a turn, these are very sensitive elements. The pressure gauge should show lower pressure when it is turned on again.
With regard to indicators when adjusting the relay, it will be useful to remember the following points:
- If the hydraulic tank is filled, and the pressure gauge remains unchanged, it means that the maximum pressure in the tank has been reached, the pump should be turned off immediately.
- If the difference between the cut-off and turn-on pressures is about 1-2 atm, this is considered normal.
- If the difference is greater or less, the adjustment should be repeated, taking into account possible errors.
- The optimal difference between the set lower pressure and the pressure determined at the very beginning in an empty accumulator is 0.1-0.3 atm.
- In the accumulator, the air pressure should not be less than 0.8 atm.
The system can turn on and off properly in automatic mode and with other indicators. But these boundaries make it possible to minimize the wear of equipment, for example, the rubber lining of a hydraulic tank, and extend the operation time of all devices.
For normal operation, it is recommended to measure the air pressure in the accumulator every three months. This measure will help maintain stable settings in the operation of the equipment. A sharp change in indicators may indicate some kind of breakdown that needs to be fixed.
In order to quickly monitor the status of the system, it makes sense to simply record the readings of the water pressure gauge from time to time when turning the pump on and off. If they correspond to the numbers set when setting up the equipment, the system can be considered normal.
A noticeable difference indicates that it is necessary to check the air pressure in the hydraulic tank and, possibly, reconfigure the pressure switch. Sometimes you just need to pump some air into the accumulator, and the performance will return to normal.
The accuracy of the pressure gauge has a certain error. This may be partly due to the friction of its moving parts during measurements. To improve the process of readings, it is recommended to additionally lubricate the pressure gauge before starting measurements.
The pressure switch, like other mechanisms, tends to wear out over time. Initially, you should choose a durable product. An important factor in the long-term operation of the pressure switch is correct settings. do not use this instrument at the maximum allowable upper pressures.
If there are problems and inaccuracies in the operation of the pressure switch, it may need to be disassembled and cleaned of contaminants
A small margin should be left, then the elements of the device will not wear out so quickly. If it is necessary to set the upper pressure in the system to sufficient high level, for example, in five atmospheres, it is better to purchase a relay with an extremely valid value work in six atmospheres. Finding such a model is more difficult, but it is quite possible.
Serious damage to the pressure switch can be caused by contamination in. This is a typical situation for old water pipes made of metal structures.
Before installing the pumping station, it is recommended to thoroughly clean the water supply. Doesn't hurt and complete replacement metal pipes on plastic structures if there is such a possibility.
When adjusting the relay, the adjusting springs should be treated with extreme care. If they are compressed too much, i.e. twisted during the setup process, errors will very soon begin to be observed during operation of the device. Relay failure in the near future is almost guaranteed.
If during the check of the operation of the pumping station a gradual increase in the shutdown pressure is observed, this may indicate that the device is clogged. You don't need to change it right away.
It is necessary to unscrew the four fixing bolts on the pressure switch housing, remove the membrane assembly and rinse thoroughly inner part relays where possible, as well as all small openings.
Sometimes it is enough just to remove the relay and clean its holes from the outside without disassembly. It also does not hurt to clean the entire pumping station. If water suddenly begins to flow directly from the relay housing, it means that particles of pollution have broken through the membrane. In this case, the device will have to be completely replaced.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
An overview of the pressure switch device is presented here:
This video details the process of setting up the pressure switch:
Setting up a pressure switch is not always easy. We need to act carefully and carefully. But understanding the principles of operation of the device and the features of its settings allows you to cope with this task quite satisfactorily.
We are waiting for your stories about the experience of installing and configuring pressure switches, operation pumping system equipped with the device. Perhaps you have questions in the process of familiarizing yourself with the material? Ask them and comment on the article in the block below.
The pressure switch for the pump controls the operation of the entire station. After all, it is the relay that turns on the pump when the pressure in the accumulator drops (and turns it off when the pressure rises to a critical point). As a result, even a small failure in the operation of the relay affects the functionality of the entire system. autonomous water supply.
However, any malfunction of the relay can be eliminated with a simple adjustment. And in this article we will analyze both the adjustment process and the procedure for connecting and initial setting the pressure switch.
The pumping station consists of a hydraulic accumulator (sealed water storage), a unit (centrifugal or vibration pump) and a pressure switch regulating the operation of these units.
Moreover, the principle of operation of the relay is determined by the operation scheme of the station itself, which is as follows: turning on the pump - filling the accumulator - turning off the pump. Well, when you need to turn the pump on and off, it is the pressure switch that determines.
Moreover, the decision-making process to turn the unit on or off is based on monitoring the following values: the minimum and maximum pressure in the accumulator. In addition, the operation of the relay is also affected by such characteristics as the difference between the minimum and maximum pressure and the maximum allowable pressure in the accumulator.
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The first value is minimum pressure, as a rule, is equal to 1.5 atmospheres. That is, when the pressure in the accumulator drops below the indicated 1.5 atmospheres, the pump will be activated (by closing the contacts in the pressure switch).
The second value - the maximum pressure, as a rule, does not exceed 4 atmospheres. That is, when the pressure in the accumulator rises to 4 atmospheres, the pump is disconnected from the power supply (by opening the relay contacts).
Accordingly, the difference between the minimum and maximum pressure (at the factory setting of the relay) is 2.5 atmospheres. Moreover, when adjusting the pressure, they operate precisely with this characteristic, setting the desired difference from the minimum indicator.
The maximum allowable pressure in the accumulator is 5 atmospheres. That is, if the pressure in the accumulator reaches five atmospheres, then the pump will turn off in any case (at any value of the pressure difference).
Primary adjustment of the water pressure switch
The initial adjustment of the relay is carried out at the factory of the company that produces pumping stations. That is why all the "default settings" (1.5 atmospheres of minimum pressure and 2.5 atmospheres of difference) are called "factory".
However, the connection of the pressure switch to the pump (with the introduction of factory settings) is carried out on last step station assembly. And the sale of the unit will not take place soon. And over the past months from the moment of manufacture to the moment of sale, the springs and membranes of the relay and drive can weaken.
Therefore, for a newly purchased pump, it is worth checking the pressure in the accumulator and the minimum and maximum pressure indicators set at the factory.
Well, the drive itself is checked as follows:
- A pressure gauge is connected to the nipple of the accumulator or tank. Moreover, in this case, you can use a conventional automotive device with which to check tire pressure.
- The arrow on the pressure gauge will indicate the air pressure behind the membrane of the empty accumulator. And this value cannot be less or more than 1.2-1.5 atmospheres.
If the pressure gauge shows a higher value, then the air from the tank is “bled”, but if it is less, then the tank is “pumped up” with a car pump. Indeed, the “starting” indicator of the relay (minimum pressure) will depend on the level of pressure behind the membrane.
After checking the pressure in the hydraulic tank or accumulator is completed, you can start inspecting the pressure switch, during which the actual values of the minimum and maximum pressure are compared with the values set on the control unit.
Moreover, this operation is carried out very simply, namely:
- A pressure gauge is attached to the collector mounted on the neck of the tank or accumulator.
- Next, turn off the pump and empty the drive (by opening the tap). The pressure on the pressure gauge should drop to 1.5 atmospheres.
- After that, close the valve and turn on the pump. The pump should raise the pressure in the tank to the maximum value and turn off. After turning off the pump, you need to compare the pressure on the pressure gauge with the factory indicators declared in the passport.
If the actual values on the pressure gauge do not match those declared in the passport, or the factory settings do not meet the needs of the consumer, then in this case, an individual setting of the relay is necessary. We will discuss the nuances of the individual setup process below in the text.
How to set up a pressure switch for individual needs
Individual adjustment or reconfiguration of the relay operation after a failure is carried out as follows:
- At the very beginning, you need to open the relay case by disconnecting the protective cover from the base. After all, it is under the casing that the contacts of the electric motor and the adjusting relay nodes are “hidden”: a stud with a large nut holding a large spring and a stud with a small nut holding a small spring. At the same time, the minimum pressure is regulated by the tension of the large spring, and the pressure difference is regulated by the small spring.
- The adjustment of the “starting” (minimum) pressure is started on an empty accumulator. Moreover, to release the accumulator from the liquid, it is enough just to turn off the pump and open the tap. The adjustment itself is carried out as follows: the large spring is completely weakened (the nut is unscrewed counterclockwise), then the pump should be turned on and the spring should be gradually tightened. At the moment when the pump starts to work and starts pumping water, manipulations with the large nut are stopped - the minimum pressure has reached the pressure mark in the air part of the accumulator plus 0.2-0.3 atmospheres. And if there are 1.2-1.3 atmospheres behind the accumulator membrane, then the minimum pressure in the tank will approach the desired 1.5 atmospheres. Well, who wants more - he must, at the beginning of the adjustment, “add” pressure in the accumulator (by pumping air over the membrane).
- Adjusting the pressure difference is even easier. You just need to wait for the pump to stop and read the indicator from the pressure gauge on the accumulator manifold. If the result is not satisfactory, then the pump is turned off, the water descends, and a small nut is screwed (to increase pressure) or unscrewed (to decrease pressure) onto a stud with a small spring. After that, the pump is turned on and the “new” upper pressure obtained after adjustment is read.
At the same time, it must be remembered that an excessively large minimum pressure “kills” the accumulator membrane. Therefore, raising the minimum threshold above the “factory” 1.5 atmospheres is categorically not recommended.
Dwelling water supply refers to complex hydraulic structures, the organization of which must be carried out in accordance with all the rules.
Accidents in the system can occur both due to errors in the installation of pipes or plumbing fixtures, and due to violation of operating rules. The latter include such a common phenomenon as pressure surges in the pipeline, to combat which special devices are used - pressure regulators.
Devices are able to simultaneously perform a number of important functions. The first of these is the prevention of pressure increase. Almost all household plumbing fixtures are capable of operating in the mode up to 3 atm. Exceeding this parameter is fraught with overloads for the water supply system at home. As a result, the service life of functional units on washing and dishwashers, the reliability of connecting adapters, gaskets decreases.
Pressure regulators prevent water hammer. It's about about sudden drops in water pressure arising from malfunctions of pumping equipment or improper use of valves. Water hammer can lead to very disastrous consequences, including pipeline ruptures and breakdowns of boiler units. Sometimes pressure surges are so large that the boiler explodes.
Another useful feature is water saving. By adjusting, you can significantly reduce its consumption. For example, if the pressure is reduced from 6 to 3 atm, the savings can reach 20-25% (during the opening of the tap, a smaller jet will be released).
Hydro regulators help to reduce noise when using faucets and taps. The reason for the annoying hum of the armature lies in high blood pressure, due to which the pressure of water after opening the valve acquires a limiting force. Thanks to the regulator, the water pressure becomes stable and decreases to optimal values.
In the event of a pipeline rupture, water losses will decrease, as the device reacts to the pressure drop by reducing the water supply. Basically, regulators (reducers) are equipped with water supply systems of private houses, where they, together with a hydraulic accumulator, are switched to a circulation pump.
Device features
Water pressure regulators are on the market plumbing equipment several varieties. According to the place of installation, the devices are divided into two groups:
- "to yourself". The flow voltage is stabilized in front of the reducer;
- "after myself". The water pressure stabilizes behind the installation point.
Regardless of the principle of operation, any pressure switch consists of the following structural elements:
- valve (piston). Performs the function of the core of the device;
- springs (membranes);
- corps. Can be cast iron, brass or steel.
In addition to the standard set of parts, some models are additionally equipped with a pressure gauge, a coarse filter, an air valve and a ball valve.
By throughput, regulators are divided into household (0.5-3 m3), commercial (3-15 m3) and industrial (over 15 m3).
Types of regulators
According to the principle of operation, high pressure hoses are piston, membrane, flow, automatic and electronic.
Piston
The most simple design of water pressure valves (they are also called mechanical). Pressure adjustment is carried out by a compact spring-loaded piston due to a decrease or increase in the through passage. To adjust the outgoing water pressure, the device has a special valve: by rotating it, you can weaken or compress the spring.
TO weaknesses piston regulators attribute their sensitivity to the presence of debris in the water: piston clogging is main reason breakdowns. To prevent such phenomena, a special filter is usually included in the gearbox kit. Another disadvantage is big number moving mechanical components, which affects the degree of reliability of the gearbox. The piston device is able to regulate the pressure in the mode of 1-5 atm.
Membrane
Very reliable and unpretentious devices, which make it possible to adjust the water pressure over a wide range (0.5-3 m3 / h). For living conditions this is a very good indicator.
The core of the device is a spring-loaded membrane: in order to avoid clogging, a self-contained sealed chamber is used to install it. The recoil from a compressing or expanding spring is transferred to a small valve, which is responsible for the size of the cross section of the outlet channel. The cost of membrane limiters is quite high. Due to the complexity of replacement, this procedure is usually performed by experienced plumbers.
Flowing
A feature of this model of water pressure regulators is that there are no moving elements in it. This has a beneficial effect on the reliability and service life of the devices.
The pressure is reduced due to the intricacies of narrow channels. Water during the passage of numerous turns is divided into separate sleeves, at the end again merging into one, but not so fast. In domestic use, flow reducers can be found in irrigation systems. The disadvantage of the device is the need for an additional output regulator.
Automatic
Knot small size consisting of a membrane and a pair of springs. To change the compression force, special nuts are used. When the inlet water has a weak pressure, this leads to a weakening of the membrane. The increase in pressure in the pipe provokes an increase in compression.
Under the influence of the spring, the contacts on the automatic pressure reducer either open or close again. This in turn turns on and off circulation pump compulsory system water supply. The design of automatic high pressure hoses basically duplicates membrane devices, differing only in the presence of two correction screws for setting the operating pressure range.
Electronic
A special mechanism monitors the pressure of water in the pipe, for which a motion sensor is used. After processing the received data, a decision is made to turn on the pumping station. The electronic regulator will block the pump from turning on if the pipeline is not filled with water. The structure includes the main body, sensors, electronic circuit boards, a switching sleeve (thanks to it, the supply wire is turned on) and threaded pipes for connecting to the system.
The design of the stabilizer has a convenient display to show the characteristics of the water flow. Mechanical regulators are sometimes not able to effectively protect the system from dry running, which is why it is necessary to constantly monitor it for the presence of water. In contrast, electronic models with a controller are able to constantly monitor the filling with water. Reducers of this type operate almost silently, reliably protecting all components from hydraulic shocks.
Mounting Features
According to the regulations for plumbing and sewer systems, the water pressure regulator must be mounted at the inlet between the shut-off valve and the meter. In this case, it is guaranteed reliable protection all hydraulic devices, including metering and filtration devices.
Installation rules in the apartment
Most often, a water pressure reducer in apartments is needed for safety net - to reduce the pressure in the pipe.
Note! The optimal mounting point is on the riser, immediately behind the meter and the filtration unit.
The first step is to assemble the device with the obligatory installation of plugs on the side holes. In the future, pressure gauges are mounted on these pipes. Best positioned water pipe horizontally: the high-pressure hose in such a scheme has a shut-off valve before and after itself. When installed in apartments, the gearbox must be positioned strictly vertically (mounting horizontally or with an inclination is strictly prohibited).
Installing an apartment relay is in many ways reminiscent of a similar procedure with a hot and cold metering device. cold water or coarse filter. To indicate the direction of fluid movement, the body of the product is marked with an index (the seat for the pressure gauge is located in the upper part of the body). Getting Started installation work, shut off the water supply, warning the neighbors in advance (if the installation is carried out on the riser). Work on polypropylene pipes will require the use of special adapters (as a rule, they are included with the product).
In some cases, it would be useful to include an inlet shut-off valve equipped with a strainer in the regulator piping. A prerequisite is the presence of a ball valve on the water pressure regulator. All connecting joints must be well sealed to avoid leaks, for which they use tow or FUM tape. Having installed the seal, the connections are tightened with a gas wrench. It is important not to overdo it, given the fact that in most cases brass fixing nuts are used, which have medium strength. Installation work is quite complicated, therefore, in the absence of proper experience, professional plumbers are invited to perform them.
The specifics of the installation of high pressure hoses in a private house
A water pressure regulator in a private house carries the same functional load as in an apartment. The difference lies only in the presence of a pump in the system that maintains the necessary pressure. RVD in combination with pumping equipment installed in such a way that the pressure gauge points upwards. The point of installation of the device is the place where home system connects to the main pipe or supply from the well (after the water meter). For ease of installation, some manufacturers sell regulators complete with the pump.
When organizing the piping of the regulator, it is important not to forget about the coarse filter (if it is not present in the circuit initially). The filter installation point is the entrance to the house pipe. On both sides (as in apartments), the high pressure hose is equipped with shutoff valves. To stabilize the flow force, after tying the device, a straight line is installed (the length of this section is 5 working diameters). All work must be carried out by a person with the appropriate skills.
Setup and maintenance
Special regulations for use household systems water supply outlet water pressure is recommended in the range of 2-3.5 kg / cm2. This mode can only be obtained by adjusting the water pressure reducer. Action speed various models RWD is different. The flow of the system provokes a decrease in the pressure force by about 1.5 atm (the exact figure depends on the specifics of the circuit). After a few seconds, there is an increase in pressure to below average. The ideal parameter of the output value should be inferior to the input value by at least 1.5 kg/cm2, otherwise this will lead to a noticeable deceleration of the velocity of the fluid through the pipes.
These standards are important to consider when setting up water pressure reducers. To determine that the gearbox is not working correctly, paired pressure gauges or control fluid intake in front of the pressure regulator will help. It is possible to adjust the high pressure hose only if the system is in working order and it has the required fluid pressure. Having created such conditions, in the course of rotation of the adjusting screws, you can easily determine all the changes in indicators that occur (this will be displayed on the pressure gauge). Without a measuring device, such manipulations are not recommended, as this can lead to a violation of the factory settings.
During the operation of the HPH, it is necessary to control the pressure in the system. If the output parameters of the device cannot be adjusted, the membrane is most likely damaged. Sometimes water begins to seep through the joints on the case. Any signs of breakage serve as a signal to dismantle and disassemble the device. Most often, the membrane is injured by a rusty spring or rod. These assemblies, along with seals, can be found in repair kits available at your plumbing supply store.
The control system of a water pumping station includes several elements, among which the relay occupies an important place. It is responsible for automatic switch on, as well as turning off the pump according to pre-set parameters. The consumer buys equipment with manufacturer-adjusted settings.
During its operation, it may be necessary to adjust the pressure switch of the pumping station - you can do it yourself. This is the subject of our article.
What does it look like
Before adjusting the relay on your own examine his device. The water pressure switch for the pumping station has a compact design, which consists of a metal base and a cover made of plastic. On top of the base platform is placed contact Group, consisting of a terminal block, as well as two regulators. The pressure regulator for the pumping station is a spring that is pressed by a nut.
By pressing the spring nut, you can adjust the pressure in the system at which the pump turns on or off. The cover is attached to a screw on which a large spring is located. At the bottom of the base is a piston and a membrane. Pressure switch for different models equipment may differ in shape, size or location of elements, but at the same time they retain the design described by us.
How Relay Adjustment Works
How does the pressure switch for the pump unit work:
- The water pumped by the pump presses on the membrane, that on the piston, and it on the base of the relay of the pumping station.
- 220 watts of voltage passes through the contacts. The location of the platform depends on whether the contacts open or close, and this will turn the pump on or off.
- Spring adjusters balance piston action.
- As the consumer uses water, its amount in the system decreases, and the water pressure in the hydraulic tank drops. As a result, the spring manages to overpower the piston. The movement of the platform made at the same time provokes the closure of the contacts, which leads to the start of the pumping unit.
- The pump pumps water to fill the system. An increase in the volume of water causes the air in the hydraulic tank to act on the piston, which overcomes the resistance of the spring and slowly shifts the platform.
- The amount of displacement depends on the compression of the smaller spring. As soon as the platform reaches a predetermined level, the contacts will open and the pump will turn off.
Now we can conclude how to set up a pumping station. By compressing a large spring, you can adjust the value of the lower pressure in the pumping station, at which the pump will turn on. Accordingly, the upper pressure in the system is regulated by the compression of a small spring. The difference between the opening and closing values depends on the small spring regulator.
VIDEO: Reasons for job failure
The value of the hydraulic tank (hydroaccumulator)
You can correctly configure the pumping station only by adjusting the hydraulic tank. The set parameters determine how long the pumping station will serve you, as well as what the water pressure will be. A hydraulic tank, which is also called a hydraulic accumulator (GA), is a sealed container with parts. One part (rubber bulb) is designed to receive fluid from a running pump. The other part is around the pear. There is air in there.
Under the action of air, a pear with water is compressed and, thereby, water pressure is provided in the water pipes of the house. It is thanks to this HA device that when the consumer opens the tap, the water flows under pressure without the pump running. Therefore, it is very important to correctly adjust the pumping station.
Correct adjustment air pressure in the HA contributes to the extension of the life of the water unit. A value that is too high causes the pump to start frequently. This mode of operation leads to rapid wear of the equipment. An underestimated value negatively affects the operation of the pear. It will overstretch.
VIDEO: What pressure to pump into the accumulator
How to set up a hydraulic tank
You can adjust the GA of the pumping station with your own hands. We offer guidance:
- Open the bottom faucet and wait for all the water to flow out.
- We check the pressure in the GA. For this, a car pressure gauge is best suited (it is desirable that it has been previously tested). An ordinary automobile spool is placed on the GA, which is closed with a cap.
Experts believe that for a hydraulic tank with a volume of 20-25 liters, the optimal value is 1.4-1.7 bar, and 50-100 liters - 1.7-1.9 bar.
How to adjust the pressure? If the value is less than the optimal, then pump up, and more - play off. It is advisable to carry out such manipulation every month. Sometimes there is an air leak. It is very important that the pear is not for a long time in an empty state. She will fall into disrepair.
Procedure
How to set up a pumping station pressure switch? After you have adjusted the GA, you can set the pressure switch for the water unit.
Adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station begins with measurements of the current indicators of its operation. This stage is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- Open the bottom tap so that water flows out of the system.
- We fix the upper value. It is necessary to turn on the pump so that it pumps water into the system. When it turns on, we record the pressure gauge reading.
- We mark the lower value. We open the far faucet of the system to release some water and provoke the pump to turn on. We write down the value of the pressure gauge when the device is started.
- We calculate the current difference between the pressure gauge readings.
In addition to fixing the values, visually evaluate the water pressure. Fully open the valve farthest from the pump. If you want to increase the water pressure, then you need to tighten the large spring regulator harder. Loosening the nut has the opposite effect. Be sure to unplug the equipment first.
Do-it-yourself adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station
How to adjust the pressure switch? The optimal value for the difference in readings is 1.4 bar. If you have a lower value, then the pump starts more often. This ensures a very uniform water supply. But this mode leads to too rapid wear of the equipment.
When the value of the difference exceeds the recommended one, the pump operates in a gentle mode - it starts less often than provided by the manufacturer. The consumer will observe quite noticeable drops in water pressure. The pump station will need to be adjusted. How to set up the pumping station pressure switch before desired value this setting?
The pressing force of the small spring adjuster. Turn the nut very carefully. A small spring is more sensitive than a large one. In order to increase the value of the difference, the spring must be compressed more. Accordingly, the weakening of the spring regulator leads to the opposite effect.
After you have completed the pressure adjustment yourself, according to the algorithm we proposed, be sure to check the new indicators. Perform again in the same sequence all the steps described above. If the setting of the pressure switch of the pumping station did not suit you, then repeat everything again until you are satisfied with the result. We wish you success!
VIDEO: Pressure switch adjustment procedure
A household pumping station is purchased to avoid problems with the distribution of cold water throughout the cottage. This technique operates completely offline and does not require special supervision. However, if it is poorly adjusted, then there will be zero sense from the equipment. Only a competent adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station will allow the water supply system to work with maximum efficiency.
The device and principle of operation of the relay
The pressure switch that comes with the pumping station monitors the volume of water in the accumulator and, if necessary, “turns on / off” the hydraulic pump. If the tank is empty, then the automation starts it. And then, when the set filling level is reached, the relay turns off the pump again. So the necessary pressure is automatically maintained in the water supply of the cottage, human participation in this process is not required.
A typical pumping station control relay consists of:
Two springs (each with an adjusting nut);
Flange for connecting to a tee on a water supply system;
Membrane that responds to changes in the water pressure system;
Contact plate switching the power supply circuit of the hydraulic pump;
Power and ground terminals.
Scheme of the device of internal elements
The relay springs of the pumping station are designed to set the parameters for switching on and off pressure. The large one is responsible for setting the lower threshold of operation, and the small one located next to it is for the upper limit of the termination of work. The first "turns on" the pump, and the second "turns off" it.
Without such automation, equipment pumping water will have to be constantly turned on and off with handles. These are the pros and cons of the pile foundation and other options must be carefully weighed in order to choose optimal base for a cottage. With a relay that controls the water pressure of the pumping station, everything is much simpler. It is necessary by definition.
In the initial state, a large spring presses the plate to the maximum, which leads to the closing of the contacts of the circuit supplying the pumping equipment. Power is supplied to the pump motor. When the upper pressure threshold is reached, the plate rises under the simultaneous pressure of a small spring and a membrane, after which the circuit opens.
And then the water is wasted. As a result, the pressure decreases and the membrane contracts. The plate again closes the contacts that supply power to the pump. The process of the pumping station starts on a new cycle.
Preparation of the storage tank of the pumping station
Before adjusting the pressure switch itself, it is necessary to prepare the accumulator. It consists of a sealed container and a rubber pear that divides this tank into two parts inside. When pumping water into the first pump, air pressure rises in the second. Then this air mass, with its pressure on the pear, will maintain the pressure in the water supply pipe.
Hydraulic accumulator (storage tank)
In order for the pumping station to work in the optimal mode, it is necessary to correctly select the air pressure for the accumulator. If you make it too high or too low, then the hydraulic pump will start up too often. This setting is a direct path to rapid equipment wear.
The required air pressure in the accumulator is set after it is completely empty of water. After its descent, air is pumped at the rate of 1.4–1.7 atmospheres for a tank of 20–25 liters and 1.7–1.9 atmospheres with a larger volume. Specific values should be viewed in the technical passport of the station.
Pressure setting and adjustment
To independently configure the relay in question, you do not need to have special knowledge in plumbing. It will take a long time to figure out how to sheathe a house with siding or mount SIP panels according to the rules. There are many more nuances of work. With the adjustment of the pressure switch of the pumping station, everything is much simpler. All you need to do is follow five steps.
To set up the water pressure switch, you must:
Disconnect the pump, and then drain the water from the cold water pipeline.
Turn on the hydraulic pump and record the pressure gauge reading when the relay turns off (this is the value of the lower threshold set by the large spring).
Open the water supply tap farthest from the pumping station and track the numbers on the pressure gauge when the pump turns on again (this is the upper threshold adjusted by a small spring).
If the pressure in the open tap at the start of the hydraulic pump was too low, then it is necessary to increase the cut-off pressure by screwing the nut on the large spring. With excessively strong pressure, it should, on the contrary, be slightly weakened.
With the help of a small spring, the delta between the upper and lower thresholds is set within 1.5–2 atmospheres.
To complete the adjustment of the pressure switch, the water from the system is completely drained again, and then the station is connected to the network. If everything is set up correctly, then the pressure in the taps should be satisfactory. Everything is extremely simple. This is the choice of building materials for the house and the layout of a plot of 15 acres of rectangular shape will take a lot of time. The pressure switch is set up in just half an hour.
Possible errors when debugging the pressure switch
When adjusting the relay, it must be remembered that a small spring is more sensitive than a large one. The nut on the first must be turned slowly and carefully. And most importantly, the small spring does not set the water pressure itself to turn off the pump, but the delta between the thresholds for the automation.
This difference during tuning is recommended to be selected in the region of 2 atm. This corresponds to the normal filling of the accumulator with water (half). If the delta is set to about 1 atm, then the tank will be filled only by 25–30%. And this is too little, the pump will run idle.
Another point - the lower threshold should not exceed 80% of the maximum pressure for a particular relay that comes with pumping equipment. If the pressure in the taps is insufficient, then the relay switch will have to be changed to a more “powerful” one.
It is recommended to check the pressure of the pumping station once every six months. You will need to completely drain the water. And then turn it on, checking the real values of the thresholds on the pressure gauge. In general, adjusting the water pressure at a home autonomous water supply station should not cause problems. It is necessary to tighten with a wrench or a screwdriver only a couple of nuts on two springs.
