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Wiring diagram for a wood-burning heating boiler. Scheme of heating a private house with a solid fuel boiler. Scheme of installation of a solid fuel boiler with a circulation pump

Heating system makes it possible not to depend on established norms consumption, pricing policy of heat suppliers and their mood. This makes it possible to independently control the heating process and maintain the most comfortable temperature at home, saving resources at the same time.

And if you have a do-it-yourself piping of the heating boiler, then it will last longer, and it will “take away” less financial resources, right? But you have never been engaged in strapping, and at first glance the word itself seems incomprehensible to you?

Do not be afraid of the abundance of pipes, devices and technological stages - after reading the article, this work will be up to you. Here are the strapping schemes for floor and wall types heating equipment, matched visual photos and recommendations of specialists for strapping at home.

The piping of the heating boiler is a system of pipelines and equipment designed to provide radiators with coolant. Simply put, it's everything but the batteries.

The first step is the choice of a heating boiler, the performance of which must be determined in advance.

For calculation required power heating unit influenced by many factors, these are:

• volume of the building;
• number of windows and total area glazing;
• number and area of ​​doorways;
• thermal conductivity of materials used in the construction of walls;
• degree of insulation of load-bearing structures;
• average annual temperature in the construction region;
• the location of the building, i.e. which side of the world faces the main, traditionally the most glazed facade.

However, there is an average indicator that, without in-depth calculations, allows you to determine the required performance.

For middle lane as a starting point (but not a guide to action!) You can take 1 kW per 10 m² of heated area. TO rated power heating boiler, it is necessary to add a margin of at least 20%.

Heat for heating buildings is obtained by processing fuel in boilers that heat the coolant

Types of heating boilers

Conventionally, heating boilers can be divided into autonomous and manual loading.

Autonomous boilers, depending on the fuel used, are:

• liquid fuel.

The order in the list determines the cost of heating depending on the type of fuel: gas boilers will be the cheapest to operate.

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Solid fuel boilers do not lose their relevance and popularity. Even with the availability of mains gas and electricity, solid fuel is often more efficient or more cost-effective for home heating. To use it, it is useful to familiarize yourself with how the strapping is performed. solid fuel boiler heating, a scheme that will work best in the house.

Ways to connect the boiler to the heating circuit

The composition of the equipment and the piping of the boiler directly depends on the type of heating circuit chosen, the method of circulation of the coolant and the degree of automation of the process, such as fine-tuning the climate or simply adjusting the heating of the coolant.

The task of the entire strapping complex:

• Provide uniform distribution heat in the heating circuit.
• Protect people and equipment from any emergency and emergency situations, minimizing the consequences of a breakdown.
• Reducing the influence of the periodicity in the operation of a solid fuel boiler, since the main power is given out only after the ignition of the next fuel load, while heat transfer decreases with its burnout.

Automation

First of all, you need to ensure the trouble-free operation of the boiler itself. To control the process of burning fuel (wood, coal or pallets), it is enough to take control of the supply fresh air to the furnace. WITH solid fuel boilers this means using automation units based on the controller, thermostat and blower in the piping.

In the very simple version the draft regulator will help automate the operation of the boiler. Simple constructive solution, in which the non-volatile thermostat takes part. Depending on the temperature of the outgoing gases or the coolant in the heat exchanger, the draft regulator changes the degree of tension of the chain connected to the gate, thereby changing the level of air supply to the combustion chamber.

For full-fledged control and automation, one cannot do without including a controller in the harness that can set the optimal mode of operation of the solid fuel unit. It relies on data from several temperature sensors and controls the fan that supplies air to the furnace. A solid fuel boiler control kit will cost an average of $ 25-45 and will provide:

• Adjustment of fuel combustion activity depending on the coolant temperature.
• Fuel economy, avoiding senseless burning and heat emission into the pipe.
• Improving the safety of the boiler by installing forced draft and controlling the removal of combustion products.
• Automatic shutdown of the boiler when the water in the heat exchanger overheats, preventing a rupture or other serious consequences.

However, the automation unit simultaneously makes the solid fuel boiler volatile, therefore, for non-stop and quality work you will need to get a powerful uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

The composition of the binding

Security group

It implies a standard set of equipment, including:

• disruptive safety valve;
• automatic air vent;
• manometer.

It is advisable to purchase the safety group in finished form, selecting the elements in strict accordance with the heating project and the characteristics of the solid fuel boiler. In this arrangement, the safety group is in demand primarily in closed heating systems, where it is maintained stably high blood pressure coolant. How to choose a security group is described in this article.

A group is installed in a harness only in compliance with four basic rules:

• directly next to the boiler at the hot outlet;
• the pipe section from the boiler to the group must be made with the same pipe section, without narrowing and preferably without the use of bends and turns;
• it is unacceptable to install shutoff valves between the boiler and the safety group;
• the group and specifically the air vent is mounted at the highest point of the circuit.

For natural circulation with a closed circuit, the distance from the boiler to the safety group can be several meters, from which the efficiency of the blast valve drops significantly.

Expansion tank

To compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant in the piping of the heating circuit, an expansion tank is used:

• leaky for open type systems;
• membrane - for sealed closed heating systems.

In the first case, this may be a container with a volume of at least 10% of the total volume of the coolant in the circuit. It is installed at the highest point of the contour. The height of the installation also determines the operating pressure of the system. Performs the functions of a security group. The tank is not isolated from environment and due to the installation at the highest point, it ensures the effective removal of the air circulating in the pipes. With excessive expansion of the coolant, excess water enters the tank or is discharged into the sewer if the allowable volume is exceeded.

The expansion tank of the membrane type is designed for closed heating systems in which the operating pressure is artificially set at 1.5-2.5 atmospheres. Inside the tank, the space is divided by an elastic rubber membrane into two chambers: the coolant enters one, and air is pumped into the second under pressure.

An expansion tank is installed at the hot outlet of the boiler after the safety group or at the cold lower connection after piping the circulation pump.

1 - solid fuel boiler, 2 - safety group, 3 - thermostatic regulator, 4 - three-way valve, 5 - circulation pump, 6 - membrane-type expansion tank, 7 - coarse filter, 8 - radiators, 9 - heat accumulator

Bypass and selection of distribution pipes

A bypass is a pipe section connected in parallel to any node in the heating circuit. It is needed to reduce the overall hydraulic resistance of the circuit and to be able to control and regulate the volume of coolant entering a separate unit, radiator, storage tank, expansion tank, etc.

With a solid fuel boiler, bypasses must be installed on each radiator and storage tank, without exception, so that a circuit is formed in which the coolant can circulate by default without any obstacles and problems and regardless of the throughput of each individual element.

In addition, it is desirable to install a bypass on the boiler itself. In fact, this forms a small circulation circuit in which the boiler is tied to itself.

However, this can be done only if the piping of the solid fuel unit includes overheating protection, an automation unit that will prevent water from boiling.

The presence of a small circuit in a system with forced circulation allows, without changing the load on the pump and without resorting to fine-tuning the operation of the boiler, to control the heating of the house. With the help of a three-way valve with a thermostatic head, it is possible to set the target temperature in the heating circuit in a narrow range and hot water from the boiler will flow only when necessary to replenish the spent energy.

Basic requirements for pipes for heating solid fuel boilers:

• The section directly from the boiler along the hot and cold outlet at a distance of up to 1.5 meters is made exclusively of metal, and then, if necessary, a transition to metal-plastic is mounted.
• To the main piping units (safety group, circulation pump, expansion tank) it is mounted with pipes of the maximum allowable section to reduce hydraulic resistance.
• The distribution pipes must necessarily correspond to the temperature regime of the boiler and the heating system with a margin of up to 20%.

storage capacity

Bypass and a small circuit with a three-way valve completely solve the problem with setting the heating from the radiators. However, this does not solve the problem with the boiler, which is forced to work intermittently or is often turned off by the decision of the automation, after which it will have to be melted again.

The storage tank in the solid fuel heating piping is a large-volume insulated tank filled with a coolant. Due to the high heat capacity of water in the battery, thermal energy during periods of maximum heat output from the boiler. As soon as the fuel loading burns out and the temperature of the coolant in the main circuit decreases, heat begins to flow from the heat accumulator, smoothing out temperature fluctuations. The heat accumulator is installed parallel to the main circuit.

By design, they distinguish:

• pass-through heat accumulators, in which the coolant directly accumulates, increasing the total volume of water in the system;
• accumulators with heat exchangers in the form of built-in coils or pipe registers.

Piping scheme for a solid fuel heating boiler

The main principles for choosing a heating system for a home are economy, efficiency, and ease of use. Consider how it will look with solid fuel boilers and what rules must be observed during installation.

Features of solid fuel boilers

Gas supply and centralized power supply in Russia are still not everywhere. Gas is cheap only in capital cities, and even there it is getting more expensive. Electricity is expensive everywhere.

Communication networks leave much to be desired: power outages, sudden voltage drops are common outside the city. It is not always possible to connect to the main gas, and the purchase of liquefied gas in cylinders is an energy-intensive business.

Heating with a solid fuel boiler has several advantages:

• you can stop at the type of fuel that is the cheapest in your area - firewood, peat, coal, wood waste etc.;
• solid fuel boilers are the cheapest in the category. Models are more expensive long burning, but their thermal efficiency is higher;
• a large assortment. Automation and auxiliary elements strapping can be purchased separately if necessary;
• Unlike gas units installation of a solid fuel boiler does not require permission from the local administration.

Now for the cons:

• fire hazard. But this shortcoming is also gas models, and diesel ones. And in case of problems with wiring - even with electric ones;
• the need to monitor the amount of firewood / coal in the firebox. A solid fuel boiler will not work just “turn it on and forget it”. Less often, it is required to put fuel in pellet and long-burning boilers, but they are not too autonomous in this regard;
• combustion process solid fuel difficult to manage (for other units, it is enough to block gas cock or turn off the power). The inertia of solid fuel boilers is high, and the whole system, respectively, too.

Types of solid fuel boilers

Varieties of solid fuel heating boilers differ in the type of fuel:

• firewood;
• coal;
• pellets and briquettes;
• peat;
• woodworking waste;
• universal boilers for two or more fireboxes.

In addition, there are combined models for two or more energy sources: wood + electricity, wood / diesel / gas, etc. Their acquisition is justified if:

• in your area, the two energy carriers are equally available and inexpensive. Firewood has run out - switch to gas, power outages - to firewood, and so on;
• in order to save money. For example, if you have a two-tariff payment for electricity, heat with wood during the day, and at night (when electricity is cheap) switch to fully automated electric heating.

There are t / t boilers classic and long burning. Types of the latter:

• with top ignition. When the flame spreads from top to bottom, the bookmark burns out more slowly;
• with an extended firebox and limited air supply. The horizontal spread of the flame is also slower. By reducing the oxygen needed for combustion, you reduce the intensity of the flame;
• pyrolysis are equipped with two chambers: fuel burns in one, gases released during combustion are burned in the second. The thermal efficiency of these units is the highest, but they are more expensive than the others.

Solid fuel boiler piping

The package of a solid fuel boiler rarely includes a circulation pump, automation, and a security group. The owner buys all this himself, guided by the peculiarities of his heating system.

Regardless of the type of wiring, the pipeline should be equipped with safety devices (see below). The second stage is to ensure the functionality of the system and comfort when using it. A couple of devices should be mentioned here:

• heat accumulator. Thanks to his work, in the process of rebooting the boiler, there will be no sudden temperature changes in the house. This is a large volume tank that is installed between the boiler and the system on the supply pipe. To adjust the temperature at the outlet of the tank, a mixer with a three-way valve is installed;
• boiler indirect heating for hot water supply, they are connected in parallel with the heating system. They are equipped with a mixer and their own pump, so that when moving from the boiler to consumers, the water does not have time to cool.

Whether or not to purchase a pump if hot water is not provided depends on the wiring. Consider its main types.

Open system with natural circulation

This installation scheme is considered the safest for a solid fuel boiler: even with a sharp increase in pressure and temperature, an accident is unlikely. Differences of an open system from others:

• an open expansion tank is used in the circuit (it is installed at the highest point of the pipeline);
• there is no circulation pump. Water moves through pipes due to natural gravity. For this design, pipes are chosen larger section and install them at a slight angle so that the water moves by gravity.

Advantages of open systems:

• since there is no pump, the heating is not dependent on the mains. IN suburban conditions problems with power grids are a common thing: interruptions due to broken wires, power surges;
• strapping equipment will cost less (there is no pump, an open tank is cheaper than a membrane tank).

• installation is technically more difficult - it is necessary to observe the necessary slope of the pipes, install the piping elements at a certain height;
• inevitable entry into the system of oxygen, which leads to corrosion of pipes and metal fittings;
• for the same reason, airing of the circuit is inevitable;
• the coolant partially evaporates, it has to be replenished;
• even with large pipe diameters, natural circulation is slower than forced circulation. It is necessary to equip all heating appliances with control valves, to minimize the number of shut-off valves, but even in this case, the heating of the circuit will be uneven.

Closed circuit with natural circulation

There is no pump, but the expansion tank is different - a closed (membrane) type. The system configuration will be the same as in the previous case (large-section pipes installed at a slope), but some of the disadvantages of an open circuit can be avoided:

• Oxygen does not enter the pipeline through the tank, i.e. slower airing and development of corrosion of the inner walls;
• you do not have to regularly restore the amount of coolant in the circuit.

When choosing this type of wiring, consider:

• the capacity of the tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the coolant;
• a safety valve is required on the supply pipe. When the pressure in the system exceeds the critical one (i.e. more than three atmospheres), the valve discharges excess coolant;
• an air vent is installed at the top of the circuit.

Scheme of installation of a solid fuel boiler with a circulation pump

A system with a pump can only be closed. The advantages of forced circulation are obvious:

• high speed of movement of the coolant, uniform heating of all rooms;
• large diameter pipes are not required;
• there are no difficulties in the installation of the pipeline: it is not necessary to observe the slope, the height of the membrane tank is unprincipled.

Since the pressure is higher in a system with forced circulation, the requirements for the safety group are also increased.

The installation of such a circuit provides for the possibility of switching to natural circulation in the event of a pump breakdown or power outages: the pump is connected in parallel, on a bypass with shut-off valves.

Most often, the pump is embedded in the pipeline at the site return pipe near the boiler, here is the most low temperature. This allows you to save the resource of the device and is therefore safer for the entire system: when installed on the supply pipe, if the water in the boiler boils, the vapors will block the circulation, which is fraught with an accident.

On the return side, a filter is installed in front of the pump.

Collector wiring

In a long, highly branched pipeline of a large cottage, one pump may not be enough. In this case, they are installed two or even more, for each circuit its own. Separate underfloor heating, radiators, hot water. Since the temperature of underfloor heating is initially low (within 50 degrees), you can install the pump at the inlet to the circuit.

Optimal wiring for big house with several circuits - collector (beam). The coolant enters each circuit from the boiler through its own pipe. Heat is distributed evenly, the liquid does not cool down, sequentially passing through the entire system.

The collector includes at least two combs, direct and reverse. The corresponding lines from the boiler fit to the ends of the combs, and direct / return pipes of the circuits are connected in parallel to the fittings on their bodies - radiators and underfloor heating, different floors, utility rooms, DHW - each with its own temperature regime.

At the inlet to the collector, a pressure gauge and a safety valve are installed, with opposite side on the "hot" comb - an air vent, on the "cold" - a tap for draining the coolant from the system. Pipes are equipped with control valves - this is one way to install different temperature in contours. A large house may have several pairs of combs.

Another way to set different modes is the hydraulic gun. A vertical section of a large-section pipe is connected to a straight pipe and a boiler return, and circuits are connected to the body at different heights. The higher the connection, the hotter the coolant.

In small circuits, the temperature can be controlled as follows: the free ends of the combs are connected by a bypass to a shut-off valve. When the valve is opened, cool water from the return is mixed into hot water from the supply pipe.

Functions of control and safety devices:

• protection of the pipeline from depressurization due to a sharp increase in pressure;
• protection against overheating of the boiler itself;
• temperature control;
• prevention of condensation. This usually happens due to too large a temperature fork between the supply and return. The optimum temperature delta is 20 degrees.

This group of devices includes:

• safety valve to relieve excess pressure / excess coolant;
• control pressure gauge;
• air vent;
• emergency heat exchanger;
• control fittings, incl. thermostatic valves.

Mounting Features

Solid fuel boilers are not among the environmentally friendly equipment; a boiler room is needed to install them. During installation, a number of rules are observed:

• from the firebox to the wall, at least 1 meter of free space should be left;
• ventilation ducts must be equipped half a meter from the floor and a maximum of 40 centimeters from the ceiling;
• there should be no combustible substances in the boiler room;
• in front of the firebox, a metal or asbestos sheet should be laid at least 50 by 70 cm in size;
• a chimney is installed above the boiler. Recommended chimney parameters are in the boiler manual.

The chimney pipe must be inspection hatches for soot removal. At the junction with the boiler, a condensate collector is arranged. Parts of a metal pipe located in cold rooms (unheated attic, etc.) must be wrapped heat-insulating material for protection against condensation and icing.

Thermal insulation material for chimneys - basalt wool. All other heaters are flammable to one degree or another.

The piping scheme for boiler rooms for a private house with a heat accumulator and a standard solid fuel boiler is one of the most reliable and popular combinations. The construction of the scheme begins with the arrangement of the piping of the solid fuel boiler, as well as the placement of the buffer tank. This element is installed in order to obtain an additional natural circulation circuit. Thus, a siding is created along which water will be directed in the event of an unplanned short-term power outage and a sudden stop of the pump.

Let's consider a contour with natural circulation - gravitational. When drawing up a plan, we avoid bends, we try to minimize the number of knees so as not to create unnecessary resistance. Based on the size of the nozzles of the boiler used, we select the diameter of the pipes for the circuit. Standard option- no more than 1.5 inches.

The coolant circulates inside the gravitational circuit without the help of a pump due to the temperature difference created. In the event that, due to a power outage or for another reason, the circulation of hot water stops, the solid fuel boiler will boil. To avoid this dangerous situation an additional gravity circuit is used - in order to prevent an accident in the event of a pump stop.

Sometimes the temperature of a solid fuel boiler increases and can exceed the limit of 100 degrees. For this reason, we tie the contour from metal pipes. We add a pump to the intended circuit. To do this, we plan a workaround, where we install a safety petal check valve to a selected section of the gravitational contour. Choose a valve with minimal resistance. An adapter with a standard resistance may interfere with the circulation of the coolant.

In normal mode, the circulation pump creates pressure on the valve, keeping it closed. At the same time, water circulates freely along the usual path. At the moment the pump stops, the boiler continues to heat the water, but the built-in valve will work and will not allow water to pass through the main circle.

Hot water mixing and valve addition

In order for the system to work, it is necessary to provide automatic mixing of hot water into the return line. Thus, we increase the temperature of the water entering the boiler. If too cold coolant gets into it, the boiler can quickly fail. There are several common strapping schemes with the addition of a return. We use a three-way mixing thermostatic valve. Installing this valve allows you to form a small circle of circulation of the coolant, as a result of which the heating of the boiler will accelerate. This approach prevents the formation of condensate, thereby protecting the heat exchanger from damage due to a significant temperature difference.

Let's imagine a simulated situation. We set the built-in petal valve to operate when the temperature reaches 55 degrees. When the boiler is started, the water in the system is not heated and while it is cold, the valve closes and lets the carrier go in a small circle. After the supply water heated up to the threshold value of 55 degrees, the valve opened slightly and began to mix in chilled water from the return. At the next stage, the entire barrel is heated, while the return temperature will also rise above 55 degrees. At this point, the valve will fully switch and let water flow through the large ring.

After connecting the return flow, we add a pressure relief valve to the solid fuel boiler piping circuit. It is necessary in case of exceeding performance. The solid fuel boiler has a special hole for mounting the valve. In other models, the valve can be installed through a tee. We include an expansion tank in the system. After it, to complete the piping on the side of the heat generator, it is necessary to connect an electric boiler. It is included in the circuit in parallel with the already installed solid fuel boiler.

We have formed two feeds, on each of them it is necessary to install check valves. This is done so that the pump of one of the boilers does not pump water along the working circuit in opposition to the other. Recall that on a solid fuel boiler we use not an ordinary, but a petal valve.

Piping of solid fuel boiler and buffer tank

The simplest will be a piping scheme containing a buffer tank with a pre-installed DHW coil. The advantage of this option will be significant space savings in the boiler room due to the absence of a separate boiler. Another added plus is the modest savings on investment due to the lack of the need to buy and install another node. This option simplifies the maintenance process of the system, since there will be no problem fighting bacteria.

In summer, a heat accumulator with a DHW coil becomes a full-fledged indirect heating boiler. The pump is connected to the circuit with a standard inch pipe; a ¾ or inch pipe is well suited for an electric boiler. If it is planned to install a buffer tank with a volume of at least 1000 liters, then it is more economical and advisable to slightly raise the return from the electric boiler and connect the main circuit not from below, but above, to the middle outlets of the heat accumulator. With such a scheme, the boiler will not constantly heat the entire volume, which will reduce the rate of its depreciation. This parameter depends on the specification.

If it is required to tie not a solid fuel, but a gas boiler, then the same circuit diagram is used as for an electric one. It should be noted that in the scheme we are considering, a standard electric boiler already contains everything you need:

• pump;
• pressure meter;
• safety valve.

If you choose a model in which these parts are missing, the boiler will have to be tied up accordingly.

Connection to the heating system

The prepared circuit is directly connected to the heating system. From the point of view of safety, it must be remembered that a solid fuel boiler at some points can give an excessively high temperature. The storage barrel may contain water at a temperature of 90-100 degrees. For standard home heating radiators, this is too much. Can be severely burned if accidentally touched. For this reason, another mixing valve needs to be added to the circuit. It will mix the cooled water into the circuit.

If the house has underfloor heating, it is possible to connect them to the radiator circuit for return flow. Another pump will need to be installed. The connection will go to mixing unit. Due to the high temperature, water is not taken directly from the heated heat exchanger, but through a safety mixing valve. This part is installed so that when working with the system and checking it, you do not get scalded by hot steam.

At the next stage, we connect the coolant recirculation line in the system through a special pump. We arrange check valves in the circuit in accordance with the diagram. This completes the complete set of functional elements, let's move on to the fittings.

Another filter is required in front of the boilers. Then, at the highest points of the system, we install additional automatic air vents. Next, we provide draining and filling the system. To do this, we arrange ball valves so that in the future we carry out technical inspection and repair of equipment without draining the coolant from the circuit. Cranes are needed for:

• expansion tank;
• boilers;
• pump.

In the event that there are no standard thermometers on the boilers, they are installed additionally. You will also need two control thermometers located on the buffer tank. They will facilitate the control of the system and its adjustment.

Reinforcement insulation

Consider the issue of the need for insulation of reinforcement. Long pipes, many fittings and high operating temperatures in the system lead to heat losses. At finished facilities, heating equipment that is not properly insulated overheats the surrounding space. In the room where the boiler and heat accumulator are installed, the temperature can reach plus 27 degrees in hard frost. Fuel is wasted and system efficiency is reduced. After the pipes are insulated, it is possible to win back a few degrees and reduce fuel consumption.

When insulating fittings, one must remember that when working from the side of the boilers, the pipes get very hot, as they can transport water hotter than 100 degrees. Polyethylene foam insulation is not suitable in this case. It can only be installed in another part of the circuit from the side of the radiators of the heating system. In a boiler room, it is better to wear rubber insulation that is more resistant to heat on hot pipes. Fittings and other fittings should also be insulated.

For safety reasons it is not recommended to isolate the pumps. This equipment has a limitation that the ambient temperature cannot be exceeded. If the pumps are insulated from the boiler side, then they can be insulated too much, and this is unacceptable.

Boiler connection diagram

Consider another piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler, in which, in addition to the heat accumulator, there is a boiler. We will not alter the boiler part, we will leave it unchanged. Similarly to the previous scheme, we will connect the entire heating system. Only the indirect heating boiler added to the planned circuit will be new. Inside the model we have chosen, there is a coil through which the heated coolant passes. Thanks to this, water is heated directly and pumped using a special pump. Based on the experience of previously used circuits, I recommend using the leads connected to the boiler away from those connected to the boiler itself and heating radiators.

At the output of the prepared hot water from the boiler, it is necessary to install another expansion tank. After that, on entering the system cold water we cut in the petal safety valve. According to this scheme, it is permissible to bring hot water without additional inserts directly into the bathrooms. The pipes will not be too hot - the boiler automatically controls the temperature of the coolant inside itself.

It may be useful to install an additional mixer at the outlet, since it is periodically necessary to carry out preventive disinfection of the internal cavity with high temperature in the boiler. When the system heats up, there is a possibility of scalding with steam if at this moment someone opens the hot water. In addition, the mixer will allow you to leave an increased supply of hot water in the boiler. To do this, the electric boiler must be connected to the boiler, but the circuit will be built directly according to a different scheme.

The recirculation line in the boiler is connected through a special additional outlet. We connect fittings to the circuit according to the scheme discussed above. Please note - in the above diagrams, only the hydraulic part is disassembled in detail, without the installation of insulation.

If the piping of the solid fuel boiler is done correctly, this significantly affects the life of the heating equipment, prevents the occurrence of emergencies, and ensures stable work heating systems. Connection diagrams may vary, but there are general installation principles that must be followed during installation of the water circuit.

Options for piping a solid fuel boiler

The scheme for connecting a solid fuel boiler to the heating system is selected, depending on the technical characteristics of the heated building. When choosing, pay attention to several parameters:

1. Type of coolant circulation.
2. Type of heating system.
3. Simultaneous use of radiator heating and underfloor heating system.

The choice of piping affects the thermal characteristics and parameters of the heating system, therefore, the selection of a suitable circuit should not be taken lightly.

According to the type of coolant circulation, it is customary to distinguish between the following schemes:


In addition to the distribution of systems according to the type of coolant circulation, it is customary to divide several more schemes on a similar basis:


According to their device or connection principle, it is customary to distinguish several more common heating schemes:


There are modern piping systems for solid fuel boilers using a hydraulic arrow and a collector group. Such solutions are used if it is planned to connect water circuits using the principle of high and low temperature heating. The hydraulic arrow is installed in a heating system with underfloor heating.

When choosing a heating system with a solid fuel boiler, they are guided by the following points:

1. The cost of tying.
2. Thermal characteristics of the room.

When calculating and choosing a suitable piping scheme, one cannot do without competent advice from a heating engineer.

Piping scheme without heat accumulator

When choosing a method of tying a solid fuel heating boiler, one of the decisive factors is the presence of a heat accumulator. If a buffer tank is not provided, the heating system is made using a small and large range of heating systems. Installation of a small circle is carried out according to the following rules:

The principle of operation of this scheme is as follows:

• After turning on the boiler, the heated coolant circulates through a small heating circle. A three-way valve prevents cold, unheated water from entering the heat exchanger. A large difference in the temperature at the supply and return leads to the fact that the boiler begins to "cry". A large amount of condensate is formed, which negatively affects the heat exchanger.
• The coolant gradually warms up and after heating above 60 ° C, a three-way valve opens. From this moment, it starts to work big circle heating systems.
• The small circle of the heating system continues to function as a mixing unit, preventing the coolant from boiling, and reducing the gap between the supply and return temperatures.

Piping with an indirect heating boiler

The piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a buffer tank is somewhat different from the previous version. In fact, a buffer tank or an indirect heating boiler is an ordinary thermos in which water is heated and stored for certain purposes.

A simple piping of a solid fuel boiler with a heat storage tank replaces a small heating circle and is performed as follows:

• The container is installed between the boiler and the heating system.
• The supply pipeline is connected to the upper part of the boiler, the system return is connected to the lower part.
• Two circulation pumps are installed on the return line. Performance pumping equipment should be different. The settings are set in such a way that the movement of the coolant in the buffer tank is carried out from top to bottom. This can be achieved by placing a circulation pump of greater productivity in front of the drive, and less after it.

Tying a solid fuel boiler with an indirect heating boiler performs several important functions:

• Reduces the temperature difference between the supply and return of the heating system.
• Allows you to accumulate the received heat and mix hot water into the heating system, after burning firewood in the boiler.

Piping a solid fuel boiler with an indirect heating boiler is a connection standard in Western countries. Among the domestic consumer, the scheme is not widely popular, due to the relatively high cost of acquiring and installing the necessary equipment.

Boiler TT piping together with an electric boiler

The wiring diagram, including the installation and parallel use of an electric boiler, together with a TT unit, is very popular. The advantage of this solution is the possibility of using a cheap solid fuel boiler. And after the combustion of firewood or coal in the furnace, in the absence of the possibility of adding a new portion of fuel, an automatic transition to electricity is carried out.

The binding is performed as follows:

• Two boilers are connected in parallel.
• A circulation pump is installed in the electric boiler. For a solid fuel unit, you will need to install pumping equipment.
• To prevent the appearance of a duplicate flow of the coolant, while turning on two circulation pumps, a special valve is installed that blocks the flow. IN this case, a check valve in the heating system is needed so that, with the simultaneous operation of two boilers, the coolant does not stagnate in the boiler circuit. You will need to install two fittings. One valve is installed on the supply pipeline from the electric boiler, the second, on the return line going to the solid fuel boiler.
• The operability of the system will be provided by two thermal sensors. The room sensor is connected to the electric boiler. When the temperature in the rooms falls below the set minimum, the heating of the coolant with the help of electricity automatically starts. To prevent heat loss, a thermal sensor is also installed on the pump for the TT boiler, which turns off the circulation of the coolant when the combustion chamber cools down.

Which pipe to piping a solid fuel boiler

There are no strict rules governing which pipe to use for tying the boiler's TT. There is only one recommendation related to real operating experience.

A section of a small heating circle is made using metal strapping (steel, copper). This is done so that when the coolant boils and an emergency occurs, the pipes do not deteriorate and retain their tightness under the influence of high temperatures. The material of the rest of the pipeline can be chosen as desired.

The most common strapping options are:


Due to the fact that the heating of the coolant often reaches the boiling point of the liquid, tie a solid fuel boiler better pipes from metal. But, since this option is not always possible, the use of analogues is allowed. The use of polypropylene with glass fiber, in heating systems with a solid fuel boiler, has proven to be one of the most reliable and best ways strapping.

How and with what to insulate pipes

Pipe insulation is performed using Merilon or any other insulation designed for this purpose. If the pipeline is laid in the ground, as in the case of a free-standing boiler house, then, for additional protection, PET with a large diameter is used.

PET pipe protects against mechanical damage. The insulation is a kind of protection against condensation, preventing burns when accidentally touching the pipes, as well as reducing heat loss. Fix the insulation with clamps or knitting wire.

Necessary units and components for tying the boiler tt

The complete list of fittings for tying the boiler with the system depends on the chosen scheme, the presence or absence of a buffer tank and other equipment. With a standard connection, the following links are required:

• Thermostatic or thermomixing valve- necessary to stabilize the heating of the coolant and prevent overheating and boiling of the latter.
• Expansion tank- provided in any heating scheme. The membrane expansion tank is mounted in closed systems with forced circulation of the coolant. In gravity schemes, at the highest point of the water circuit, an open container is installed.
• Circulation pump- installed in closed and open systems with forced circulation of fluid in the water circuit. Some solutions, such as the use of a buffer tank, two boilers connected in parallel, require the installation of two circulation equipment modules at once.
• Check valve - coordinates the direction of the heat flow of the liquid. Used when connecting a membrane tank. Prevents the occurrence of a duplicate flow when connecting electric and solid fuel boilers.
• Collector - used when connecting underfloor heating and radiators at the same time. It is impossible to do without a collector in the manufacture of a radiant heating system, when a separate pipeline leads to each heater. The collector in the heating system is needed for most modern schemes heating.
• Air bleeder – automatic valve included as standard with the safety group. In automatic mode, it bleeds air from the heating system.
• System make-up valve- controls the pressure and total volume of the coolant in the system. When falling below the minimum value, it opens and replenishes the water circuit with liquid.
• System pressure sensor- also included in the security group. Shows the nominal pressure in the heating system, often the first to indicate overheating of the coolant. Thanks to the reconciliation of the readings of the thermometer and the pressure sensor (pressure gauge), it is convenient to set the required operating mode and set up automatic.
• Coarse filter- installed on the return line, directly in front of circulation pump. It is recommended that the filter be installed in front of the buffer tank, expansion tank and other sensitive elements of the heating system.
• hydraulic arrow- a hydraulic arrow in the heating system, needed for boilers using the principle of long burning and modulating power settings. In practice, this device replaces the buffer tank and has general principle work.
• Mixing unit or mixing unit- mixes hot and cold water from the heating claw to prevent boiling and reduce the difference between the supply and return of the coolant.

Ways to protect the tt of the boiler and the heating system from overheating

Boiling of the heating system is the main disadvantage of using solid fuel boilers. It is quite difficult to regulate the operation of the units. To prevent boiling, modern systems, use multilevel protection:

• Small heating circle– Initially, the circuit prevents condensation. After a large circle of heating has started working, the design plays the role of a mixing unit.
• Security group- Includes air vent, pressure gauge and pressure sensor. With excessive overheating, the pressure in the system rises, which leads to the failure of the valve and the discharge of a certain amount of water from the water circuit.
• Diaphragm tank - pressure in the expansion tank in closed system heating of a solid fuel boiler, varies, depending on the heating of the coolant. The capacity is selected based on the total volume of the coolant, according to special formulas. The pressure in the heating system must not exceed 2 mbar. Most heat exchangers of TT boilers do not withstand large parameters and are deformed when overheated.
• Buffer capacity- connecting a solid fuel heating boiler to the heating system through a storage boiler makes it virtually impossible for the coolant to boil.
• Circulation pump connection- when the power is turned off, the movement of the coolant stops, which leads to almost instantaneous boiling. Safety regulations require the pump to be connected via power supply.

The optimal volume of the heating system is calculated by the formula, 1 kW = 15 liters of water. The result obtained is used when selecting an expansion membrane tank or determining the required amount of coolant / antifreeze.

What is better to fill in the heating system when heated by a solid fuel boiler

The heating system, with a solid fuel boiler connected to it, can operate on almost any type of coolant. Several factors influence the choice:

• Building type - in heated rooms, it is more expedient to use ordinary water as a liquid for the heating system.
• If you plan to heat the building from time to time, it is better to use an antifreeze liquid.

antifreeze used for heating systems, in addition to its main quality (freezing at -15 ° C), it has one more property. To heat a liquid, a large amount of heat is required. Accordingly, boiling of antifreeze is observed less frequently than ordinary or distilled water.

The choice of piping for a solid fuel boiler affects the safety and service life of heating equipment. The calculation of the heating system requires the involvement of a qualified heat engineer.