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Rules for planting pears in spring and autumn. Basic rules for planting a pear in the summer with a closed root system - when is it better to plant How to plant a pear in the country

It is the most important stage in the cultivation of pears.

If it is not produced correctly, then a good harvest will ripen for a long time, or, quite possibly, the harvest may not wait at all.

How to choose the landing time

So, the first question that arises for a gardener who wants to plant is when is the best time to plant a pear in the spring? For the southern regions, this issue is easier to solve - autumn planting is more profitable, since in hot summer period it is more difficult for a seedling to take root. For the northern regions, everything is also unambiguous: spring time for planting, otherwise in winter the seedling will freeze and die.

What should summer residents who live in the middle lane do? Here you need to properly weigh the pros and cons. The advantage of spring planting is that there is no need to worry about possible frosts. During the summer and autumn, the plant gains strength, becomes strong, and it is easier for him to survive the winter under a special shelter. However autumn period boasts another advantage: at this time it is offered big choice seedlings, and autumn plants in the future, they are distinguished by increased resistance to frost.

Growing features

The tree is usually planted in spring period when the weather is warm enough and no drop in temperature is expected. Planting time is chosen from the end of March to the beginning of May. It all depends on the climate zone.

Important! H necessaryplant seedlings before the growing season - in other words, before the leaves bloom during hibernation.

The Importance of Lighting

Most often, the most illuminated place with dry and even soil is chosen for planting pears. This is very important for the future development of trees. In order for pollination to be complete, it is worth planting several varieties that bloom at the same time in a sunny area. Suitable for good metabolic processes and development of pears loose substrate, who does not miss excess water and air, retains moisture in the root layer.

Soil Requirements

Fruits develop better on the soil that is rich in nutrients. Do not plant pears in the lowlands. In such areas, the level is usually ground water located high, and this after the winter period adversely affects the plant.

The pear does not really like dark places, therefore, planting young tree, you need to try to allocate such a place so that the distance from the summer house is about 3 meters.

Important! The pear planting scheme should look like this: the correct distance between young seedlings is 5-6 meters.

Landing technology

Landing is carried out in specially prepared pits, which are dug out, taking into account the root system of the tree: the roots should be located freely, without any creases. For planting in the fall, they dig a hole in 1-2 weeks. For spring - prepare in the fall.

Did you know? How better harvest, the smaller the fruits on the trees. They are usually much larger on a young tree, so pears are pruned every year, brightening and rejuvenating the crown.

Seedling preparation

The site for the seedling is prepared in advance in September-October. For 1 square meter soil used up to 6 kilograms to 60 grams of the usual 15 grams of potassium sulfate. Fertilizer is evenly distributed over the site, and then dug up with a shovel.

Before placing the seedling in the prepared mound, you need to evenly distribute the roots of the tree and cover it with soil from above so that the upper part of the roots is 5 centimeters above ground level. The seedlings are shaken a couple of times so that there are no voids between the root and the soil.

For the speedy survival of the seedling, nutrient soil is added to the hole along with and In areas with dense soil, coarse-grained river sand can be additionally added to the middle of the hole.

How to prepare a hole

The pit is dug with the following dimensions: 80 centimeters wide and 70 centimeters deep. Digging is carried out with sheer walls: the fertile layer is folded to one side, and the clay to the other. Humus, turf with top soil are poured into the pit, and a mound is created. Humus and fill the soil with nutrients, and increase the coefficient of looseness.

If necessary, the soil for the seedling is treated with 500 grams of lime per 1 square meter, depending on the acidity and composition of the soil. The main part of the dose is applied in the fall, and the rest in the spring. Holes for seedlings are dug and filled in autumn according to a scheme identical to

How to plant a pear tree in spring

Planting is not a difficult process if you follow the correct sequence. There is a short step-by-step instruction on how to properly plant a pear in spring:

1. Dig a hole the size of the seedling.
2. The hole must be filled with fertilizer and humus, mixing them with the ground.
3. Next, drive a stake into the hole.
4. Spread the roots, plant the tree in the hole.
5. Cover with earth, trample well so that air does not pass.
6. Tie a tree to a stake.
7. After the end of the main work, a hole for irrigation is created, and peat is poured.

Consider the landing process in more detail.

It is necessary to retreat from the center of the prepared pit 30 cm, drive in a wooden stake. The stake must be driven in with south side to protect the seedling from burns on a sunny day. In addition, the peg retains the stability of a still fragile tree in strong gusts of wind. Its height is up to the lower branch of the seedling, about 50 cm. A mound is made around it. A seedling is planted near the stake on the north side, all its roots are carefully straightened. Fall asleep with fertilized soil, well tamping. When adding earth, you need to shake the seedling so that it is firmly established, so that it is very difficult to pull it out with force.

Next, the stem of the plant must be lightly tied to the support. Make a special circular hole, generously watering it with water. Finally, you need to mulch the circle. It is necessary to ensure that the entire season surrounds the trunk. You can apply additional manure, mowed and humus.

If the soil sags, you need to add it, as this will lead to the drying of the roots. Deep planting of a tree causes diseases of the pear, and even death.

After planting a seedling around a young tree, a small hole with a diameter of about 25 centimeters is created, which is necessary for watering. And after watering, the hole is covered with peat or humus in order to maintain soil moisture.

Sooner or later, all owners begin to be interested in the answer to the question of how to plant a pear correctly. summer cottages. The seductive appearance of its juicy fragrant fruits excites the appetite, and their delicate taste leaves no one indifferent. With a competent approach, one tree will feed several generations. Grow and bear fruit on the site, bringing up to 100 kg of yield, a pear is capable of a whole century. A lot of strength to shape it pyramidal crown you don’t have to spend: nature itself created it practically not prone to thickening. And the first fruits from its branches can be removed as early as the 5th year of the life of the tree.

Varieties and types of culture are diverse. There is a tall and short pear, ordinary and columnar, early ripening and late ripening. Lipotika, Tonkovetka, Lada, Carmen, Blankova's Daughter, Noyabrskaya, Bergamot, Chizhovskaya - each of its varieties is unique, in some ways it compares favorably with other varieties, and in some ways it loses to them. At the same time, they need to be planted and cared for in almost the same way. The popularity of the pear is high, but with all its many advantages, it does not tolerate windy and frosty winters. It grows best in the climate of the middle zone, although some varieties of the crop can successfully bear fruit even in Siberia.

Site Requirements

Planting a pear requires a thorough approach. It starts with choosing the right place. The tree reacts badly to transplantation, being ill for a long time. There is a high probability that a young pear will not take root after it, so it is best to place it immediately on a permanent site. It must meet a number of requirements:

• be smooth and dry;
• from morning to evening it is well illuminated by the sun;
• not be blown by cold winds and drafts.

A tree will bear fruit abundantly only if it has enough heat and light. They are also necessary for the ripening of pears. If the air temperature does not drop below + 15 ° C, in summer varieties (Lada, Annushka, Chizhovskaya), the fruits become ripe in about 90 days. It will be possible to enjoy juicy autumn pears (Dekanka, Zabava) in 90-100 days. With winter varieties of culture (Dekabrinka, Feeria), you will have to be patient. From the formation of ovaries to the full ripening of their fruits, at least 110-115 days will pass. These dates are relative and in fact strongly depend on weather conditions. Pears of the same variety grown in the middle lane and in Siberia will ripen at different times.

With excessive moisture, the roots of the tree quickly rot. Therefore, areas where the distance between the surface of the earth and groundwater is less than 3 m are not suitable for growing pears. culture prefers fertile soils with a small admixture of clay, loose, freely passing air and water to its root system. But even on nutrient-rich lands, top dressing is mandatory for her. In heavy, dense, swamp-prone soil, both ordinary and columnar pear grow poorly. If there are buildings on the site, it is better to place the tree away from their walls. The optimal distance will be 3-3.5 m.

Landing time

Before planting a pear, it is important to determine the timing of the procedure. Spend it in the fall or spring. Here you need to focus on the features of the climate of the area. In the south, autumn planting is more often practiced, after which the young tree does not suffer from heat and takes root more easily in a new place. In regions with severe winters - in the Urals, in Siberia - it is better not to take risks and carry out the procedure in the spring. Then, by the onset of cold weather, the seedling will have time to take root well and suffer less from frost.

The weather conditions of the middle lane provide summer residents with a difficult choice. If the tree is placed on the site in the spring, in mid-April, then it will have enough time to get stronger for the winter. This reduces the risk of freezing young pears. But autumn planting has its advantages. The main one is an increase in the winter hardiness of the tree, which can be seen already next year. It is not worth postponing the procedure for a long time, it is better to carry it out in the first half of October. When placed in the ground for more than late dates even in conditions favorable for it in the middle lane, Lada simply will not take root.

It is better to buy seedlings in autumn, when nurseries offer many different varieties and types of pears. At other times, their range is poorer. Young trees with a closed root system may not be planted immediately, but if they are planned to be placed on the site in the spring, they will need to be buried for the winter.

Pit preparation

In such a responsible matter as planting a pear, there are no trifles. In order for a stately beauty - Lada or Chizhovskaya - to actively grow and quickly begin to bear fruit, it is important to correctly perform each stage of the procedure. Pits for planting trees are prepared in advance. In the conditions of the middle lane, it is better to do this in the fall. Then there will be a natural disinfection of the soil: the pests and pathogens that are in it will not withstand frost and will die.

A large hole is dug for a pear, so that the roots of a young tree are spacious in it. When landing, they should not bend or break. On average, the depth of the pit is 1 m, and the distance between its walls is 80-90 cm. If the tree has a powerful root system with long lateral processes, it will have to be made more spacious. The bottom of the pit is carefully loosened, and its walls are covered with notches to improve air exchange.

Already at the planting stage, the pear needs top dressing. Then both Lada and Chizhovskaya will develop faster and bear fruit abundantly. The soil is enriched with organic and mineral compounds. At the bottom of the pit, 3-5 buckets of compost or humus are poured.

The excavated soil is mixed with the following components:

• sand (2 buckets);
• superphosphate (1 glass);
• potassium sulfate (4 tablespoons);
• dry mineral fertilizer for berry crops(2 tablespoons).

The pit is filled with the resulting substrate. Then dolomite flour is introduced into the soil, having previously dissolved 3 cups of the substance in 10 liters of water. Complete the preparation of the pit with abundant watering. Between these procedures and planting a pear, at least 1.5 weeks should pass. During this time, the soil will settle. If such a pause is not maintained, mineral fertilizers introduced into the soil will not have time to dissolve. Contact with harsh chemicals will burn the roots. As a result, the tree will be sick all year and may even die. The day before planting a pear, the pit is watered with a solution of a drug that stimulates root growth.

Planting material processing

The seedling is prepared for placement in the ground. It is carefully examined, removing non-viable branches - dry, damaged, diseased. If Lada seedlings were purchased with a closed root system, they should not be cleaned of soil. They are placed in a pit along with an earthen clod. At the same time, the tree should be bare: if a pear is planted in the territories of the middle zone in the spring, the buds are still sleeping on it, and if in the fall, the leaves have already flown around.

If its roots are open, they are placed in a mixture of soil and ash, taken in equal amounts and diluted with water to a thick creamy state. This substance should tightly cover all underground shoots. It will help the roots to securely adhere to the ground. Young trees that are already 2 years old take root well in a new place. But if the pear is columnar, you should choose seedlings no older than 1 year. They will less painfully endure a change in growing conditions.

Experienced summer residents are advised to plant 2-3 at once on the site. different varieties culture. This approach improves their pollination, so the nearby Lada and Chizhovskaya will bear fruit more abundantly. Tall trees need a lot free space. A distance of at least 5-6 m is left between them. The columnar pear is more compact, and it is better to place it in rows. So that plantings do not suffer from a lack of light and air, and their feeding and pruning are easier, adhere to the following scheme. The distance between dwarf trees is made equal to 0.5 m, and between rows - 1-1.5 m.

Landing Rules

A fertile substrate is poured into the bottom of the prepared pit. From the advice of professionals on how to properly plant a pear, it follows that both Lada and Chizhovskaya need support in the first year of life in a new place. Without it, the tree trunk begins to deform. Therefore, it is better to immediately install a wooden stake in the center of the pit. The distance between the ground surface and its top should be 0.5 m.

It is better to drive a stake from the south side, then in the hot summer, which is typical for the middle lane, the tree will not overheat, but in early spring its leaves will not suffer from sunburn.

Having lowered the seedling on a mound, gently straighten its roots, laying them in a fan. The hole is then filled with soil. It is recommended to do this gradually, periodically shaking the pear slightly, holding it by the trunk. So it will be possible not to be afraid that voids will remain between the roots of the tree. You need to plant it without deepening root collar. It should rise above the ground. Correct Distance between it and the soil is 5-7 cm.

The earth near the trunk is compacted, then the seedling is abundantly watered and tied to a support. Fixation should be reliable, but here it is important not to overdo it and not overtighten the tree. Lada, Chizhovskaya or columnar - whatever variety is chosen, the planting of the pear is completed by mulching the soil. Suitable for him are dry leaves, small straw, sawdust, humus or peat.

Pear care basics

Growing pears is a rather troublesome task. Proper seating is only the first step. You will have to constantly take care of the tree, then with the advent of heat, Chizhovskaya will not only bloom leaves, but also bear fruit. To do this, she needs:

• watering;
• top dressing;
• soil loosening;
• weeding;
• crown formation.

Waterlogging the soil for a pear is just as harmful as drying it out. In the regions of the middle lane, summer is often dry, in such weather it is watered regularly, but not too abundantly. About the lack of moisture will tell appearance tree: its growth begins to slow down, and the leaves turn yellow. It is especially harmful in the spring, when the pear is forming ovaries. The tree can drop them. If the buds on the seedling bloom slowly or show no signs of life at all, it should be sheltered from the scorching rays of the sun, and the young leaves should be sprinkled with water several times a day until the tree looks healthier.

The soil under the pear is periodically loosened. It is recommended to do this after each moisturizing. Loosening improves air exchange, contributing to the intensive development of the roots of the tree, and stops the growth of weeds. They should not be near plantings, otherwise the leaves on the pear may suffer from the invasion of aphids.

Pest control

You can not be afraid of pests and diseases if preventive spraying of trees is carried out in April. The first treatment with insecticides is done at the beginning of the month. It is not difficult to determine the right time for her: if the buds on the pear began to bloom, it has come. The second spraying is carried out already at the stage of budding.

During growing season trees are carefully examined. If the leaves on them curl, become covered with cobwebs, turn black, these are signs of damage by pests: leafworm, pear tubeworm, pear leaf gall midge. Fight them with the help of special drugs. Affected leaves are removed and burned.

A very dangerous pear disease - bacterial burn. In just 3 months, it can destroy a tree that took 3 years to grow. On the territory of the middle zone and Siberia, it appeared not so long ago, but is spreading rapidly. Recognizing the disease is easy: the leaves on the pear turn completely black and curl, but remain on the branches. Bark necrosis occurs, shoots die off. Flowers turn brown and wither. If the tree was infected at the beginning of the growing season, it will not bear fruit: the infection will quickly infect the ovaries. Some varieties of culture are resistant to this disease, Lada is one of them.

Fertilization and pruning

If the pear was planted taking into account all the recommendations, the tree will not need additional feeding in the first year. The culture reacts sharply to the lack of nutrients. In a pear, resistance to diseases and frosts quickly decreases, its growth slows down, it weakens and bears fruit poorly. Therefore, further feeding is carried out every year.

Fertilizers are best applied during watering. 2-3 buckets of humus are spent on a young tree, to which are added mineral compositions containing potassium, phosphorus, iron, nitrogen. Top dressing of an adult pear will require more fertilizer - 4-5 buckets. Trees respond well to saltpeter, copper sulfate.

In the spring-summer period, plantings are fed three times:

1. at the stage of bud emergence;
2. during flowering;
3. while the formation of ovaries.

The last feeding is carried out towards the end of the year - in November. Compost mixed with superphosphate, wood ash, dolomite flour, rock salt and potassium sulfate is poured into the trunk circle. They will help plantings painlessly survive the winter. It is especially important to provide trees with a supply of nutrients before the onset of cold weather in Siberia.

When growing a pear, the formation of its crown is necessary. Regular pruning is also needed for the Chizhovskaya variety, so that the tree is healthy, looks attractive, and its fruits do not shrink. It is carried out in the spring, removing old, dry, frost-damaged, broken off and growing shoots inside the crown and giving the pear a symmetrical shape.

Start pruning after planting. If a 2-year-old tree was chosen for it, 4 skeletal shoots are left on it. The distance from one to the other should be the same, and the angle between them and the trunk should be 45 °. The remaining branches are shortened by ¼ length. If the tree is annual, then placing it in the ground, pruning is carried out so that its height is 0.5 m.

A slender pear, planting and caring for which will require certain knowledge, will become the real queen of the suburban area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe middle lane. Its fruits are a storehouse of vitamins and a godsend for allergy sufferers. They can be eaten fresh, as well as dried, dried, marinated, cooked compotes, jams, marmalade, mashed potatoes for babies or candied fruits, closed for the winter in their own juice.

But it will be possible to enjoy juicy fruits taken from its branches only if the rules for its cultivation are strictly observed. Pear is a capricious culture. It is worth allowing the slightest violation of agricultural technology, and the tree will punish the negligent owner with a meager harvest, or even its complete absence.

In order to always have fresh berries and fruits from your garden and garden on the table, you should devote plenty of time to personal plots.

The garden requires a serious approach. Trees should be pruned, fed, harvested and treated with special pesticides in time. It is equally important to update the garden in time by planting young fruit trees.

It is not secret information that you can plant trees in spring and autumn. Pome trees, in particular pears, can be planted without fear in September or October.

Autumn ones even have some advantages over spring ones. In autumn, it is easier to determine the quality of planting material. The root system of seedlings by this time will already develop enough, and the wood will mature.

In addition, one can hope for a wide range of pear seedlings and a variety of varieties. Oddly enough, seedlings have more chances for successful rooting in autumn.

The only downside autumn planting pear is her vulnerability to severe frosts and rodents. To provide protection to the seedling, it is recommended to wrap the trunk with roofing material with the onset of the first frost.

For planting a pear, dry, warm weather should be selected, which will facilitate the rooting of the tree. While in the spring, the soil has not yet had time to warm up enough and many seedlings at cold temperatures, without having time to take root, die.

Choosing a suitable place for a pear

It turns out that in order to take root perfectly and begin to develop normally and bear fruit in the future, it is necessary not only to select the necessary variety, but also a suitable place.

The planting site of the pear should provide it with full coverage. If the tree becomes deficient sun rays, then the fruits will be tied in insufficient quantities, and they will not have time to ripen. For this reason, shady places personal plot For pear tree unsuitable.

Read also:

Rosehip planting and care

Before purchasing pear seedlings from other regions, you need to check with the seller about their ability to adapt to the local climate. Yes, and preferences for the composition of the soil also matter. An example of this is the Chizhovskaya variety, which needs a pit when planting and neutralizing acidic soil.

Planting a pear is not difficult, it is only important to follow a few rules

Traditionally, the landing site is prepared first. The recess should be approximately one meter in diameter and 60 cm deep. In principle, it will be possible to move away from these dimensions, because as a result, it should be ensured that root system young animals in the straightened state easily fit in the landing pit.

For quick rooting of a pear seedling, it is recommended to make the walls of the pit steep. To avoid subsidence of the soil when planting, the deepening must be done in advance. The soil for powdering the roots must be taken fertile or enrich the existing soil.

If you have loamy soils on your site, then in this case the planting hole should be twice as deep. At the same time, it is recommended to put wood chips, small fragments of wood or cardboard at the bottom, with a layer of 30 cm. Then it is necessary to sprinkle on top with soil mixed with lime and sawdust. The top layer in the planting hole should be fertile garden soil.

After a new tree is planted in your garden, it is necessary for the pear to create favorable conditions for growth and subsequent development.

Proper pruning is important. Pruning is especially important for pears with a one-sided or crooked crown.

Proper pruning should provide enough sunlight for each leaf in the summer. The pear as a whole is a light-loving tree, so all shoots growing inside the crown must be removed.

Read also:

Chestnut tree planting and care

Some experienced gardeners recommend removing the lower branches from the seedling immediately after planting, supposedly they still do not bear fruit. This is true, but the lack of fruiting is explained precisely by the lack of sunlight, and not by other reasons.

The final stage of planting a pear is abundant watering. Then you should wait a while, and as soon as the soil settles, add the fertile composition of the soil around the trunk.

When forming your young garden, you should calculate its appearance in the future. Will neighboring trees interfere with each other, shade or touch with crowns. Active fruiting will be ensured only if the trees do not oppress the neighbors. Between young growth it is recommended to maintain a distance equal to the total height of adult plants.

Secrets of planting young pear

• In order for the root neck of the seedling not to go underground when the soil subsides, it is recommended to tie the tree to a peg.
• In autumn, it is recommended to add wood ash, phosphorus and superphosphate to the soil in the planting pit. Moreover, nitrogenous and potash fertilizers are prohibited.
• Around the near-stem space in young animals, thickets of weeds should not be allowed, which can provoke the reproduction of aphids and other harmful insects.
• The neighborhood of pear and mountain ash is very undesirable due to the fact that these two trees are affected by the same pests.

Choosing a Pear Variety

Pear is a very welcome guest in the garden. Every gardener will certainly grow at least one tree. This fruit is very popular among gourmets. In addition, the pear is not as picky as other fruit trees. It is attractive to gardeners because it is unpretentious and can bring rich harvests.

At present, breeders, having worked well, have made sure that gardeners have the opportunity to choose the pear variety that they like best. And there are plenty to choose from.

Read also:

Siberian cedar seedlings

Given the local climatic conditions, pear varieties should be selected with a high degree of frost resistance. The next requirement for the variety should be a high yield. And for this, the appearance of inflorescences should occur at the end of spring. In addition, the trees must firmly hold the fruit on the branches, and not drop them during wind and drought.

If you make a short review of pear trees in terms of productivity, then you should look at the Platonov, the Conference, the Belarusian.

If the end result is tasty fruits, then you should pay attention to the Just Maria variety. True, it will be necessary to make efforts to warm the seedlings for the winter, because this variety is not highly resistant to frost. August rose, Swallow, Favorite Kappa, Forest Beauty are also distinguished by high taste qualities.

You can get fruits earlier than others from the Lada variety pear. This tree is distinguished by a pyramidal crown and sweet and sour fruits.

Pear fruits are unfortunately affected by scab. Some varieties have some predisposition to this deficiency. So the fruits of the Duchess, Tonkovetka, Forest Beauty and Peppy varieties are noticed in this.

Some varieties of pears have excellent immune remedies for this scourge, including Lada, Souvenir, August dew.

Those who choose a pear variety for themselves should pay attention to one more parameter - precocity, which determines what year after planting the tree will bear fruit.

Experienced gardeners, pear cuttings are grafted onto quince rootstocks. You should also check with the seller if the pear tree variety is self-infertile when they need cross pollination. If yes, then it will be necessary to plant two pear trees side by side.

The pear is one of the fruit trees most commonly grown by Russian gardeners. Few country cottage area do without this tree. Its fruits can not only be consumed fresh, but also used in the preparation of various dishes and winter preparations. In order for the pear to give high yields fruits of varietal quality, you need to plant it correctly, taking into account all the requirements for cultivation.

The optimal time for planting pears on Russian garden plots falls in the autumn period. In the spring, you can also do planting work, but the survival rate and growth rate of the seedling will decrease significantly. There are a number of reasons why it is the autumn planting of a pear that is considered more preferable:

• during the dormant period, all the forces of this fruit tree are aimed at building up the root mass, so in the spring it will start growing without any stops in development. It has been proven that pear seedlings planted in autumn are 3 weeks ahead of specimens planted in spring;
• increasing the winter hardiness of the tree;
• soil and air are well warmed up, so the rooting period passes quickly;
• the quality of seedlings sold in autumn is high: the root system is well developed, the graft (if any) has already grown together;
• the price of pear seedlings in autumn is several times lower than in spring.

The disadvantages of autumn pear planting are the need for the most accurate determination optimal timing planting, shelter for the winter and the organization of the protection of young trees from rodents.

In order for the planted pear to take root and gain a foothold in the ground, as well as prepare for the coming winter, you need to pick up correct timing landing. In the general case, the culture is planted no later than 2 ... 3 weeks before the onset of the first frost. More precise terms depend on the climatic zone in which the summer cottage is located, and on the recommendations Lunar calendar gardener and gardener.

In outskirts of Moscow

In the conditions of the Moscow region, depending on the weather forecast, pear planting can begin at the end of September. Landing work is completed in mid-late October. In the time remaining before the arrival of the first frost, fruit trees have time to properly take root in the ground.

In the Urals, in Siberia

In these cold regions, autumn pear planting is most justified, since if it takes root and survives its first winter on the site without loss, then mature tree will have increased winter hardiness. In the Urals and Siberia, due to the short autumn and rapidly advancing frosts, pears are planted from early September to early October.

In the Leningrad region

The Leningrad region is characterized by unpredictable climatic conditions so it is important to keep a close eye on the weather forecast in the region. Pears are planted in late September - mid-October, while it is necessary to provide protection from through cold winds.

According to the lunar calendar

If upon landing fruit trees take into account the recommendations of the Lunar calendar of the gardener and gardener, it is necessary to pay attention to the most favorable days for work, and also take into account the prohibited days on which nothing is recommended to be planted. auspicious days for planting pears in 2018 fall on:

• 1, 5…6, 18…19, 27…30 September;
• 2…3, 25…26 October.

Unfavorable dates:

• Full Moon - September 25, October 24;
• New Moon - September 9, October 9.

Experienced gardeners, when planting any crops, are guided by both weather reports and the indications of the lunar calendar and choose the most suitable date.

Before planting a pear, you need to choose a place suitable for this heat-loving culture. The main requirements for cultivation are good sun exposure from all sides and the absence of through cold winds, so the pear is planted on the south side of the site.

Before digging a planting hole, it is necessary to provide for another important factor - there should not be any tall trees nearby, which will subsequently shade the pear, compete for nutrients and come into contact with its crown.

Taking into account the root system of a pear seedling, which during the first years will consume all the necessary nutrients from the mixture laid in the pit during planting, its dimensions will be 60 cm deep and 1 m in diameter. The sheer walls of the pit will provide the desired shrinkage of the earth after disembarkation. When landing you will need upper layer soil discarded when digging a seat, and the earth removed from the lower layers will not be useful.

In a dug hole, you must immediately install a peg to which a pear will be tied. If this is not done in advance and the support is placed after planting the seedling, then there is a high probability of damaging its root system.

The pit is filled with nutrient mixture. To prepare it, you need to add mineral fertilizers to 6 liters of compost: 30 g of potassium salt and 60 g of superphosphate. In no case should nitrogen-containing fertilizers be applied to the planting pit. In order for a special microclimate to form inside the substrate, and chemicals not to burn young pear roots, preparation landing pit are engaged in advance - in late spring - early summer.

Landing

Planting a pear seedling takes place in stages. Below is detailed instructions planting a fruit tree in a summer cottage.

1. Inside the pit, you need to form a small mound, after which it is poured abundantly and waiting for the water to settle.
2. The seedling must be prepared for planting: if it has an open root system and it has dried up a little, the pear is placed in water for 12-24 hours.
3. You may need the help of another person to install the seedling in the planting hole. Then one will hold the pear by the trunk strictly vertically, and the second will place the root system in the ground.
4. The roots of the seedling are straightened with the utmost care and allowed along the slopes of the mound in the pit. You can start burying a seedling only after making sure that its root neck will be located 5 cm above the ground.
5. After installing the pear, its roots begin to dig in, gently, but rather tightly, tamping the ground so that no air voids remain.
6. The trunk of the tree is tied up after planting. soft cloth to the peg.
7. A hole must be made around the pear so that the water does not flow down the sides during irrigation, but goes directly to the roots. Post-planting watering should be plentiful - 2 ... 3 buckets of water are poured onto one young seedling.
8. The planting of the pear is completed by mulching the near-trunk circle. As mulch, you can use sawdust, peat. Mulching prevents premature evaporation of moisture from the soil.

As for pruning a pear seedling during planting, there are two diametrically opposed opinions.

1. Some argue that the plant takes a lot of effort to heal the wound inflicted at the cut point, intended to prepare for winter.
2. Others suggest that pruning annual seedling pear stimulates the growth of the root system.

After weighing all the pros and cons, each gardener determines for himself whether he needs to shorten the top of the seedling or not.

Proper autumn pear planting will ensure its good survival, rapid development and high yields in a few years.

A special problem when planting pears can be close to the groundwater surface. In such areas, without the use of special agrotechnical methods, it will not be possible to grow a culture.

An adult tree, when the roots reach groundwater, inevitably dies - a toxic damage to the root system and the tree as a whole occurs. The roots of the pear go as deep as 3 m, and if the groundwater is higher, then you will have to choose one of the options below.

• In order to lower the level of groundwater, you can organize a diversion ditch, drain the site, dig a small lake in the lowest section of the cottage. The method of artificially lowering the water level is very laborious and expensive.
• You can plant a pear on a hill. For this, a hill is formed from imported land. Slate can be placed at the bottom of the pit, which will prevent the root system from deepening into the thickness of the earth and force it to branch horizontally.

The main sign that the root system has reached groundwater is the drying of the tops of the pear.

From Pear Planting to Completion holiday season there is still some time left, during which you need to have time to help the young tree adapt, take root and prepare for winter. Autumn care for a young pear comes down to several activities:

• maintaining soil moisture - the roots should not dry out, but waterlogging of the soil should not be allowed, therefore, watering is carried out in accordance with precipitation;
• preventive treatment against pests and diseases, for which insecticides and fungicides are used;
• loosening the topsoil. This operation will provide the tree with oxygen - the earth will not be compacted too tightly in a snowy winter;
• weeding weeds, if they managed to appear in the area of ​​​​the near-trunk circle.

No additional top dressing should be made if the planting pit has been filled with all the necessary fertilizers.

A young pear needs careful preparation by the first winter on the site. If it already has branches, they must be carefully gathered together and tied to a peg. It is very important to provide shelter for the trunk from frost holes. To do this, it is wrapped with a covering material that allows air to pass through, or pieces of cotton fabrics. If it is possible to come to the site in winter, then it is necessary to spud the tree with snow.

Mulching can protect the root system of the seedling from upcoming frosts. The thickness of the layer of mulching material in the trunk circle should be at least 30 cm. In the spring, the old mulch is removed when the snow melts.

In winter, small rodents like to feast on the bark of young fruit trees, therefore, to organize protection against them, the pear trunk is wrapped with a fine-mesh net or treated with a repellent mixture.

The simplest mixture can be prepared by mixing clay with mullein in equal proportions. The smell exuded from the processed tree will drive away rodents. Another way to protect against them is spruce branches, which are laid out around the pear.

How to plant a pear in autumn: video

Planting apple and pear trees in autumn: video

Planting a pear is not difficult for people who have experience in planting fruit trees in their summer cottage. But novice gardeners need to be extremely careful when carrying out autumn planting work and take into account many factors that affect the quality of planting a pear.

Planting such a large fruit tree as a pear is a responsible matter, because any nuance that is not taken into account during this important period may respond many months and even years later, when it will be very difficult or impossible to fix the problem.

But even a novice gardener, having studied how to choose seedlings and a place for them correctly, how pears are planted step by step in open ground, for many years will enjoy the aroma of snow-white flowers and juicy fruits.

Fruit trees are planted either in early spring or autumn. The choice of landing time depends on several nuances.

Planting pears in spring

The majority of gardeners who plant gardens in areas with a rather harsh Russian climate will speak out for the spring planting of fruit trees, arguing for such a choice. the following benefits :

1. Spring planting usually begins in autumn: a planting hole is prepared and charged, which by spring will be in perfect condition for receiving a seedling;
2. In spring, the soil, saturated with the moisture of melted snow, will provide maximum comfortable conditions for adaptation of a young tree after planting;
3. Throughout the summer season, the seedling grows and strengthens, gaining strength for the first wintering, and the gardener closely monitors its development, helping the tree and correcting problems as long as possible;
4. Spring planting is more suitable for regions where summers are short and winters come quickly and early. A fruit tree planted in autumn may not have time to take root and prepare for winter.

TO disadvantages of planting trees in early spring, they attribute the need for a tree to take root and begin the vegetative cycle at the same time, since spring takes its toll, and all living things begin to grow.

But with careful observation and careful care, this minus is insignificant.

In each region, the concept of "early spring" is determined by local climatic features. In addition, the weather does not repeat itself from year to year, therefore, when choosing the timing of planting a pear, one should take into account forecasts for the current spring.

Beyond the Ural Mountains and on the territory of Siberia, the April heat can be replaced by a sharp cold snap and snowfalls until the end of May.

So residents of risky farming areas do not carry out any planting work before mid-May.

But in the Volga region, with its rather mild climate, trees are planted already in the first half of April so that they have time to take root before the onset of heat and drought.

The middle zone of Russia, including the Moscow region, is the golden mean in the planting schedule: the second half of April - the first half of May.

Anyway main principle one: the earth is already amenable to digging with a shovel, and the trees have not yet blossomed their leaves.

Planting pears in autumn

Autumn planting of fruit trees is preferred in the southern regions, where a long warm autumn gives way to fairly mild winters.

An important advantage of autumn planting in these parts with frequent droughts and hot summers is the risk of burnout of spring seedlings that have not had time to get strong enough.

If a pear is planted here in September or the first half of October, then by winter it will have time to grow new roots, adapt and prepare for winter.

If the autumn planting of a pear seedling in Siberia cannot be avoided, then this should happen no later than September, otherwise the risk of freezing of a fragile plant is high.

On suburban areas in autumn, pears can be planted in the second half of September - early October.

There are situations when seedlings can be obtained at the most inappropriate time for planting - in late autumn.

In such cases, they dig a trench, lay seedlings in it at an angle, dig it in with earth, cover it with peat, fallen leaves, cover it with a non-woven fabric to protect it from frost. And in the spring they are planted in a permanent place.

How to choose a site for planting pears

The more sunlight and heat a pear receives, the more abundant its flowering, and the fruits are sweeter and juicier.

So for this fruit tree, the most open and sunny areas are assigned, preferably protected from strong winds.

If the laying of the garden takes place on a newly developed site, free from plantings and buildings, then fruit trees are given elevated areas where groundwater passes no closer than three meters.

In the lowlands, the garden will be uncomfortable due to high humidity and stagnation of cold air, and groundwater can completely destroy an adult tree.

The fact is that the root system of a pear penetrates the layers of the earth to a fairly decent depth. Having reached the groundwater streams, the roots will begin to rot, and the tree will wither.

When planning a site for a pear tree, it is important to remember that a powerful root system, which grows three meters in breadth and depth, needs loose breathing loams, and communications laid underground can become an obstacle to normal development.

Pear is a large tree with a rich crown, which gives a fertile shade on hot days. With this in mind, the pear is planted on the north side of greenhouses and greenhouses that require maximum lighting.

How to choose pear seedlings

Buying a seedling in nurseries or specialized stores is the best option for both a beginner in gardening and an experienced gardener, because professionals prepare the planting material, and the seller will give expert advice on planting and subsequent care.

Fruit tree seedlings are sold with a closed root system (in a container or bag that preserves an earthen ball, so that the roots are protected from drying out and injury) or an open root system - you can examine the condition of the roots.

Choosing a healthy seedling is half the success when growing a pear in a summer cottage.

The gardener must critically examine the planting material, paying attention to the condition of all visible parts: the stem, shoots, buds, bark, roots.

Based on clear criteria for choosing seedlings, you can purchase the strongest and most promising plants.

How to plant a pear tree in spring. Step by step instructions

When planning a pear planting, it must be remembered that for spring planting excavation on the site is carried out in the fall, at the end of the previous season, and for planting a tree in the fall - a month in advance so that the soil has time to settle.

Soil requirements for planting pears

The pear is less demanding on the composition and acidity of the soil than other fruit trees. The best option for pears is sandy loamy soil with a slightly acidic reaction.

Agrotechnicians have noticed that on soils with low acidity, the pear is less affected by scab than on neutral ones, but it does not tolerate alkalized soils at all, experiencing a deficiency of basic macro- and microelements, loses its ability to frost resistance and suffers from chlorosis.

To determine the acidity of the soil, it is not necessary to use reagents - just pay attention to weeds that prefer a summer cottage:

The soil with high acidity is enriched with dolomite flour, slaked lime.

To oxidize soil with high alkaline values, potassium sulfate, granular sulfur, and gypsum are added to the soil with deep digging.

On slightly alkaline soil, you can do without chemistry: dig up the earth with the introduction of increased dosages of organic matter (rotted manure, swamp peat, pine needles, oak litter compost).

Sowing green manure also improves the quality of alkaline soil: lupine and other legumes, white mustard.

Preparing a planting hole for a pear

The dimensions of the site for pears depend on the number and type of seedlings:

• For tall trees with a spreading crown and a powerful root system, the place is planned at the rate of at least 5 m per seedling;
• The distance between medium-sized pears is 4 m;
• Undersized enough 2.5 -3 m;
• Columnar can be planted after one and a half meters.

Having outlined the required number of seats, they dig holes up to 60 cm deep and at least 80 cm wide with vertical walls, on which notches can be made with a shovel so that it is easier for new roots to penetrate dense layers of soil.

The upper fertile layer is useful when planting a tree, so it is carefully sorted out, discarding weed roots, debris, stones.

For planting seedlings with an open root system, a stake is immediately installed in the pit, the height of which is at least half a meter above ground level. 10 - 15 cm of drainage are poured at the bottom - large expanded clay, crushed stone, broken brick, pebbles.

If the soil is clayey, heavy, then the drainage is covered with a layer of sand - at least 5 cm, and the planting substrate is also diluted with sand, rotted sawdust, peat - this will provide the soil with lightness, friability and breathability.

If the soil is too light and loose, clay is poured into the bottom of the pit to retain moisture.

The fertile layer of soil from the pit is mixed with an equal amount of compost and humus and the pit is covered with this composition.

Immediately before planting, the soil in the pit is loosened and sprinkled with ash.

Step-by-step diagram of planting a pear

1. A seedling with an open root one day before planting is placed in a container with water (a solution of a root formation stimulator). Before this, the roots are inspected, damaged fragments are removed.
2. In a pre-charged pit, taking out the soil, make a recess so that the roots fit freely, pour a bucket of water
3. While the water is being absorbed, cut the main root of the seedling and large lateral roots with secateurs so that at least 20 cm remain: this pruning stimulates the rapid growth of new roots. Remove leftover leaves
4. Sprinkling the slices with crushed coal, the seedling is placed in the pit so that the roots are freely straightened, not broken, the supporting peg is on the south side of the tree trunk, and the root neck is 3-4 cm above ground level.
5. The pit is evenly covered with excavated soil, slightly shaking the seedling so that the earth closes all air cavities. When tamping the soil around the trunk, it is important not to lose sight of the level of the root neck: it should rise 2-3 cm above the ground so that subsequent shrinkage of the soil does not allow it to go into the soil. The trunk is carefully tied to the support peg in two places - above and below
6. Having formed a hole around the stem, the tree is watered (1 - 2 buckets of water), the trunk circle is mulched with compost or humus, peat, rotted sawdust, freshly cut grass. Mulch is necessary to limit the evaporation of moisture and prevent the formation of a hard earthen crust. It is more difficult for weeds to break through the mulch layer, which means that the young tree will have fewer competitors in the fight for moisture and nutrition. The pear trunk does not need to be sprinkled with mulch - the adhering of the wet layer to the bark of a still weak plant can cause rotting
7. Upon completion of planting operations, the central shaft and side shoots pears are cut to a quarter of the height.

Planting a pear with a closed root system

A seedling purchased with a closed root system is planted in the same way, but with the following features:

• The seedling does not require a support stake, since the earthen ball with which the pear will be planted will hold vertical position trunk;
• The day before planting, the seedling is well watered to make it easier to remove from the container without damaging the roots;
• If it was possible to save the earthen clod, then the soil is poured into the pit, compacting the soil around the earthen clod;
• If the earthen ball has crumbled, then they are planted according to the above scheme.

All other planting steps are the same for seedlings with an open and closed root system.

The main task of the gardener is not to deepen the root neck of the tree when planting.

Seedling care

In the first season, young trees require special attention gardener, because the result in the future depends on the first months of life:

Watering

The first 10 days the seedling does not need watering.

After 10-15 days, depending on the weather, the young pear is watered at the rate of up to two buckets per tree.

The older the pear, the less often, but more abundant moisture: 1-2 times a month, 3 buckets in the trunk circle.

Mature trees benefit from sprinkling, especially during dry times.

Loosening and weeding

After each watering, the near-stem circle is cleaned of weeds and gently loosened so that air reaches the roots.

The closer to the trunk, the shallower the loosening depth, so as not to damage the roots. If necessary, the trunk circle is mulched.

top dressing

A pear planted in a properly charged hole does not need additional nutrition for the first summer.

Only a year later, in the spring, when the pear wakes up for the new season, fertilizer will be required:

• Nitrogen-containing complexes are introduced in a small amount only in early spring;
• Mullein, bird droppings, wood ash are the best means of feeding pears in the spring;
• Before flowering and during the period of fruit formation, the pear will benefit from additional application wood ash;
• Full mineral complex - in the fall, when digging the soil at the end of the season;
• In the garden, green manure is planted between the trees and mowed in the fall, mulching the near-stem circles with nutritious greenery.

Protection from pests and diseases

Careful observation of a growing tree will allow you to notice emerging problems in time and take action.

When attacked by pests (aphids, leafworms, mites, codling moth), young pears are treated with ash-soap solutions or insecticides (Actofit, Bitoxibacillin).

If symptoms of diseases (scab, rot, powdery mildew, spotting) are found, the use of fungicides (Trichodermin, Fitosporin - M, Gamair) is effective.

The drug "Gaupsin" - simultaneously fights against viral diseases and insects.

In autumn or early spring, the trunk of young pears is whitened to protect against insects that prefer to hide under the bark, and from the first rays of the sun that can cause burns.

Preparing a young pear for winter

Adult pears easily endure even harsh winters, and young trees require protection from both frost and rodents.

To help the pear to overwinter, the trunk is covered with spruce branches, mulched, wrapped with cloth, covering material.

From rodents will save metal or plastic mesh around the barrel, stacked around or next to the trimmed hoses, car tires.

Typical mistakes when planting a pear

When planting perennial crops, especially when it comes to fruit trees, it is necessary to take into account every nuance and not neglect the advice experienced gardeners, because errors lead to irreversible consequences:

• The desire to plant an older tree in order to get fruit earlier often does not live up to the expectations of an inexperienced gardener.

The older the tree, the more difficult it takes root, the longer it adapts, the more often it gets sick. The best age of a seedling is 1-2 years;

• Preparing the pit just before planting is a serious mistake.

The sedimentation of the soil leads to the deepening of the root neck, as a result of which the bark begins to rot and the tree dies.

This process gradually stretches over years, so the gardener cannot understand what happened to the tree, tries to save it with enhanced feeding, which also negatively affects the already weakened plant;

• The introduction of not fully rotted manure and sawdust is very dangerous for young plantings. Continuing to overheat, these components release substances that can cause serious harm;
• Overfeeding seedlings during the season can kill the plant. The sapling is enough of the power charge that is laid down when proper fit;
• Excessive mulching, when a layer of mulch covers closely part of the trunk, leads to diaper rash and problems with the bark;
• For planting, you should choose varieties adapted to the conditions of this region.

For areas with severe winters - the Urals and Siberia - pears with increased frost resistance are required, for example, Skorospelka Sverdlovskaya, Severyanka, Dekabrinka, Tayozhnaya, Lel, Otradnenskaya.

IN middle lane Russia and the regions near Moscow feel good "Chizhovskaya", "Moskvichka", "August Dew", "Fairy Tale", "Allegro", "Rognedo", "Belarusian Late".

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