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Make a furnace for working out with your own hands. Liquid fuel stove or do-it-yourself mining. Installation Requirements and Safety

It is always nice to use junk materials with benefit. And when it comes to fuel and heating, it is also very profitable. A prime example are heating furnaces in used oil. They can use any oil that can burn. Transmission, diesel, machine, confectionery, vegetable ... Really any. There are no problems with fuel for such units. What they found, they poured. Moreover, the furnace for working out with their own hands is also made from waste materials: old gas or oxygen cylinder, pipe sections different diameter or pieces of metal.

The principle of operation of homemade stoves

If any used oil is simply set on fire, the smoke will be merciless and “smell” even more actively. Therefore, direct combustion is not used. First, volatile substances evaporate, then they are burned. This is the basic principle of design development. Therefore, in some embodiments, the furnace has two combustion chambers connected by a tube in which holes are made.

In the lower chamber, the fuel is heated and evaporated. Combustible vapors rise up. Passing through a pipe with holes, they mix with oxygen dissolved in the air. Already in the upper part of this pipe, the mixture ignites, and burns out in the second chamber. Moreover, the combustion of vapors occurs with the release of much more heat and less smoke. At right technology there is practically no smoke, as well as soot.

The second method of separating "heavy" fuel (oil of any origin) into "flammable" components is more efficient, but also more difficult to implement. For efficient evaporation, a metal bowl is installed in the lower chamber. It heats up, the droplets of mining that fall on it instantly turn into volatile combustible vapors. In this case, the glow is obtained (at correct mode) blue-white, as in plasma combustion. From here came another name for this design - with a plasma bowl.

To achieve the greatest efficiency of fuel combustion, used oil must be fed into the lower chamber in very small portions. In some cases - drops, sometimes - a thin stream. That is why this technology is called drip feed.

These are the basic principles of the "operation" of home-made heating units. There are a very large number of their combinations and variations. A few of them are described below.

You can see an example of combustion in a plasma bowl in the video below. This is a Gecko mining furnace, it has a built-in water heater and can work as a heating boiler.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main and main plus is that used fuel and oils are used, which otherwise would have to be disposed of. If the technology is followed, the combustion is so complete that practically no harmful emissions into the atmosphere occur. Other advantages are no less significant:

• simple design;
• high efficiency;
• low cost of equipment and fuel;
• works on any oils, organic, synthetic, vegetable origin;
• the content of up to 10% of pollutants is allowed.

There are also serious drawbacks. And the main one is that if the technology is not followed, the combustion of fuel occurs incompletely. And its vapors get into the room, and this is very dangerous. Therefore, the main and main requirement: furnaces operating on waste oil are installed exclusively in rooms with a ventilation system.

There are more cons:

• to ensure good draft, the chimney must be straight and high - at least 5 meters;
• requires regular cleaning of the bowl and chimney- daily;
• problematic ignition: you must first heat the bowl, then supply fuel;
• hot water options are possible, but their independent design is a difficult task - you can’t greatly lower the temperature in the combustion zone, otherwise the whole process will fall apart (as an option - install water jacket on the chimney, here it certainly will not interfere with the decay of the fuel).

Due to such features, such units are rarely used for heating residential buildings. If they are installed, then in separate rooms and in a modified form.

Application area

In the basic version, a homemade waste oil stove heats the air. They are also called heat guns, heat generators or heaters. It is rarely used for heating residential premises in this form: the air dries out, oxygen from hot metal walls is burned out. But to maintain normal temperature in industrial or technical premises, such units are very effective: they quickly raise the temperature. They can be seen at service stations, car washes, garages, production shops where there are no combustible materials, warehouses, greenhouses, etc.

Do-it-yourself furnaces for working out - the best option for a garage

Many options can be improved: they can install a coil for heating water or make a water jacket. Such equipment already belongs to the category of water heating and can be installed in a water heating system. Without automation, a mining furnace with a water circuit requires constant control, but for giving, household buildings with living creatures, etc. This great option.

How to make a waste oil stove

Today there are already more than a dozen different designs. They use different methods of extracting thermal energy, have a different structure.

Furnaces for burning mining from a pipe

It is easier to make an oven if the body is already ready. As such, you can use gas or oxygen balloon, thick-walled barrel or pipe. The diagram below explains how to make a waste oil stove from a pipe.

The operation of this unit is based on evaporation in a plasma bowl. It can produce up to 15 kW of heat (on average, it can heat 150 square meters). Greater heat transfer due to any changes (furnace size or increase in air supply) is impossible: the thermal regime will be disturbed and instead of more heat, it will turn out large quantity dude, that's not safe.

The build order is:

After installing the oil tank, you can start testing. First, a little paper is placed in the bowl, a flammable liquid is poured, everything is set on fire. After the paper has almost burned through, the oil supply opens.

This drawing of a waste oil furnace is not in vain given with such an accurate indication of the materials. These are the parts you need to use. As a result of work homemade oven, with a consumption of 1-1.5 liters of fuel per hour, you can heat the room up to 150 "squares".

Drawing of a furnace from a pipe or cylinder in video format

A furnace using waste oil from a cylinder (oxygen or gas) is presented by the author in the video. The design is similar to the one described above, but with original modifications (and it is a little simpler)

Do-it-yourself mini oven for working out

This home-made stove, with a small size and weight (10 kg), fuel consumption of about 0.5 lira per hour, produces 5-6 kW of heat. It is possible to melt it more strongly, but it is not necessary: ​​it can explode. The design is loved by motorists: the garage is even in extreme cold heats up quickly, consumes oil sparingly, and even compact. Therefore, it can be called "garage".

The fuel tank of this small air gun is assembled from the bottom and top of a standard 50 liter gas bottle. It turns out very robust design(keep at least one circular seam from the cylinder - there is an o-ring that will give greater strength. You can make a tank from any other container of similar dimensions: 200-400 mm in diameter and about 350 mm high.

In addition to the fuel tank, you need to make a pipe in which the fuel-air mixture is mixed. The wall thickness here is at least 4 mm. You can use a pipe of a suitable diameter. The cones are made from structural steel no thinner than 4 mm.

The dimensions of the waste oil furnace indicated on the drawing can be adjusted up or down, but only by 20 mm - no more. Especially carefully it is necessary to boil the seams in the places of funnels: here the fuel-air mixture lingers for a long time, which is why the temperature is considerable.

The length of the chimney pipe is no more than 3.5 meters. Otherwise, due to too good traction, the fuel will be drawn into the pipe, which will significantly increase consumption and reduce heat transfer.

The figure on the right shows a hot-water version of a homemade stove. Around the upper part of the afterburning zone, several turns of a steel tube are made through which water is passed. In order for the temperature of the gases not to drop much, the coil is closed with a heat-reflecting steel casing. Cold water is fed from below, passing in a spiral, heats up and goes into the system.

Miracle oven in development

This option is very popular with summer residents and in garages. A convenient small stove, which is made with round or square burning zones. The design is so successful that there are even industrial options. For example, one of the enterprises sells it under the name "Ritsa". The diagram shows all the required dimensions.

Waste oil furnace diagram with dimensions - all you need to make it yourself

A video report on how to assemble this oven will help you navigate the order of work.

The video below shows the variant with square containers, its filling and dimensions.

Factory Options

Waste oil furnaces are made not only by the artisanal method, they are also produced by the industry. And there are both imported and Russian ones. But the type of construction they have is different.

European or American mining boilers belong to the category of liquid fuel furnaces. They use the principle of pressurization: oil is sprayed into small droplets, combined with an air stream. And the fuel-air mixture is already ignited. Imported factory stoves use the same principle, only a special burner is installed in which the fuel is heated before spraying.

To appreciate the difference in technology and structure, watch the following video. The device is completely different.

In furnaces Russian production most use the first principle - there is a hot (plasma) bowl in which liquid fuel turns into gaseous, mixes with air and burns. According to this principle, the following units are built:

Drawings and diagrams

There are many models of furnaces that use waste oil. And below are a few schemes that can give you an idea, and a do-it-yourself oven for working out will be efficient, economical and safe.

Oxygen bottle oven

Scheme of the Gecko oven

Waste oil stove "Typhoon"

Waste is a cheap fuel that can be used to power a furnace. Waste motor, industrial and transmission oil is available in large quantities at motor transport enterprises and service stations. Instead of being disposed of, used oil can be reused, which saves a lot of money. Heat transfer from used oil is equivalent electric heater at 15 kW. Fuel consumption is 0.5-2 liters per hour. However, here too there are some difficulties. You will learn more about them, as well as how to make a furnace for working out yourself from the article.

Pros and cons of using used oil

Furnaces for working off adopt the principle of direct heating of air, and as a result of such use of used oil, it is possible to heat garages, greenhouses, workshops. It is best to use such furnaces at car services, because there is no need to look for fuel. It is already at hand in large quantities.

Advantages

• when burning oil, there is no burning and soot
• ease of operation
• fire safety (used oil itself does not burn, only its vapors burn)

Flaws use of used oil:

• used unrefined oil from technical services is not suitable for boilers, because it contains many impurities, water, alcohols, etc.. The use of such unrefined oil will clog the filter, injectors, or even explode in the fuel heating unit. Therefore, used oil must be cleaned and filtered, which is impossible to do at home. Prepared purified waste oil costs about 12 rubles per liter (diesel oil costs from 28.4 rubles per liter).
• any car service center and state-owned motor transport enterprises are required to conclude agreements with companies involved in the disposal of used oil. i.e. they pay money in order to get rid of it, then, accordingly, they will not just hand out used oil left and right.
• waste oil cannot be kept cold. On the street, it will freeze, so you need to either store the oil in a heated room, or bury the barrel to the depth of freezing of the earth.

Types of furnaces in development

The most popular waste oil furnaces are pyrolysis furnaces and turbo burners. In pyrolysis ovens, the waste oil is heated with a lack of oxygen in the first chamber, where the oil decomposes. The decomposition products burn in the second chamber with a sufficient amount of oxygen, while releasing a large amount of heat. The pyrolysis temperature can be changed by decreasing or increasing the air supply to the pyrolysis chamber. The main disadvantage of such a furnace is the need regular brushing from the fractions accumulating in the chamber, as well as the impossibility automatic maintenance a certain temperature.

Turbo burners operate on the principle of diesel engines. Oil is sprayed into the chamber and the oil vapors begin to burn. The disadvantage of this type of ovens can be considered high sensitivity to the quality of the oil, as well as the need to warm it up before use.

According to the type of design, mining furnaces are divided into furnaces made from a gas cylinder, blown designs and models with drip fuel supply.

Furnace for mining from a gas cylinder

​ Materials and tools for the manufacture of the furnace

The easiest way to make a furnace is from used gas, oxygen or carbon balloon. Cylinders have good thickness walls, thanks to which such a furnace will last more than one year. A heating unit from one cylinder will be able to heat a room up to 90 m 2. Also, this design can be converted for water heating. The stove from the cylinder will not require forced air supply, and the oil will flow by gravity. To prevent the cylinder from heating up to fire-hazardous temperatures, it is necessary to set the height of the unit circuit in accordance with the height of the combustion source inside the device. For the manufacture of a furnace from a used cylinder, it is necessary purchase:

• chimney pipes with an internal diameter of at least 10 cm, a wall thickness of not more than 2 mm and a length of at least 4 m;
• fuel tank with a volume of 8-15 liters;
• burner pipes;
• welding machine and electrodes;
• Bulgarian;
• file;
• steel corners;
• drill and a set of drills;
• level and tape measure.

Manufacturing technology

We take a used seamless cylinder for 50 l t up to 1.5 cm thick. If the walls are thicker, then the cylinder will not be warm enough from the inside, and the oil vapor will not evaporate. The boiling point of the oil is approximately 300 0 C, so the chamber will be above 600 0 C. Then you need to get rid of bad smell odorant (leak detection gas) in a gas cylinder. To do this, condensate is drained on the street, and washed several times with water. Then balloon filled to the top with water, placed vertically in a special pallet or buried to a stable position in the ground.

Bulgarian cut off the top of the bottle. After the first cut, water begins to drain into the pan or onto the ground. When it drains the water, you can continue to cut the top. Most of the bottom will serve as a chamber, and the cut off top with a valve will become the stove cover.

We weld from steel corners to the bottom of the cylinder using a welding machine 20 cm "legs" for the stove. Then the balloon is placed on the "legs". In the upper part of the sawn-off lower half of the cylinder, we retreat from above 10-15 cm and, using welding, cut a hole for the main exhaust pipe by pipe diameter.

As an extract, you must select thin-walled chimney with a diameter of at least 10 cm and a length of at least 4 m. We insert it into the hole made, hold it strictly vertically and weld it. In the chimney, you also need to make a small hole, covered with a plate. With it, you can regulate the air supply.

ATTENTION! The chimney must be straight and vertical. No slopes or corners! The length of the chimney must not be less than 4 m.

From the place of welding we step back up 10 cm and do welding machine a small hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm. After 5 mm upwards, we make another hole. In the same way, we make 10 similar holes, the last one should be at a height of 50 cm from the welding site.

In the same pipe, at a height of one meter from the floor, a hole is made for a new pipe with a diameter of 5–8 cm and a length of 2–4 m. The pipe is inserted parallel to the floor and welded together.

A hole with a diameter of 5-8 cm is cut in the cut off upper part of the cylinder. Recycled oil will be poured there.

ATTENTION! In no case should unrefined oil be poured into such a design. It may contain water or alcohols, and if the temperature rises, an explosion and fire may occur. If all this happens in the garage, the consequences can be catastrophic!

At the top of the removable part of the cylinder, you can connect "tray", on which it will be possible to heat a mug of water or porridge. To do this, a square or rectangle is cut out of a steel sheet. small size and welded to the lid. Or it can be installed on a pipe that is parallel to the floor.

Furnace operation

Waste oil poured for 2/3 cylinder. Then you need to light a sheet of paper, put it on top of the oil and close the stove lid.

After a certain time, the temperature inside the oven will begin to rise, the oil will evaporate and spontaneous combustion of oil vapors.

ATTENTION! Oil must not be poured into an operating furnace. Also, gasoline and kerosene cannot be used as fuel.

After the end of work and cooling of the furnace, it is necessary to clean it of the contents. Remove the accumulated soot from the upper removable part by tapping the lid on the cylinder.

Materials and tools

Very popular among craftsmen from the people are the designs of waste oil furnaces, made from steel sheets. Such an oven has compact dimensions (70/50/35 cm without a chimney), weighs 27 kg, it can be connected to heating, it can be used in the cold, and the top of the oven can be used for cooking. To make such an oven, we need:

• steel sheet 4 mm thick
• steel sheet 6 mm thick
• Bulgarian
• file
• welding machine and electrodes
• a pipe with an inner diameter of 10 cm, a length of at least 4 m and a wall thickness of 4-5 mm for a chimney
• steel corners 20 cm high 4 pieces as legs for the oven
• drawing
• level and tape measure
• hammer
• burner pipes made of steel, copper or painted sheet

Stages of manufacturing a furnace from steel sheets

To start, print drawing of the future furnace with details painted on it.

Operation of the furnace in mining

If desired, you can give the oven aesthetic appearance. For this we do special paint : V liter jar pour half a liter of liquid glass, 200 grams of aluminum powder and 20 grams of chalk. The jar is closed with a lid and shaken vigorously. With this mixture using a regular brush the stove is stained. With the resulting mixture, you can paint three ovens, so the number of ingredients can be safely halved.

In order to use the furnace during working out, certain conditions must be observed. precautionary measures.

• do not put in a draft
• oven cannot be placed close to flammable objects
• around the oven should be half a meter free space
• cannot be allowed to get water into the oil, otherwise the boiling oil will begin to splash out through the holes in the pipe
• attentively check the chimney for leaks
• use as fuel only technical oil

The oven heats up to working condition in 5 minutes. To do this, fill for 2/3 fuel tank and top up with a little gasoline and solvent (20-30 grams). On a long wire, you need to make a burning wick and through the hole for pouring oil set fire to gasoline. It will help the oil to warm up to the right temperature so that the vapors begin to evaporate and ignite. After that, a stable column of flame fed by oxygen is formed in the pipe with holes. The intensity of the flame can be adjusted by the blower hole where the oil is poured.

ATTENTION! Do not leave a running oven unattended!

Waste oil furnace video review

IN last years used engine oils and light heating oil have risen in price, so buying it for heating has become not very profitable. However, many garage and workshop owners remain committed to oil heating because fuel is inexpensive. And if you learn how to make the oven itself for testing with your own hands, you can save even more, because factory heaters also cost money. Introducing 2 popular designs of liquid fuel stoves that you can make yourself.

Varieties of oil stoves

If you have already tried to understand homemade heaters on used oil and searched for drawings on the Internet, you probably got acquainted with a huge variety of products from home craftsmen. In fact, all heating units are derivatives of two basic structures operating on the principle of pyrolysis combustion:

1. A two-chamber miracle furnace of direct combustion with an open perforated pipe - an afterburner.
2. Stove - dropper with afterburner closed type placed inside the firebox.

Two-chamber miracle stove

Reference. It is also possible to efficiently burn heavily contaminated liquid lubricants using burners. But they are quite difficult to manufacture, and it is better to use burners in boilers connected to water heating.

The principle of operation of the miracle stove shown in the photo is very simple. Since oil recovery does not ignite or burn on its own, it must first be heated and evaporated. This takes place in the primary chamber, filled with about a third of the fuel. The oven works like this:

1. Mining must be ignited with a flammable fuel, after which it begins to evaporate and burn. Air is supplied through a damper in the lid of the firebox.
2. Oil vapors and pyrolysis gases rush up the pipe, where they mix with air from the holes. Due to this, they are burned.
3. In the secondary chamber, afterburning of gases continues. So that the generated heat does not immediately fly out into the chimney, the chamber is divided into 2 compartments by a partition that traps combustion products.

Garage craftsmen, who most often use these furnaces for mining, make many changes to the design - a 90 ° bent afterburner, a secondary chamber in the form of a barrel or a steel heat exchanger, a welded tank for automatic fuel replenishment, and so on. This does not change the principle of operation of the unit and is done for one purpose - to increase the efficiency of the heater and get more heat.

The drip furnace is characterized in that a perforated pipe is installed inside the fuel chamber and serves to supply combustion air. The mining coming through the oil pipeline drips into a special bowl, where it is safely burned, as shown in the diagram. For preheating, the fuel pipe is laid inside the afterburner. The unit can function both due to natural draft in the chimney, and with air blowing by a fan. The second option allows you to increase the heat transfer of the furnace at a constant fuel consumption.

So that you can choose for yourself suitable option oil heater for a garage, cottage or greenhouse, we offer to analyze the pros and cons of both designs.

Advantages and disadvantages of a miracle stove

A two-chamber waste oil furnace has one significant advantage - simplicity and low cost of manufacture. Making it is not a problem for anyone with the skills welding work. The second plus is the ability to burn the most polluted oils, since they are poured directly into the chamber without any tubes that can become clogged.

Now for the disadvantages:

• low efficiency, as indicated heat exhaust gases (you can’t touch the chimney);
• average fuel consumption - 1.5 liters / hour, maximum - up to 2 liters, which is a lot;
• the stove smokes into the room during ignition and smokes a little after warming up;
• high fire hazard.

Scheme of a mini-oven

An important point. If in homemade stove pour mining with an admixture of water or antifreeze, then when it evaporates, pops appear in the chamber with drops of burning oil spraying through the holes of the afterburner. This creates a fire hazard that cannot be extinguished with water.

These shortcomings have been tested in practice and are confirmed by numerous reviews of real users. So that you have no doubts about this, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video, which shows the operation of the furnace in oil mixed with water:

Pros and cons of a dropper

Unlike the previous heater, the furnace is working out drip type safe in operation, because fuel is supplied in small portions into the bowl, and the pipe with holes is hidden in a steel case. Strengths stoves look like this:

• economical fuel consumption - from 0.5 to 1.5 l / h;
• the possibility of burning oils mixed with water or antifreeze;
• efficient fuel combustion, which is confirmed by smokeless exhaust to the street;
• forced air furnace is undemanding to the height of the chimney;
• The unit does not emit smoke into the room.

This is how combustion occurs in a dropper

If desired, the dropper can be improved by providing security automatics, or by turning it into a boiler by installing a water jacket. To supply heat to 2-3 registers, it is enough to weld the furnace with a water circuit in the form of a coil installed in the upper part of the body.

Reference. Some craftsmen cut the doors in advance in the body of the stove. They serve not only to clean soot, but also to load firewood if mining is over.

The negative point is the clogging of the oil lines during the operation of the heater. To avoid this, the used lubricant has to be filtered and defended. For the same purpose, in a separate fuel tank, the oil pipe fitting cuts 5-10 cm above the bottom of the tank, where debris settles.

We make a simple oven

If you are not scared away by the shortcomings of a two-chamber stove, or you have working out without impurities, then prepare the following materials for assembling the unit:

• metal 4-5 mm thick or cuttings of thick-walled pipes of large diameter for the body;
• pieces of rolled metal for legs;
• a pipe 100 x 4 mm will go to the afterburner and flue gas outlet;
• a piece of steel sheet up to 2 mm thick - on the air damper.

Note. The body shape does not of great importance. From pieces of pipe, the stove will come out round, from sheet steel - square. From pipes with a diameter of 200-300 mm, you can make a mini-oven, although you will have to add fuel to it more often.

Focusing on the dimensions indicated on the drawing of the oil furnace, cut out the blanks and proceed with the assembly in accordance with the instructions:

1. Weld the lower (primary) chamber and attach legs to it. Cut out the top round hole and install the air damper on the rivet.
2. Drill holes in the pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, as indicated on the drawing.
3. Weld the finished afterburner to the firebox.
4. Assemble the secondary chamber with a baffle and a chimney pipe. Weld it to the top end of the perforated pipe. This oven is ready.

A few words about how to upgrade the furnace for testing. If you make 2 afterburners and increase the size of the secondary chamber, you can increase the power heating unit. A sample of such a product is shown in the photo, a fuel tank is also attached to it with a safe “on the go” replenishment system.

Example original design with a bent afterburner designed for a bath, you can see in the next video:

How to make a drip oven from a cylinder

As a rule, a mining stove with a drip oil supply into the bowl is made from a pipe with a diameter of 200 mm or an old propane gas cylinder. The latter is better to take the Soviet sample, where the wall thickness is up to 5 mm.

Advice. Do not take an oxygen cylinder to assemble the heater. There are two reasons: too big weight and prolonged warm-up due to thick walls, as well as the risk of explosion during metal cutting.

When making a firebox from a pipe, you will have to make and weld a bottom with a lid to it. In this plan gas cylinder more convenient: you need to unscrew the valve, fill it with water and cut off the upper part with a grinder. After that, follow the instructions:

1. Make holes in the body for the chimney and in the lid - for mounting the afterburner. In the lower part of the cylinder, an inspection opening can be cut, closed by a bolted lid, as shown in the drawing.
2. Make the afterburner pipe by drilling holes according to the drawing. At the bottom end, make 9 grooves with a cutting wheel.
3. Make a steel bowl, you can use a car brake disc, as shown in the photo. Place it on the bottom of the firebox, lifting it 3-5 cm.
4. Replace the afterburner and put on the cylinder cap. Insert the oil line into the pipe so that its end is above the bowl.
5. Make a fuel tank with a fitting (for example, from a heating expansion tank) and hang it on the wall near the stove. It remains only to connect the chimney and you can start igniting.

If you want to make a working furnace with a water circuit, then place a coil from a thick-walled tube inside the firebox, preferably from stainless steel. Place it in the upper zone, and bring the ends of the tubes out through the holes in the walls. Then they can be connected to the garage water heating batteries, as is done in the photo.

Details about the device of a waste oil drip furnace, made by hand from a gas cylinder, are described in the following video:

Conclusion

Makeshift stoves in detention can be very effective, especially when they are smart and upgraded. In some cases, an oil heater can be heated a private house, but then you need to weld a water jacket for the furnace and turn it into a boiler. The latter will have to be moved to a separate building, for example, summer kitchen or barn. Otherwise, dirt and a persistent smell of used oil will appear in the boiler room.

Among the many options for home-made heaters and stoves, it is worth mentioning the interesting design of the heater - waste oil stoves. Many of the old motorists have a considerable amount of used motor oil in their garages and basements. The lubricant is not suitable for work for its intended purpose, but it is just perfect as a fuel for the stove during mining.

Waste oil furnace options

The appearance of an oil-fired oven does not cause enthusiasm, but this is only at first glance. Almost all homemade options used grease furnaces have been improved and redesigned many times in order to achieve stable operation and good heat transfer. To understand and evaluate the reliability of the design, it is worth at least once to make a furnace for testing with your own hands, or use ready-made in severe frost.

Most often, the simplest and easiest version of the waste oil furnace is made for themselves. If desired, you can assemble more complex designs:

• Furnace for mining with pressurized air into the combustion chamber;
• Waste oil sauna stove with adjustable heating power;
• A mining furnace with a water circuit or forced airflow of a heated surface;
• Waste oil drip furnace.

Important ! The high viscosity and poor volatility of the used oil increase the fire safety of the furnace, but at the same time they do not interfere with easy maintenance and refilling of the container, control of the combustion process and removal of exhaust gases.

For most designs, you will need a sheet of ferrous metal 3-4 mm thick, a grinder with three metal discs, a welding machine and a dozen No. 4 electrodes.

Features of the device and operation

For the operation of the furnace, any hydrocarbon oil is suitable, similar in consistency and properties to motor oil. Hydraulic and ballast fluids can be used, anything that can burn when very hot. Some amateurs manage to burn rancid vegetable oil, and even melted grease waste.

Important ! All options are possible provided that there are no additives or additives in the oil that give toxic or poisonous compounds during combustion or pyrolysis.

What and where burns in the furnace

The design of the waste oil stove has two main combustion zones and one auxiliary one. As such, there is no separate front or flame of combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the furnace. The conditional combustion area is located in the combustion chamber - a perforated pipe connecting the upper and lower parts of the furnace.

In the lower chamber there is a stock of used oil, the smaller its volume, the faster and better the used oil warms up, evaporates and burns faster. An additional container or a tank with the main mining reserve is connected to the lower tank through a metal oil pipeline.

The hardest part is the ignition process. To do this, several pieces of tow, richly moistened with kerosene, are pushed into the combustion chamber. Mining is poured into the lower vessel of the furnace through a hole with a lid for ¾ of the nominal volume. They set fire to the tow, and the process of ignition has begun.

As the oil warms up, it begins to evaporate intensively, the vapors, mixing with the heated air, enter the chamber and intensify combustion. Under the action of air draft in the pipe, combustion products are quickly removed to a safe distance.

Drip oven option

In addition to the above version of the furnace for working out, similar to a giant dumbbell placed vertically, there is another very interesting scheme motor oil ovens. This design is also called a stove with a fire cup. The principle of operation is clear from the above drawing of the furnace for testing.

At the bottom of the cylinder there is an open small container, with a filler in the form of a broken tangled wire. Mining flows down and drips along a vertical pipe from top to bottom. Drops of used oil, falling on hot metal, evaporate with the decomposition of heavy oil products into lighter components. They burn very well and produce less soot.

The heat from the cloud of burning oil is transferred through the walls to the surrounding air or to the water body of the tank or heat exchanger.

For your information! A similar design of an oil-fired furnace is more complicated and heavier than the previous version, but at the same time it is easily controlled, gives good quality combustion and is absolutely insensitive to fuel quality.

If the question is not about the mobility of the furnace during mining, it is better to use a design with a drip oil supply.

How to organize competent heat removal from the surface of the furnace

It is not enough to create a burning ball of fire. It is also necessary to somehow correctly remove heat to the surrounding space and warm the air in the room. In fact, this is an oil analogue of a potbelly stove, it is warm nearby, and a little cold at a distance.

Here, some of its shortcomings appear in the used oil furnace, which you need to be aware of and be ready to eliminate the possible consequences:

We design and assemble the furnace for testing on our own

The manufacture of the structure is very simple, at the first stage we cut out blanks from sheet metal according to the drawing, at the second stage we qualitatively weld by electric welding into the finished structure according to the scheme.

Step one - we make the main parts

First of all, we cut out on a sheet and cut out with a grinder 4 bottoms of the upper and lower chambers of the furnace. For finishing, we leave an allowance of 1 mm to the diameter of each element. We cut out the cut blanks according to the drawing dimensions on the grinder. The same requirement applies to the side walls of the chambers.

For a fire chamber, you can use a ready-made thick-walled pipe or an old cylinder with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm. With the help of a core, we mark the positions of the holes and drill them on drilling machine, you can use an electric drill.

Step two - assembly of the structure

Welding work is not particularly difficult with correct selection electric mode.

Advice ! Before proceeding with the final assembly, practice welding on scraps of steel sheet and pipe. This will allow you to optimally select the current and speed of the electrode.

• We grab the bottom points and side walls the lower chamber, boil the seam twice to obtain a strong and tight connection;
• We install the fire chamber in the finished lower chamber and fix it with one point, heat up the laying place with a blowtorch welding seam and also hot, boil twice;
• We put the lower bottom of the upper chamber on the pipe and weld it similarly to the previous paragraph;
• We weld the side walls and the cover of the upper chamber, the supports, the chimney adapter in the usual way.

For the filler hole of the stove, choose the option of an easily removable tight cover or flap that allows you to adjust the amount of air sucked in by the stove.

Trial

To check the reliability of the connection, a thermal test of the furnace should be carried out. The goal is to check the reliability of welds under the action of internal deformations in a heated state. To do this, you can install two or three working blowtorches in the direction of the fire chamber and warm up the structure for half an hour. If the design does not lose a single weld, the product is ready for use.

Various self-made heating stoves are quite popular today. Because you don't have to spend a lot on them. Money and they are very efficient. Waste oil stoves are just such units that are installed for heating a house, garage, bathhouse, workshop, greenhouse or other outbuildings. Do-it-yourself furnace drawings for working out are quite understandable and no complex structures there is not, so anyone who wants to make such an aggregate can handle it quite well.

Often, stoves are made on used oil for a bath. This is a great option, as the unit will not only quickly heat the air in the bath, but also the water. Furnace equipment for a bath is usually quite expensive, and such a do-it-yourself design is quite effective and cheap.

Rice. 1 The simplest round
unit design in development

Principle of operation

The design of the waste oil furnace consists in the presence of two tanks connected by a burner pipe (Fig. 1). One tank is at the bottom and the other is at the top. The lower tank is the primary combustion chamber, in which the oil is actually placed, where it boils, and gases are released that continue to burn in the connecting pipe.

Connecting pipe must be equipped with holes (fig. 2). The diameter of these holes becomes about 1 cm. Air enters the burner pipe through these holes, with which the vapors mix and ignite with renewed vigor. In the upper tank, the oil vapors burn out and the combustion products are removed through the chimney.

Rice. 2 Manufactured pipe-burner with
openings to the unit for mining

There must be a hole in the lower tank through which air enters the combustion chamber, and also through which oil is poured. There should be a damper on this hole, it regulates the intensity of combustion. Can be made different models ovens. Quite often, drawings of a square furnace are used for mining (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3 Square furnace with a fuel supply tank in
bottom tank

Also, do-it-yourself furnaces are often automated for mining, for example, by adding air compressor booster and fuel pump.

Rice. 4

It should be noted that the layout of the furnace for mining can be different, for example, made from a gas cylinder, with a water circuit, the tanks can be round or square.

This design has many advantages. The main ones can be noted:

• Versatility. The design of this oven is so arranged that it is possible not only to heat the room, but also to cook food (Fig. 5).
• Cheapness in the manufacture of the furnace and cheapness of fuel. Although used-type oil is not available everywhere in such volumes.
• Design reliability.
• The efficiency of the heating process.

Rice. 5

Making a furnace for mining from a gas cylinder

The gas cylinder is ideal for making a furnace out of it, that is, its shape, thickness. Especially often this design is used in the bath. For this you need the following materials:

• Standard type gas cylinder: 50 liters, its walls should be about 1.5 cm thick, since if the wall is thicker, the device will heat up longer.
• Sheets of steel. This is necessary for the manufacture of a container from which oil will flow.
• Galvanized chimney pipe.
• Pipes for the burner.
• Steel corners for legs.

To make a waste oil furnace, you need a drill, an angle grinder, a welding machine, as well as a set of locksmith tools, a tape measure, and a level.

The drawing of the furnace for mining from a gas cylinder is very important in the design. To begin with, the gas cylinder must be empty, it must be opened, since the remaining gas remains exactly the same. You also need to drain all the condensate. Clean the bottle with water several times. Cleaning should only be carried out outdoors and never indoors.

Rice. 6 A variant of the unit for the development of the manufactured
from a balloon

Next, you need to cut off the top. In order to put exactly marks for the cut, you can draw water into a cylinder and bury it in the ground up to half. The cut is made at an angle. grinder, that is, a grinder, along with water inside. Next, water will begin to flow through the incision, it is worth waiting for it to flow out excess water, after which the top is completely cut off.

According to the drawing of the waste oil furnace with your own hands, you should then make a hole for the chimney. It is done on the cylinder body at a distance of 10 cm from the top. The diameter of this hole should be the same as the chimney pipe. Horizontal pipe(about 40 cm) is welded to the cylinder by a welding machine, and a vertical part is already attached to it, which should reach at least 3.5 m.

Rice. 7 The chimney of the unit is being worked out.
Finishing the ceiling above the stove in the bath

In the case above the bottom, you need to cut a hole for blowing. It has rectangular shape. And then a door is attached to it to adjust the intensity of combustion. A container for testing is installed at the bottom of the cylinder. It can be made from a pipe with a diameter of 17 cm, a height of about 10 cm can be taken. The bottom must be welded to this pipe with a sealed seam. From a sheet of steel, you need to cut a lid for a container with oil. It should have 2 holes: one for the burner pipe - 10 cm, the second for supplying fuel and air 4 cm. In this design, as well as in other drawings and assemblies of waste oil furnaces, a valve is needed for the fuel supply hole.

The burner pipe must be as high as a gas cylinder. One end must be welded to the lower combustion chamber, and to the second a round piece cut from a sheet of steel. The diameter of this part is equal to the diameter of the balloon.

Also, holes with a diameter of 1 cm should be drilled on the pipe with a drill; there should be about 40 of them, they are arranged in rows. Further, the entire resulting structure is placed in a balloon. The flue opening must be above the top round piece. The cylinder cover, which was previously cut off, is welded to the resulting structure from above.

You also need to weld the legs from the prepared corner to the cylinder. Now you can pour mining into the finished design, made by yourself, through the blower door.

Often in the manufacture of waste oil furnaces, a different method of supplying oil is used. For example, a branch pipe is launched through a burner pipe with a diameter of about 2 cm, into which another one is cut at an angle. An oil container can be connected to the second pipe. This design is done by hand.

Rice. 8

Furnace with water circuit

The scheme of the waste oil furnace with a water circuit is quite simple. The design has a pump supplying fuel to the combustion chamber. Oil (working out) is in a separate container. When the oil is fed into the chamber, it begins to evaporate, and the vapors rise into the burner pipe, where intensive combustion occurs and, as a result, the water in the water jacket is heated. In such a working device, a drip fuel supply scheme is installed.

In the upper part there is a container with water, which is heated. Already from this container, an exit is made to the heating circuit (above), and through the second hole (below), the already chilled water returns to such a hand-made boiler. The pipes that enter the water tank should be 4 cm in diameter. For such a system, you first need to assemble the pipeline and radiators.

Installation Requirements and Safety

Knowing how to make a working oven is not all. It is very important to know all safety rules and installation requirements as this oven is a fire hazard. The main rule in the manufacture is to adhere to the schemes and drawings of the waste oil furnace made earlier. You should also make the unit only from high-quality, and, of course, heat-resistant materials, desired thickness.

The chimney should only be vertical position, during assembly, it is allowed to adhere to a slope of 300-400. The thickness of the flue pipe must be at least 3 mm. The chimney must be closed with a visor that will protect it from rain. Do-it-yourself installation of such a furnace implies absolutely flat surface, this is important, because the oil level in the lower reservoir must be even and not reach the top.

Before installing a finished structure, you need to take care of the place where it will stand. Be sure to make heat-resistant protection, that is, install asbestos or steel sheets on the walls. You can put the unit on brickwork, flooded cement mortar. around the stove should be free space, about 50 cm.

Maintenance of the furnace during working out consists in cleaning the chimney from soot and soot and the oil tank.

It should be noted a few points that absolutely cannot be done:

• Do not use flammable substances during operation, especially as fuel. This can lead to a fire in the unit, and then to an explosion. Only oily substances (fuel oil, kerosene, etc.) can act as combustion catalysts.
• It is impossible to leave the furnace on working out in the process of burning without supervision for a long time.
• You can not use the stove with an improperly made chimney, and even more so without it at all.
• Do not extinguish or cool the unit with water. In case of emergency, extinguish the stove only with a fire extinguisher. When installing such a unit, it is imperative to acquire fire extinguishers.
• The oven must not be used if it is malfunctioning, for example, if it smokes, smokes, etc. it is not safe for human health.
• You can not close the air intake, you need to make sure that this does not happen by accident.
• Do not use used oil that is too contaminated or has water in it. Contaminated fuel should be filtered or settled and only then used.
• Do not install the unit in a draft, under the shelves on which there are any things, near the curtains. All of this can cause a fire.

Transformer, transmission, motor, depreciation oils are suitable as fuel for a working furnace during mining. If the refueling of the unit is portioned, then it is forbidden to add oil during the combustion process. Refueling of mining occurs only after the complete burnout of the previous portion and the cooling of the unit.