The minimum temperature in the apartment in winter. The optimum temperature in the apartment in winter: the norm according to the law
The amount in payment receipts increases quarterly, especially during the crisis period for the country. But at the same time, the quality utilities leaves much to be desired. Difficult times come for tenants when the heating is turned off. In such a situation, the management companies responsible for the provision of hot water in apartment buildings, often work in bad faith and strive to evade responsibility.
Temperature norms
Of course, a lot depends on the preferences of the residents - some like it cooler and are content with a low temperature of 18 ° C, others prefer instead of thick sweaters and socks cozy warmth and 24-25 ° C. But you need to know what temperature should be in our apartment according to legislative acts, since not only the state of health and well-being of the family, but also the budget depends on this.
The temperature norm in the apartment is contained in “ GOST R 51617-2000. Housing and communal services. General specifications“. Here are the values needed to calculate the maximum power of the heating devices. Flights of stairs in residential buildings should have a temperature of 14-20 ° C. This is a space that residents use for a short time, no more than an hour and are dressed in outerwear.
In inter-apartment corridors, as well as in lobbies, the temperature is 16-22 ° C. In hallways, living rooms and kitchens with gas or electric stoves the temperature is 18-25°C. These rooms are for permanent residence(i.e. more than 4 hours). The highest temperature is 24°C - valid for calculations in the bathroom. The standard is also regulated Sanitary regulations and SanPiN.
Medical temperature standards in a residential area
A little about what the optimal temperature should be in the house according to medical recommendations. Standards in living quarters are 22° C. This temperature provides high thermal comfort with an air humidity of 30%. If room temperature higher, it may cause irritation respiratory tract, the appearance of mucus, increased susceptibility to bacteria and viruses in the nose and throat. The only exception is the bathroom, where water vapor rises, and even more high temperatures do not threaten health.
When the child is at home, the temperature in the apartment should be raised by at least 1 degree, and in the bathroom or other room where he bathes, up to 28 degrees. Adult bedrooms can be slightly cooler than the living room, around 20°C. deep dream and therefore the best rest.
Heat rate control
In order to keep the above recommendations and to minimize heating costs, it is necessary to properly control the heat rates, taking care of the thermal insulation of the house. Window and door frames need to be sealed. In a room, do not cover radiators, paint them thickly with paint, and do not hang thick window shades over them (heaters are usually installed under windows). Place furniture and equipment at a minimum distance of 1 meter from radiators.
It is recommended to adjust the temperature curve of the heating system in individual rooms using manual or electronic thermostats. When installed even on an old heater, the electronic head can be set to a temperature of up to 0.5 degrees, and program thermal power for a whole week, taking into account the time of day and the habits of local residents.
Modern thermostats will also regulate heat output in accordance with external conditions - warming or cooling outside, sunlight etc. You don't have to turn off the heat completely, all you have to do is lower the temperature, for example by setting the economy mode to 15°C. Lowering the temperature even by 1°C increases the heat savings by 5-7.5%.
Factors affecting temperature
The temperature readings in the apartment are influenced by many factors, primarily external ones. They fluctuate due to the following conditions:
- turning off heating;
- climatic features of the place;
- change of seasons;
- individual features of individual apartments.
The heating temperature schedule also depends on the place where the property owners live. For example, in the northern latitude it will differ from the southern climate. The influence of such factors as Atmosphere pressure and humidity outdoors also affect the normal value of the heat supply system in any month.
When the seasons change, the microclimate in living rooms also varies. For example, in the winter months, the temperature will be lowered, and in the hot season it will increase. When in the spring they stop supplying heat to the radiators following the shutdown schedule, the temperature in the apartment also drops. For mid-latitudes, the optimal value in winter is about 22 degrees, and in summer - 25 degrees. Although at first glance the difference of three degrees is insignificant, but it affects the well-being of all those living in an apartment building or a private house.
Climate control in the room
When heating is turned off, the temperature in the apartment must be controlled for the comfort of all citizens living in it. There are people who are comfortable and well during the hot months, they do not need to install climate equipment. Also, some in winter cold constantly ventilate the rooms. But all the requirements of average residents are reflected in the current regulations for any heat supply company for which a central shutdown schedule is set heating appliances. After all, hypothermia, like overheating, adversely affects human health.
Among other things, the norms depend on gender. Women require higher temperatures than men. Extremely carefully you need to observe the temperature regime in the apartment where the children live. They cannot yet regulate their temperature, therefore they are prone to rapid overheating and freezing compared to adults. As a result, the thermal norm for them should be stable and be about 22 degrees.
In accordance with the current sanitary standards, central temperature control systems must maintain indicators of at least and no more than 22 degrees, and any deviations from this value have a bad effect on well-being.
For supporting normal temperature some conditions must be met. Previously, the temperature was regulated using batteries, and in order to warm the room more, additional heat sources were used - various electric heaters, convectors, etc. To cool the room, they opened transoms and windows, thus solving the problem.
Today, scientific progress has made it possible to choose any climatic equipment that will provide comfortable conditions in apartments. Eg, modern air conditioners not only cool the air streams coming from the street, but are also equipped with a heating function. They also have dehumidification functions when the room is too humid, and air purification from harmful compounds.
Current sanitary regulations do not set the temperature of radiators. It is only important that the temperature in the housing correspond to certain indicators, which is affected by differences climatic conditions the corresponding region. Indicators in the winter months should not be lower than 20 degrees. If this value is less, then the services of the heat supply organization are of poor quality.
In doing so, property owners need to:
- seek to eliminate poor performance in the provision of public services;
- demand from the management company when the heating is turned off unscheduled;
- carefully seal all cracks in windows and doors;
- buy additional equipment for space heating;
- install autonomous heating devices.
How to increase or decrease the temperature
By GOST the lowest indicator in the apartment should correspond to 15 degrees. With this value, although life is rather difficult and uncomfortable, management companies believe that all standards are met. Because of this, the population independently regulates the temperature regime, and when colds come or massive heating cuts, double-glazed windows are installed or windows are sealed. At worst, they turn on electric heaters or convectors.
And what to do when the constant temperature in the housing reaches 28 degrees, which happens when the batteries are too hot. The highest figure in the standard is 24 degrees, to which an error of 4 degrees is added. When thermostats are installed on the radiator, there are no questions, you just need to adjust it to the required number.
When there are no such devices on the battery, it is not very convenient to constantly open the windows due to drafts in the room. If the apartment has Small child, then such actions are not a way out, it is completely contraindicated for older people. To correct the situation, you can:
- close the valve in front of the radiator;
- install an air exchanger.
By closing the ball valve in front of the battery, you will reduce the amount hot water which is being served. The recuperator will allow the air flows to circulate correctly, and the air flow will enter the housing already warmed up.
Optimum temperature during the heating season
Kaya is clear from the above, the comfortable value in the apartment is set SNIP at 20-22 degrees. Possible indicators are defined within the limits of 18-26 degrees, in accordance with the purpose of housing. Kitchen, living rooms and bathrooms have different standards. The errors correspond to 3 degrees of decrease and 4 degrees of increase in indicators. Unfortunately, according to the current legislation, when the apartment is 15 degrees above zero, you cannot make claims against the management companies. Also at a temperature of 30 degrees, when in winter the batteries heat up as much as possible. Here, as they say, if you want to live, know how to turn around and contact the relevant authorities.
Responsibility of public utilities in case of violations of the norms
According to the law, tenants and homeowners have the right to apply for recalculation to management companies, which are required to reduce by 0.15 percent for each hour of violation of the standards. If you calculate, then for 28 days of improper provision of the service, the payment is reduced to 90 percent. Naturally, utilities themselves will not perform such a recalculation, so you will have to apply to the courts.
There are many cases where residents apartment buildings sued money from public utilities for not fully rendered or poor-quality services. For example, three years ago, a Perm woman managed to recover 136 thousand rubles from the management company for violating their obligations to provide heat to the apartment. Therefore, you should defend your rights and contact.
Conclusion
The management company at the place of residence is obliged to provide temperature according to current standards and regulations. As a result, in case of identified cases of non-compliance with the quality of heating services, it is necessary to report to this organization and, if necessary, draw up an act.
If it concerns a private residential building, then it is necessary to control the supplied heating devices, increasing the efficiency of the batteries or modern efficient devices.
When it comes to paying utility bills, many tenants of apartment buildings complain that the temperature in their apartments was not up to standard in winter. As a result, consumers have to overpay for services that they did not receive in full.
This means that the temperature of the coolant in the heating radiators was below normal. To understand this issue, it is necessary to consider the standards that have been developed government agencies operating throughout Russia in the winter season.
The heating season begins in autumn, when the air temperature outside the window drops below +8 °C. But this takes into account the fact that this indicator is kept for at least five days.
If there is an abrupt drop, for example, two days +5 °C, one day +10 °C, the next two days +7 °C, then heating in apartment buildings is not switched on. Switching off is made when the thermometer rises above +8 °C. The same rules apply with a five-day condition.
Regulations
Heating standards are legalized, that is, their violation is followed by administrative or criminal punishment. All of them are determined by SNiPs, which is the law for public utilities. So, here is a list of the main norms in force for residential and non-residential premises in apartment buildings:
- +18 °C in the living quarters of the apartment;
- if the apartment is corner, then +20 °C;
- in the kitchen, the temperature should be at least +18 ° C;
- in the bathroom +25 °C;
- on stairwell and in the lobby (if such a room exists) not lower than +16 °C;
- in the elevator temperature norm+5 °C;
- in the attic and in the basement +4°C.
How to take measurements correctly?
Measurement of the air temperature inside the residential premises of apartment buildings is done in certain places. From external walls at a distance of 1.0 m, from the floor at a height of 1.5 m. Control measurements are made every hour during the day. In this case, it is precisely the decrease in temperature from the standard that is taken into account. If this fact is confirmed, then apartment residents can pay for services less by 0.15%.
At the same time, an act of measurements taken is necessarily drawn up, one copy of which remains in the hands of the residents. Please note that the public utilities will correct all the shortcomings within a week, so do not disturb them and remind them every day.
There is one more point to which attention should be paid. If the temperature in the heating radiators was below the norm by 3 ° C during the day, and by 5 ° C at night, then the management company must recalculate utilities.
By the way, the amount of rent reduction will depend on the area of the apartment. And the more it is, the less you have to pay.
There is another standard on which the quality and comfort of living in an apartment depends high-rise building- air exchange rate. That is, there are certain indicators that are based on sanitary and hygienic standards, requiring that the air in the apartment constantly change.
In residential premises with an area of 18-20 m², air exchange should be 3 m³ / h per square meter. In kitchens, this figure is 60 m³ / h, this is if a hob with two burners is installed in it. If a three burner cooker is used then 75 m³/h and a four burner cooker 90 m³/h.
In the bathroom, this figure will depend entirely on its area. For example, an area of 25 m² - an air exchange rate of 25 m³ / h. If the same area, but in the bathroom, then 50 m³ / h. In the toilet 25 m³/h with an area of 16 m².
These two standards are related. It is impossible to ensure that the temperature in the apartment meets the standards, and air exchange is not taken into account. Or vice versa. Everything must be taken into account comprehensively. Only then will it be possible to talk about comfortable conditions residence.
How to measure the temperature of the coolant?
Maybe not everyone knows, but the hot water that flows from the tap in the hot water supply system is the coolant flowing through the heating pipes.
The easy way
Therefore, if you want to check its temperature yourself, just use a thermometer to measure hot water poured, for example, into a glass.
Its temperature limits: 50-70 °C. Deviations can be, but only for an increase, and only by 4 degrees.
Measurement of the heating level of heating devices
There are other ways to measure temperature limits. To do this, you will have to measure this indicator for pipes or heating radiators. This can be done with an infrared thermometer-pyrometer or a conventional alcohol thermometer. In the second case, the measuring device is applied to the pipe or battery and covered with insulation.
Measurements with an electrothermometer
There is a more complex measuring device - an electric thermometer.
Its thermocouples are applied to the plane of a pipe or radiator, they are fixed and measured, including the “Measure temperature” function.
Instrument corrections
Usually each device has its own scale of deviations. For example, for alcohol - up to 2 ° C, for infrared - 0.5 ° C. Therefore, after carrying out all measurements, it is necessary to add 1-2 ° С to the obtained digital indicator.
What to do next?
If the result of the measurements taken does not suit you, and you think that the temperature of the coolant does not correspond to the norm, then you must write a statement to management company. A commission should come from her and take their measurements. All their actions must comply with the rules of GOST 30494-90 "Control Methods". At the same time, employees must use a measuring device that has been registered and has a quality certificate.
The device must meet certain technical specifications:
- temperature range from +5 °С to +40 °С;
- measurement error - 0.1 °C.
Temperature dependence
There is a certain dependence of the air temperature inside residential premises on the air temperature outside the window. This dependence determines the supply of coolant with a certain level of heating. During the heating season, this figure may change daily, or it may not change for months.
Gosstroy in 2003 issued a decree in which the temperature parameters of the coolant were precisely determined. Please note that they are taken into account only for the lower supply of hot water. Multiple positions:
- air temperature outside +5 °C, in the heating circuit supply +50 °C, in the return +39 °C;
- outdoors 0 °C, supply +65 °C, return +48 °C;
- outside -5°C, supply +78°C, return +56°C.
Dependence on the type of system
And one more thing that determines the temperature regime. If in apartment building installed two-pipe heating system, then the temperature of the coolant should be +95 °C.
If the system is single-pipe, then the rate is increased to +105 ° C. But note that in corner apartments the air temperature will still be lower.
Not only well-being, but also the state of human health depends on how comfortable the temperature in the apartment is. That is why scientists have identified certain norms that are considered optimal for room temperatures.
What should be the temperature in the room
IN different countries and cities, the norm of a comfortable temperature regime is different, and this is due, first of all, to the climatic features of the area. To determine what air temperature is optimal for a particular room, you also need to consider how humid the air is in it.
In addition, it is worth noting that depending on the season, the microclimate also changes. For example, in winter, the apartment is heated with a battery and the temperature in it is slightly lower than in summer period when heating replaces the warm sun.
In the cold season, the air in the room should be warmed up to +22 degrees Celsius, and in the warm season - up to +25. At first glance, this difference may seem insignificant, but in fact it is not.
Room temperature
Perhaps it is no secret to anyone that the air in the apartment is heated unevenly. The temperature regime largely depends on what is the function of the room?
Additionally, it is worth noting that the proper temperature regime must be maintained in all rooms and at the same time try to ensure that when moving from one room to another, you do not feel too strong changes in air temperature. A normal and comfortable temperature regime for a person implies that by moving, for example, from the living room to the kitchen, you will not feel a significant difference, as the temperature will change max 2 degrees to one side or the other.
Temperature regime for newborns
In the development of the baby, the conditions surrounding him play almost one of the most important roles and that is why it is necessary to observe the proper temperature regime in the room in which the child rests and spends most of his time. In order for the newborn not to get sick and his health not to be shaken, it is important not only to avoid hypothermia, but also excessive overheating.
The temperature norm for a baby also depends on its physical data:
- A newborn born right on time and without any abnormalities will feel comfortable at 19°-21°C.
- A premature baby requires more attention and therefore the air temperature in his bedroom should be approximately 24 ° -25 ° C.
What causes hypothermia or excessive overheating of the child's body
Room temperature for newborns should be comfortable and comply with the standard according to GOST. After all, heat in infants is released more intensely than in older children and they sweat more, because of this, the child's body loses the water and mineral salts it needs.
In order to prevent this from happening, you need to carefully monitor how much the air in the room warms up. It is also worth noting that there are a number of symptoms indicating that newborn overheated:
- The child's body temperature is slightly higher than normal
- The newborn begins to breathe through the mouth
- The baby's breathing is difficult due to the appearance of hard crusts in the nose
- Redness and diaper rash appear in the folds on the skin
- The baby may have a tummy ache
Due to even a slight hypothermia, a newborn can get sick, so you need to ensure that the temperature in the child’s bedroom does not drop even a couple of degrees.
How to create a comfortable temperature for the baby
Usually the temperature in the apartment does not fall below 18 - 20 degrees. With the exception of the period when the heating in the apartments has only recently been turned off or is about to be turned on.
Therefore, if you notice that the air in the room has become too cold and the newborn is freezing, you need to artificially “warm up” the room. In addition, it will also be useful to additionally warm the baby itself by covering it with a warm blanket or blanket.
We all know what the temperature should be in a baby’s room, but what if in the summer it’s indoors getting too hot? The answer to this question is simple: you need to give the child plenty of water, remove excess clothing from him and wipe with water. All these simple actions will help to avoid overheating.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that, despite the personal preferences of each person, doctors still recommend adhering to generally established norms. This is due to the fact that overheating or hypothermia is harmful not only for the body of a newborn baby, but also for the health of an adult.
Heating in an apartment is the work of either the relevant authorized organization, or the owner of the dwelling himself. In the second case, everything is clear: individual system heating allows you to maintain any desired temperature in each of the premises. In the first variant, everything is not so simple.
Heating norms for residential and non-residential premises are developed on the basis of sanitary standards. The latter are based on rather complex calculations of the needs of an average body. These values are called optimal. They are of a legislative nature and are reflected in the requirements of SNiP.
Definition of the norm
A person maintains a thermal balance with the surrounding air. In the simplest approximation, this means that as the temperature rises human body also heats up. But when a certain critical value is reached, it cools, for example, with the help of sweating. When the air cools, a person first freezes, and then tries to warm up. Chilling when freezing is the result of muscle work that raises body temperature.
The norm is such a temperature range in which the compensatory mechanisms of cooling or warming are not activated. Several factors influence the definition of their boundaries:
- The intensity of heat transfer depends on the type of activity. During hard physical work or sports, the human body generates much more heat than when walking slowly or playing chess. Accordingly, in the first case, a person will not freeze even at a low temperature in the room, but in the second case, he will freeze at the slightest decrease in it.
- Another factor is the time of year and climatic features. The human body adapts to the alternation of heat and cold. As a result, air temperatures of 19–22°С are considered comfortable in winter, and 22–25°С in summer.
- Another feature is the diurnal fluctuations in temperature. In a dream, the vital processes slow down somewhat, and the body temperature drops accordingly. But, since a person does not move, that is, heat exchange with air is minimized, then there is no need to maintain an optimal atmosphere for wakefulness. Most heating companies reduce their heating intensity at night.
The minimum possible temperature for living quarters is +18°С. With this value, the average person can long time do without outerwear without damage to health.
Standard Requirements
The heating standards for an apartment, first of all, set the value optimal indicator for residential and non-residential premises and possible deviations from them. Their development is easier than for workers' premises, since the activity of the inhabitants in dwellings is low and stable.
For residential premises, the norm is an air temperature of 20–22 ° С, the permissible one is 18–24 ° С. At the same time, in corner room it should not fall below 20 ° C: such rooms are exposed to strong frost and wind.
- The kitchen is a workspace that often has its own "source" of heat - gas stove. The temperature here is 19–21°C, and it is allowed from 18 to 26°C.
- Toilet - the optimal range is 19–21 ° C, 18–26 ° C is allowed. In any case, the bathroom cannot be the coldest room in the apartment, heating it is required.
- The bathroom is the hottest room, as it is characterized by high humidity. The minimum in the bathroom is 18–24, the maximum is 26 ° C. However, already at 20 ° C, it is uncomfortable to use the bath.
- Non-residential premises - the temperature is calculated from the frequency of use. For the corridor it is 18–20 ° С, but 16 degrees are also allowed. For the pantry - 16–18, but from 12 ° С to 22 ° С is allowed.
Since the need for heat during sleep decreases, GOST allows lowering the temperature of residential premises by 3 degrees in the period from 0 to 5 in the morning. Such a decrease is not a violation of the temperature norm for heating an apartment.
Requirements for heating systems
Heating a multi-storey building is the result of complex engineering calculations, sometimes not very successful. The difficulty is not how to bring heated water to the object, that is, the building, but how to distribute it among the apartments in such a way that required temperature and humidity.
The effectiveness of such a system depends on the coordinated action of all components, including pipes and batteries in each apartment. Therefore, the replacement of radiators without taking into account the peculiarities of heating leads to negative consequences: in one apartment they do not receive heat, and the other overheats.
The norms of heating temperatures in a city apartment help to create efficient heating.
- According to safety requirements, the temperature of the coolant in the batteries of the heating system must be 20 degrees lower than the self-ignition temperature of materials. For residential multi-apartment buildings, the temperature in the heating main is from 65 to 115 ° C, depending on the season.
- If the water is overheated to 105 ° C, measures are taken to prevent it from boiling.
- The normal limit for the temperature of the radiator leaves 75 ° C, if it is higher, then the radiator is fenced.
- In mid-latitudes, the residential heating season lasts from mid-October to mid-April. In fact, heat suppliers are required to start heating after registration average daily temperature outside + 8 ° C for five days in a row.
Temperature violations
Non-compliance with the above norms for heating is considered as the basis for recalculation of payment for the supply of heat. The situation when the inhabitants of apartments of the same area, but in different houses, pay an excellent amount, is not considered a reason, since a variety of factors can be the reason here. For example, varying degrees thermal insulation of buildings.
According to the Rules for the Provision of Public Services, a decrease in temperature compared to that indicated in the norms for each hour reduces the payment by 0.15%. Since the "cooling" as a result of poor heat supply takes not hours, but days, then in the end the amount decreases by a fair amount.
The calculation can be done independently. It should be noted that at night - from 0 to 5, the time indicator can be reduced to 3 degrees.
- The difference between the actual daytime temperature of the premises and the normal one is calculated, for example, 16 ° C at a standard 18 ° C, that is, the difference is 2 degrees.
- The number of hours per month when a low temperature was observed is fixed, for example: 19*20=380 hours.
- Suppose you need to pay 1500 rubles per month. Using a conversion factor equal to 0.0015, an adjustment amount is obtained. In our example, this is 380*2*0.0015*1500=1710 rubles. It is this amount that should be subtracted from the amount of payment.
According to the mentioned document, if there is a difference between the actual and standard temperature of 1-2 degrees in the living room, the owner of the apartment has the right to refuse to pay for heating.
However, it is absolutely necessary to document the violation in this case. temperature regime. For this, representatives of a special service are invited - the housing commission, for example. If the latter refuse to check, the tenant may form an independent commission from the inhabitants of the same building.
It is rather difficult to noticeably affect the operation of heat supply, especially to directly control the operation of the system. However, registering violations in the operation of heating systems and insisting that utilities fulfill their duties is both a right and a duty of residents. Especially when among the inhabitants of the apartment there are elderly people and small children who need a stable sufficient temperature.
However, it should be remembered that violations of the norms when heating an apartment are not grounds for independently altering the heating system and installing large radiators. This is fraught with an imbalance in the heat supply of the entire house and is punishable by a large fine.
