Interesting physical experiments for children. Science show for children for the holiday. Entertaining experiences and experiments at home. Classify information better than James Bond
How to awaken a child's interest in scientific knowledge— for example, to chemistry? It's worth trying a practical approach. The theory is dry and easily forgotten, but knowledge confirmed by a successfully conducted experiment will remain in the mind for a long time.
As a result of the “Adhesives” series of experiments, parents and their children can create a glue stick, learning a lot about chemical properties substances familiar to us. There are no spectacular explosions or sparks, but the experiments are scientifically based and can be easily carried out at home.
Experiment 1
We will need: water, sugar, soda, salt, corn starch, paper.
The experiment will help you understand how glue is made and what exactly gives it such a property as stickiness. To begin, ask the children to remember and think about what products in your kitchen are left behind. sticky marks? There are powdered ingredients in every kitchen, what happens if you dilute them with water? To find out, you have to try! Mix sugar, baking soda, salt, cornstarch or similar with water. Will these solutions be able to glue a couple of sheets of paper together?
Experiment 2
In a previous experiment, we learned that when starch and water are mixed, a sticky substance is formed. Starch is natural raw materials. How do you know where there is starch and where it is not?
So, this experiment uses two samples: positive sample, containing corn starch, and a negative sample containing a substance that appears similar to corn starch (for example, powdered sugar).
Before starting the experiment, encourage children to think about what foods might contain starch. They can test their guesses using the determination method below.
Necessary materials:
- Lugol's solution (iodine solution/potassium iodide solution).
- Disposable pipettes.
- Laboratory test tubes or small glass containers in which you can mix the test substances with Lugol's solution (kitchen utensils, such as shot glasses, are also quite suitable).
- Cornstarch and powdered sugar for control samples.
- Food products containing starch, such as potatoes, pre-soaked wheat grains, corn flour.
- Foods that do not contain starch, such as cucumbers.
Use a spatula to place a small amount of cornstarch into the test tube. Add 2 ml (1/2 teaspoon) water and shake the tube gently. Then add 4 drops of Lugol's solution to the test tube. What happened? In samples containing starch, the solution will take on a characteristic blue color.
Is there starch in your glue stick? Now you can check it out for yourself.
It's time to find out what foods contain starch. Have your child complete the following table:
Experiment 3
So, we learned that potatoes have starch, but cucumbers do not. How can we get it out of there now, from potatoes?
A useful starting point may be to observe that water becomes cloudy if starchy foods are placed in it for several hours. This becomes especially noticeable if rice grains are soaked in water. Turbidity means that some substance has transferred from the product into the water. In order to show this to your child, we recommend preparing a sample in advance - for example, soaking rice in a plate of water.
Necessary materials:
- 3-6 potatoes (depending on size).
- 150 g corn flour.
- Old kitchen towels.
- 4 medium sized plastic cups.
- 1-2 graters.
- 2 porcelain plates or heat-resistant crystallizers.
- Beaker.
- Water.
- Select one of the products (3-6 potatoes or 150 g of corn flour), grate it if necessary (in a plastic or metal cup).
- Add 300 ml of water to the crushed food in the cup and stir with a glass rod.
- Cover the second cup kitchen towel, pour the mixture onto a towel and squeeze out the water (liquid). Collect the liquid in a cup.
- Place the remaining mixture in the first cup, repeat steps 2 and 3 but only use 200ml water. Wait five minutes and carefully drain the water. Leave a white sediment at the bottom of the cup.
- Transfer the sediment to a plate and place it in the oven at 180°C for 20 minutes. After the drying stage, a dense, whitish substance will remain on the plate: starch.
Experiment 4
In the first experiment, we learned that when starch combines with water, a sticky substance is formed. But this substance is not yet suitable for use as glue. To do this, you need to do a few more steps with the resulting mixture.
First, in this experiment, children will learn that when heated with water, starch turns into a jelly-like, sticky paste. Secondly, they will learn what to good glue you need the right consistency.
Ask your child what he thinks should be done with starch to make it more sticky?
Necessary materials:
- Starch obtained in an experiment earlier, or ready-made corn starch (using your own, of course, is much more interesting).
- Stove or oven.
- Thermometer.
To prepare starch paste, mix 1 g (1/4 teaspoon) starch with 5 ml (teaspoon) water and heat at about 80°C until the mixture begins to stick to a stick or spoon. Starch swells when heated. Swelling is caused by the solvent (water) being absorbed by capillarity and then evaporating. Examples from Everyday life can be used to prepare pudding or thick sauces.
So, we have starch paste. Can we start gluing her various surfaces? Almost!
Experiment 5
Hang in there, we're almost done!
What separates us from the real glue? Let's try the following:
- Place the starch paste on the tip of a spatula in a laboratory test tube, add 5 ml of water, and cap the test tube.
- Shake the tube for approximately 30 seconds.
- Repeat the process with the substance from which the glue stick is made.
Tell me, what was the difference? Have you ever had the feeling that the material from which the glue stick is made foamed up just like soap?
Well, let's try to prepare starch paste, but this time with the addition of soap shavings.
Necessary materials:
- Starch obtained during the experiment, or ready-made corn starch.
- A bar of soap, if possible without fragrance.
- 1-2 fireproof glass glasses or pans.
- Stove or oven.
- 1-2 glass rods or spoons for stirring.
- Thermometer.
Grind up about a quarter of a bar of soap using a potato grater.
In a 150 ml glass, thoroughly dissolve 1 g (1/4 teaspoon) of grated soap in 14 ml (teaspoon) water; the result should be soap foam.
Add 4 g (teaspoon) of starch to the soap solution and mix thoroughly using a glass rod.
Heat the mixture on a hotplate to 80°C, stirring occasionally with a glass rod.
What did you get? Is it possible to somehow change the properties of the resulting mass?
Repeat steps two through four using 2g (1/2 teaspoon), 3g (3/4 teaspoon) and 4g (teaspoon) soap.
By varying the amount of soap, you can prepare glue of absolutely any consistency.
So we just made a real glue stick. Little experimenters will be able to carry out the rest of their experiments in free classes at the Henkel World of Explorers. You can find out about the place and time of classes, as well as register your child for them, on the program website.
Discussion
My 8-year-old daughter and I conducted an experiment" lava lamp", there was so much delight, words cannot express it. Children are open and love to learn new things.
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Olga Guzhova
Experiments for children preparatory group in kindergarten
IN preparatory group conducting experiments should become the norm; they should be considered not as entertainment, but as a way of learning children with the outside world and most effective way development of thought processes. Experiments allow you to combine all types of activities and all aspects of education, develop observation and inquisitiveness of the mind, develop the desire to understand the world, all cognitive abilities, the ability to invent, use non-standard solutions in difficult situations, and create a creative personality.
Some important tips:
1. Conduct experiments better in the morning when the child is full of strength and energy;
2. It is important for us not only to teach, but also interest the child, make him want to gain knowledge and create new ones himself experiments.
3. Explain to your child that you cannot taste unknown substances, no matter how beautiful and appetizing they look;
4. Don't just show it to your child. interesting experience , but also explain in a language accessible to him why this is happening;
5. Do not ignore your child’s questions - look for answers to them in books, reference books, Internet;
6. Where there is no danger, give the child more independence;
7. Invite your child to show his favorites experiments for friends;
8. And most importantly: Rejoice at your child’s successes, praise him and encourage his desire to learn. Only positive emotions can instill a love for new knowledge.
Experience No. 1. "Vanishing Chalk"
For spectacular experience We will need a small piece of chalk. Dip chalk into a glass of vinegar and see what happens. The chalk in the glass will begin to hiss, bubble, decrease in size and soon disappear completely.
Chalk is limestone; when it comes into contact with acetic acid, it turns into other substances, one of which is carbon dioxide, which is rapidly released in the form of bubbles.
Experience No. 2. "Erupting Volcano"
Necessary equipment:
Volcano:
Make a cone from plasticine (you can take plasticine that has already been used once)
Soda, 2 tbsp. spoons
Lava:
1. Vinegar 1/3 cup
2. Red paint, drop
3. A drop of liquid detergent to make the volcano foam better;
Experience No. 3. "Lava - lamp"
Needed: Salt, water, glass vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large clear glass.
Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.
Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make experience more visual and spectacular.
Experience No. 4. "Rain Clouds"
Kids will love this simple activity that explains to them how it rains. (schematically, of course): Water first accumulates in the clouds and then spills onto the ground. This " experience"can be carried out both in a science lesson and in kindergarten in senior group and at home with children of all ages - it captivates everyone, and the children ask to repeat it again and again. So, stock up on shaving foam.
Fill the jar with water about 2/3 full. Squeeze the foam directly on top of the water until it looks like a cumulus cloud. Now pipette onto the foam (or better yet, entrust this to a child) colored water. And now all that remains is to watch how the colored water passes through the cloud and continues its journey to the bottom of the jar.
Experience No. 5. "Red Head Chemistry"
Place finely chopped cabbage in a glass and pour boiling water over it for 5 minutes. Strain the cabbage infusion through a cloth.
Pour into the other three glasses cold water. Add a little vinegar to one glass, a little soda to the other. Add the cabbage solution to a glass with vinegar - the water will turn red, add it to a glass of soda - the water will turn blue. Add the solution to a glass with clean water– the water will remain dark blue.
Experience No. 6. "Blow up the balloon"
Pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.
2. In a separate glass, mix lemon juice with vinegar and pour into a bottle.
3. Quickly place the ball onto the neck of the bottle, securing it with electrical tape. The ball will inflate. Baking soda and lemon juice mixed with vinegar react to release carbon dioxide, which inflates the balloon.
Experience No. 7. "Colored milk"
Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.
Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of different food colors. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.
Explanation: The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and causes them to move. That's why for experience Skim milk is not suitable.
Faktrum publishes 8 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.
1. Lava lamp
Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large transparent glass or glass jar.
Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 full with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.
Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.
2. Personal rainbow
Needed: A container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.
Experience: Pour water into the container and place a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of the flashlight onto the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on the paper on which a rainbow should appear.
Explanation: A ray of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it breaks down into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.
3. Vulcan
Needed: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.
Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle from clay or sand - for the surroundings. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and finally pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.
Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins, releasing water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles push the contents out.
4. Growing crystals
Needed: Salt, water, wire.
Experience: To obtain crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which the salt does not dissolve when adding a new portion. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Next, you can lower a wire with a small loop at the end into the solution. Place the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. In a few days, beautiful salt crystals will grow on the wire. If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.
Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.
5. Dancing coin
Needed: Bottle, coin to cover the neck of the bottle, water.
Experience: Place the empty, unclosed bottle in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle removed from the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.
Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, but has now heated up and begun to expand.
6. Colored milk
Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.
Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of coloring. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.
Explanation: The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for the experiment.
7. Fireproof bill
Needed: Ten-ruble bill, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (½ part alcohol to ½ part water).
Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution until it is completely saturated. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and let it drain excess liquid. Set the bill on fire and watch it burn without getting burned.
Explanation: As a result of combustion ethyl alcohol water, carbon dioxide and heat (energy) are formed. When you set fire to a bill, the alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not sufficient to evaporate the water with which the paper bill is soaked. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.
8. Walk on Eggs
Needed: two dozen eggs in cells, a garbage bag, a bucket of water, soap and good friends.
Experience: Place a garbage bag on the floor and place two boxes of eggs on it. Check the eggs in the cartons and replace if you notice a cracked egg. Also check that all the eggs are oriented in the same direction - either with the sharp ends up or with the blunt ends. If you place your foot correctly, distributing your weight evenly, you can stand or walk on eggshells barefoot. If you don’t want the extreme of careless movement, you can put a thin board or tile on top of the eggs. Then nothing will interfere.
Explanation: Everyone knows that an egg is easy to break, but the shell of eggs is very strong and can withstand a lot of weight. The “architecture” of the egg is such that with uniform pressure, the stress is distributed throughout the shell and prevents it from breaking.
Home experiments for 4-year-old children require imagination and knowledge of the simple laws of chemistry and physics. “If these sciences were not taught very well at school, you will have to make up for lost time,” many parents will think. This is not so, experiments can be very simple, not requiring special knowledge, skills and reagents, but at the same time explaining the fundamental laws of nature.
Experiments for children at home will help to practical example explain the properties of substances and the laws of their interaction, will awaken interest in independent exploration of the world around us. Interesting physical experiments will teach children to be observant and help them think logically, establishing patterns between ongoing events and their consequences. Perhaps the kids will not become great chemists, physicists or mathematicians, but they will forever retain warm memories of parental attention in their souls.
From this article you will learn
Unfamiliar paper
Kids like to make appliqués out of paper and draw pictures. Some 4-year-old children learn the art of origami with their parents. Everyone knows that paper is soft or thick, white or colored. What can an ordinary person do? White list paper, if you experiment with it?
An animated paper flower
Cut out a star from a sheet of paper. Its rays bend inward in the shape of a flower. Fill a cup with water and lower the star onto the surface of the water. After some time, the paper flower, as if alive, will begin to open. The water will wet the cellulose fibers that make up the paper and spread them out.
Strong bridge
This paper experiment will be interesting for children 3 years old. Ask the kids how to put it in the middle thin sheet paper between two glasses of an apple so that it does not fall. How can you make a paper bridge strong enough to support the weight of an apple? We fold a sheet of paper into an accordion shape and place it on the supports. Now it can support the weight of the apple. This can be explained by the fact that the shape of the structure has changed, which made the paper quite strong. The properties of materials that become stronger depending on their shape are the basis for the designs of many architectural creations, for example, the Eiffel Tower.
An animated snake
Scientific evidence of movement warm air can be brought up using simple experience. A snake is cut out of paper by cutting a circle in a spiral. You can revive a paper snake very simply. A small hole is made in her head and suspended by a thread above a heat source (battery, heater, burning candle). The snake will begin to rotate quickly. The reason for this phenomenon is the upward warm flow of air, which unwinds the paper snake. This is exactly how you can make paper birds or butterflies, beautiful and colorful, by hanging them under the ceiling in your apartment. They will rotate from the movement of air, as if flying.
Who is stronger
This fun experiment will help you determine which paper shape is stronger. For the experiment you will need three sheets of office paper, glue and several thin books. A cylindrical column is glued from one sheet of paper, a triangular column from another, and a rectangular column from the third. They place the “columns” vertically and test them for strength, carefully placing books on top. As a result of the experiment, it turns out that the triangular column is the weakest, and the cylindrical column is the strongest - it will withstand heaviest weight. It is not for nothing that columns in churches and buildings are made in a cylindrical shape; the load on them is distributed evenly over the entire area.
Amazing salt
Regular salt is found in every home today; not a single meal can be prepared without it. You can try making beautiful children's crafts from this affordable product. All you need is salt, water, wire and a little patience.
Salt has interesting properties. It can attract water to itself, dissolving in it, thereby increasing the density of the solution. But in a supersaturated solution, the salt again turns into crystals.
To conduct an experiment with salt, bend a beautiful symmetrical snowflake or other figure from a wire. In a jar with warm water dissolve the salt until it stops dissolving. Dip a bent wire into a jar and place it in the shade for several days. As a result, the wire will become overgrown with salt crystals, and will look like a beautiful ice snowflake that will not melt.
Water and ice
Water exists in three states of aggregation: steam, liquid and ice. The purpose of this experiment is to introduce children to the properties of water and ice and compare them.
Pour water into 4 ice trays and place them in the freezer. To make it more interesting, you can tint the water with different dyes before freezing. Pour cold water into a cup and throw two ice cubes into it. Simple ice boats or icebergs will float on the surface of the water. This experiment will prove that ice is lighter than water.
While the boats are floating, the remaining ice cubes are sprinkled with salt. They'll see what happens. Through a short time, before the indoor float in the cup has time to sink (if the water is quite cold), the cubes sprinkled with salt will begin to crumble. This is explained by the fact that the freezing point of salt water is lower than normal water.
Fire that doesn't burn
In ancient times, when Egypt was a powerful country, Moses fled from the wrath of Pharaoh and tended flocks in the desert. One day he saw a strange bush that was burning and did not burn. It was a special fire. Can objects that are engulfed in ordinary flame remain safe and sound? Yes, this is possible, this can be proven through experience.
For the experiment you will need a sheet of paper or a banknote. A tablespoon of alcohol and two tablespoons of water. The paper is moistened with water so that the water is absorbed into it, alcohol is poured on top and set on fire. Fire appears. This is burning alcohol. When the fire goes out, the paper will remain intact. The experimental result can be explained very simply - the combustion temperature of alcohol, as a rule, is not enough to evaporate the moisture with which the paper is impregnated.
Natural indicators
If your child wants to feel like a real chemist, you can make special paper for him that will change color depending on the acidity of the environment.
The natural indicator is prepared from the juice of red cabbage, which contains anthocyanin. This substance changes color depending on what liquid it comes into contact with. In an acidic solution, paper soaked in anthocyanin will turn red. yellow, in a neutral solution it will turn green, and in an alkaline solution it will turn blue.
To prepare a natural indicator, take filter paper, a head of red cabbage, cheesecloth and scissors. Chop the cabbage thinly and squeeze the juice through cheesecloth, squeezing it with your hands. Soak a sheet of paper in juice and dry. Then cut the made indicator into strips. The child can dip the paper into four different liquids: milk, juice, tea or soap solution, and watch how the color of the indicator changes.
Electrification by friction
In ancient times, people noticed the special ability of amber to attract light objects if rubbed with a woolen cloth. They did not yet have knowledge about electricity, so they explained this property by the spirit living in the stone. Exactly from Greek name amber - electron and the word electricity originated.
Such amazing properties not only amber has. You can conduct a simple experiment to see how a glass rod or plastic comb attracts small pieces of paper. To do this, rub the glass with silk and the plastic with wool. They will begin to attract small pieces of paper that will stick to them. Over time, this ability of items will disappear.
You can discuss with children that this phenomenon occurs due to electrification by friction. If fabric rubs quickly against an object, sparks may occur. Lightning in the sky and thunder are also a consequence of friction of air currents and the occurrence of electrical discharges in the atmosphere.
Solutions of different densities - interesting details
You can get a multi-colored rainbow in a glass from liquids of different colors by preparing jelly and pouring it layer by layer. But there is a simpler way, although not as tasty.
To carry out the experiment you will need sugar and vegetable oil. plain water and dyes. Concentrated sweet syrup is prepared from sugar, and clean water painted with dye. Sugar syrup is poured into a glass, then clean water is poured carefully along the wall of the glass so that the liquids do not mix, and vegetable oil is added at the end. The sugar syrup should be cold and the colored water should be warm. All liquids will remain in the glass like a small rainbow, without mixing with each other. The thickest sugar syrup will be at the bottom, the water will be at the top, and the lightest oil will be on top of the water.
Color explosion
Another interesting experiment can be done using different densities vegetable oil and water, creating a color explosion in the jar. For the experiment you will need a jar of water, a few tablespoons of vegetable oil, and food coloring. In a small container, mix several dry food colors with two tablespoons of vegetable oil. Dry grains of dyes do not dissolve in oil. Now the oil is poured into a jar of water. Heavy grains of dye will settle to the bottom, gradually freeing themselves from the oil, which will remain on the surface of the water, forming colored swirls, as if from an explosion.
Home volcano
Useful geographic knowledge may not be so boring for a four-year-old if you provide a visual demonstration of a volcano erupting on an island. To carry out the experiment you will need baking soda, vinegar, 50 ml of water and the same amount of detergent.
Small plastic cup A chick or bottle is placed in the mouth of a volcano, sculpted from colored plasticine. But first they pour it into the glass baking soda, pour water tinted red and detergent. When the improvised volcano is ready, a little vinegar is poured into its mouth. A rapid foaming process begins due to the fact that soda and vinegar react. “Lava” formed by red foam begins to pour out of the volcano’s mouth.
Experiments for 4-year-old children, as you have seen, do not require complex reagents. But they are no less fascinating, especially with an interesting story about the reason for what is happening.
Every child has a desire to learn the world. An excellent tool for this is experiments. They will be of interest to both preschoolers and children of primary school age.
Safety rules for conducting home experiments
1. Cover the work surface with paper or polyethylene.
2. During the experiment, do not lean close to avoid damage to the eyes and skin.
3. If necessary, use gloves.
Experience No. 1. Raisin and Corn Dance
You will need: Raisins, corn kernels, soda, plastic bottle.
Procedure: Soda is poured into a bottle. The raisins are dropped first, then the corn kernels.
Result: The raisins move up and down along with the sparkling water bubbles. But upon reaching the surface, the bubbles burst and the grains fall to the bottom.
Shall we talk? You can talk about what bubbles are and why they rise. Please note that the bubbles are small in size and can carry with them raisins and corn, which are several times larger.
Experience No. 2. Soft glass
You will need: glass rod, gas burner
Progress of the experiment: the rod heats up in the middle. Then it breaks into two halves. Half of the rod is heated by a burner in two places and carefully bent into the shape of a triangle. The second half is also heated, one third is bent, then the finished triangle is put on it and the half is bent completely.
Result: the glass rod turned into two triangles interlocking with each other.
Shall we talk? As a result of thermal exposure, solid glass becomes plastic and viscous. And you can make different shapes from it. What causes glass to become soft? Why does glass no longer bend after cooling?
Experience No. 3. Water rises up the napkin
You will need: plastic cup, napkin, water, markers
Procedure of the experiment: the glass is filled 1/3 with water. The napkin is folded vertically several times to form a narrow rectangle. Then a piece about 5 cm wide is cut from it. This piece must be unrolled to create a long piece. Then step back from the bottom edge about 5-7 cm and start making large dots with each color of the felt-tip pen. A line of colored dots should form.
Then the napkin is placed in a glass of water so that the lower end with the colored line is approximately 1.5 cm in the water.
Result: the water quickly rises up the napkin, covering the entire long piece of napkin with colored stripes.
Shall we talk? Why is water not colorless? How does she rise up? The cellulose fibers that make up tissue paper are porous, and water uses them as a pathway to the top.
Did you like the experience? Then you will also like our special material for children of different ages.
Experience No. 4. Rainbow from water
You will need: a container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.
Procedure of the experiment: a mirror is placed at the bottom of the container. The flashlight shines on the mirror. The light from it must be caught on paper.
Result: a rainbow will be visible on the paper.
Shall we talk? Light is the source of color. There are no paints or markers to color the water, a leaf or a flashlight, but suddenly a rainbow appears. This is a spectrum of colors. What colors do you know?
Experience No. 5. Sweet and colorful
You will need: sugar, multi-colored food colors, 5 glass glasses, a tablespoon.
Progress of the experiment: a different number of spoons of sugar is added to each glass. The first glass contains one spoon, the second – two, and so on. The fifth glass remains empty. 3 tablespoons of water are poured into glasses placed in order and mixed. Then a few drops of one paint are added to each glass and mixed. The first one is red, the second one is yellow, the third one is green, and the fourth one is blue. In a clean glass with clear water We begin to add the contents of the glasses, starting with red, then yellow and in order. It should be added very carefully.
Result: 4 multi-colored layers are formed in the glass.
Shall we talk? Large quantity sugar increases the density of water. Therefore, this layer will be the lowest in the glass. Red liquid has the least amount of sugar, so it will end up at the top.
Experience No. 6. Gelatin figures
You will need: a glass, a blotter, 10 grams of gelatin, water, animal molds, a plastic bag.
Procedure: pour gelatin into 1/4 cup of water and let it swell. Heat it in a water bath and dissolve it (about 50 degrees). Pour the resulting solution onto the bag in an even thin layer and dry. Then cut out animal figures. Place on a blotter or napkin and breathe on the figures.
Result: The figures will begin to bend.
Shall we talk? Breath moistens the gelatin on one side, and because of this, it begins to increase in volume and bend. Alternatively: take 4-5 grams of gelatin, let it swell and then dissolve, then pour it onto the glass and put it in freezer or take it out onto the balcony in winter. After a few days, remove the glass and remove the thawed gelatin. It will have a clear pattern of ice crystals.
Experience No. 7. Egg with hairstyle
You will need: an egg shell with a conical part, cotton wool, markers, water, alfalfa seeds, an empty toilet paper roll.
Procedure of the experiment: the shell is installed in the coil so that the conical part is located down. Cotton wool is placed inside, onto which alfalfa seeds are sprinkled and watered generously. You can draw eyes, nose and mouth on the shell and place it on the sunny side.
Result: after 3 days the little man will have “hairs”.
Shall we talk? Soil is not required for grass to sprout. Sometimes even water is enough for sprouts to appear.
Experience No. 8. Draws the sun
You will need: flat small objects (you can cut out figures from foam rubber), a sheet of black paper.
Procedure for the experiment: Place black paper in a place where the sun shines brightly. Place stencils, figures, and children’s molds loosely on sheets.
Result: When the sun sets, you can remove objects and see the prints of the sun.
Shall we talk? Under influence sun rays the black color fades. Why did the paper remain dark where the figures were?
Experience No. 10. Color in milk
You will need: milk, food coloring, cotton swab, dishwashing detergent.
Procedure of the experiment: a little food coloring is poured into the milk. After a short wait, the milk begins to move. The results are patterns, stripes, twisted lines. You can add another color, blow on the milk. Then a cotton swab is dipped in dishwashing liquid and placed in the center of the plate. The dyes begin to move more intensely, mix, forming circles.
Result: various patterns, spirals, circles, spots are formed in the plate.
Shall we talk? Milk is made up of fat molecules. When the product appears, the molecules are broken, which leads to their rapid movement. That's why the dyes are mixed.
Experience No. 10. Waves in a bottle
You will need: sunflower oil, water, bottle, food coloring.
Procedure of the experiment: water is poured into the bottle (a little more than half) and mixed with the dye. Then add ¼ cup of vegetable oil. The bottle is carefully twisted and placed on its side so that the oil rises to the surface. We begin to swing the bottle back and forth, thereby forming waves.
Result: waves form on the oily surface, like on the sea.
Shall we talk? The density of oil is less than the density of water. Therefore it is on the surface. Waves are upper layer water moving due to the direction of the wind. The lower layers of water remain motionless.
Experience No. 11. Colored drops
You will need: a container of water, mixing containers, BF glue, toothpicks, acrylic paints.
Procedure of the experiment: BF glue is squeezed into containers. A specific dye is added to each container. And then they are placed in water one by one.
Result: Colored drops are attracted to each other, forming multi-colored islands.
Shall we talk? Liquids with the same density attract, and liquids with different densities repel.
Experiment No. 12. Drawing with a magnet
You will need: magnets different forms, iron filings, sheet of paper, paper cup.
Procedure of the experiment: place sawdust in a glass. Place the magnets on the table and cover each with a sheet of paper. A thin layer of sawdust is poured onto the paper.
Result: Lines and patterns form around the magnets.
Shall we talk? Every magnet has a magnetic field. This is the space in which metal objects move as the magnet's attraction dictates. A circle is formed near a round magnet, since its field of attraction is the same everywhere. Why does a rectangular magnet have a different sawdust pattern?
Experiment No. 13. Lava lamp
You will need: Two wine glasses, two tablets of effervescent aspirin, sunflower oil, two types of juice.
Progress of the experiment: the glasses are filled with juice approximately 2/3. Then sunflower oil is added so that three centimeters remain to the edge of the glass. An aspirin tablet is thrown into each glass.
Result: the contents of the glasses will begin to hiss, bubble, and foam will rise.
Shall we talk? What reaction does aspirin cause? Why? Do the layers of juice and oil mix? Why?
Experiment No. 14. The box is rolling
You will need: a shoe box, a ruler, 10 round markers, scissors, a ruler, a balloon.
Procedure: a square hole is cut in the smaller side of the box. The ball is placed in the box so that its hole can be slightly pulled out of the square. You need to inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. Then put all the markers under the box and release the ball.
Result: While the ball is deflating, the box will move. When all the air is out, the box will move a little more and stop.
Shall we talk? Objects change their state of rest or, as in our case, uniform motion in a straight line if a force begins to act on them. And the desire to maintain the previous state, before the impact of force, is inertia. What role does the ball play? What force prevents the box from moving further? (friction force)
Experiment No. 15. false mirror
You will need: a mirror, a pencil, four books, paper.
Progress of the experiment: books are stacked and a mirror is leaned against them. Paper is placed under its edge. Left hand placed in front of a sheet of paper. The chin is placed on the hand so that you can only look in the mirror, but not at the sheet. Looking in the mirror, write your name on the paper. Now look at the paper.
Result: almost all letters are upside down, except for symmetrical ones.
Shall we talk? The mirror changes the image. That's why they say "in a mirror image." So you can come up with your own, unusual cipher.
Experiment No. 16. Living mirror
You will need: a straight transparent glass, a small mirror, tape
Procedure of the experiment: the glass is attached to the mirror with tape. Water is poured into it to the brim. You need to bring your face closer to the glass.
Result: The image is reduced in size. By tilting your head to the right, you can see in the mirror how it tilts to the left.
Shall we talk? Water refracts the image, but the mirror distorts it slightly.
Experiment No. 17. Flame imprint
You will need: can, candle, sheet of paper.
Procedure for the experiment: wrap the jar tightly with a piece of paper and keep it in the candle flame for several seconds.
Result: removing a sheet of paper, you can see an imprint on it in the form of a candle flame.
Shall we talk? The paper is pressed tightly to the can and does not have access to oxygen, which means it does not burn.
Experiment No. 18. Silver egg
You will need: wire, a container of water, matches, a candle, a boiled egg.
Progress of the experiment: a stand is created from wire. Boiled egg cleaned, placed on a wire, and a candle placed under it. The egg is turned evenly until smoked. Then it is removed from the wire and lowered into the water.
Result: After some time, the top layer clears and the egg turns silver.
Shall we talk? What changed the color of the egg? What has it become? Let's cut it open and see what it's like inside.
Experiment No. 19. Saving spoon
You will need: A teaspoon, a glass mug with a handle, twine.
Procedure for the experiment: one end of the string is tied to a spoon, the other end to the handle of a mug. The twine is thrown over forefinger so that there is a spoon on one side, a mug on the other, and let go.
Result: The glass will not fall, the spoon, having risen to the top, will remain near the finger.
Shall we talk? The inertia of the teaspoon saves the mug from falling.
Experience No. 20. Painted flowers
You will need: flowers with white petals, water containers, a knife, water, food coloring.
Procedure of the experiment: containers need to be filled with water and a certain dye must be added to each. One flower needs to be put aside, and the stems of the rest should be trimmed. sharp knife. This must be done in warm water, obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees, by 2 cm. When moving flowers into containers with dyes, you need to hold the cut with your finger to prevent the formation of air jams. Having placed the flowers in containers with dyes, you need to take the set aside flowers. Cut its stem lengthwise into two parts to the center. Place one part of the stem in a red container, and the second in a blue or green container.
Result: water will rise up the stems and color the petals different colors. This will happen in about a day.
Shall we talk? Examine each part of the flower to see how the water rose. Are the stem and leaves painted? How long will the color last?
We wish you an exciting pastime and new knowledge while conducting experiments for children!
The experiments were collected by Tamara Gerasimovich
