Coloring a flower in different colors is an experience. Experiment - how to color flowers. Is heat released during respiration of seeds?
CARD OF EXPERIENCES FOR CHILDREN OF THE OLDER PRESCHOOL AGE WITH PLANTS
Experiences in kindergarten with plants
Experience (observation) No. 1
"Plant growth in different conditions»
Purpose: to identify which of the samples will develop better.
Equipment: two identical plants (gel filler, earth, two glass containers.
The content of the experiment: one plant was planted in the soil (sample No. 1, and the other in a helium filler enriched with the necessary substances for plant growth (sample No. 2).
Date of laying the experience: 02/06/2016
After 7 days, the plant (sample No. 1) has hard leaves, and the plant (sample No. 2, the leaves withered, and after 10 days (sample No. 2 died)
Conclusion: the plant grows better in the ground than in the helium filler, since there are more nutrients in the ground, and they ended in the helium filler in a week.
Experience (observation) No. 2
"WITH WATER AND WITHOUT WATER"
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors external environment necessary for growth and development
plants (water, light, heat)
MATERIAL: Two identical plants (balsam, water
MOVE: The teacher suggests finding out why plants cannot live without water (the plant will wither, the leaves will dry out, there is water in the leaves); what will happen if one plant is watered and the other is not (without watering, the plant will dry out, turn yellow, the leaves and stem will lose their elasticity). Observe the condition of the plants for five days.
At the beginning of the experiment (observations)
After 5 days, in a flower that was watered, the leaves and stems are elastic, and in a plant without water: the leaves and stem lost their elasticity, turned yellow.
Conclusion: a plant cannot live without water.
Experience (observation) No. 3
"IN THE LIGHT AND IN THE DARKNESS"
PURPOSE: To determine the environmental factors necessary for the growth and development of plants.
MATERIAL: stalk of a houseplant in a pot, cardboard cap.
HOD: The teacher suggests finding out if light is needed for plant life. Close the pot with the cuttings of the plant with a cardboard cap. Remove the cap after seven days.
After seven days, the leaves of the plant turned white.
Conclusion: a plant cannot live without light.
Experience (observation) No. 4
CAN A PLANT BREATH? »
PURPOSE: To identify the plant's need for air, respiration. Understand how the process of respiration occurs in a plant.
MATERIAL: Indoor plant, tubules for a cocktail, vaseline.
HOD: The teacher asks if plants breathe, how to prove that they breathe. Children determine, based on knowledge about the process of breathing in humans, that when breathing, air must enter the plant and leave it. Inhale and exhale through the tube. Then the opening of the tube is covered with petroleum jelly. Children try to breathe through a tube and conclude that the Vaseline does not allow air to pass through. It is hypothesized that plants have very small holes in their leaves through which they breathe. To check this, lubricate one or both sides of the leaf with petroleum jelly, observe the leaves daily for a week.
After seven days, the leaf turned yellow.
Conclusion: plants need air, respiration.
EVAPORATION OF WATER BY PLANTS.
PURPOSE: To introduce children to how a plant loses moisture through evaporation.
MATERIALS: potted plant, plastic bag, adhesive tape.
PROCESS:
Place the bag on the part of the plant and securely attach it to the stem with duct tape.
Put the plant for 3-4 hours in the sun.
See what the bag looks like from the inside.
RESULTS: Water droplets are visible on the inner surface of the bag and it seems that the bag is filled with fog.
WHY? The plant absorbs water from the soil through its roots. Water travels along the stems, from where it evaporates through the stomata. Some trees evaporate up to 7 tons of water per day. When there are a lot of them, plants have a great influence on the temperature and humidity of the air. The loss of moisture by a plant through stomata is called transpiration.
THE PLANT NEEDS LIGHT
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: To lead the children to the conclusion about the need for light for plants. Find out why green plants growing in the ocean do not live deeper than a hundred meters.
MATERIALS: Two small identical green plants in pots, dark cabinet.
PROCESS: Place one plant in the sun and hide the other in a cupboard.
Leave the plants for a week.
Compare then their color.
Swap plants.
Leave the plants also for a week.
Compare plants again.
RESULTS: The plant in the closet became paler in color and withered, and the plant in the sun is green as before. When the plants were reversed, the yellowed plant began to turn green, and the first plant became pale and withered.
WHY? In order for a plant to turn green, it needs a green substance, chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis. Plants need light for photosynthesis to occur. When there is no sun, the supply of chlorophyll molecules is depleted and not replenished. Because of this, the plant turns pale and sooner or later dies. Green algae live at depths of up to 100 meters. The closer to the surface, where the most sunlight the more abundant they are. At a depth of less than a hundred meters, light does not pass, so green algae do not grow there.
WHAT ARE THE ROOTS OF TUNDRA PLANTS?
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Learn to understand the relationship between the structure of the roots and the characteristics of the soil in the tundra.
MATERIALS: Sprouted beans, damp cloth, thermometer, cotton wool, transparent high capacity.
PROCESS:
Name the features of the soil in the tundra (permafrost).
Find out what roots should be so that plants can live in permafrost.
Place wet cotton wool in a transparent tall container.
Place the sprouted beans on a thick, damp layer of cotton wool.
Cover with a damp cloth and place on a cold windowsill.
Observe during the week the growth of the roots, their direction.
RESULTS: The roots began to grow to the sides, parallel to the bottom of the container.
WHY? The earth in the tundra thaws only at the surface, and then it is frozen and hard. Therefore, roots grow only in thawed and warm earth above the permafrost, and in the permafrost there is nothing alive
AIR ROOTS.
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: To reveal the relationship high humidity air with the advent aerial roots in plants.
MATERIALS: Scindapsus, a transparent container with a tight lid and water at the bottom, a wire rack.
PROCESS:
Find out why there are plants with aerial roots in the jungle (there is little water in the soil in the jungle, the roots can take it from the air).
Consider with children aerial roots monsters.
Consider the plant scindapsus, find the buds - future roots
Place the plant in a container of water on a wire rack.
Close tightly with a lid.
Watch for a month for the appearance of "fog", and then drops on the lid inside the container (like in the jungle).
The aerial roots that have appeared are considered and compared with monstera and other plants.
RESULTS: This suggests that the plant is adapted to take water from the air, although we did not water it. And then you need to put this plant in the room like other plants. The plant lives as before, but the roots on the plant have dried up.
WHY? In the jungle, there is very little moisture in the soil, but a lot of it in the air. Plants have adapted to take it from the air with the help of aerial roots. Where the air is dry, they take moisture from the ground.
THE PLANT WANTS TO DRINK
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: To identify the environmental factors necessary for the growth and development of plants. Lead the children to the conclusion that plants need water.
MATERIALS: Two balsam flowers, a watering can.
PROCESS:
Find out from children whether plants need water.
Put two balsams in the sun
Water one plant and not the other.
Observe the plants and draw a conclusion.
Water this plant and watch for another week.
RESULTS: The flower that was watered stands with leaves, green and elastic. The plant, which was not watered, withered, the leaves turned yellow, lost their elasticity, sank to the bottom.
WHY? The plant cannot live without water and may die.
Experience (observation) No. 5
“What then? ".
Target. To systematize knowledge about the development cycles of all plants.
Materials. Outdoor flower seeds (marigolds, plant care items.
Process. The teacher offers a riddle letter with seeds, finds out what the seeds turn into. A plant is grown for a month, fixing all the changes as they develop. Compare their sketches general scheme for all plants using symbols, reflecting the main stages of plant development.
Outcome: Seeds - sprout - mature plant- flower.
WHAT THE PLANT EXTRACTS
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: To establish that the plant releases oxygen. Understand the need for respiration for plants.
MATERIALS: A large glass container with an airtight lid, a cutting in water or a small pot with a plant, a splinter, a match.
PROCESS:
Find out why it is so easy to breathe in the forest (the assumption that plants release oxygen for human respiration).
Place a pot with a plant (or cuttings) in a container.
They put it in a warm place (if the plant gives oxygen in the jar, it will become more).
After 1-2 days, check with the children whether oxygen has accumulated in the jar
Check with a lit torch.
RESULTS: Watch for a bright flash of a torch in the container immediately after removing the lid.
WHY? Plants give off oxygen, which burns well. We can say that plants are needed by humans and animals for respiration.
UP OR DOWN
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: To reveal how gravity affects the growth of plants.
MATERIALS: Indoor plant, stand.
PROCESS:
Put the flower with the pot on its side on the stand
During the week, observe the position of the stem and leaves
RESULTS: Stems and leaves turn to the top.
WHY? The plant contains a growth substance - auxin - which stimulates plant growth. Due to gravity, auxin is concentrated at the bottom of the stem. This part grows faster, the stem stretches up.
WHERE IS BETTER TO GROW?
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT, To establish the need for soil for plant life, the influence of soil quality on the growth and development of plants, to highlight soils that are different in composition.
MATERIALS:
Tradescantia cuttings, black soil, clay, sand.
PROCESS:
Together with the children, choose the soil for planting.
Children plant Tradescantia cuttings in different soil.
Observe the growth of cuttings with the same care for them for two weeks.
They make a conclusion.
The cuttings are transplanted from clay into black soil and observed for two weeks.
RESULTS: The plant does not grow in clay, but in black soil the plant is fine. When transplanted into chernozem, the plant has good growth. In the sand, the plant grows well at first, then lags behind in growth.
WHY? In the black soil, the plant grows well, because there are a lot of nutrients. The soil conducts moisture and air well, it is loose. In the sand, the plant first grows because there is a lot of moisture in it for the formation of roots. But sand contains few nutrients so necessary for plant growth. Clay is very hard in quality, water passes very poorly into it, there is no air and nutrients in it.
Literature:
1. Janice Van Cleve. Two hundred experiments, biology.-M.: 1995
2. Dybina O.V. Unknown nearby: Entertaining experiences
Experimentwith coloring in different colors . Having made this experiment, we can conclude about the movement of water in plants. The kids will love this experiment.
For this experiment we need:
White flowers (roses, carnations),
- food coloring in different colors
- knife.
We act in this way:
1. Fill the containers (where we will put the flowers) with water.
2. Add food coloring of the same color to each of them.
3. Set aside one flower, and cut the stems of the rest of the flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only sharp knife. The stem should be cut obliquely by 2 centimeters at an angle of 45 degrees in warm water. When moving flowers from water to containers with dyes, try to do it as quickly as possible, holding the cut with your finger, because. upon contact with air in the micropores of the stem, air locks that prevent water from passing freely along the stem.
4. Place one flower in each dye container.
5. Now take the flower you have set aside. Cut (split) its stem lengthwise from the center into two parts. Repeat with it the procedure described in point 3. After that, mark one part of the stem in a container with a dye, for example, blue, and the other part of the stem in a container with a dye of another color (for example, red).
6. Wait until the colored water rises up the stems of the plants and colors their petals in different colors. This will happen in about 24 hours. At the end of the experiment, don't forget to examine every part of the flower (stem, leaves, petals) to see the path of the water.
Experience Explanation:
Water enters the plant from the soil through the root hairs and young parts of the roots and is carried through the vessels throughout its aerial part. With moving water, minerals absorbed by the root are carried throughout the plant. The flowers that we use in the experiment are devoid of roots. However, the plant does not lose the ability to absorb water. This is possible due to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the sucking force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved minerals and organic compounds from the root system to the above-ground organs of the plant.
Plants have two types of vessels. Vessels-tubules, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from bottom to top - from the roots to the leaves. The nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis travel from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is at its center. Such a system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The structure of this system is similar in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower. 
Outside the window, Spring is capricious, unpredictable, but beautiful and tender. I love spring very much and I am ready to talk about it for hours. But today is not about that. Today we will talk about fun experiences for kids. In particular, about experiments with color, their mixing and amazing properties.
I express my deep gratitude to Lisa Arya. After all, our experiments began, thanks to her ideas. And I strongly recommend that you repeat everything at home!
Fun color experiences for kids
So, the first experiment was a fascinating experience that showed how different colors are formed when three primary colors are mixed: red, yellow and blue.
Dye Bridges
For this experience we needed:
- liquid dye - yellow, red and blue
- three containers
- disposable handkerchiefs
Dilute the paint in three bowls. We place the bowls in a circle, alternating bowls with paint with empty bowls. We connect the bowls with paper ribbons (I cut paper handkerchiefs into strips) and leave our building for a while, not forgetting to photograph what was at the beginning.
We set up an experiment in the evening, and before going to bed, Arseniy called me every 10 minutes to see what was happening there. Very soon it became clear how the white paper strips were colored.
The bowls stayed overnight in the kitchen. And in the morning, it became clear what had happened. The paint "moved" along the strips into empty cups. And since two strips came into each cup at once, the colors in it mixed up and new colors turned out! Isn't it a miracle for a child?!
Colored milk, or milk drawings
This fun experience for kids- became the favorite among the experiments we conducted. After all, everything is happening right in front of your eyes! For amazing transformations we need:
- flat plate
- milk
- liquid food coloring
- cotton swab
- any liquid soap or dishwashing liquid
Pour some milk onto a plate. We drip dye in several places. Dip a cotton swab into liquid soap. We used dishwashing liquid. And the fun begins: incredible color patterns are drawn on milk and new colors appear. This experience is beyond description, so I suggest watching our video. There are two experiments at once - the simultaneous lowering of two sticks, and holding the cotton swab in place.
Isn't it beautiful? We have done this experience many times in a row!
spinning disk
This experience may remind you of a regular top or a button-down greeting from childhood. But still very interesting.
On thick cardboard at least three circles are drawn different sizes. All circles are divided in half, the halves of the circles are painted in different colors:
In the middle we make two holes and skip a dense thread. We tie it. And holding the thread in our hands, we twist the disk. And when we release, we see how the colors mix and form three circles of three different colors:
Having twisted the disk once, you can keep the torsion indefinitely, relaxing and pulling the thread.
My boys were delighted with the experiments. Arseniy takes out milk every day and asks to draw patterns. Just like or, such fun experiences for kids develop horizons, teach patience and talk about the properties of objects.
Are you familiar with such fun experiences for kids? Maybe you know other interesting experiments with mixing colors. Share with us. Thank you in advance!
Sincerely,
State educational institution
« high school No. 14 in Pinsk
Design - research
4th grade student
Supervisor
Kosyak Maria Nikolaevna,
teacher primary school
Pinsk, 2016
Introduction ………………………………………………………………….3 CHAPTER 1……………………………………………………… …………......41.1. The role and meaning of flowers in our life ……………………………….4
1.2. How to make flowers special? Color it! ……………………..5
CHAPTER 2…………………………………………………………………..6
2.1. Experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors ……..6
CHAPTER 3 …………………………………………………………………..8
3.1.Rainbow roses………………………………………………………….8
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………......9
List of used sources …………………………………..10
Application ……………………………………………………………...11
Introduction
For Christmas, they gave me the book "Merry scientific experiments for children". There I found a huge number of ideas, but one struck me and surprised me with its simplicity, beauty and unusualness. These are flowers of unusual colors. Who can be surprised today with a red rose or a white carnation? And if they are blue, green or purple? I decided to surprise my mother and grandmother on International Women's Day with "magic" flowers.
I believe that my topic is relevant, because in our time, flowers are a small value. Now is the age computer games, cell phones, technology, and there is very little space left for flowers. I think that this is a consequence of a misunderstanding that flowers are also an important gift. People give flowers with all their hearts to express their emotions, to convey that beauty that cannot be expressed in words.
Subject of research: white flowers.
The purpose of the study: obtaining flowers different colors.
To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set:
to study the literature and collect information on the topic of the project;
check empirically which flowers can be painted in other colors;
experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors.
Hypothesis: White flowers will turn the color of food coloring.
Research methods - study of literature on the topic, collection and selection of information on the Internet, experimentation, observation, comparison, comparison, generalization.
The practical significance of the study is an artificial change in the color of flower petals; this work can be used in the lessons "Man and the World" and fine arts in primary school.
Chapter 1
1.1. The role and meaning of flowers in our life
Flowers have always been reserved special place in the life of every person. Already in ancient times, the concepts of love, feelings of happiness and happiness were associated with them. positive mood. In ancient times, in order to give flowers, it was not necessary to wait holiday. They were given for no reason on the most ordinary days, because they believed in the magical effect of flowers, which makes a person carefree and cheerful. Thanks to flowers, patients got rid of diseases much faster.
Nature has created about two thousand of the most diverse different types plants that are different outward signs. Each of them is a unique plant, beautiful and unique. Flowers have an exceptional ability to give others joy and a sea of optimism.
Flowers in all their diversity not only decorate our lives, give their exquisite and light fragrance, but also purify the air, saturating it with oxygen. According to scientists, flowers neutralize negative energy and charge everything around with positive energy.
It is enough to remember how happy the people who received flowers from you as a gift were, how their eyes shone with happiness. (Annex 1)
Modern medical statistics indicate that every second person is exposed to a serious influence of stress, which negatively affects both his physical health and his peace of mind. Flowers are meant to help people deal with everyday stress. Beautiful bouquets with a fresh, delicate aroma will give you a boost of energy and a sense of satisfaction from life, set your thoughts in a positive way.
Flowers are an integral part of a positive outlook on the world, they create comfort and beauty in the house.
1.2. How to make flowers special? Color it!
Agree, any flowers are beautiful in themselves. But sometimes we still want to add a little originality and fantasy to natural beauty, not only to please a person beautiful bouquet but also surprise him. And it's pretty easy to do so. To give your favorite colors an unusual shade, you can use one of several existing methods coloring flowers.
How can you make flowers change color?
First, create special growing conditions for them. True, this is a way for experienced breeders. Thanks to their work, we can admire tea roses, unusually beautiful gladioli, striped chrysanthemums and dahlias. (Annex 2)
Secondly, reduce or increase the acidity of the soil: less acidic soil- this is a prerequisite for changing the color to pink, and then to cyan and blue. This method is effective for coloring hydrangeas and chrysanthemums.
Thirdly, you can cover the flowers with a special coloring composition from a spray bottle.
Fourth, color with chemical substances. Hold the flower whose color you want to change over the mixture ammonia and sulfuric ether.
Fifth, put the cut flowers in water dyed with food coloring, which will give them color.
The last method - tinting - is the easiest and most common. With it, you can color the flowers in the desired shade and at home.
Chapter 2
2.1. Experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors
I really liked the idea of coloring flowers at home with food coloring. I wanted to change the color of the plant myself. To do this, it was only necessary to stock up on some patience and certain materials.
For this experiment you will need:
white flowers (tulip, carnation, chrysanthemum, rose);
food colorings;
We act in this way:
1. Fill the containers (where we will put the flowers) with water. (Annex 3)
2. Add food coloring to each of them.
3. We cut the stems of the flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only a sharp knife.
You need to cut the stem obliquely by 2 centimeters at an angle of 45 degrees in warm water. When moving flowers from water to containers with dyes, try to do it as quickly as possible, holding the cut with your finger, because. upon contact with air, air plugs are formed in the micropores of the stem, preventing water from passing freely along the stem.
4. Place one flower in each dye container.
5. Let's wait until the colored water rises up the stems of the plants and colors their petals. (Annex 4)
After reaching the desired color of the petals, the flower should be removed from the solution and placed in clean water so it stays for a few more days.
I posted the results of coloring the flowers in a table. (Annex 5)
So, I concluded that tulips, chrysanthemums, carnations can be painted in other colors. The coloring time of flowers depends on the structure of the stem. The tulip has a tubular stem with hollow sieve tubes, so the water moves faster and the flower turns the color of the food coloring faster. In chrysanthemums and carnations, the stem is dense, water enters the leaves and flowers much more slowly, and therefore the coloring is less intense. It will take a lot more time to color the rose. Short-stemmed flowers bloom faster than long-stemmed ones. Coloring is always uneven. The thick veins through which water flows are the first to be stained. Only then comes the full color of the flower. Not only the petals of the flower are colored, but also its leaves and stem.
Not all flowers are suitable for artificial coloring. For work, you should take only fresh flowers. The longer a flower stands, the worse it will stain. You should also pay attention to the color of the petals. With red or darker flowers, it is impossible to achieve the desired result, so these plants should not be taken. White or cream flowers work best. From the whole variety of flowers, you can choose roses, tulips, carnations and chrysanthemums for coloring flowers. You can also experiment with any other white colors.
Food coloring should be used to color the flowers.
Dilute in water room temperature dye. The more dye you dilute in water, the faster the flowers will turn.
Cut off the flower stems with a sharp knife. Cuts should be made at a 45° angle and should be up to 2 cm long. If you are using roses, cut the stems in water. When you remove the rose stem from the water, press the cut with your finger so that it does not have contact with the air. Now put the prepared flowers overnight in a vase of water, in which the dye is diluted. In the morning you will see some changes. It will take you different time.
If desired, you can conduct several experiments with dyes. So, for this, some techniques are used that make it possible to create various color effects. You can leave the flower overnight in a container with dye of the same color. Then in the morning change the water and color of the dye. See how intricately the flower petals will be painted. You can also use the same color of the dye, but change its concentration in water. So you can get or very bright flower or tender soft shades petals.
For interesting effects For coloring flowers, try to split the stem along the stem from the base upwards by 10-12 cm. Then quickly dip half of the stem into a glass with one color of the dye, and the other half into a glass with another color (the glasses are next to each other). Also, the base of the stem can be divided into 4-6 parts, which will make it possible to experiment with a large number of colors and the opportunity to get some unusual ones. color combinations.
Chapter 3
3.1. rainbow roses
On the Internet, I saw an extraordinary beautiful roses and learned that these flowers are called rainbow roses and can rightly be called the most unique flowers. After all, their petals are painted in various colors. In one bud, there can be yellow, pink, blue, green, red, purple, that is, almost the entire set of the rainbow. Such a variety of colors creates an absolutely incredible feeling. It is thanks to this variety of colors that it got its name. (Annex 6)
The rainbow rose comes from Holland. They were created by Peter Van de Werken, who is a brilliant Dutch flower designer, with his assistants.
The way to get this plant was quite long. Rainbow roses were not bred through breeding work. They are obtained by coloring. According to this technology, various floral dyes are added to its individual capillaries even during the period of flower growth. It is thanks to this technology that rainbow roses were obtained. Unlike those that were previously painted by spraying paint, the plants are bred using this technology, they do not paint their hands.
Surely everyone will like rainbow roses. In any case, they will leave an indelible impression in your memory.
I really wanted to repeat this experiment, but you cannot use any paint to grow this flower. It has a certain composition, which is currently known only to one Dutch company.
By the way, it is this company that distributes rainbow roses all over the world.
Conclusion
My research work was very interesting and exciting. Having studied literary sources and Internet resources, I learned that it is possible to obtain an unusual color, a “magic” color of flowers, using the technique of artificial coloring.
Based on theoretical knowledge, I conducted an experiment with coloring white flowers in different colors using artificial coloring with food coloring.
As a result, he received a bouquet of unusually colored flowers to give amazing bright flowers to your beloved mother and grandmother on March 8. (Annex 7)
With the help of the acquired knowledge, I created a creative presentation album "Magic Flowers" to get acquainted with the wonderful flowers and unusual shades of the resulting bouquets in the lessons "Man and the World" and fine arts.
Based on my observations, I concluded: coloring fresh flowers is not a very difficult task. The main thing is to follow the recommendations for coloring flowers.
If you apply this simple coloring method, you will definitely have the brightest and most unusual flowers on March 8th.
Try it, you will definitely like these bouquets!
List of sources used
Funny scientific experiments for children / Egor Belko; OOO
« Publishing house "PITER", 2015.-63s.
Cognitive experiences at school and at home / Ed. Alistair Smith; Per. from English. V. A. Zhukov - Moscow: Rosmen-Izdat LLC, 2001. -96 p.
http://ejka.ru/blog/fokus/1749.html.
http://strana-sovetov.com/ .
http://goodmagic.ru/iskusstvennoe-okrashivanie-tsvetov
http://munok.3dn.ru/publ/fokusy/khimicheskie_fokusy/iskusstvennoe_okrashivanie_cvet.
Application
Annex 1
Flowers are an important gift
Appendix 2
Annex 3
Coloring white flowers
Appendix 4
magic flowers
Appendix 5
Color results
| Name | Time to first results (h) | Intensity |
| tulips | ||
| chrysanthemums | ||
| Carnation | ||
low intensity
Average intensity
high intensity
Appendix 6
rainbow roses
Rainbow roses in the color of the national flags of the countries of the world
Annex 7
Introduction
In nature there is a special wonderful world, bewitching with its beauty, unusual forms and mystery - the world of flowers. The presence of flowers in Everyday life of a person brings brightness and color and complements its essence. Flowers personify the beauty, joy and perfection of nature in people. People always decorate with these amazing gifts of nature festive, solemn days your life, and everyday life.
Since ancient times, flowers have been considered beautiful plant and adornment of people's lives. A man decorated his dwelling with various plants, trying to bring home a piece of wildlife. Someone plants flowers to create a special microclimate in a city apartment, having learned from school that plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, thereby improving the composition of the air. In addition, they moisturize it by evaporating moisture from the surface of the leaves, which is why it is so easy to breathe among plants. Others breed flowers purely for their beauty. Flowers have always been associated with love, joy, good mood and cheerfulness.
Among the national features of the Belarusian people, which cannot but attract attention, is the commitment to fresh flowers, to growing, breeding, caring, and widely using them as decoration.
The world of flowers, with their endless variety of colors and shapes, enchanting beauty, the sublime feelings awakened by them in a person, have always been an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets of all times. Our eyes will quickly find blue flowers cornflower, yellow-eyed daisies, fluffy clover inflorescences, bright yellow dandelions. This motley and fragrant variety of colors creates the atmosphere of a holiday of spring and summer.
The object of my research: absorption of food coloring.
Subject of study: white carnation and rose.
Purpose of the study: get a different color of a rose and carnation when interacting with a solution of food coloring
Research methods: work with literary sources, theoretical analysis, empirical methods (experiment, comparison, observation), analytical (comparison of the obtained data), situation modeling.
Tasks:
1. To study the structure of the plant stem based on the analysis of literature on the topic;
2. Conduct an experiment and compare artificial coloring with natural species diversity;
3. Find out the practical significance of the ability to absorb water by plants without roots.
hypothesesA: white carnations will turn the color of the food coloring.
Chapter 1. Theoretical part
1.1 Description of the object of study
The generic Latin name Dianthus comes from the Greek. δῖος - "divine"" and ἄνθος - "flower": flower of Zeus, Jupiter; given to the plant by K. Linnaeus for beautiful flowers
Flowers solitary or 2-3 at the ends of branches. The calyx is cylindrical or cylindrical-conical, with numerous longitudinal veins and (1)2-4(5) pairs of scaly, overlapping imbricate bracts. Petals five, with long claws and toothed, fringedly dissected, occasionally entire limb. Stamens ten. There are two columns.
The fruit is a cylindrical capsule, sessile or on a short carpophore, single-celled, opening with four teeth. Seeds numerous, flattened, oval, black, small-obtuse.
About 300-350 species in Europe, Asia, Africa, and partly in North America. The genus is most richly represented in the Mediterranean. Many species have been introduced into cultivation as ornamental plants and sometimes naturalized.
Some types of carnations are cultivated as annuals and bloom in the year of sowing, while others are biennials, that is, in the year of sowing they develop only rosette leaves and bloom in the second year. Numerous hybrids are currently used in ornamental horticulture. This plant was especially popular in the Soviet Union, where these flowers became a symbol of the October Revolution, and later victory in the Great Patriotic War.
Some researchers claim that the smell of cloves "helps smooth out internal contradictions" and "stimulates positive emotions."
1.2 Why do petals change color?
Water enters the plant from the soil through the root hairs and young parts of the roots and is carried through the vessels throughout its aerial part. With moving water, minerals absorbed by the root are carried throughout the plant. The flowers that we use in the experiment are devoid of roots. However, the plant does not lose the ability to absorb colored water. This is possible due to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the sucking force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved mineral and organic compounds from the root system to the aboveground organs of the plant.
Plants have two types of vessels. Vessels-tubules, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from the bottom up - from the roots to the leaves. The nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis travel from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is at its center. Such a system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The structure of this system is similar in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower. slice.gif
Damage to the vessels can kill the plant. That is why it is impossible to spoil the bark of trees, since the vessels are close to it ...
Chapter 2. Practical part
2.1 Color fresh flowers (experiment description)
For the experiment we need:
any flowers with white petals, I used white roses and carnations.
Containers for water, such as glasses.
food coloring in different colors
· knife
water
Work plan:
1. Filled the containers with water.
3. Set aside one flower, and cut the stems of the rest of the flowers. Scissors are not suitable for this purpose - only a sharp knife. You need to cut the stem obliquely by 2 centimeters at an angle of 45 degrees in warm water. Flowers were moved from water to containers with dyes as quickly as possible, holding the cut with a finger, because. upon contact with air, air plugs are formed in the micropores of the stem, preventing water from passing freely along the stem.
4. Placed one flower in each dye container.
5. They took the flower that they put aside. They cut (split) its stem along from the center into two parts. The procedure described in paragraph 3 was repeated with it. After that, one part of the stem was placed in a container with a dye (green), and the other part of the stem was placed in a container with a dye of another color (red).
6. They waited until the colored water rose up the stems of the plants and dyed their petals in different colors. It took about 4 days in total. At the end of the experiment, do not forget to examine each part of the flower (stem, leaves, petals) to see the path of water.
2.2 Explanation of experience (conclusion):
Water enters the plant from the soil through the root hairs and young parts of the roots and is carried through the vessels throughout its aerial part. With moving water, minerals absorbed by the root are carried throughout the plant. The flowers that we use in the experiment are devoid of roots. However, the plant does not lose the ability to absorb water. This is possible due to the process of transpiration - the evaporation of water by the plant. The main organ of transpiration is the leaf. As a result of the loss of water during transpiration, the sucking force in the leaf cells increases. Transpiration saves the plant from overheating. In addition, transpiration is involved in creating a continuous flow of water with dissolved mineral and organic compounds from the root system to the aboveground organs of the plant.
Plants have two types of vessels. Vessels-tubules, which are xylem, transfer water and nutrients from the bottom up - from the roots to the leaves. The nutrients formed in the leaves during photosynthesis travel from top to bottom to the roots through other vessels - the phloem. Xylem is located along the edge of the stem, and phloem is at its center. Such a system is a bit like the circulatory system of animals. The structure of this system is similar in all plants - from huge trees to a modest flower.
Damage to the vessels can kill the plant. That is why it is impossible to spoil the bark of trees, since the vessels are close to it.
Conclusion:
This research paper consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography and an appendix.
In the first chapter, the literature on the research topic was studied and analyzed, the structure and history of the emergence of chrysanthemums, as well as the reasons for changing the color of the petals, were studied.
In the second chapter, a technology for coloring fresh flowers was developed. Recommendations for coloring flowers are given. The experiment was carried out at home with parents.
The tasks assigned to us have been fulfilled.
In my future work, I plan to color the flower in large quantity flowers, receive a BLUE ROSE.
