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Preparation of disinfectant solutions of different concentrations. Preparation of disinfectants

Preparation of a 10% basic clarified solution

bleach (10 l).

Target: Use for preparing working solutions of various concentrations for the purpose of disinfecting premises, dishes, toilets, patient secretions, etc.

Equipment:

Overalls – long robe, cap, oilcloth apron, gloves

medical, respirator, safety glasses, replacement shoes;

Dry bleach in standard packaging indicating the name, date of preparation, expiration date, activity according to CL - (chlorine);

Containers for disinfecting solutions (enamel, plastic, dark glass) with appropriate markings;

Documentation: log of preparation of 10% bleach solution, log of control of dry preparation for active chlorine;

Wooden spatula for stirring the solution;

Personal hygiene products: soap, personal towel.

Required conditions:

Preparation should be carried out in a room with supply and exhaust ventilation, special equipment and equipment, in the absence of strangers.

	Rationale
Preparation for the procedure
1. Put on overalls.	Maintaining sister safety in the workplace, preventing exposure to toxic substances on the body nurse.
2. Prepare equipment.
3. Mark the start time of the procedure.	Compliance with the method of preparing the solution.
4. Pour a small amount of water into the container.	Prevention of spraying of bleach powder.
5. Pour in 1 kg of dry bleach, stirring with a wooden spatula and kneading the lumps.	Compliance with the methodology for preparing solutions (order No. 916).
6. Add water to 10 liters, stirring until smooth.
7. Close the container with a lid. Note: When exposed to light, bleach loses its bactericidal properties.
8. Make a mark on the cooking time tag and sign it.	Maintaining continuity in work and ensuring personal responsibility.
9. Take off overalls.
10. Wash your hands and face with soap and wipe dry.
11. Lock the room.	Compliance with labor safety rules when working with disinfectants. Compliance with the rules for storing disinfectants.
12. Stir the solution several times during the day.	Ensuring complete dissolution of dry matter in water.
Completing the procedure
1. Put on overalls.	Maintaining sister's safety in the workplace.
2. After 24 hours, pour the settled solution into another container marked: 10% basic clarified bleach solution (master solution), enter the date of preparation, note it in the logbook, and sign it.	Compliance with the method of preparing the solution. Ensuring personal responsibility and continuity in work.
3. Take off overalls.
4. Wash your hands and wipe dry.	Maintain personal hygiene.
5. Lock the room.	Compliance with labor safety rules. Compliance with the rules for storing chlorine-containing preparations.

Preparation of a 1% working solution of bleach (10 l)

Target: use for disinfection of premises, toilets, care items, dishes (according to orders for compliance with the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime).

Equipment:

Overalls: long robe, cap, oilcloth apron, medical gloves, replacement shoes, respirator, safety glasses;

Containers for disinfectants with appropriate markings;

10% clarified bleach solution (masterbatch);

Measuring containers with markings with a capacity of 1 l and 10 l (bucket);

Water, 9 liters;

Wooden spatula.

Required conditions:

Stages	Rationale
Preparation for the procedure
1. Put on overalls.	Maintaining sister safety in the workplace, preventing exposure to toxic substances on the body.
2. Prepare equipment.	Ensuring clarity in work.
3. Check the markings of the mother solution and the bucket for the working solution.	Personal responsibility.
Executing the procedure
1. Take a 1L measuring vessel, pour 10% basic clarified bleach solution (master solution) into a 1L container.
2. Pour into a container for a 1% working solution (bucket).
3. Add water to 10 liters.
4. Stir the solution wooden spatula.
5. Close the lid, check the labeling, put the date of preparation of the solution and signature.	Personal responsibility. Ensuring continuity in work.
Completing the procedure
1. Use for disinfection immediately after preparation. Note: the content of active chlorine decreases during long-term storage.	Compliance with orders No. 408, 916.
	Maintaining personal hygiene of the nurse.

Preparation of a 1% chloramine solution (1 l)

Target: use for disinfection in accordance with orders to comply with the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime.

Equipment:

Workwear;

A weighed portion of dry chloramine powder 10 g;

Water containers with markings up to 1 l;

Container for disinfectant solution;

Wooden spatula.

Required conditions:

The solution is used once.

Stages	Rationale
Preparation for the procedure
1. Put on overalls.	Ensuring safety in the workplace.
2. Prepare the equipment, check the markings.	Maintaining clarity in work. Ensuring personal responsibility.
Executing the procedure
1. Pour a small amount of water into the container.	Prevention of powder spraying.
2. Place a sample of dry chloramine powder (10 g) into a container.	Compliance with the methodology for preparing solutions of percentage concentration.
3. Add water to 10 liters.
4. Mix the solution with a wooden spatula.
5. Close the lid.
6. Check container markings and tags.
7. Put the date of preparation of the solution and sign it.	Ensuring continuity in work with disinfectants, personal responsibility.
Completing the procedure
1. Use the freshly prepared solution once.	Compliance with Order No. 408.
2. Take off overalls, wash your hands, and wipe dry.	Maintaining personal hygiene of a medical worker.

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Introduction

1. Concept of disinfection

Conclusion

Introduction

Veterinary sanitation is one of the most important branches of veterinary medicine, dealing with the development and implementation of measures in livestock farming aimed at the prevention and elimination of animal diseases, to protect people from pathogens and invasions, common to man and animals, as well as providing livestock products and feed of high sanitary quality.

In livestock farms, veterinary sanitation involves carrying out measures aimed at maintaining the well-being of the entire herd, preventing the introduction or removal of pathogens of infectious diseases from it, and creating conditions that prevent contact of a pathogenic pathogen with the animal’s body. recommended norms and rules of veterinary sanitation are decisive in the implementation of technological processes for the production of high-quality livestock products. Currently, veterinary and sanitary measures are carried out on livestock farms, poultry farms, in transport, at the state border, at meat processing plants and other enterprises associated with the production of livestock products and, as a rule, are included in their cost. In this regard, reducing the costs of carrying out veterinary and sanitary measures through a reasonable selection of existing and development of new disinfectants and insectoacaricidal preparations, as well as promising samples of equipment that provide optimal technology the use of these drugs is one of the current issues veterinary sanitation.

For the first time, a system of veterinary and sanitary measures, like component veterinary sanitation, scientifically substantiated by Academician of VASKhNIL A.A. Polyakov (1904 - 1990). A significant contribution in the areas of veterinary sanitation was made by VNIIVSGE scientists: A.A. Polyakov, A.A. Zakomyrdin (disinfection); V.S. Yarnykh (mechanization of veterinary and sanitary work); K.P. Andreev, D.K. Polyakov (disinfestation and decontamination); D.F. Trakhanov (deratization).

Until now, his books have become reference books for veterinary workers (Veterinary disinfection, 3rd edition, M., 1964; Fundamentals of veterinary sanitation, M., 1969; Guide to veterinary sanitation, M., 1986); which cover the issues of disinfection, disinfestation, decontamination and deratization in relation to the conditions of industrial livestock farming.

IN last decade the science and practice of veterinary sanitation has been enriched with a wide range of new disinfectants, insectoacaricidal, raticidal and other drugs. New high-performance equipment has been developed for carrying out veterinary and sanitary measures, in particular, for carrying out aerosol treatments of premises and animals.

The role of veterinary sanitation in our time is increasing due to changing economic, natural, geographical, environmental and trade relations. Along with large livestock enterprises industrial type farms for raising and fattening animals and private enterprises for processing livestock products have appeared, where issues of veterinary sanitation require special attention.

1.Disinfection

Disinfection means destruction of objects external environment or removing pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms from them. In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures that ensure the well-being of livestock farming against infectious diseases, increasing the productivity of animals (poultry) and the sanitary quality of products, raw materials and feed of animal origin, disinfection (in the broad sense of the word) occupies one of the important places. The term “disinfection” (from the French word des - elimination and Latin infectio - infection, infection) translated means “disinfection”.

The pathogen can be transmitted from an infected animal to a healthy one by infected inanimate objects (transmission factors) and live carriers (insects, ticks, mouse-like rodents, etc.). Therefore, the system of disinfection measures includes: disinfection itself (in the narrow sense of the word), disinsection (des - eliminate and insectum - insect) and deratization (rattus - rat), aimed at the destruction of arthropods (insects, ticks) and rodents - reservoirs, carriers and distributors of pathogens of many infectious diseases. The role and significance of the measures of each section of disinfection will be determined by the epizootological characteristics of a particular infectious disease, and the choice of exposure will be determined by the specificity of the mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, its factors and routes of spread.

The main purpose of these measures is to break the epizootic chain by influencing its most important link - the factor of transmission of the pathogen from the source of infection to the susceptible organism.

Disinfection, disinsection and deratization are included in the plan of anti-epizootic measures for each farm, household, district, region, and republic.

They are carried out by: veterinary workers of collective farms, state farms, livestock complexes, joint stock companies and other farms (veterinary treatment operators, veterinary orderlies, disinfectors); disinfection teams of regional and city stations for combating animal diseases, state veterinary associations; self-supporting veterinary and sanitary units; disinfection stations and points on railway transport.

On farms, the staff of specialists carrying out veterinary and sanitary work is established depending on the volume of work in accordance with the standards. At pig-breeding complexes and poultry farms, veterinary and sanitary measures are carried out by teams working on contract and lease terms. In regional disinfection teams, according to the standard staff, the positions of chief (veterinarian or paramedic), veterinary orderly and driver are established.

Veterinary and sanitary units were created as self-supporting institutions of regional subordination with different numbers depending on the volume of work. Squads consist of sections and units.

According to the list of veterinary services provided by budgetary organizations and institutions of the state veterinary service of the Ministry Agriculture and food of the Russian Federation, approved on January 20, 1992, disinfection, disinfestation, and deratization are paid veterinary services.

In industrial animal husbandry, disinfection is integral part veterinary technology, that is, included in technological process production of livestock products.

The plan provides for the timing, methods and regimes of disinfection of production and auxiliary premises, workwear and footwear, Vehicle, territories and other processing objects; the need for disinfectants, washing and disinfection equipment and human resources, taking into account the volume of work; take into account the location of processing facilities, production technology, epizootic situation and other features of the farm.

Responsibility for material support carrying out disinfection measures is entrusted, as indicated above, to the head of the farm, and for the timeliness and completeness of execution - to the chief (senior) doctor of the farm.

Taking into account the epizootic significance, a distinction is made between preventive and forced disinfection. The latter, in turn, is divided into current and final.

2. Method for preparing disinfectant solutions

Freshly slaked lime suspension

Burnt lime is quenched with an equal volume or half the weight of water. IN wooden barrel First pour a little water, and then add a weighed amount of burnt lime and add water in the amount necessary for slaking. Lime, absorbing water, turns into a white mass.

When extinguishing, be careful not to get lime particles on your face or hands.

To obtain a 10% solution of lime milk, take 1 kg of quicklime, quench it with 1 liter of water, and then add 9 liters of water.

To obtain a 20% solution of lime milk, take 2 kg of quicklime, 2 liters of water for slaking and 8 liters of water to obtain a suspension.

Clarified bleach solution

To prepare a clarified bleach solution containing 1-, 2-, 4- or 5% active chlorine, first calculate the required amount of bleach using table No. 7, taking into account the amount of chlorine in the available dry bleach. Then weigh out required quantity bleach, pour it into a bucket and, after thoroughly crushing the lumps, first add a small amount of water until a homogeneous mushy mass is obtained. After this, the suspension is left to stand for 24 hours in a closed vessel. The upper settled clarified layer is drained and used for disinfection.

Note: if the bleach is stale, then the active chlorine content in it is first determined (in percent).

Explanation for table No. 6. The upper horizontal line with numbers from 20 to 32 shows the percentage of active chlorine in dry bleach. The numbers in any extreme column from 7 to 27 indicate how much bleach (kg) needs to be taken per 100 liters of water to obtain a solution with the required concentration of chlorine in it.

Example. It is necessary to prepare a solution containing 2% active chlorine. We look for the number 20 in the top row of the table. In the vertical column located under this number, we find a number close to 2. In in this case the number will be 2.00. Using the horizontal line opposite the number 2.00, we find the number in the leftmost column. It will be equal to 10. This means that to obtain 100 liters of a solution containing 20% active chlorine, you need to take 10 kg of bleach.

The required amount of bleach is calculated according to the proportion:

X - 2 From

That is, to prepare 100 liters of bleach solution containing 2% active chlorine in the solution, you need to take 10 kg of bleach containing 20% chlorine.

Sulfur-carbolic mixture.

A mixture is prepared from 3 parts of crude carbolic acid and 1 part by weight of sulfuric acid. Initially, carbolic acid is poured into the vessel, placed on snow or in cold water for cooling, after which carefully, in small portions while stirring, pour into it sulfuric acid and leave for 3-5 days before using the composition. During the first 24 hours, the mixture must be stirred periodically. In this case, it is necessary to protect your eyes, face and hands from contact with drops of the mixture. Aqueous solutions of the required concentration are prepared from this mixture.

IN winter time 5-10% can be added to the mixture table salt; The freezing point of the mixture drops to minus 8-13°C.

Formaldehyde solution

A formaldehyde solution is prepared from formaldehyde containing 35-40% formaldehyde. To do this, the available formaldehyde is first checked for percentage formaldehyde in it, and then dilute the formaldehyde with water to the required concentration.

For example, the available formaldehyde contains 40% formaldehyde, but you need to prepare a 4% formaldehyde solution. The amount of formalin that needs to be taken to obtain the specified formaldehyde solution is determined by the proportion:

X - 4, from where X =

This means that to obtain a 4% formaldehyde solution, you need to take 10 ml of the existing 40% formaldehyde solution and 90 ml of water.

To obtain 100 liters of a 4% formaldehyde solution, you need to take 10 liters of 40% formaldehyde and 90 liters of water.

If formaldehyde is polymerized (contains a white precipitate), it should first be reduced (cleared) by heating to a boil.

Alkaline formaldehyde solution

To prepare an alkaline solution of formaldehyde containing 3% formaldehyde and 3% caustic soda, first dissolve (per 100 l) 3 kg of caustic soda in half the amount of water (50 l).

After this, the amount of formaldehyde contained in the available formaldehyde is determined.

If formalin contains, for example, 36% formaldehyde, then to obtain a solution containing 3% formaldehyde, you need to take 8.33 liters of formaldehyde, based on the proportion:

X - 3, from where X =

Then 8.33 liters of formalin are added to the prepared alkali solution and then water is added until the total amount of the solution is 100 liters.

If instead of crystalline sodium hydroxide one takes liquid technical caustic soda containing, for example, 38% alkali, then instead of 3 kg of crystalline sodium hydroxide one must take 7.9 kg of technical sodium hydroxide:

X - 3, from where X =

An alkaline solution of formaldehyde containing 2% formaldehyde and 1% sodium hydroxide is prepared in the same order, but in different concentrations: first dissolve 1 kg of sodium hydroxide (per 100 l) in 50 l of water, then add 5.5 l of formaldehyde ( containing in in this example 36% formaldehyde) and bring to 100 l.

Paraform solution

The drug is concentrated formalin containing at least 95% formaldehyde.

A solution of powdered formaldehyde is prepared in the usual manner. To obtain a solution of 1% concentration, take 1 part formaldehyde and 99 parts water. The water should be heated to 50-60°C, since the drug does not dissolve well in cold water.

Formalin-kerosene emulsion

Formalin-kerosene emulsion is prepared as follows. Weigh out the required amount of formalin according to calculation and stir it in a vessel with a small amount of kerosene. Then the rest of the kerosene is added in small portions and mixed thoroughly. After receiving a homogeneous liquid, add small portions into the vessel. hot water with constant stirring until a homogeneous milky emulsion is obtained. A pre-measured amount of formaldehyde is added to the resulting emulsion. After shaking, a milky emulsion is formed, ready for use. The emulsion is applied after preliminary washing of the surfaces with hot lye.

To prepare, for example, 100 liters of emulsion, you need to take 10 liters of 40% formaldehyde, 10 liters of kerosene, 5 liters of creolin and 75 liters of water. Formalin must first be tested for formaldehyde content; the finished emulsion should contain 4% formaldehyde.

Soda ash solution

To prepare a soda ash solution, you must first determine the total alkalinity of the medium, i.e. Na2CO3 content. For example, the existing soda ash contains 90% Na2CO3, but you need to prepare a 10% soda ash solution. The amount of soda ash that must be taken to obtain the specified solution is determined from the proportion:

X - 10, from where X = = 11.1

This means that to obtain a 10% soda ash solution, you need to take 11.1 available soda ash and 88.9 ml of water.

Ash liquor

To prepare ash liquor, use ash that has been stored for no more than 9 months, sift it through a sieve and pour it into boiling water. Leaching of ash in water lasts 1 hour, counting from the beginning of boiling of water with ash. After boiling for an hour, the solution is allowed to settle. The top settled layer is used for disinfection. Ash liquor solutions are prepared based on the content of caustic alkalis in them. To obtain liquor containing 0.5% caustic alkalis, 1.5 kg will be wood ash or 2 kg of rye straw ash per 10 liters of water, and to obtain lye containing 1% caustic alkalis - 3 kg of wood or 4 kg of rye straw ash per 10 liters of water. The lye is suitable for disinfecting livestock yards in warm and dry seasons. Disinfect the premises with a solution of ash liquor containing 1% caustic alkalis at the rate of 1 l/m2 of area. It can be recommended as good detergent, for cleaning heavily contaminated objects and premises before disinfection, as well as for washing animals during the treatment of skin diseases - scabies, dermatitis, etc.

Peracetic acid preparation

To prepare the drug, take 4 parts of acetic anhydride, 1 part of 25-30% hydrogen peroxide (perhydrol) and 5 parts tap water. It is better to prepare the drug in the cold or irrigate the container for preparing the solution cold water. The exothermic reaction of the mixture components ends 1 hour after mixing. The result is a colorless preparation of peracetic acid, from which its working solutions are prepared.

The shelf life of the drug is 1 month when stored in a cool, dark place.

Activated chloramine solution

To obtain an activated solution of chloramine, a powder of ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride by weight equal to the amount of the drug taken in the solution is added to the solution of the required concentration as an activator one hour before use.

You cannot mix both powders (chloramine and ammonium salt) before preparing solutions, because in this case, chloramine decomposes and reduces its solubility in water.

When using ammonia as an activator, it is added 8 times less compared to the activated agent. To do this, use an aqueous solution of ammonia.

For example, to obtain an activated solution of chloramine, an aqueous or alcoholic solution of ammonia is added to a 12% solution (3% active chlorine) at the rate of 0.4% of the active substance.

Activated solutions cannot be prepared for future use.

The drug "PEMOS - 1"

The drug "Pemos -1" is a disinfectant that contains hydrogen peroxide (5-10%), lactic acid (1%), sulfonol (biolot, lotus) - 0.3% and tap water (up to 100%). By appearance the drug is a yellowish-green clear liquid with moderate foaming, low odor, miscible with water in any ratio, incompatible with chlorine-containing disinfectants.

To prepare the drug in a clean container (glass, porcelain, ceramics, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel without traces of corrosion), pour in the required amount of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid, mix the contents, leave for 1.5-2 hours, then add water to the required amount of working solution, mix and add sulfonol or other surfactant to the solution at the rate of 30 g per 10 liters of solution. The shelf life of the drug is 5 days from the date of preparation.

The amount of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid required to prepare the Pemos-1 working solution of the required concentration is determined taking into account the content of the active substance in them according to the formula:

where X is the amount of perhydrol or lactic acid, l; a - the required concentration of hydrogen peroxide or lactic acid in the preparation; b - required amount of working solution, l; c is the content of the active substance in the perhydrol or lactic acid used, %.

Anolyte solution

To prepare anolyte, use a 1% solution of table salt (sodium chloride). Anolyte is obtained as a product of unipolar electrochemical activation in diaphragm electrolyzers (Ekomed - M, UDEZH - F, etc.). The amount of active chlorine in anolyte is determined by the method for determining active chlorine in chlorine-containing preparations.

Conclusion

veterinary disinfection solution preparation

For disinfection, drugs are used that differ in their mechanism of action. The most commonly used oxidizing agents are halogens, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), alcohols, aldehydes and yar.

It must be understood that disinfection measures have great importance in the fight against infectious diseases, however, their effect is most often manifested in combination with other measures taken.

In hospital conditions, sterilization measures, i.e., the complete destruction of pathogens at various facilities (a set of aseptic and antiseptic measures), are the main ones for the prevention of purulent-septic infections.

List of used literature

Dudnitsky I.A. Disinfection quality control. - Veterinary Medicine, No. 9, 1991. - P. 8-10.

Kirpichenok V.A., Yatusevich A.I., Goridovets V.U. Handbook of veterinary disinfection. - Mn.: Urajai, 1991 - and P. 151.

Korzhevenko G.N., Mkrtumyan A.V., Burkov V.I. and others. Domestic disinfection technology - into veterinary practice - Veterinary Science, No. 12, 2001. - P. 10-12.

Krupalnik V.V. The use of the drug "Pemos-1" in the form of foam for the disinfection of livestock and poultry premises: abstract of thesis. veterinary candidate Sci. - Shchelkovo: 2004. - P. 28.

Krupalnik V.L., Popov N.I., Vasenko S.V. Veterinary sanitation ( tutorial) - M.: MGAVMiB, 2005. - P. 135.

Polyakov A.A. Veterinary disinfection. - M.: Kolos, 1975.

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SAFETY

The preparation of disinfectant solutions is carried out by a specially trained person - a disinfector. Preparation is carried out in a well-ventilated area using special clothing, rubber gloves, sealed goggles and a four-layer gauze bandage. Store disinfectants in places inaccessible to children and persons not involved in disinfection. Containers with disinfectants must have tight-fitting lids and be labeled. Each container must have a label indicating the name, concentration, as well as the date of preparation, expiration date, and the name of the person who prepared the solution. The supply of disinfectants is stored in dry dark place, cool room under lock and key. If disinfectants come into contact with eyes or mucous membranes, rinse running water. After using the solution, wash your hands with soap and apply any cream.

RULES FOR PREPARATION OF DISINFECTING CHLORINE SOLUTIONS

EQUIPMENT: containers or enamel containers (glass) with tightly sealed lids, wooden sticks, measuring spoons, water, measuring cup, disinfectant

SUBSEQUENCE preparing a working disinfectant:

1. Pour the required amount of water into a measuring cup.

2. Pour 1/3 of water into the container (container) to the specified amount.

3. Pour (pour) the required amount of disinfectant.

4. Stir the solution.

5. Add the rest of the water and mix the solution again. Close the lid tightly.

6. Label the container, indicate on the tag: date of preparation, expiration date, name of the disinfectant, its %, signature of the preparer.

1. Prepare a stock solution of bleach: dilute 1 kg of dry bleach in 9 liters of cold water (bucket), (the bleach is crushed with a wooden spatula). Label the dishes.

2. Leave the mixture for 24 hours, stir 2-3 times.

3. Pour the resulting solution into a dark bottle, closed with a stopper (this is a 10% clarified bleach solution, which can be stored for 5-7 days in a dark place). The dishes are marked accordingly.

4.If necessary, prepare a working solution of bleach of the required concentration:

0.1% - 100 ml of 10% bleach solution per 9.9 l H 2 O

0.2% - 200 ml of 10% bleach solution per 9.8 l H 2 O

0.5% - 500 ml of 10% bleach solution per 9.5 l of H 2 O

1% - 1 liter of 10% bleach solution per 9.0 l H 2 O

2% - 2 l of 10% bleach solution per 8 l of H 2 O

Chloramine solutions:

The working solution is prepared immediately before use:

1% - 10 g chloramine + 990 ml water

3% - 30 g chloramine + 970 ml water

5% - 50 g chloramine + 950 ml water

0.5% - 5 g of chloramine + 995 ml of water.

Make a record of the manipulation performed. Carry out infection safety measures.

Target: Prepare a 10% bleach solution

Indications: For the destruction of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the external environment of wards and functional premises of departments of health care facilities.

Contraindications: Allergic reaction for chlorine-containing preparations.

1. Surgical gown (length no higher than the middle third of the lower leg).

2. An apron made of rubberized fabric or disposable.

3. Respirator RPG-67 or RU-60 (or 8-layer mask).

4. Safety glasses type PO-2, PO-3..

5. Hat.

6. Rubber gloves.

7. Rubber boots or shoe covers on top of regular shoes.

8. Medical kit.

Equipment:

1. Scales or measuring container for a set of disinfectants. funds.

2. Measuring container for water.

3. Dry bleach 1 kg.

4. Enameled container with a lid.

5. A dark glass bottle with a ground stopper (with markings)

6. Wooden spatula.

7. Cold water -10 liters.

8. Gauze napkin or sieve.

9. Logbook for recording the consumption of disinfectants.

10. Journal of preparation of the mother liquor.

11. Folder with the result of chemical control of the dry preparation and disinfectant. solutions for active chlorine content.

12. Instructions for preparing des. ditch

13. Soap for washing hands and face.

14. Silicone cream for rubbing into the skin of your hands after washing.

15. Express scale for determining the concentration of chlorine-containing disinfectants.

16. Stencil marking “Do not enter! The disinfection is being prepared. solutions!

17. First aid kit to assist medical personnel in case of poisoning (the set depends on the disinfectants used).

3. Check for yourself (call a laboratory assistant) the activity of chlorine and the correctness of its storage.

6. Take 1 kilogram of dry bleach.

7. Pour it carefully into an enamel container and chop it with a wooden spatula.

8. Fill with a small amount of water at room temperature.

9. Stir everything with a wooden spatula until it becomes mushy so that there are no lumps.

10. Carefully pour in cold water up to the 10 liter mark.

11. Close the container tightly.

12. Attach a tag to the container indicating the date, time of preparation and the name of the person who prepared it, his position.

13. Leave for 24 hours in a dark place (during this time, stir several times) to release active chlorine, you will get a “master solution of 10% bleach.”

14. Remove protective clothing.

15. Wash your hands and face with soap, wipe dry, rub silicone cream (any emollient cream) into the skin of your hands.

16. Lock the room.

17. After 24 hours, pour the resulting solution through 4 layers of bandage (gauze) into a dark glass bottle labeled “10% bleach solution.” (Work in overalls!)

18. Cap the bottle.

19. Put on the label the date the solution was prepared, indicate its concentration, sell-by date, your position and last name.

20. Dispose of the sediment into the sewer.

21. Remove protective clothing.

22. Wash your hands and face with soap, wipe dry, rub silicone cream (any emollient cream) into the skin of your hands.

23. Lock the room.

Assessment of achieved results:

A 10% bleach solution (clarified) has been prepared.

Note:

1. The 10% solution can be stored for 7-10 days in a dark place.

2. The solution must be stored out of reach of the patient.

Preparation of working solutions of bleach:

0.5% - 500 ml of 10% bleach solution per 9.5 liters of water;

1% - 1 liter of 10% bleach solution per 9 liters of water;

2% - 2 liters of 10% bleach solution per 8 liters of water;

Preparation of a 1% chloramine solution

Target: Prepare a 1% chloramine solution.

Indications: For disinfection: - hands;

Care items;

Dishes, sinks, etc.;

Tables, bedside tables, window sills, etc.;

Contraindications: Allergic reaction to chlorine-containing drugs

Nurse safety in the workplace:

1. Overalls.

2. Medical kit.

Remember! Persons at least 18 years of age are allowed to work with chlorine-containing preparations.

Equipment:

1. A 10 g sample of dry chloramine powder.

2. Water container marked up to 1 liter.

3. Container for disinfection. solution.

4. Wooden spatula.

Sequence of actions of m/s with ensuring safety environment:

1. Put on a second (surgical) gown, a rubber apron, a respirator or an eight-layer mask, goggles, shoe covers, and rubber gloves.

2. Check for proper operation supply and exhaust ventilation and alarm, turn on the ventilation.

3. Check for yourself (call a laboratory assistant) the activity of chlorine and correct storage.

4. On the door with outside Hang up a stencil marking “Do not enter! The disinfection is being prepared. solutions!”, indicate the time when preparation started.

5. Conveniently arrange the equipment you need, check the markings.

6. Pour a small amount of water into the container (preferably warm - for better dissolution of the powder).

7. Place a sample of dry chloramine powder (10g) in a container with water.

8. Add water to the 1l mark.

9. Stir the solution with a wooden spatula.

10. Close the container tightly.

11. Attach a tag to the container indicating the date, time of preparation and the name of the person who prepared it, his position.

12. Remove protective clothing.

13. Wash your hands and face with soap, wipe dry, rub silicone cream (any emollient cream) into the skin of your hands.

14. Lock the room.

Evaluation of achieved results

A 1% chloramine solution was prepared.

Note:

The chloramine solution is prepared immediately before use.

The solution is used once.

The chloramine solution is good for 15 days if the chlorine activity is at least 25%.

Preparation of “working” solutions of chloramine:

1% - 10 g of dry matter per 990 ml of water;

3% - 30 g of dry matter per 970 ml of water;

5% - 50 g of dry matter per 550 ml of water.

Remember!

0.5-1% chloramine solutions are generally used where there may not be blood;

3% chloramine solution - where blood may be present (orders No. 40 8, 128);

Functional purpose – preventive

EQUIPMENT : oilcloth apron, rubber gloves, sealed goggles, four-layer gauze bandage or respirator, additional gown, scarf, containers for disinfection, disinfectants recommended for use, scales or measuring container, water, soap, dispenser with a disposable towel, hand cream.

SAFETY.

The preparation of concentrated disinfectant solutions is carried out by a specially trained person - a disinfector. Preparation is carried out in a well-ventilated area using special clothing, rubber gloves, sealed goggles and a four-layer gauze bandage. Store disinfectants in places inaccessible to children and persons not involved in disinfection. Containers with disinfectants must have tight-fitting lids and be labeled. Each container must have a label indicating the name, concentration, as well as the date of preparation, expiration date, and the name of the person who prepared the solution. The supply of disinfectants is stored in a dry, dark place, a cool room under lock and key. If disinfectants get into your eyes or mucous membranes, rinse with running water. After using the solution, wash your hands with soap and apply any cream.

RULES FOR PREPARATION OF DISINFECTANT SOLUTIONS.

EQUIPMENT: containers or enamel containers (glass) with tightly sealed lids, measuring spoons, water, a measuring cup, a disinfectant recommended for use by regulatory documents.

Algorithm for preparing working solutions of disinfectants:

1. To prepare a disinfectant working solution of the required concentration, calculate the ratio of disinfectant and water:

· 0.1% - 1 g (ml) disinfectant + 1000 ml water.

· 0.2% - 2 g (ml) disinfectant + 1000 ml water.

· 0.3% - 3g (ml) disinfectant + 1000 ml of water.

· 0.5% - 5 g (ml) disinfectant + 995 ml water.

· 1% - 10 g (ml) disinfectant + 990 ml water

· 3% - 30 g (ml) disinfectant + 970 ml water

· 5% - 50 g (ml) disinfectant + 950 ml water

· 10% - 100 g (ml) disinfectant + 900 ml water

2.Pour the required amount of water into the measuring cup.

2.Pour water in a given amount into a container (container).

3.Pour the calculated amount of disinfectant in grams (pour in milliliters) or place the required number of tablets in water in a container:

4. Stir the solution.

5. Close the lid tightly.

6. Label the container: on the tag indicate the name and percentage concentration of the disinfectant solution, date of preparation, expiration date, signature of the person preparing it.

7.Remove gloves, wash and dry your hands.

8.Lubricate your hands with protective cream.

Additional information about performing the technique

The working solution is prepared immediately before use. The expiration date is indicated in the instructions for use of the disinfectant.

MEDICAL SERVICE No. 12

Disinfection of care items using modern disinfectants.

Functional purpose - preventive

Conditions of implementation: outpatient, inpatient, sanatorium and resort.

EQUIPMENT: honey products. appointments, patient care items, cleaning equipment, rags, dishes, linen, disinfectants, drinking water, containers, cloth napkins, watches, soap, dispenser with a disposable towel, hand cream.

Products made of metals and glass (instruments for examining the ear, nose, pharynx, medical thermometers, medical jars, scissors, hair clippers, metal vessels, glass urinals) are disinfected in a 2% solution of “Lizaformin - 3000” for 15 minutes for tuberculosis and other bacterial infections;

In a 1.5% solution of "Lysoformin - 3000" for 15 minutes for a viral infection, including parenteral and viral hepatitis, HIV infection;

In a 1% solution of “Dezoform” for 60 minutes for bacterial infections, including tuberculosis;

In a 3% solution of “Dezoform” for 30 minutes for viral infections, including parenteral hepatitis and HIV infections.

Dry instruments are completely immersed in the solution (T at least 18 degrees) with the channels and cavities filled.

Products made of glass and metals are washed sequentially in two waters "Lysoformin - 3000", in three waters ("Dezform") for 5 minutes, products made of plastic and rubber - in two waters ("Lisoformin - 3000"), in three waters (" Dezform”) for 10 minutes. The channels of the products are washed using a syringe or a water-jet pump for 3-5 minutes in each container, preventing the leaked water from entering the container with the products being washed.

The products are dried using tissue napkins and stored in a medical cabinet.

Rinse water, used wipes and rinse containers are disinfected.

To disinfect medical products, the following products are used: dezoxon, dulbak, gibitan, lysetol, gigasept (except for care items), deconex.

Uncontaminated linen is disinfected by soaking in a 0.5% Lizafin solution for 60 minutes (for tuberculosis, 12 minutes) at a consumption rate of 5 liters per kg of dry linen.

Linen contaminated with secretions is soaked in a 1% Lizafin solution, including for tuberculosis.

In a 2% solution for 120 minutes for viral infections, including parenteral hepatitis and HIV infections.

To disinfect linen, it is possible to use the following products: “Amfolan”, “Alaminol”, “Clorsept”, “Peramine”, “Lidos”, “Purzhavel” according to the instructions for use.

Tableware and laboratory utensils. Completely immersed in mischief. solution at the rate of 2 liters per set of dishes. If there are food residues on the tableware, they are removed before disinfection.

Dishes without food residues are immersed in 0.1% solution solution"Lizafin" for 90 minutes with bact. infections.

In 0.5% solution for 30 minutes for tuberculosis;

In 0.5% solution for 60 minutes for viral infections.

Dishes with food residues are immersed in a 0.5% solution for 180 minutes at bact. infections.

In 2% solution for 60 minutes for tuberculosis and viral infection.

After disinfection is completed, the dishes are washed for 3 minutes.

In addition to Lizafin, it is possible to use the following agents: calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, ampholan, alaminol, hibitan.

Sanitary equipment (baths, sinks, toilets) are disinfected by wiping with a rag soaked in a 0.1% solution at the tank. infections, in 0.5% solution for viral infections, in 1% solution for tuberculosis with Lizafin, maintaining a disinfection time of 60 minutes.

Surfaces, furnishings, and furniture are wiped with a rag soaked in 0.75% Lisoformin Special solution at tank. infections, except tuberculosis, in a 1.5% solution for viral infections, maintaining a disinfection time of 1 hour. In 1% Lizafina solution or in 3% amocide solution - for tuberculosis, during exposure - 2 hours. The consumption rate of the drug is 150-200 ml/m2.

Cleaning equipment and rags are disinfected by soaking in 2% Lizafina solution for 120 minutes.

Upon completion, cleaning equipment and rags are rinsed and dried.

It is possible to use the following products: “Amotsid”, “Lysoformin – special”.

Disinfection of secretions is carried out using the “Amocid” product.

The sputum of tuberculosis patients is filled with 5% solution in a ratio of the volume of the drug to sputum of 2/1 for 4 hours.

Urine is poured with 5% solution in a ratio of 1/1 for 1.5 hours (for tuberculosis for 2 hours)

Fecal masses are poured with a 5% solution in a ratio of drug to feces of 2/1 for 5 hours (for tuberculosis for 6 hours).

Technology No. 13

Wet cleaning of health care facilities.

Functional purpose: preventive

Conditions of implementation: outpatient, inpatient

TARGET:

1. Compliance with the sanitary and anti-epidemic regime of the department.

2. Prevention of nosocomial infections.

INDICATIONS. Every day at least 2 times a day.

CONTRAINDICATIONS. No.

EQUIPMENT: cleaning equipment, 2 rags, trays, containers with disinfectants, gloves, masks, aprons, skin antiseptic, napkins, paper towel.

Procedure algorithm

I. Cleaning the rooms.

1. During cleaning, open the windows and ventilate the room. In winter, when cleaning, patients should be well covered, their heads tied with a scarf or towel, and a blanket tucked under their feet. Patients on semi-bed rest are asked to leave the room.

2. Cleaning of wards and all other rooms is carried out using a wet method, because Dust contains a large number of microbes that cause various diseases. In the morning, wet cleaning is done after breakfast, so that by 9 o’clock the doctor’s visit will be clean.

3. Repeated wet cleaning is done before quiet time and before bedtime.

4. You need to start wet cleaning with bedside tables. They wipe off the dust, remove unnecessary items, and control the food in the nightstand (perishable items should be stored in the refrigerator).

5. Then wipe the dust from the window sill and other furniture.

6. The room should be quiet during cleaning.

7. The floor must be washed from the windows and walls to the door. Garbage is collected in the corridor.

8. The issue of ventilation is discussed with patients.

NOTE:

v To wash each room, prepare working solution disinfectant.

v In the infectious diseases hospital, once a week spring-cleaning chambers

v Buckets and cloths marked as indicated should be used strictly for their intended purpose.

v If there is a patient in the ward who is allergic to the smell of chlorine, then the floor should be washed with a disinfectant of a different composition.

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Preparation of disinfectant solutions of different concentrations. Preparation of disinfectants

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