Spiraea gray cuttings in summer. Spirea on the home plot: features of reproduction of ornamental shrubs. How to care for garden spireas
One of the most unpretentious shrubs for garden plot- not only easy to care for, but also very easy to propagate. Most often, flower growers use a method such as cuttings with green young shoots. We'll talk about him.
When can spirea cuttings be taken?
You can start in spring, summer or autumn, but cuttings taken in summer period(in July).
Harvesting cuttings is best in cloudy weather, during rain or immediately after it.
It is necessary to take cuttings only from a healthy mother bush. To do this, cut off the young shoots of this year with a sharp pruner. It is very easy to distinguish them: they will be green, and last year's ones will be brown.
If pests are found on the spirea, the bush must first be treated with an intestinal poison such as Aktara. You can start harvesting cuttings no earlier than 3 days after processing.
On cut young branches, remove the tops. They are not suitable for breeding for two reasons:
- contain a lot of water and often simply rot in the process of rooting;
- too brittle and break easily.
On the resulting cuttings, remove all the leaves in the lower part, and leave 3-4 things in the upper part.
Cut the lower cut along an oblique line and lower the workpieces into a solution of pink potassium permanganate.
Rooting green cuttings
In order for the branches to form their own root system, they should be planted in a nutrient substrate. To do this, mix in equal parts:
- sand;
- high peat.
Mix the ingredients thoroughly, rubbing them with your hands to get a crumbly loose mixture.
In white plastic pot pour a small layer of soil (up to 5 cm) and lightly tamp. Remove each cutting from the solution, shake off excess water and dip the lower tip into a growth stimulator, for example, Kornevin. Deepen the blanks into the soil by no more than 1.5 cm, leaving a distance of 3 cm between them so that the leaves do not touch each other. In conclusion, compact the ground near the planted cuttings, ensuring maximum contact with it.
per liter boiled water add 1 tsp. garlic infusion and generously spray them with plantings in order to disinfect and prevent diseases. Cover the container from above with an opaque bag and place in a shaded place.
Periodically, the bag must be removed to ventilate and moisten the soil. When the cuttings take root and release new leaves, they can be planted in separate containers.
Spirea cuttings step by step - video
From the genus Spirea (meadowsweet) are extremely valued by craftsmen landscape design because of its versatility. After all, they can be used, for example, for rockeries, flower beds, borders, borders and hedges. Different kinds meadowsweet differ in color and shape of inflorescences, height, flowering time, and their skillful combination achieves an incredible visual effect. By the way, spirea flowers have a delicate aroma and are suitable for cutting. cuttings and layering - better ways reproduction of this shrub. We will talk about this today.
Spireas have a rather long flowering period, especially species that bloom in summer.
Seeds, as well as vegetatively: dividing the bush, root shoots (layers) and cuttings.
Propagation of spirea by cuttings
Cuttings are the most productive way. The rooting coefficient in many species of spirea, even without the use of growth regulators, reaches 70% or more. When processing IMC for 16 hours, the yield is almost 100%.
The rooting substrate can be prepared from high-moor peat and sand in a volume ratio of 1:2 or 1:1.
It is possible to carry out rooting work from the second half of summer (summer cuttings), but experienced growers prefer to propagate spirea in the fall (September - October), as this reduces labor costs.
For harvesting cuttings, the strongest shoots are selected, which are cut into pieces so that 4–5 leaves are located along the length of the cutting. Most bottom sheet cut to the petiole, and the rest are truncated in half.
Pre-planting preparation consists in soaking the cuttings in water (2 - 3 hours). If difficult-to-root species of spirea are propagated, then the cuttings are additionally treated in a solution of IBA (1 mg of indolylbutyric acid per liter of water). By the way, just before planting, you need to powder the lower part with a powdered root formation stimulator, for example, Kornevin.
The cuttings are planted in the substrate obliquely, at an angle of 45 degrees. By the way, this stimulates the formation of roots by inhibiting the growth of the apical bud.
IN further care consists in regular watering and daily spraying of cuttings with water from a spray bottle (in extreme heat several times a day). In industrial nurseries, "artificial fog" installations are used. To ensure the optimal humidity regime, it is necessary to build a protective shelter over the cuttings.
During winter cuttings, pre-planting preparation is carried out in a similar way, only cuttings are planted in a greenhouse prepared for shelter for the winter.
"Summer" cuttings dive in the spring of next year, and "winter" ones are planted in a permanent place before autumn.
Reproduction by layering
Reproduction by layering is practiced in early spring. To obtain layering, the root shoots of the shrub or lower shoots are used.
The shoot is placed in a prepared trench, pinned for fastening and covered with earth. If you do not pinch the top and bring it out, then it will continue to grow and form a single seedling with a powerful root system. When you need to get a large amount planting material, then pinch the top of the shoot. This stimulates the growth of shoots from the lateral buds. In autumn, the layers are dug up and divided into parts according to the number of regrown shoots.
According to decorative features, spirea belongs to the group of beautifully flowering ornamental deciduous shrubs. According to the classification - plants of the Rosaceae family, in which a separate genus Spirea is distinguished. The genus unites over 100 species of deciduous shrubs of creeping, upright, hemispherical and other forms 1.0-2.0 m high. Spireas are decorative and, when cultivated in culture, can grow in one place from 15 to 40 years. Abundant flowering in the spring-summer period, coming to the 3rd year of life, unpretentiousness in care, the ability to reduce the noise background of the city, gas resistance makes them among the favorites for landscaping public gardens, parks, industrial areas.
Biological characteristic
Spirea - perennial shrubs, with spreading crown. The leaves are simple, alternate on long petioles, pinnate, palmate, serrate-toothed give the shrub an elegant look, especially in spring period. The flowers are small, from white to dark pink, collected in paniculate or umbrella-thyroid inflorescences. Refined grace flowering bush comparable to the fragile beauty of the bride, for which the people of the spirea received the common name of the daughter-in-law. The root system is fibrous, extending into upper layers soil, which allows planting shrubs near underground utilities. Spireas are resistant to pests and diseases, drought and frost resistant.
Application in landscape design
The beautiful form of the shrub is used for solitary and group landings when landscaping mowed lawns, large park areas. at cottages and country cottages spirea is a wonderful hedge element. In combination with skumpia, conifers, and other perennials, it is part of unique plant compositions, mixborders. Spirea easily tolerate pruning, so they are often used as a border culture.
Reproduction methods
Spireas reproduce by seed and vegetatively. Of the vegetative methods, spirea propagation is used by dividing the bush, layering, cuttings.
seed
If a large amount of planting material is needed (for a hedge), then seed propagation is most acceptable. Seeds do not need stratification and are sown in the year of collection in autumn or spring.
Japanese spirea, oak-leaved spirea are best propagated by seeds), the germination of seeds of which is more than 80%.
For sowing seeds, containers 20-30 cm high are filled with a mixture of leaf and sod land(1:1) with the addition of a small amount of humus and sand to loosen the soil. Seeds are sown on a moistened soil surface, sprinkled with peat or a mixture of humus and sand. Cover with foil and place in the shade without drafts. Shoots appear after 7-10 days. The film is removed. With undergrowth up to 2 cm in height, the seedlings dive into other containers. When picking, pinch the central root by 1/3 of the length and plant the seedlings at a distance of 5-7 cm.
After 1-2 months, the seedlings are transplanted to a separate bed in open ground and next spring they are placed permanently. Seedlings in the first year are 5-10 cm single-stemmed twigs. Miniature plants need complete care: moderate watering with mulching, fertilizing, loosening. It is very important not to trample them and not lose them in the weeds. Therefore, it is better to fasten the plant with twine through a figure eight to a wooden marker. Seedlings planted permanently bloom for 3 years. It is better to cut off the first inflorescences. During this period, care consists in timely watering, destruction of weeds. Top dressing can be applied 1 time in the spring no more than 25-40 g / bush of nitroammophoska or other mineral complete fertilizer.
Vegetative
Vegetative propagation used if it is necessary to preserve all the features mother plant if it is not possible to obtain new plants by seed propagation (hybrids). Vegetative propagation allows you to quickly get mature plants, but in smaller quantities.
By dividing the bush
By dividing the spirea bush, they are propagated at the age of 3-4 years, when the bush is already formed, and root system allows it to be divided into separate divisions almost painlessly for plants. By dividing the spirea bush can be propagated throughout the growing season. Reproduction of spirea in the fall by dividing the bush is most appropriate.
We dig up a bush, shake off the soil from the roots. We rinse from adhering soil and disassemble the bush into parts so that each has several healthy shoots and a lobe of the root system. Carefully cut the bush with a disinfected pruner. We shorten the roots by 3-6 cm, so that in the soil the root system begins intensive development and the formation of young roots. We keep the delenka prepared for planting in a container with a solution of root or other stimulant. 2-4 hours.
Digging in the selected area landing pit to the depth of the root system. We pour soil on the bottom with a mound and straighten the root of the delenka along it. We fall asleep with soil to the middle of the pit. We water and finally fall asleep with soil. root collar placed at ground level. From above, we mulch the soil with peat, humus, fallen leaves or sawdust (not coniferous). In the first month, in hot weather, watering is carried out after 2-3 days, in cloudy weather, one watering per week is enough.
layering
For reproduction by layering, the lower healthy shoots are used. In the spring, from the shoot, we dig a groove 8-10 cm deep. We place the shoot selected for rooting at the bottom of the recess, pinch the top, pin it to the bottom with a V-shaped broken rod and sprinkle it with soil. During the summer, keep the soil moist. For the winter we warm with dry foliage, straw, peat. By the spring of next year, the shoot at the internodes forms a bunch of roots. It is separated from the mother plant and planted permanently.
cuttings
If it is necessary to obtain a sufficiently large number of plants with the preservation of varietal characteristics, then the most in a suitable way propagation is cuttings. This method is especially convenient for propagating hybrids in order to obtain a large amount of planting material.
We harvest cuttings from spring-flowering species of spirea in early June, and from summer-flowering species in the second half of June-early July. For cutting cuttings, we choose a one-year-old healthy shoot with vertical growth. We cut individual cuttings from the middle part of the shoot with 4-5 leaves. We remove the bottom 2 leaves completely, and shorten the rest (1/2 leaf blade). The lower part of the cuttings is placed in a container with a solution of the root former (epin, root).
We fill the prepared container (pots, boxes small size) sand or a mixture of sand and peat (1:1). We moisten the substrate and plant the cuttings to a depth of 2-3 cm at an angle of 45 *. Cover the top of the container plastic wrap, you can use glass, imitating a greenhouse. For full rooting, the cuttings need high humidity. Therefore, in the first month we moisten (do not fill with water) the substrate 3-4 times a day and be sure to spray it daily, warm water from a spray bottle (we create artificial fog). We place a container with cuttings in the shade of a tree, protecting from drafts. With the onset of a steady cold, we remove the coating, dig the containers into the ground, insulate them with leaves, cover with a box. In the spring, with the onset of heat, we plant the cuttings on a separate bed for growing. Rooted cuttings are planted in prepared places.
Species for home breeding
Types of spire are divided into 2 large groups:
- spring blooming,
- summer flowering.
Groups (up to 90 varieties) differ in the time and duration of flowering, flower color and the place where inflorescences are set.
Spring flowering species of spirea differ in inflorescences from white to cream. Inflorescences form on the shoots of the previous year. Bloom in May. Flowering comes amicably, but its duration is 1-2 weeks. Pruning is carried out immediately after flowering. For home breeding, the most popular are gray spirea, Thunberg, Vangutta, crenate, oak-leaved. All of them differ in the height of the bush and the shape of the crown, the color of the foliage. Very decorative in lush white bloom.
Summer-flowering species are highly decorative inflorescences of bright flowers from pink to crimson. They form inflorescences on the shoots of this year. Therefore, pruning is carried out only in the spring. Flowering is bright, long (more than a month). Many species have yellow, golden, red leaves, which emphasizes the originality of the bush against the background of other plants with a dark green crown. Japanese spirea (Shirobana, Little Princesses), macrophylla, Darts Red, white, loose-leaved are popular in home breeding. special attraction colors hybrids of Billard, Bumald differ.
When to cut spirea
Lignified spirea cuttings can be rooted starting in July. But usually this is done in the fall, in September - October. This is the most convenient way: the cuttings will go under the snow, and for a long time will not require watering and spraying, and take root in the spring.
You can even cut lignified cuttings in early spring, root on the windowsill, and plant them in the garden in the summer. But it's more troublesome: room conditions rooted cuttings require frequent watering and spraying.
Cutting cuttings of spirea
Select and cut into cuttings an annual shoot: it is straight and grows vertically. Cut the shoot into cuttings.
Each cutting should have 4-5 leaves.
Remove the lower leaves on the cuttings completely, along with the petioles.
Shorten the rest of the leaves on each cutting by half.
Rooting cuttings of spirea
Soak the cuttings for 10-12 hours in the solution Epina(1 ml per 2 liters of water).
Dust the bottom knot with Root Stimulant Powder ( Kornevin, Root).
Plant the cuttings in wet sand (submerge 2 cm). Please note that the cuttings are not located vertically, but at an angle of approximately 30-45 °. The fact is that trees and shrubs produce different hormones, the composition of which depends on how the shoot is located in relation to the direction of gravity. Vertical position the cutting stimulates the awakening of the upper buds, and the inclined one stimulates the growth of roots from the lower internode.
Spray the cuttings with a spray bottle. While the weather is warm, it is advisable to spray them every 2-3 days if possible after planting.
Cover the container with spirea cuttings with a film or glass cap. Place the cuttings in a shady spot, preferably under trees, not near north side walls and fences.
With the onset of frost, dig a container with cuttings in the garden. Cover the cuttings with leaves and cover with an inverted vegetable box.
In spring or early summer, when new shoots appear above the soil, young plants can be planted for growing in beds.
