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Additional education at school: programs and directions. Additional educational program of the circle "Press Center

At school, this is not just an extracurricular activity that involves classes in various circles or sections. This concept acts as a means of shaping the personality of the child and continuous learning useful skills. Additional education in elementary, middle or high school are activities and electives that should be combined into a single educational space.

Purposes and meaning

The main purpose of organizing additional extra-curricular activities, circles, sections and electives is the early detection of a child's talents, the development of creative abilities, the formation of a versatile range of his interests, and assistance in professional self-determination. System additional education in a modern school should:

• meet the needs of children of different age groups;
• help to reveal personal potential, creative streak;
• ensure the psychological and social comfort of students;
• encourage self-development of skills, cultivate self-discipline;
• help realize the potential of general education in the process of deepening and practical application of the knowledge that was gained in the classroom.

The value of this type of education is to provide children with the opportunity to feel the importance of learning, encourages them to be much more attentive to classes, and contributes to the practical implementation of all the knowledge gained in the classroom.

A child who has the opportunity to express himself from childhood, in adulthood, is more likely to be able to achieve best results in professional activities and in general life path. Good program additional education at school encourages children to develop independently, helps to increase the status of the child in the eyes of peers, self-esteem, forms an attachment to creative activity.

The constant employment of the student forms organization and self-control, discipline. And joint classes (circles involve the presence of several students, usually in groups of 3 or more students) teach to work in a team, strengthen team spirit, develop responsibility and sociability.

Features of DO

School additional education should be aimed at the personal orientation of students, it should also be specialized, multi-level, functional, and have a life orientation. It is necessary to provide a wide choice of forms and methods of pedagogical activity, the individuality of teaching methods, the implementation of the educational process through the activation of the work of students attending a section, circle or extracurricular activities.

Directions

The need for knowledge cannot fully satisfy the information that children receive on schoolwork. But not all schoolchildren can successfully engage in self-study, so the value of additional education at school is very high. The correct structure of the organization of circles, sections and other extracurricular activities should include all areas that may potentially be of interest to students. The areas of additional education at school may include:

1. Culturology, which contributes to the active familiarization of schoolchildren with world artistic culture, helps to adapt to life in modern society, as well as realize their own potential in several areas of life at once.
2. Design and robotics, where schoolchildren are offered an in-depth study of programming and computer science, the possibilities of using modern information technologies in practice are considered.
3. Physical culture and sports direction. Sports circles instill in students the skills of physical culture, convince them of the prestige of sports, and form the desire for a healthy lifestyle.
4. Ecology. Classes should reveal the close relationship between man and nature, point out the role of nature in the life of all people, teach a very careful and thrifty attitude towards all living things.

An element of the whole structure should be circles of additional education at school.

Types of additional education

Additional education programs for schoolchildren in circles, sections and extracurricular activities can be implemented in four categories:

1. Model programs of additional education, approved by the Ministry as a model.
2. Modified, i.e. adapted to the needs of a particular institution, the mode of pedagogical activity, the nature of groups, time limits, and so on.
3. Experimental, that is, including experimental methods, the use of innovative teaching techniques, changing methods, content, teaching methods.
4. Author's, written by the teaching staff or an individual teacher. The content of such programs includes innovative means of organizing the educational process in circles, sections, and extracurricular activities.

Programs

The program is an official document that clearly reflects the concept of additional school education, says the educational standard. This concept should be described in accordance with the previously set goals, as well as the real conditions for the implementation of teachers of their work. This document should indicate the expected results and methods, the stages of achieving the objectives of the work of the circle, section or elective.

The educational standard provides for the mandatory development of individual programs. Programs can be developed in the artistic-aesthetic, scientific-technical, natural-science, ecological and biological, physical culture-sports, military-patriotic or cultural areas. You can organize creative workshops, search clubs, literary courses, local history, sections entertaining chemistry or mathematics, electrical engineering circles and much more.

Program Requirements

The program of additional education in the school should be:

1. Actual. Focus on meeting student needs.
2. Rational. Objectives and options for obtaining the most valuable practical experience should be defined.
3. Realistic. Classes in sections should be clearly justified in terms of money, personnel and time.
4. Controlled. The program should be able to monitor student achievement.
5. Sensitive to failure. It is necessary to leave the possibility to control deviations from previously planned final or intermediate results.

Organization

Quality education is impossible without proper organization the entire system. To do this, it is necessary to establish interaction between the school administration, teachers of additional education at the school, students and their parents. Only fruitful cooperation of all parties will make it possible to organize a system of additional circles, sections, and events.

Stages of organization

Additional education at school should be organized in the process of implementing the following stages:

1. Studying the needs and desires of students. Data can be collected through written testing, oral surveys of students and parents, questionnaires, monitoring the quality of education of children at the stages of completion of junior, middle and high school.
2. Combining students into interest groups, creating sections, electives, circles. The model of the system and program of additional education at school can be formed based on the results of the survey. At this stage, it is necessary to highlight the main directions of extracurricular education. Activities should be designed based on the number of potential participants and those who need knowledge on a particular topic.
3. Helping teachers and children identify areas of study. Students should be given a free choice of additional education programs, before the start of classes, students are given an introductory test, the results of which can be guided, but they are not the main ones.
4. Current control and regular correction of work. It is necessary to determine the reporting period, at the end of which to collect data on students, attendance at circles and sections, student performance. All collected data is analyzed and systematized. Based on this information, corrective actions are developed, if necessary.
5. Analysis of activities and determination of work prospects. It is necessary to conduct constant monitoring. This will reveal the effectiveness of the introduction of a system of additional education for students in areas of interest to them. You can also determine the prospects for the development of the system in a separate educational institution.

Material base

The system of additional education, i.e. circles, sections, electives and others extracurricular activities, is formed on the material basis of a particular educational institution. Existing classrooms, inventory, literature are used. But not all schools or preschool educational institutions have sufficient resources to organize extracurricular activities and in-depth study of subjects.

Sources of financing

If the school cannot ensure the functioning of additional education with its own budget, paid sections and circles are introduced. Also, sometimes shareware training is organized, which involves the collection of financial resources that are necessary for the purchase of additional equipment, literature or inventory. With paid education, the cost of circles and sections includes the remuneration of teachers, rent of premises, if classes will be held outside the walls of the educational institution, necessary equipment and so on.

1. Explanatory note

Preschoolers enjoy making crafts and toys with their own hands. And although the implementation of crafts is often fraught with difficulties, in overcoming difficulties the child receives emotional satisfaction. Many researchers consider an emotionally positive attitude to activity to be a condition for the formation of artistic and creative abilities. In addition, children develop arbitrariness, strong-willed qualities, perseverance. Manual labor affects the development of fine motor skills, speech and such mental processes of the child as attention, memory, thinking, imagination, and therefore the development of the intellect as a whole. Thus, we can conclude that in the process of manual labor, all components are formed. psychological readiness to school, and therefore this species activity is very relevant for preparing children for learning.

The novelty of this program is that it is aimed at expanding the content of the basic component of education, mastering children with additional knowledge, skills and abilities. feature is integration various kinds activities. Children's manual labor will be accompanied by informative stories about nature, materials, culture and traditions different countries. The widespread use of literary and musical works will increase interest in studies and creativity. Classes built in the form of travel games will teach a growing person to think, fantasize, think boldly and freely, fully demonstrating their abilities.

Target: mastering by children the skills and abilities of working with natural and artificial materials, the techniques of "plasticineography" and "origami" for independent and creative creation compositions.

Tasks:

Tutorials:

• To form technical skills in working with various materials: natural materials (leaves, cones, branches, straw, pebbles, shells, etc.) and artificial materials (paper, cardboard, fabrics, wire, plasticine, etc.) and tools.
• Develop compositional skills
• Deepen and expand knowledge about the world around us (nature, cultural traditions of countries, properties of various materials).
• Improve the ability to work with diagrams, navigate in spatial relationships.
• To consolidate knowledge about safety rules when working with scissors and other dangerous objects.

Developing:

• To develop creative abilities in children, visually - figurative thinking, attention, memory.
• Develop fine motor skills hands
• To develop arbitrariness, perseverance, purposefulness.

Educational:

• Arouse in children an interest in artistic work, creative activity.
• To cultivate an aesthetic taste, an emotionally positive attitude towards the activity and the result obtained.
• Cultivate accuracy when working with various materials.
• Arouse interest in the world around us, cultural traditions, cultivate love for nature.

Program Content Principles:

1. The principle of visibility extensive use of visual images, constant reliance on the evidence of the senses, through which direct contact with reality is achieved.

2. The principle of accessibility of the studied - All tasks are selected taking into account the age and individual characteristics of the children.

3. The principle of integration the creation in the child of a holistic picture of the world by means of nature, literature, music, art, and productive activity.

4. The principle of systematic to teach, moving from the known to the unknown, from the simple to the complex, which ensures a uniform accumulation and deepening of knowledge, the development of children's cognitive abilities .

5. Comfort principle- an atmosphere of goodwill, faith in the strength of the child, the creation of a situation of success for each child.

6. Immersion of each child in the creative process - the implementation of creative tasks is achieved through the use of active methods and forms of education.

7. activity principle- is realized in the acceptance of the idea of ​​the leading role of activity in the development of the child.

The program is designed for one year of study with children preparatory group(6-7 years).

Classes are held:

With a subgroup of children (12 - 15 people);

1 time per week (Tuesday);

In Group;

The duration of the lessons is 30 minutes.

Forms of classes:

• classes;
• excursions;
• occupation - travel;
• joint activities of children and parents;
• collective lessons.

Methods and techniques: game, conversation, informative story, explanation showing manufacturing techniques, demonstration of visual material, use of a literary word, musical works, creation of game and problem situations, use of schemes, models, experimentation, discussion of results.

Conditions for classes in the circle " magic workshop».

1. Required material for crafts (paper, cardboard, natural material, cotton wool, cereals, pencil shavings, plasticine, etc.)

2. Selection of literary and artistic material (poems, riddles, proverbs, sayings), cognitive stories.

3. Selection of classical musical pieces to accompany the creative activities of children.

4. Drawing up a card index of didactic, mobile, finger games.

5. Card file of execution schemes that will help the child in creating creative works.

Expected results:

By the end of the year children know:

Rules for use and safety regulations when working with scissors and other dangerous objects and materials;

Technique and basic techniques of origami, plasticineography, volumetric applications;

Definitions: "application", "collage", "origami", "plasticineography";

About the properties of the materials with which they work (plasticine, paper, artificial materials);

About the culture of some countries (Japan, China);

Rules for the compositional construction of images.

Children are able to:

work with natural and artificial material, creating various compositions;

Correctly and accurately use scissors, various materials;

Use the techniques of various techniques in your work (origami, plasticineography, volumetric appliqué);

Use schemes in the manufacture of crafts;

pick up desired material(by shape, size, structure, color);

To carry out the work independently, to bring the work started to the end;

Be creative in completing tasks;

To see the beauty around you, reflecting it in your work.

Forms for summing up the results of implementation and monitoring the effectiveness of an additional educational program :

1. Control classes - a diagnosis of the child's subjective position in children's activities is carried out.

2. Exhibitions of children's works for parents, children of preschool educational institutions.

3. Decoration of halls preschool work children who are engaged in a circle.

4. Presentation - an independent presentation by the child of his products to adults and peers.

5. Questioning of parents, conversations with children in order to identify opinions and wishes about the work of the circle.

The full version of the work is available.

Additional educational program

mug work

"Press Center"

Age of children for whom the program is designed: 10-17 years

Program implementation period: one year of study with a load of 1 hour per week

Point of implementation of the program: MKOU secondary school No. 3 of the village of Kambulat, Turkmen district of the Stavropol Territory

Program development year: 2015

Introduction.

It is difficult to overestimate the educational potential of the information space of an educational institution: being the most accessible to the child, adapted to his age characteristics, transmitted by people authoritative for the child , emotionally colored, formed with the participation of the child himself and his friends, the information environment of the educational institution becomes a kind of "filter" of those immense information flows that the child encounters in modern society. This means that the information provided to the child in an educational institution may determine one or another interpretation of the events of life around him; to form his evaluative position based on the priority values ​​of the educational process; to form the child's ability to self-determination in the modern information space.

In solving these problems, it is of particular importance own experience child on participation in the formation of the information environment of the educational institution. In the process of their own analytical and informational activity, the child develops ideas about the modern information space, sources and main content blocks of information circulating in it, the conditions and degree of its reliability, goals, social significance, evaluation criteria.

The organizer of the information activities of children in an educational institution is the press center - a specialized amateur children's association.

Attracting children to the publishing business contributes to self-realization, the development of communication skills, and the creative abilities of children.

The "Press Center" circle consists of a group of young correspondents and the Council of the Editorial Board of the school-wide newspaper "Pyatnashka".

The activity of the “Press Center” circle is the editorial office of a school-wide newspaper, where all responsible positions are distributed according to the desire of adolescents and their abilities for a particular job (editor, artist, proofreader, compositor, etc.). During the creation of the newspaper, the theoretical knowledge gained is well strengthened by practice. In addition, notes, interviews and other correspondence of the circle members are sent to the regional newspaper "Rassvet" of the administration of the Turkmen district of the Stavropol Territory and published on the website of the press center of the MKOU secondary school No. 3 " school world(gribanova-ir.narod.ru). The collection of material by young correspondents takes place during various school activities, sports competitions, excursions, hikes, etc.

Explanatory note

This program aims to determine the main tasks, types and forms, content and organization of the work of the children's press center.

Course objective: expansion of the information space of the school

The main objectives of the course are:

organization of a children's association (press center) in an educational institution, as a necessary condition for the formation of a social position, the formation of positive moral qualities, the inner spiritual world and spiritual culture, the realization of the creative abilities of students by familiarizing them with the basics of journalistic skills;

creation of additional space (association of students by interests), in order to actualize the social significance of children's student self-government at school, its development through the school press;

systematic preparation and publication of the information newspaper "Pyatnashka".

The main tasks of training and education listed above, in turn, determine the content and forms of work of the circle.

The program is focused on additional education for children aged 10-17 and is designed for one year of study with a load of 1 hour per week.

The program is aimed at creating conditions for the formation of the ability to practically identify in Everyday life event, collect interesting information, promptly dispose of it in the newspaper genre chosen for the presentation of the material, work with a computer, necessary programs

The principles of the press center:

the principle of democratic communication;

the principle of objective and correct coverage of information;

the principle of a creative approach to the design of newspaper issues;

the principle of efficiency;

the principle of independence.

In the process of studying under this program, members of the circle will receive the following knowledge and skills.

Knowledge:

main genres of the press;

the specifics of creating notes, articles of different genres;

the laws of construction of the number of the school newspaper;

principles of organizing a heading in a newspaper;

features of the speech organization of the school newspaper.

Skills:

logical presentation of the material;

create notes and articles of various genres;

conduct surveys, questioning students, monitor activities;

take an interview and arrange it;

be able to create series of articles on a specific topic;

construct the text correctly.

Methods of training and education:

Verbal (story, conversation, explanation, persuasion, encouragement)

Visual (demonstration of font samples, notes, wall newspaper design).

Practical (collection of material, design of articles, newspapers)

Analytical (observation, comparison, self-control, introspection).

Means of training and education:

Material (posters, tables)

Technical (computer, printer, scanner, camera).

Types of activities of students:

theoretical classes

creative workshop

work with the press

work with reference literature

questioning

sociological survey

excursions

meetings with journalists

participation in school, city, republican, all-Russian competitions

issue of the school newspaper "Pyatnashka"

Organizational structure of the press center
The supreme governing body of the press center is the general meeting of its members.
The exclusive powers of the Assembly include:
- adoption of the Charter, introduction of amendments and additions to it,
- election of the (chief) editor of the newspaper and assistant (chief) editor,
- determination of the main directions of activity, generation of ideas for the next issue of the newspaper and leaflets; work with the website of the press center "School World" (gribanova-ir.narod.ru)

The decision of the meeting is taken by a simple majority of votes of those present by open or closed voting.

The school press center is an open structure.

Thematic blocks classes involve training members of the press center in the following areas:

♦ journalism ( various styles forms and methods of collecting, presenting information);

♦ the art of design and modeling in print and the possibilities of computer design;

♦ selection and editing of materials;

♦ photo correspondence;

♦ study of public opinion (sociology).

Thematic work plan and the main content of the circle program

Expected Result

be able to collect, process, analyze information and create journalistic works of various genres (interviews; reports, notes);

to master the initial skills of handling available technical equipment;

get acquainted with the basics of computer literacy, gain skills in typing on a computer, working with office applications;

plan, edit, correct, make up newspapers;

be oriented towards creativity in any kind of journalistic activity and be able to organize and conduct business and role-playing games;

know the peculiarities of the profession of a journalist, the ethics of behavior, rights and obligations;

know the types of information, methods of collecting information (observations, work with documents, interviews, conversations, surveys, questionnaires);

be able to compose questions for conversation, survey, questioning; write a newspaper article, a report;

compose a photo report.

At the end of the training, each student will prepare at least 2 educational materials for each genre, act as an organizer for the collection or design of material in one of the selected areas.

Development prospects

Participation of members of the circle in promoting the work of the press center and its website.

Organization of the regular publication of the school newspaper.

Systematic work with the website of the press center "School World"

Transfer of accumulated experience to children who wish to take part in the work of the press center.

Creation of a school chronicle.

Coverage of the work of the press center in the media.

Dissemination of experience among schools of the district, region.

Participation in creative competitions of DER and computer graphics.

Calendar - thematic plan circle "Press Center"

School newspaper release schedule"Fifteen"

Press Center Relationship Diagram

Website of the press center "School World"

and the school newspaper "Pyatnashka"

Parents, the community of the village

rural library

Governing Council of MKOU "Kambulatskaya secondary school"

Press center

Administration, teachers, school specialists

Press centers of district schools

District newspaper "Rassvet"

Information sources

Tsvetkova I.V. School social success: Development of education in the system of additional education. Toolkit for specialists of institutions of additional education. - M.: State Research Institute of Family and Education, 2002. -84p.

Prutchenkov A.S. We teach and learn while playing (Game technology for the economic education of schoolchildren). -M.: MPA. 1997. -320s.

Professional Ethics of a Journalist: Documents and reference materials. - M.: Galeria, 2002.- 472 p.

Russian media system: Tutorial for universities / Ed. Ya. N. Zasursky. - M.: Aspect press, 2001. - 159 p.

Tertychny A.A. Genres of periodicals: Textbook. - M.: Aspect press, 2000. - 312 p.

Elena Vovk. “School wall newspaper and publishing technologies at school / Tab in “BSh” No. 13, 15, 16. 2004

Korkonosenko S.G. Fundamentals of journalism. Moscow. 2002.

Prokhorov E.P. Introduction to the theory of journalism: Textbook. M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1995.

Gorokhov V. Fundamentals of journalistic skills. M., 1989.

Zvik VL Introduction to journalism. Tutorial

Fedotov M.A. Legal foundations of journalism. - M.

M. Miroshnichenko. ABC of journalism.

Socio-pedagogical program of the basic youth association of the “New Day” program. Authors Kosarev A.N., Chernyaeva V.I. Samara. 1999

Pre-profile training program for Lepilkina O.I., Umnova E.Yu. etc. “The ABC of journalism”

Rukhlenko N.M. Organization of the work of the circle of young correspondents.//The practice of administrative work at school. No. 6. 2005

Internet resources

SagmanS. Microsoft Office 2000. - M.: DMKPress, 2002. - 672 p.: ill. (Series “Tutorial”).

INIn the process of learning, students gain knowledge about the simplest patterns of the structure of the form, about linear and aerial perspective, color science, composition, decorative stylization of forms, the rules of modeling, drawing, application, as well as about the most outstanding masters of fine art, the beauty of nature and human feelings.

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Explanatory note

The program of the circle "Rainbow" is a program of artistic and creative orientation, it assumes a circle level of mastering knowledge and practical skills, in terms of functional purpose - educational and cognitive, in terms of implementation time - long-term (4 years of study).

The program is aimed at introducing children to creativity through work and art. Whole line special tasks for observation, comparison, conjecture, fantasizing serve to achieve this.

Program noveltyconsists in the fact that in the process of learning, students gain knowledge about the simplest patterns of the structure of the form, about linear and aerial perspective, color science, composition, decorative stylization of forms, the rules of modeling, drawing, application, as well as about the most outstanding masters of fine arts, the beauty of nature and human feelings.

Relevance of the programin that it is aimed at developing the aesthetic qualities of the child; this activity interests him in the field of art, develops his creative abilities.

Also, the relevance of the program is due to the fact that there is a convergence of the content of the program with the requirements of life. There is a need for new approaches to teaching aesthetic arts capable of solving modern problems of creative perception and development of the individual as a whole.

In the system of aesthetic, creative education of the younger generation, a special role belongs to the fine arts. The ability to see and understand the beauty of the surrounding world, contributes to the education of a culture of feelings, the development of artistic and aesthetic taste, labor and creative activity, brings up purposefulness, perseverance, a sense of mutual assistance, and makes it possible for the creative self-realization of the individual.

Fine art classes are an effective means of introducing children to the study folk traditions. Pupils demonstrate their knowledge, skills and abilities to their peers by exhibiting their work.

The program of the circle "Rainbow" is designed and developed for children elementary school(grades 1-4) from 7 to 11 years. This program is suitable for children of all skill levels.

The program of the circle involves large volume creative activity associated with the observation of the surrounding life. Classes in artistic and practical and decorative and applied activities, acquaintance with works of art solve not only private tasks of artistic education, but also more global ones - they develop the intellectual and creative potential of the child. Practical activities the child is aimed at reflecting his vision of the world around him using artistic means accessible to his age.

The main activities of students in these classes are: artistic perception, informational familiarization, visual activity, artistic communication (reasoning about what he saw, the selection of literary works, the performance of poetic works thematically related to the material being studied, listening to and performing musical works), i.e. the use of the entire volume of artistic and creative experience of a younger student in the lessons of the Russian language, literary reading, fine arts and artistic work, music, and the further accumulation of this experience.

In the classroom, types are actively used artistic activity: sketches, illustrations, sketches of ornaments, selection of colors, elements of jewelry are being made.

On the eve of each holiday, an exhibition of children's works is held: New Year cards, carnival masks, drawings. The exhibition is constantly updated, which allows students to experience the joy and sense of success from the work done.

The program is designed for 128 hours:

• 1 year - 28 hours (1 hour per week);
• Year 2 - 33 hours (1 hour per week);
• 3 years - 33 hours (1 hour per week);
• 4 years - 33 hours (1 hour per week).

The duration of 1 lesson is 1 hour.

Target: disclosure of the creative potential of the child artistically - graphic and decorative and applied means.

Tasks:

• Develop imagination, fantasy, artistic taste;
• to expand the methods of cognition of the surrounding reality;
• to form the culture of the personality of the child in all manifestations;
• to educate moral and aesthetic feelings, emotionally-valuable positive attitude towards oneself and the world around.
• to introduce children to the observation of the surrounding reality through the types of arts and crafts and design, to develop the most important abilities.
• To help schoolchildren see the activities of the artist in the house, on the street, in public places.
• Learn to work individually and in a team.

The principle of building a program

The classes provide for activities that create conditions for the creative development of pupils at various age stages and take into account a differentiated approach, depending on the degree of giftedness and age of the pupils. Program stages:

• introductory - 1 year of study for students aged 6-7 years;
• developing - 2 years of study for students aged 8-10;
• research - 1 year of study for students aged 10-11 years.

The main didactic principles of the program are: accessibility and visibility, consistency and systematic training and education, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children. For example, in the first year group, children perform creative tasks, in the group of the second year - too, but on a more complex creative and technical level, honing their skills, correcting mistakes. Studying according to the program, children go from simple to complex, taking into account the return to the material covered at a new, more complex creative level.

Forms of classes

One of the main conditions for the success of training and the development of students' creativity is individual approach to every child. The principle of training and education in a team is also important. It involves a combination of collective, group, individual forms of organization in the classroom. Collective tasks are introduced into the program in order to form the experience of communication and a sense of collectivism. The results of the collective artistic work of students are used in the design of classrooms, events, corridors. In addition, the artworks made in the classroom are used as gifts for relatives and friends. The social status of the results of the artistic activity of schoolchildren has great importance in the educational process.

Methods

For the qualitative development of the creative activity of young artists, the program provides for:

Students are given the opportunity to choose an art form, artistic means expressiveness. They gain experience in artistic activity in graphics, painting. In any case, you need a "golden mean". If you develop only imagination in a child or teach only to copy, without linking these tasks with the competent performance of work, then, in the end, drive the student into a dead end. Therefore, the rules of drawing are traditionally combined with fantasy elements.

Theoretical knowledge in all sections of the program is given in the very first lessons, and then consolidated in practical work.

Practical classes and the development of artistic perception are presented in the program in their meaningful unity. Methods such as reproductive (reproducing); illustrative (the explanation is accompanied by a demonstration of visual material); problematic (the teacher poses a problem and, together with the children, looks for ways to solve it); heuristic (the problem is formulated by children, and they offer ways to solve it).

Among the methods are such as conversation, explanation, lecture, game, competitions, exhibitions, holidays, experiments, as well as group, combined, purely practical exercises. Some classes take the form independent work where independent creativity is encouraged. The independent work also includes the final work based on the results of passing each block, half a year and a year. At the beginning of each lesson, a few minutes are allotted for a theoretical conversation, the lesson ends with a review of the works and their discussion.

Educational and thematic plan(1 year of study)

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