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Plants with poisonous and edible berries and fruits. inedible berries

Russian forest! You cannot find other landscapes so rich in colors, tones, shades, as the forests of Russia. Proverbs, riddles are composed about the Russian forest, songs and poems are dedicated to it. How many works are dedicated to him by Russian artists and writers.

Its importance in human life cannot be underestimated. Forests protect water bodies from shallowing, fields from drying out. The forest is a rest from the noise and dust of city streets, coolness in the summer heat.

In addition, our forests are rich medicinal plants, mushrooms, berries. Residents of cities and towns in the season of collecting wild plants rush to forest glades, clearings.

But in addition to a wonderful pastime, nature is constantly testing a person. It is not enough to love her, admire her. It should be well known and understood. After all, many people know about cases of poisoning due to accidental consumption of poisonous substances. edible plants.

In order not to spoil your mood, not to harm your health, let's talk today about forest plants with inedible fruits. Although the harvest season for most berries and fruits has already passed, this topic is very important. The winter months will quickly fly by, spring will end, summer will come, and we will again go to the forest for berries. But next time we will be more careful, we will learn to distinguish healthy edible forest fruits from poisonous ones. This is especially important for our children.

So, consider the most common forest plants with non-edible fruits in our forests:

hemlock spotted. The plant is one of the most toxic. The root of the hemlock is very similar in appearance to the root of horseradish. The smell is also very similar. The leaves of the plant look like leaves parsley, the seeds are sometimes mistaken for anise fruits.

The plant prefers to settle in wastelands, along roads, in forest ravines, in glades. Often it can be found in gardens, orchards. Hemlock contains toxic alkaloids, especially the coniine contained in the plant is especially dangerous.

Milestone poisonous (hemlock). The plant smells deliciously of carrots, however, the taste is the same. Its tubers look like turnips or turnips. The plant is large, its tubular stems can reach one and a half meters in height. Milestone poisonous grows along the banks of reservoirs, rivers, lakes, found in swampy meadows. And it can grow right in the water.

The plant is poisonous. It contains the strongest nerve poison - cicutotoxin.

Wolf's bast (daphne, wolfberry, wolfberry)- one of the most dangerous plants Russian forest. Moreover, the berries of this shrub are especially poisonous. But when in April low shrub Daphne will bloom, you will admire! One wants to inhale the aroma of fragrant scarlet flowers, the smell of which resembles lilacs.

But the aroma is so capable of intoxicating that you can forget the way home! Thistle grows in a leafless forest, in clearings brightly lit by the sun.

The plant is poisonous without exception. Its bark contains the poisonous yellowish resin meserein. But the berries of the wolf's bast are the most dangerous.

Ten to fifteen pieces of berries eaten is a lethal dose for a person. In addition to meserein, the berries contain coccognin, which can cause very serious poisoning.

If a person is poisoned, he has a spasm, his pupils are dilated, he has lost consciousness, you should immediately clean his stomach, give him ice water to drink. After vomiting, solder with jelly, a decoction of flaxseed. After that, the patient should be urgently taken to the hospital.

It is children who most often suffer from wolf's bark. Out of ignorance, the berries can easily be mistaken for red currants. Therefore, explain to the children that berries are inedible, dangerous, and red currants do not grow in our forests.

May lily of the valley. A wonderful pretty plant is actively used in medicine. Drops prepared from the plant soothe, strengthen the heart. But lily of the valley is also a poisonous plant. Especially dangerous are its inedible red fruits, which are often seen in the August forest.

The plant has an intoxicating smell, as if warning: dangerous, do not come near.

raven eye- the grass is a close relative of the lily of the valley. The name of the plant was due to the black shiny berry at the tip of the stem. Always one fruit per whole low bush, black in color with a bluish veil.

Of course, the fruit of the plant is inedible. The plant contains the poisonous saponin parastiphin. The fruit damages the heart, the leaves have an antispasmodic effect, the root can cause vomiting.

Naturally, contact with the plant is unacceptable! Show it to the children, explain that the plant is very dangerous.

Voronets its appearance resembles an elderberry. The whole plant has toxic properties. The fruits of the crow are black or red, hanging in small tassels. They are inedible and can cause severe poisoning.

Walking through the forest, breathing in the fresh forest air, do not lose vigilance. Forest plants with inedible fruits can cause serious harm to health.

In addition to those listed, there are also fruits of the marsh calla (they are red, similar to the cob), bought officinalis with dark blue fruits, bittersweet nightshade growing between shrubs.

Be careful, protect children from contact with unfamiliar plants. Teach them to identify plants with inedible fruits. Remember, whoever can distinguish them is out of danger in the forest.

Svetlana,

You have read the answer to the question Forest plants with inedible fruits, and if you liked the material, then write it down in your bookmarks - » Forest plants with inedible fruits? .

In our Russian forests there are many herbaceous plants, shrubs, trees, the fruits of which are edible and useful. When collecting them, care must be taken, because in addition to numerous edible plants, deadly, poisonous ones are often found. Of course, it is impossible to know "in person" all of them, but everyone needs to learn to recognize them. We have already talked about Inedible Forest Plants, but more often you can find forest plants with edible fruits. In addition, they are still “In sowing peas, the yellow color of the seeds dominates over the green, the convex shape of the fruit - over the fruits with a constriction. When crossing a plant with yellow convex fruits with a plant with yellow seeds and fruits with a constriction, 63 plants with yellow seeds and convex fruits were obtained, 58 with yellow seeds and fruits with a constriction, 18 with green seeds and convex fruits and 20 - with green seeds and fruits with constriction. Make up Plants reproduce in many ways, and often without seeds. In single-celled plants such as algae, asexual reproduction occurs, that is, male and female cells are not needed to create a new life. Even in complex plant life, there is such a method of reproduction when exactly the same, but a new plant is created. From the trunk of the parent plant or from its roots, new plants often grow. They get food and water through the shoots until then. Could forest fires be useful? There is no definite answer to this question. Many will answer: they kill a lot of forest animals, threaten people's lives. And they will be right in this. But, looking at the situation from the other side, we will see that fires can be very useful for the forest itself. In pine forests where the climate is warm, fire is a common occurrence. Fires arose in ancient times, and the forests were ready for them, they even partly from them Ampelous are ornamental plants with hanging or curly long shoots. Among them are houseplants and garden plants decorative leaves, beautiful flowers, light-loving and shade-tolerant. grown ampelous plants in decorative flowerpots, cache-pots, pots. For climbing plants A support is needed on which they could grow up. For this purpose, various stands, grids, gratings are used. Such plants are mainly used to divide space into zones or vertical gardening terraces.

Discussion is closed.

The forest always attracts a person with its beauty. He served people as shelter, gave food, protected from dangers. Today, people no longer need to protect the forest. He comes under his roof to recharge his batteries and stock up on vitamins, which give forest riches in abundance. A plant with edible fruits can be found in any corner of the green massif.

However, the forest can be fraught with many dangers. This refers not only to wild animals, but also which can be quite difficult to distinguish from medicinal or simply edible ones. It is important to know them by sight in order to minimize the risk of error. In nature, forest berries are in sufficient quantities. A plant with edible fruits - the names and special characteristics of the most common berries in our latitudes are presented below - you need to be able to distinguish.

Blackberry - forest berries

A plant with edible fruits (there are wild and cultivated plantings) can often be confused with poisonous ones. However, this is not to be said about the blackberry. This shrub is known even to children due to its special fruits. Outwardly, they are very similar to raspberries, but differ in color and slightly exceed their size. The color of blackberries is black, with a bluish bloom, which cannot be confused with other berries. Blackberries ripen from August to September.

The distribution area of ​​this shrub is quite large. He prefers places on the banks of rivers, fields and water meadows, which are in abundance throughout the European territory of Russia, in Western Siberia, in the Caucasus and in Central Asia.

Dogwood

The berries of this plant, common in Russia, the Crimea and the Caucasus, have long been famous for their useful properties. Therefore, in this case the question does not arise which berries to bypass, and which ones to eat. Forest (a plant with edible fruits of this berry successfully grows on garden plots) dogwood thickets are especially pleasing to those who collect whole buckets of a unique product during the season for fresh consumption and for seaming for the winter. Its juicy fruits reach a size of three centimeters and have a cylindrical pear-shaped or oval shape. These sweet and sour tart fruits of red, yellow or ruby ​​​​color cannot be confused with any others. The ripening process of berries occurs from August to October. The astringent taste of fully ripe fruits is slightly reduced compared to unripe ones.

Cranberry

This low shrub with dark green leaves prefers to grow in swamps, so it can almost always be found in the forest or tundra zone of Russia. Cranberries - what are they? Forest. A plant with edible fruits, so loved in the Russian outback, almost always grows only in the wild. Coming to the forest, you can safely enjoy cranberries, because it is not at all difficult to distinguish these useful berries from other forest plants. First of all, these colors do not hide under the leaves, so it will be quite easy to notice and find them. The fruits ripen in September, but you can take your time with the collection of these berries. They have the ability to survive under the snow, moreover, many connoisseurs claim that overwintered berries are much sweeter. Autumn berries are harder than those found immediately after the snow has melted. The only drawback of spring picking berries is that they cannot be stored for a long time.

black elderberry

This plant was able to spread widely in our latitudes, namely throughout the European part of Russia, in Ukraine, in Belarus, and also in the Caucasus. After all, it is in these regions that fertile lands are ideal for this shrub. Ideal conditions For black elderberry are deciduous forests, although sometimes it can be found mixed with conifers. You need to look for black elderberry bushes on the edges or in the undergrowth.

There are several varieties of elderberry, so it is important to know exactly what can be harvested, what forest berries? A plant with edible elderberry fruits is not much different from those species that need to be avoided. The main difference between useful black elderberry and its close relative - red elderberry - is in the color of the fruit. The berries of the poisonous plant are deep red, while the edible fruits are black with a purple tint, with juicy red-violet flesh.

Black elderberry berries are very small, but they are collected in large clusters. Their ripening period is August and September, but they remain on the branches until the leaves fall.

Cloudberry

This type of plant is herbaceous. Its favorite place of growth is peat bogs and swampy forests, so cloudberries can be found in the forests of Russia, Siberia and the Far East.

How to distinguish from many other forest fruits? It is a composite drupe that becomes amber-yellow after ripening. At the beginning of the ripening period, cloudberries may have a reddish color. There are many fans of the sour-spicy, vinous taste of these berries.

Cowberry

Near cloudberry berries, you can often find other forest berries, a plant with edible fruits - lingonberries. This evergreen shrub with branched stems is small, but its thickets can stretch for several kilometers.

The fruits of this plant are small, have a round shape and are painted in a bright, rich red color. Like most forest plants, they ripen in August and September.

Most often, lingonberries can be found in spruce and although it is also found in deciduous, and even tundra. Its distribution area is almost the entire territory of Russia.

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In the Caucasus and Western Siberia, you can find other, unique forest fruits. A plant with edible fruits, its name is sloe, or blackthorn. Its dense, thorny, impenetrable thickets can be found in ravines, on forest edges, near rivers and along roads.

Blackthorn berries are quite small. They have a round shape, belong to single-bones. The color of the fruit is dark blue, with a wax coating. The tart-sour blackthorn berries ripen quite late - in August and September, besides, they stay on the branches until spring. After the onset of the first frost, blackthorn berries lose their astringency. Blackthorn is very prolific.

Blueberries - favorite forest berries

A plant with edible fruits, blueberries, is considered native Russian. The fact is that almost all the world's reserves of this useful berry grow in Russia. Most often, this shrub can be found in the North, the Far East, although it is sometimes found in the Baltic countries, Ukraine and the Caucasus. Blueberries are able to form continuous wastelands in which there is no place for a tree layer. Dark blue blueberries have a waxy coating. Very often this plant is confused with its close relative - blueberries. Their appearance- fruits and leaves are really very similar, however, the taste of the fruits of these plants is significantly different.

One of the riches of our nature - A plant with edible fruits can replenish the diet, tasty and healthy berries you can enjoy while hiking in the forest. They will help satisfy hunger and saturate the body with vitamins. Some plants - strawberries, raspberries, wild roses - are not named in the list, because they are known to everyone since childhood, and they are often grown in household plots.

Do you want to teach your child to understand wild berries? This question is especially relevant in summer-autumn season when your child is resting in the country, in the camp, with his grandmother in the village. Of course, today publications produce a lot of all kinds of reference books, but it can be too difficult to put a child behind a book. Whether business a computer! We hope that our short informational article will help you find out the main signs of poisonous and edible berries.

By the way, this information will also be useful to parents, many of whom are not great connoisseurs of the gifts of the forest. After reading the article, you can go to the forest. After all, it is there that you can use the most effective way learning. Find the living in the forest visual aids". Show the baby a berry and tell everything you know about it. Children have great memories! Explain which berries grow in our forests and which do not. Show your child plants that should not be touched at all. We are sure that after several similar lessons, your little one will never put a poisonous berry in a basket.

What edible berries grow in the forest: description and photo

20 edible wild berries

Poisonous berries in the forest: how to teach a child to distinguish between inedible and edible berries?

I poisonous forest berries: distinctive signs and symptoms of poisoning

Chairman of the regional branch of the Russian Geographical Society I.V. Pantyushov:

Some berries are quite difficult to distinguish. Edible ones are rich in nutrients, have a sweet and sour taste, but often look like poisonous ones. Usually, edible berries attract birds and animals, so if you see a large number of pecked berries, seeds, peel residues under bushes and trees, then most likely the berry is edible. But this is not a 100% guarantee. Especially poisonous are the berries of small ovoid-spherical shape, which attract attention with their beauty. Often they are slightly flattened laterally. Unlike edible berries, poisonous berries are usually bitter, tart, or astringent in taste. However, it is worth remembering that some fruits are poisonous to such an extent that 3-5 berries are a lethal dose, so you should never try them. Therefore, I advise you to simply walk past an unfamiliar bush or tree with dubious berries.

Reminder for parents

• Do not pick or eat berries that you see for the first time.
• Do not leave children unattended in the forest.
• When going into the forest, be sure to take a first aid kit with drugs that will help provide first aid in case of poisoning with berries.

First aid for a child with berry poisoning: how to help the victim?

• Urgently wash the stomach. To do this, you can use a 2% soda solution. If there is no soda, give a few glasses of ordinary drinking water to drink.
• Accept Activated carbon- 1 tablet per 10 kg. weight.
• Accept any available adsorbent - "Smektu", "Polysorb", etc.
• Give milk, egg white to drink, vegetable oil or any other enveloping agent.
• To relieve pain, you can give an Anestezin or Dikain tablet.
• Fill the loss of fluid with Hydrovit or Regidron solutions.

After providing first aid, try to take the patient to the nearest hospital or first-aid post.

Forest berries are much healthier than cultivated berries. Wild berries grow in nature, are not treated with drugs, do not contain radionuclides and heavy metals. Wild forest berries give a full range of minerals, vitamins and other useful elements. However, in the forest you can find not only, but also inedible berries. Let's take a closer look at which berries are inedible and why it is better not to eat such wild berries.

Juniper berries are inedible, and Cossack juniper berries can be very seriously poisoned

Juniper - inedible berry

• Common juniper- an evergreen large shrub or small tree up to 3 m high. The trunk is covered with grayish-brown flaky bark. The leaves are needle-shaped, linear-subulate, prickly, strongly spaced and collected in whorls of three. Flowers - in the form of a dioecious cone, blooms in June. The fruits are a juicy cone-berry, in the first year of life they are green and ovoid, and in the second year they are black-blue, spherical, with a shiny wax coating, equipped with a three-beam groove at the top. The size of the cone is 7-9 mm. Its pulp contains 2-3 greenish-brown trihedral seeds that ripen in the autumn of the second year. Grows in soils with moderate to high humidity, prefers coniferous, especially compound forests, found in clearings, clearings, edges and forest clearings.
• Juniper Dahurian- a less common species, found in small groups or singly in some areas of the Khabarovsk Territory. It grows on rocky slopes, placers and rocks.
• Siberian juniper is a densely branching shrub up to 1 m high with shortened internodes, due to which the whorls of leaves are much closer together. The leaves are shorter and broader and pressed against the branches. The cones are larger and have a more pronounced bluish tint.
• Juniper Cossack- a widespread shrub with very thin branches of the last order. The bark is reddish-gray, the leaves are rhombic, "tightly adjacent to the branches and to each other, they have a hole on the convex side. The fruits are round-oval, up to 7 mm in diameter, brownish with a bluish bloom, contain 2-6 seeds inside. Poisonous!

Juniper berries are inedible

Juniper berries (cones) are not used for food, but are used in Food Industry in the manufacture of fruit drinks, sweets, gingerbread, beer and some alcoholic beverages, and needles and fruits - for smoking meat products. Special care should be taken with Cossack juniper, since all parts of the plant are poisonous due to the content of a significant amount of poisonous sabin oil. Even small doses of this plant, taken orally, cause vomiting, diarrhea, and large ones cause damage to the kidneys, central nervous system(loss of consciousness, convulsions, paralysis). Possible fatal outcome.

Juniper as a medicinal plant

Juniper belongs to strong medicines and has long been used in traditional medicine for a wide variety of diseases. Juniper was used for edema, diseases of the kidneys, bladder, cholelithiasis and nephrolithiasis, malaria, gout, rheumatism, stomach diseases, pulmonary diseases (tuberculosis, bronchitis), and some skin lesions. In places where juniper grows, as noted, the air is especially clean and healing, and this is due to the fact that the plant emits strong phytoncides.

IN modern medicine juniper fruits are used as an antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and disinfectant, diuretic, diaphoretic, analgesic, stone-dissolving, choleretic, expectorant, digestive aid.

Harvesting of juniper cones is carried out in autumn during the period of full ripening by knocking down or shaking off on a tarpaulin spread under a bush. The fruits are sorted, slightly dried on outdoors and dried in attics, in sheds or under a canopy. During drying, they must be stirred frequently. It is impossible to dry in ovens or dryers, because with rapid drying, the berries lose their medicinal properties.

Elderberries - not poisonous, however - inedible

Elderberry red - inedible berry

Elderberry - herbaceous, shrubby, woody plants growing in temperate and subtropical zones. There are about 40 species. In Russia, 11 species grow, in particular Siberian red elderberry - medicinal and ornamental plant. It is a shrub with a height of 1.5 to 5 m. They are found in sparse, coniferous and mixed forests with sufficiently moist soil, along the edges, shady slopes of ravines and river banks. The bark of the branches is grayish-brown. The leaves are opposite, unequal-pinnate, compound, with 2-3 pairs of leaflets. In spring, the leaves become purple hue due to the high anthocyanin content. The flowers are small, greenish at first, later yellowish-white, collected in large panicle inflorescences sticking up.

Red elderberry berries are inedible

The fruits of red elderberry are bright red, fleshy in the form of berries with fleshy pulp and yellowish seeds. Leaves, bark and flowers have an unpleasant smell, and the berries are unpleasant in taste. The berries are not poisonous, but they are not suitable for human consumption, although they are readily eaten by birds.

Elderberry as a medicinal plant

In official medicine, elderberry has not yet found application, but in folk medicine it is used to obtain an analgesic, diaphoretic, antitussive, emetic, diuretic, laxative effect.

Buckthorn berries are inedible, but buckthorn bark has medicinal properties

Buckthorn - inedible berry

Buckthorn - a plant in the form of a tree or shrub up to 4.5-5 meters high. It is found in forest clearings and clearings, loves wet places next to alder. Flowering begins in May - June and blooms all summer until September. Therefore, on one bush or buckthorn tree, you can see flowers, flower buds, green, red and black berries at the same time. Having met such a plant in the forest, even an ignorant person will immediately understand that this is a buckthorn.

Buckthorn berries are inedible

Buckthorn berries are inedible for humans, no one collects them, and they all remain for seeds. But buckthorn berries are a delicacy for a bear, devouring them in large quantities. Willingly eat buckthorn berries and birds. They are the sowers of buckthorn in the forest. Many consider buckthorn fruits to be poisonous, this is due to their strong emetic and laxative effect.

Buckthorn as a medicinal plant

In addition, the bark has medicinal properties and is used in medicine. In medicine, a decoction or extract from buckthorn bark is used as a good laxative for spasmodic colitis and atonic constipation, for regulating intestinal activity, for hemorrhoids, rectal fissures, etc. Buckthorn bark is part of the gastric and laxative tea.

The bark is harvested in May - June, during the sap flow. IN medicinal purposes it is forbidden to use fresh and freshly dried bark, which can cause harmful effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Fit for therapeutic use the bark is considered after one or two years of storage.

The bark and berries of buckthorn are of economic and industrial importance. In industry, buckthorn berry juice was previously used to make yellow and green watercolors. Due to the significant content of tanides in the bark, it is used for tanning leather.

First aid for berry poisoning

The very first aid in case of poisoning with poisonous or inedible berries is to stimulate vomiting - this procedure will free the stomach from poisonous contents. To do this, the victim needs to be given 2-4 glasses of water (activated charcoal can be added to it - 2 tablespoons per 500 ml, salt - 1 teaspoon per 500 ml or potassium permanganate). The procedure will have to be carried out several times. In the presence of medicines it is recommended to give the patient activated charcoal, tannin, as well as any laxative and cardiac remedy. In the presence of seizures will have to use chloral hydrate. If there is no first aid kit, you can give the patient black crackers, starch solution or milk. It does not hurt to also do an enema (if possible). The victim must be wrapped warmly and taken to the doctor.

Poisonous berries in pictures

Milestones - perennial umbrella families. The hemlock has a hollow stem, from which petioles come, covered with bipinnate leaves. Inflorescences of 5 petals are small, white or yellow flowers. This is one of the most poisonous plants that can be found in the forest. The highest concentration of cicutoxin poison is found in the root of the plant.

Symptoms of poisoning: nausea, colic in the lower abdomen, vomiting, dizziness. Longer poisoning is accompanied by a flow of foam from the patient's mouth, dizziness, convulsions, paralysis of the limbs and death.

Treatment: immediate gastric lavage boiled water with activated carbon powder.

Hemlock from the umbrella family

Hemlock reaches a height of 2 m. In the upper part of the stem is strongly branched and covered with a blue bloom, in the lower part purple spots can be found. At the base of the umbrellas there are 5 leaves-wrappers. Inflorescences are small, white, consisting of 5 petals bent back. In the forest such poisonous plants, like hemlock, are common, and the danger of being poisoned by them is great. The poison coniin contained in the plant causes paralysis of the respiratory muscle.

Symptoms of poisoning: dizziness, nausea, impaired swallowing function, loss of speech, paralysis of the limbs, dilated pupils, suffocation. A rash appears on contact with the skin.

First aid: gastric lavage with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Ingestion of activated charcoal powder and milk. When breathing stops, give artificial respiration.

Common wolfberry (wolf bast, wolfberry)

Wolf's bast is a shrub with a height of 50 to 150 cm. Dark pink flowers look like lilacs. Narrow, long leaves, bluish below, grow at the ends of the shoots. In autumn, the wolf's bast bears fruit with bright red and orange berries. It is one of the few poisonous plants in the forest that can cause poisoning on contact with their fruits, flowers, leaves, and even bark.

Symptoms of poisoning: irritation of the respiratory tract, burning in the oral cavity, pain in the pit of the stomach, weakness, nausea, vomiting, convulsions.

First aid: gastric lavage with salted water. Then you can drink activated charcoal. In case of skin contact, wash the affected area.

Nightshade black

Black nightshade is also found among poisonous plants in the forest. It has a branched stem, oval pointed leaves and small white, bell-like flowers. The fruits are round black berries that ripen by the end of summer. They can be eaten. But unripe fruits are poisonous.

Signs of poisoning: rapid pulse, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting.

First aid: gastric lavage with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

If you are poisoned by poisonous plants in the forest, After giving first aid, be sure to go to the hospital!

It is very important to teach children to identify poisonous plants, otherwise a child may return from a walk with a poisoned bouquet, or even swallow poisonous berries. The same applies to mushrooms: it is important to distinguish where the edible mushroom is and where. Children must remember important rule: not one hundred percent sure that a berry or mushroom is edible - do not touch it.