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We build a porch for a private house: several convenient ways. Porch to the house: components, drawings and designs, choice of materials, construction Small porch

If you built a wooden house on your site, then it would be an absolutely logical decision to build a porch to a wooden house with your own hands. Despite the seeming complexity, this task is by no means so impossible, and will be within the power of almost every master with a head and hands.

In addition to the aesthetic load than nice porch First of all, it is noteworthy that this element of the facade has specific functional purposes:

• Protection of the entrance to the house from precipitation in the form of rain, snow and hail;
• Creating a canopy that creates a comfortable shade and protects the canopy from heat and heat in the warm season;
• It is possible to create a recreation area, in the case of arranging a large porch in the form of a veranda.
• Well, and most importantly, this is a flight of stairs along which we will climb to our cozy home.

Therefore, before picking up a hammer and a chisel, you need to think carefully about the above, and take into account all the nuances, making the necessary amendments to the construction plan.

Proportions and dimensions

We think that it is not a secret for anyone that from time immemorial man has been constructing residential buildings, taking as a basis the dimensions human body and his psychological perception of the surrounding space. An exception is not the porch, which must meet certain requirements of human physiology.

All the following dimensions are generally accepted, and are used everywhere in construction. You, if necessary, are free to change the main proportions, according to your preferences and requirements, but do not forget about the reliability of the design.

Now let's take a closer look:

• To create a free approach to the door, you need to provide an open space that will allow you to open the door without interfering with the person standing in front of it;
• If you focus on building codes, then the width of the porch in front of a single-leaf door should not be less than 1m 60 cm - this value is the minimum;
• For a double-leaf version of the door leaf - the norm regulates a distance of 2 meters;
• The distance from the doorway to the first step starts at 1 meter: this value should be adjusted, looking at the width of the doorway - the wider, the greater the distance;
• To protect the steps and platform from the effects of direct sun rays and precipitation, the length of the canopy at the porch should go beyond the boundaries of these elements. Usually leave a protrusion equal to 30 centimeters.

Now, with regard to human physiology. There are also certain laws, derived in specific formulas and values:

• The average step length for an adult is about 63 cm. Based on this, the optimal values ​​​​of the height and depth of the steps are derived. They are 16 -19 cm and 25 - 33 cm, respectively;
• If nature has endowed you with non-standard dimensions, then when designing a porch, you can use the formula shown in the picture above. Its essence is that in the width of your step two heights and one depth of steps should proportionally fit. In this case, the height should be one and a half to two times less than the depth.
• The flight of the step cover from the riser should not be more than five centimeters, otherwise, when walking, you will constantly stumble on them, risking injury, especially in winter, when the surface of the stairs is covered with a layer of ice or frost.

Advice! Of course, the best way to protect yourself from winter is to attach an enclosed porch to a wooden house, but this is not always feasible. Therefore, take care of the device in advance anti-slip coating, and clean the ice from the steps in time.

To provide safe movement up the stairs to winter time year and not only, it is required to equip the passage with handrails. The instruction regulates that any staircase with three or more steps should have this element.

The standard height of the handrails varies from 80 to 90 centimeters.

The following requirement is mandatory in design, but is far from always feasible in practice when building a porch with your own hands - a person moves in space so that when climbing a flight of stairs, he starts and finishes it with one foot. Therefore, the correct staircase should consist of an odd number of steps (in apartment buildings with a floor height of 2.5 meters, the number of steps in the march is 9).

What else to consider before you start building a porch wooden house?

The level of the platform in front of the door should be 5 or even 10 centimeters below the border of the door leaf. Otherwise, you risk that as a result of seasonal soil fluctuations, the raised porch will block the door and prevent it from opening freely.

Foundation and place under it

Like any other construction, the construction of a porch begins with a foundation. You must check all dimensions and heights at the design stage - ideally, you should have a full-fledged drawing. If you do not have enough skill in carrying out such work, then we recommend that you involve a third-party specialist who will cope with such a simple task for him in a very short time.

Advice! It is better to be an inexperienced builder with the right blueprint than a jack-of-all-trades with little idea of ​​the final result.

The designer will indicate in the drawings the complete scheme of the porch along with the foundation. It will determine the type of soil and issue necessary recommendations so that the design is reliable and lasts as long as possible.

Among other data, the depth of soil freezing will also be indicated (this is extremely important information when building a foundation), below which you will need to dig trenches for the foundation, or drill wells. If you refused the services of a professional, then you will have to look for this data on the “network”, where the limit values ​​\u200b\u200bare posted for each of the regions of our vast country.

The foundation for a wooden porch can be of three types:

• Wooden piles- the most common, inexpensive and simple solution for such purposes. That is what we will cover in this article.

• Metal piles- form with horizontal lintels a strong and even frame, sheathed on the outside with wood. The price of such a solution will be higher, and besides, you will need to hire a craftsman who will reliably strengthen and weld the frame into a single structure. The disadvantages include the fact that the metal has a solid weight, and for work you will need at least three people, sometimes with the involvement of lifting equipment.

It is better to use a similar solution if you want to make a terrace from synthetic composite materials, which are very demanding on the evenness of the base, and fit on special profiles, or, conversely, the size of the porch has small dimensions, and it consists only of steps that will contrast with the main facade of the building.

• Concrete or block- these are capital foundations for a porch, which require compliance with certain standards when attaching to a wooden house. There are a great many types of concrete foundations, but the main requirement for their construction is that between it and the house, or rather its foundation, it is imperative to provide for an expansion joint.

What is it for? During the time when seasonal ground movements occur, due to the difference in the loads that the structures experience, the foundations at their junctions can crack.

Expansion joints are filled with elastic materials to prevent moisture from entering it. Perfect for these purposes rubber gaskets, or mineral wool, which are subsequently closed with a special flashing.

This concludes our preparations and begin to disassemble the construction process

We do it ourselves

As already mentioned, we are building a porch for a wooden house only from wood, so that it most harmoniously fits into the overall picture of the facade. Further about everything in order.

Base under the porch

Well, now let's take a closer look at the construction of the foundation from wooden beam. And we will start by marking the site with the help of twine and tape measure.

This is done approximately as shown in the photo above.

• The wall and the doorway are the main reference points from which it is required to measure all the necessary distances, not forgetting to observe right angles at the intersections of the lines.
• To do this, align the lengths of the segments with an accuracy of a millimeter. Throw both diagonals in the resulting rectangle, which should be equal to each other.
• If right angles are alien to you, and you have chosen a porch unusual shape, for example, pentagrams, then be guided by the geometric features of the figure that you plan to erect.
• Next, we determine the location of the piles - usually these are the corners of the terrace, including those adjacent to the house, and the corners of the first step. If the porch and flight of stairs have solid dimensions, then increase the number of piles at the rate of 2 piles by 1 - 1.2 meters of free span. Given value can vary greatly depending on the thickness of the bars of the lower strapping of the veranda, and reach 2.4 m with a cross section of 100 * 150 mm.
• Now it is necessary to drill wells at these points, with a depth exceeding the depth of soil freezing by 15 - 30 centimeters.
• For better moisture removal wooden piles, it is necessary to make a drainage cushion from medium-sized river sand and gravel, which are poured into the holes alternately, in small layers.

• Next, piles are installed in the holes, the recessed ends of which are pre-treated waterproofing material(bitumen), or burned at the stake for the same purpose. This treatment will protect the tree from premature decay and damage.
• If the size of the terrace has impressive dimensions, or the piles will go up, forming the base for the porch visor, then before installing them, asbestos-cement pipes are placed in the holes, into which concrete is poured three-quarters of the depth of the well. But first they are set vertically, rammed around with rubble and soil, and a reinforcing belt is made inside.
• This design will more reliably fix the pile and protect the wood.

• Next, piles are installed (in pits or asbestos-cement pipes, after the concrete has hardened), which must be set strictly in a plane and vertical, and firmly fixed for a while. Use a rough crate, stretch marks and wedges for this, exposing the structure like a tent.
• After fixing, we fill the space around with concrete mixed with screenings and small gravel - such concrete will be much stronger. Don't forget that we have to make a pretty impressive layer.
• Piles adjacent to the house are attached to the wall with long self-tapping screws, anchors or nails.

All further work is carried out only after the concrete has completely cured.

Installation of stringers

Steps on a flight of stairs can be fastened in various ways, but most often craftsmen use designs on bowstrings. The bowstring is an inclined guide support that provides reliable fixation of the steps.

You can attach the step to the bowstring by inserting it into the groove, or by using self-tapping screws, nails, studs, dowels or special steel fasteners to fix it. But most often they use bowstrings that have cutouts for steps that fit on top. Such bowstrings are called stringers.

Making a kosour on your own is not such a difficult task. It is enough just to accurately mark the boards and make straight cuts along all the marks, for which a pre-prepared staircase drawing is very useful to you.

Of the tools you will need:

• A circular saw;
• Square and pencil;
• Meter;
• Wood saw.

The number of prepared stringers, first of all, determines the shape of the stairs and its width. Sometimes you can find options on one stringer, but such work is the privilege of qualified specialists. We will need at least two supports, the number of which will increase depending on the width of the passage.

Stringers can be divided into two main types, differing not only in shape, but also in the complexity of manufacturing:

1. Stepped - we showed them in the photo above. They have triangular cutouts placed on the same distance from each other along the entire length of the part. This design has one drawback - the beam, after sawing cuts in its body, becomes thinner and greatly loses its strength.
2. Stringers with "fillies" - have smaller slots, and are equipped with additional elements, actually "filly", and dowels for fixing them. Such a design is only possible for an experienced carpenter, so we will not advise it for beginners.

Stringers are the most time-consuming and complex parts of the porch being built. When marking and sawing boards, be especially meticulous, often double-checking and comparing the result with the parts already cut.

Advice! To make several kosours of the same shape, use a stencil that you have previously cut out of plywood, thick cardboard or a piece of MDF.

• If the width of the tread in the stringer can be less than the actual step (laying with a release), then the height of the riser must exactly match the height of the cladding part of the same name.
• Do not forget to take into account that the upper step of the stringer should become a continuation of the main porch area. Take this into account when marking up this element.
• In order for the supports to be strong and not to bend under the weight of people walking on the porch, boards with an end section of at least 60 * 300 mm should be used as a material. So you guarantee yourself the quality of the future product.
• Use for these purposes boards that do not have cracks and falling knots. Beware of overdried wood, which has lost a lot of strength.
• Since our structure is external, the contact of the stairs with moisture and ultraviolet radiation is ensured. Of course, you can buy cheaper boards from softwoods (pine, spruce, etc.) and treat them with special impregnations, but it would be better to immediately take hardwoods, which are not only more resistant to the above troubles, but also have good density making them resistant to mechanical stress.

The leaders among such species are oak, Siberian larch, beech or maple. The price of lumber will be higher, but such a porch will last much longer.

Before you start assembling all the elements into a single structure, you need to treat the wood with antibacterial impregnations and flame retardants - substances that protect wood from fire.

After complete drying of the impregnation, you can proceed with the installation:

• We install the bars of the lower trim on the strengthened piles - they are attached from the outside to nails or long self-tapping screws.
• Waterproofing can be laid around the pile at the attachment point.
• We cut grooves in a horizontal beam for laying the upper edge of bowstrings or stringers in them.
• The lower part of the kosour is laid on a horizontal support plate in the form of a beam. At the same time, washed down can be done both in the beam and in the stringer. In the first case, it is better to tie the elements with steel corners, and in the second, with studs.

• Next, we install the lags, forming the basis of the future site. They are placed on the same level as bottom harness, and fastened with special stainless steel brackets.

• The thickness of the lags should not be less than 5 centimeters, as it must withstand the weight of people walking on it without deflections.
• Lay them perpendicular to the laying direction of the decking that will cover the floor afterwards. The laying distance is 50 cm.
• Next, the deck board is laid, which is placed with a verified gap to drain water.
• Laying steps starts from the bottom - first the riser is placed, then the tread.
• Fastening is carried out with galvanized self-tapping screws with a wide hat, which needs to be drowned a little. To do this, first drill a narrow hole for the self-tapping screw, and slightly expand its edge with a wider drill, creating a recess.
• In the future, you will need to hide the holes with wood putty.
• To avoid this, you can purchase special staples and use wood glue.

This concludes our review, in which we examined the construction of a wooden porch to the house with our own hands. As you can see, the process is very exciting, and will be within the power of many of us. You can learn more about it from the video in this article, where experienced master does a similar job.

The porch is like business card Houses. If the house is made of wood, then the wooden porch will look very harmonious. What kind of porch designs were not invented by craftsmen! To build a porch, you can invite a professional team of builders, but building a porch with your own hands is also quite realistic.

An open area in front of the entrance to the house, to which steps lead, is called the porch. The porch can be:

• built-in - made together with the house on the same foundation with it and with general waterproofing. Above the porch is a canopy or a roof shared with the house. The wooden porch, the photo of which is posted below, is exactly this:

• attached later.

Structural elements of the porch

The porch design includes:

• steps. The minimum height of one step is 250 and the depth is 350 mm. A slight slope on them, somewhere around 1.5 degrees, will prevent the accumulation of rainwater;
• canopy. It should protrude 0.5 m above the platform;
• railing. If the porch is high, then you can’t do without them, and when there are only 2-3 steps, then they will simply decorate it. Optimal Height 1m;
• platform that precedes the entrance to the house.

When designing, determine:

• how many steps will be at the stairs leading to the porch. It depends on the height of the plinth. Their number is odd;
• porch width. At a minimum, it should be 1.5 times larger than the width of the front door. Two people who met on it should freely pass each other. If the porch turns into a terrace, then the width will be quite large. So that snow drifts do not interfere with opening the door in winter, it should be located 50 mm below the door threshold.

Everything you need for construction

For the construction of a wooden porch, the material needed is:

• cement;
• boards. Well suited oak, spruce, larch, fir;
• square beam 80x80 or 100x100 mm;
• nails 150 mm long, but self-tapping screws are also suitable instead.

From the tool you will need:

• bayonet shovel;
• hammer;
• screwdriver;
• level;
• roulette;
• plumb;
• hacksaw.

We attach a wooden porch to the house with our own hands

To begin work on the construction of the porch you need:

• with careful design selection. The porch attached to the house should not look like something foreign. For this, a single architectural style. Ideally, the porch merges with the facade of the house;
• once the porch is attached to the already finished house, so you need to make a foundation.

Foundation

We choose simple and inexpensive option: pile foundation:

• we dig holes under the piles with a depth of at least 0.8 m;
• we arrange the sole for support, for which we pour it into the pit cement mortar, and then pour large gravel or pebbles i.e. we do bottling. Flat stones can also be used for the sole;
• we take a beam, equal in length to the height of the porch. We cover it with an antiseptic. If you have used car oil, then it is quite suitable for this purpose, like drying oil. The arrangement of supports is possible not only from a bar, but also from two boards 50 mm thick fastened with nails;
• we place the timber in the pits and fill it with concrete. A plumb line will help to maintain verticality;
• when the concrete hardens, the foundation is ready.

We arrange the basis for the site

• all supports are aligned on the same level;
• we perform cuts on supports. There will be thorns;
• in the logs we make nests for spikes;
• install logs on supports;
• we fix one of the support beams to the wall using self-tapping screws or nails.

We make a bowstring, kosour

Steps are installed on the bowstring and it largely depends on how reliable our porch of a wooden house will be. This load-bearing element is an inclined board 50 mm thick, located on the side of the steps. The same board, but located under the steps, is called a kosour. There are 2 types of ledges in the bowstring:

• carved;
• embedded.

We will consider the 1st type. To make the bowstring easier, let's spend time on the template:

• take a 40 cm strip of thick cardboard or hardboard;
• we apply one end of the strip to the platform support, and place the other on the support platform;
• we draw a template by cutting out recesses for the steps. The width of the grooves is the same as the dimensions of the tread.

A situation may arise that the edged board that you have available is already narrower than you need to make a bowstring. Then choose one of the options:

• we screw additional bars with self-tapping screws from the bottom of the edged board, the width of which is the same as that of the supporting inclined board;
• we attach one or more outer boards to the carrier board. They will close it and the whole structure will be strengthened;
• instead of a cut board, we use an uncut board.

Note: often the design of the stairs includes 3 bowstrings: two on the sides and one in the middle. To ensure that the steps are strictly horizontal, all bowstrings are identical.

Bowstring support

For bowstrings, a support platform is required, therefore:

• when everything is decided with the dimensions, we dig a hole under the support platform. Its dimensions depend on the size of the bowstring;
• we pour a layer of sand, a layer of rubble on top and fill it with cement mortar;
• during work, we check the horizontal position using ready-made bowstrings;
• after the mortar hardens on the support platform, we mount the bowstrings by attaching them to support structures sites;
• it remains to place the support pads under the bowstrings and attach the latter to the lags using the tenon-groove connection.

Fastening the bowstrings to the lags using the "thorn-groove" method:

• we take a board in which we first cut out the grooves and fasten it to the platform beam;
• we insert the spikes of the bowstrings into the grooves;
• as an additional fastener, you can use metal strips or steel staples. The frame of the lower part of the porch is ready.

Platform and steps

The flooring on the site is made simply:

• we attach the boards to the logs with the help of self-tapping screws;
• so that as a result of the drying of the wood between the boards there are no large gaps, we lay them as close as possible to each other.

The execution of steps in the triangular ledges cut out in the bowstring is a simpler matter than the device of mortise steps. The risers and treads are connected by the same method as the bowstrings and stringers to the lags, i.e. "thorn in the groove".

Here's what it looks like:

• 1 - kosour;
• 2 - tread;
• 3 - riser;
• 4 - a metal rod, which fastens strings or bowstrings together.

Watching this video will make the task of the device easier wooden stairs for the porch:

Arranging the walls

Walls are also needed to make a wooden porch weatherproof. To make them you will need:

• edged board 2.5 cm thick;
• timber 5x5 cm.

The technology is:

• from a square bar, we arrange a frame. In this design, the minimum distance between vertical and horizontal elements is 50 cm;
• vertical racks and horizontal ties are attached to each other with the help of metal corners with holes for screws. There are other ways, but this one is considered the most reliable;
• dowels fasten the frame to the wall of the house;
• we attach the lower part of the frame to the site;
• further sheathe the frame edged board. Using a grooved board will make the sheathing denser, but its cost will increase slightly.

We cover the porch

An excellent material for the roof of a built wooden porch is polycarbonate. Benefits of using this material:

• if the porch is completely closed, then even windows can be omitted, because. enough light coming from above;
• simple and easy roof structure. No framing required.

We will arrange the roof after the manufacture of the frame before its sheathing. Wherein:

• depending on the size of the sheets, the distance between the rafters is selected i.e. the end of the first sheet and the beginning of the second must necessarily lie on a wooden beam;
• attention should be paid to the quality sealing of joints;
• for fastening polycarbonate sheets, it is advisable to use self-tapping screws and moisture-proof thermal washers, matched to the tone.

How to build a wooden porch and avoid annoying mistakes is described in this video:

The porch to the veranda allows you to harmoniously continue the atmosphere of solitude with nature, first in the veranda, and then on the porch. There are several options and ways to build a porch attached to the veranda. How to design and build a porch to the veranda, we will consider further.

The need to build a porch attached to the veranda is explained primarily by its following functions:

• practical - this element of the building is able to protect the front door and the premises itself from wind, snow, moisture and other negative environmental factors;
• decorative - the porch is an excellent decoration for any home, and if the veranda is an entrance room, then the presence of a porch in front of it will make the atmosphere of the house more comfortable and refined.

• in relation to the width, the porch should be at least 30 cm larger than the doorway, at least three people should be placed on the site;
• so that the water flows off the porch on its own, the porch should be equipped with a slight slope;
• when determining the number of steps for the porch, try to choose such a value that a person stepping on the first step with his foot would also land on the last step with the same foot;
• when determining the height of the railing, one should be guided by standard human height, a convenient value is from 80 to 100 cm.

In relation to design features, the porch is low, high, medium. If the house does not have a basement, then the most the best option will be the construction of a low porch. It has two or three steps. This design is a protective element of entrance doors, it provides their protection from external influences. For the construction of such a porch, stone or concrete is used, but if the house is wooden, then the porch is made of wood. Railings on a low porch are practically not installed, only if they will perform an aesthetic function.

If there is free space, it is possible to build a porch that is attached to the veranda. In this case, the veranda becomes separate part porch. This room is used for recreation, work or receiving guests. Please note that in order to protect the veranda from moisture, due to its low location, we recommend installing a sand cushion under it. In addition, it is necessary to equip high-quality waterproofing.

A high porch is a structure that is made in a house with a basement. In this design, there are necessarily more than four steps and a railing that ensures the safety of descent and ascent to the porch.

A porch with a high rise to which a veranda is attached is especially chic. Although the cost of such a structure will be higher than that of a low veranda, the appearance of the structure is very attractive. The location of the veranda can be central to the house or corner. In addition, under the high veranda, you can arrange a flower garden or garden. Such a veranda is perfectly protected from moisture, so there is the possibility of arranging a pantry or cellar under it.

Tip: The rule of thumb for building a high-quality porch is to complement the main building. That is, in no case should the porch be separated from the house, it should be in harmony with it and combined in style.

In addition, when choosing a material for the construction of a porch and a veranda, one should be guided by the basic materials for building a house. That is, if the house is made of brick, then the veranda should be brick or at least stone. For a wooden house, it is desirable to build a wooden porch and veranda. Although, it is possible to combine several materials in the process of building a porch. So, for example, if the house is made of concrete, but it has certain decorative elements made of wood, then the veranda may well be wooden. The main thing is to choose the same type of wood in color and texture. If the fence of the house is stone, then the veranda can be made of stone.

The cheapest option would be to make a porch out of wood. To places constant load solid wood such as oak, beech, pine should be installed. The platform under the porch should be located at a lower level than the front door. Please note that when choosing a material, you should pay attention to wood, the moisture content of which is not more than 15%. Next, the tree is treated with antiseptics and fireproof impregnations.

The porch, for the manufacture of which stone is used, is distinguished by its strength, reliability and, above all, a long service life. However, the stone is able to collapse under the influence of moisture, so it needs constant care. Please note that when determining the depth of the foundation under the porch, the value of the depth of the foundation of the main structure should be taken into account. To finish the steps on the porch, we recommend using a natural stone, clinker tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Features of choosing a porch design

In relation to the design of the porch, it happens:

• with the presence of one site;
• with the presence of a veranda, stairs and other outbuildings.

The design of the porch and veranda must be carried out carefully and seriously. If possible, contact a specialist. They will help you choose the best type of foundation for the veranda.

Please note that it is not recommended to equip a flat roof on the veranda and porch, as snow and precipitation will constantly accumulate on it. For finishing the steps, we recommend using materials with a non-slip type of coating to avoid injury while descending the stairs.

In addition, the veranda can be attached to the entrance or to the side of the building. When choosing a construction site for a veranda and a porch, we recommend that you give preference to that section of the house, the view of which from the veranda will open onto nature, a garden, a flower garden, but not a fence or a blank wall.

There are several main stages in the construction of the veranda porch:

• the process of drawing up project documentation;
• purchase of materials for the construction of the veranda and porch;
• work on digging a foundation pit and pouring the foundation, building walls and roofs;
• finishing works for internal and external purposes.

The design of the porch is selected at the first stage of the design. It is in the process of drawing up the drawings that you should choose the shape of the veranda and the porch attached to it. In addition, it is necessary to determine the type of finish, the number of windows, the location of the future premises. Try to build a veranda with south side at home in order to provide natural heating and constant lighting in winter.

When determining the design of your home's porch, choose materials that are in harmony with the overall picture of the exterior. An excellent decoration for both the porch and the veranda will be fresh flowers in flowerpots, a bench, a lantern, a rocking chair, etc. When choosing items, try to observe strict symmetry, since the flowerpot located on one side must be complemented by the same flowerpot, only on the other side.

To protect the site from the sun, special curtains or curtains are used. If the porch is also used as a veranda, we recommend installing garden furniture: chairs, table, armchairs or a comfortable sofa.

Construction technology of a wooden porch

A wooden porch is most often equipped if the whole house is made of this material. As you know, a tree tends to collapse under the influence of an increased level of humidity, changes temperature regime and others external factors. Therefore, when choosing materials for the porch, you should be especially serious and monitor their quality. Also, before building the porch, it is necessary to treat the materials with compounds that will protect the wood from moisture, fire or mold.

In order to build a porch of a wooden house, you will need:

• crushed stone, sand for the construction of pillows during the construction of the foundation;
• concrete mortar with which pouring is performed;
• electric drills, saws and screwdrivers;
• measuring tapes and level.

If you are planning an environmentally friendly porch, we recommend treating the wood with machine oil before work. Otherwise, special impregnating compounds will be required.

After determining the size of the porch, drawing up its project, the process of direct construction of the structure follows. Since the porch constantly comes into contact with damp soil, when it is arranged, it is necessary to carry out a number of works aimed at waterproofing the floor. To do this, on the site under the porch, it is necessary to remove the soil, approximately ten centimeters. Next, the site is leveled by arranging pillows on it, first from sand, and then from crushed stone.

Near the front door, two supports are being installed, which will hold the structure in the process of pouring it with concrete. For a stronger hold on the supporting elements, first fill them with crushed stone, and then fill them with concrete. To connect the supports to each other, use a reliable beam. To build a ladder, you will need a kosour or bowstring. These elements must be made of high quality wood, which does not have any defects.

Porch for country house from wood should begin to be made from stairs. After the installation of the stringers, the installation of each stage should be carried out separately. To compensate for the thermal expansion of wood, we recommend leaving a gap of 2-3 mm during the installation of steps.

Next is the installation of the platform itself. For these purposes, we recommend using a screwdriver and wood screws. Please note that the end sections of all wooden fragments are impregnated with a film-free substance. Before laying, we recommend sanding the boards, thus improving the adhesion between them and the impregnation.

Which porch is better to make to the veranda - design features of the porch of the house

When designing the porch and veranda of the house, several principles should be followed. The first of which involves the creation of a porch style common with the main building and the veranda. In this case, Decoration Materials for facing the porch will be the same as that of the main building.

However, the second option involves the creation of a new style in the design of the porch and veranda. Although some of the elements should be repeated on the main part of the house and on the porch, they will combine them into a harmonious composition.

A porch design method is possible in relation to the site of the house itself. In this case, you can take as a basis a fence, flowers, a garden or tiles, which the whole house is divided into.

On wooden porch threaded elements that increase the attractiveness of the appearance of the porch will be appropriate. In this case, it will be possible to add a little hospitality and warmth to the main building.

A porch made of polycarbonate can be attached to a brick veranda. Its construction does not require a lot of effort and material resources. More often given material combined with metal, on which there are various kinds of threaded elements.

If there is a large amount of space in front of the entrance to the veranda, we recommend arranging a summer terrace designed for relaxing and receiving guests. For terrace cladding, we recommend using finishing materials with a high level of wear resistance. Since this part of the building is under the constant influence of negative environmental factors.

If you combine various textures in the design elements of the porch, you will get the effect of surprise and originality. So, for example, the gradual transition of a clinker paving slab into a brick staircase is achieved by selecting the same color palette, for materials of different appearance.

Furniture - Enough important element porch decor. Try to choose it based on the main style of the room. Any materials can be used to make furniture: glass, wood, metal, rattan, etc. It is possible to use the manufacturing method independent subject accessories. Its presence on the porch will make it more colorful and original.

Elements such as lanterns, live plants, trees, flowerpots, decorative birds, bells - are able to make the interior of the porch more hospitable. Do not be afraid to combine dissimilar shapes, textures, elements, sometimes this can lead to completely unexpected results. However, do not overdo it, everything should be in moderation, too much pile of things on the porch or in the veranda will lead to the opposite effect of space congestion. Being in such a room will be a burden. Try to make the atmosphere as easy and relaxed as possible, then the guests will want to return to your house again and again.

When choosing a project for building a porch to a house, the main thing is maximum safety and ease of use, and only after that you can think about beautiful design. The last criterion is most often chosen as the main one, because it is easier for us to appreciate the beauty of a house with a porch than to understand how comfortable and functional it will be.

Therefore, before designing and subsequent implementation of what was conceived in stone and metal, it is worth taking a closer look at the options already built and, perhaps, choosing a porch project for the house from the one you like.

How to choose a plan and construction scheme

Designing the scheme and device of the porch implies:

• Binding of the frame and load-bearing power elements of the porch to facade wall at home, the choice of the method of support on the ground, the type and size of the foundation slab;
• The choice of the height of the porch, the size of the area in front of the front door;
• Determining the most convenient directions for climbing stairs, calculating the width of the flight of stairs, its slope and the height of the steps;
• The choice in the project of the method of finishing and insulating the structure, the type and shape of the canopy over the entrance to the house.

Important! The most important thing is to determine for yourself how else you can use the space of the porch, and what needs to be provided for in the project for this.

The porch project will have to be reviewed and improved many times, each of the options must always be brought to its logical conclusion.

We determine the parameters of the porch

The location and height of the porch have to be determined based on the given parameters for the location of the front door in the house and the availability of a free area for arranging the foundation on adjoining territory. If possible, choose a warm porch to the house, like the projects in the photo. A small increase in price is fully justified by excellent performance.

Entrance project

With proper drafting of the project, the entrance platform can become a full-fledged part of the habitable space of the house. For example, it can be part of a terrace, a veranda, or just a closed area for relaxing on summer evenings.

How more sizes entrance platform, the more expensive its construction will cost. To ensure comfortable use of the porch, a dimension of at least 1x1.5 m is included in the scheme. With an increase in the size of the site, the weight of the structure increases sharply, and often it is necessary to resort to the use of a concrete foundation.

A large mass of concrete foundation, pressing on the base of the building, can lead to soil settlement, the appearance of ground water near the entrance and even cracking the masonry. Therefore, the use of a strip or pile foundation is more often chosen, as it is safer and lighter. With a high location of the entrance platform, the use of piles is often the only right decision.

Equally important is the choice in the project of the correct orientation of the location of the site. Classic option is a semi-closed execution of the entrance to the house. In fact, this is a smaller version of the terrace, closed from the side of the road or the main wall of the building.

If you prefer an open plan design, use a trick that will keep you out of drafts but keep plenty of light in the entrance. For this with sunny side the porch is closed with a decorative wall made of a transparent polycarbonate sheet, at least 10 mm thick. This option will preserve good lighting and create comfortable conditions for relax.

Important! If the height of the entrance area is more than 30 cm, be sure to provide for a fence, but not in the form of flower pots or ornamental trees. Use clearly visible, even in poor lighting, vertical racks 60-70 cm in size, interconnected by a thin horizontal level of a metal profile.

Choosing the optimal location of the porch stairs

The simplest and most convenient is the project for a porch with a direct flight of stairs. It is convenient and practical. The project is much cheaper small size stairs and canopy.

If the location of the front door results in a porch that is too high, additional measures must be taken to shorten the length of the stairs and simplify the design. It could be:

1. Implementation of the design of the stairs of the "broken" scheme in the form of two flights with an intermediate platform;
2. Provide for the project to increase the size of the porch entrance area, change the foundation support to a pile scheme. In this case, the project under the porch can easily turn into an open or covered terrace, but the ladder will be compact and convenient;
3. Change the direction of stair descent in the project. Most often used classic trick, popular in projects with an L-shaped arrangement of the walls of the house. In this case, the flight of stairs is directed along the wall of the house.

The latter option, in addition to a relatively comfortable descent, gives considerable savings in simplifying the foundation and side railings. In such a project, one side of the porch of the stairs and the fence is cantilevered to the wall of the house. The second side can be based on a columnar or pile foundation. In this case, under the entrance platform and the flight of stairs is formed extra space which can be used for household needs.

The height of the steps in the project of the porch

The most problematic issue in the development of a porch staircase project is determining the height of the steps and the angle of inclination of the stairs. The maximum height for an adult is considered to be a value of 230 mm at an angle of inclination of a flight of stairs of 30 o. But in reality, the parameters of a comfortable lift are highly dependent on physical data and human health.

So that the stairs do not burden the climb, lay in the project on the porch a step height of no more than 18 cm with a tread width of at least 25 cm. These parameters were obtained by experimental selection and allow you to relatively comfortably climb stairs up to two meters high.

Porch canopy selection

The project can provide for the variant of the canopy, which is the easiest to implement, based on the design and architecture of the house. If the roof of the house has huge overhangs, and the height of the walls is more than 250 cm, in this case it makes sense to consider a project in the form of a porch - a terrace with an angular staircase.

If there is a second floor in the house, you can use a project with a remote terrace or veranda on the second floor of the building.

The cheapest and simple option canopy will be standard project gable roof, with cantilever fastening of the structure on the wall of the house. If the dimensions of the porch exceed 1.5x2 m, it is better to install the canopy structure on vertical steel pipe supports.

Conclusion

When determining the parameters of the porch, the main power parts, materials, it is necessary to focus on the use of proven options for constructing the frame and supporting surfaces of the entrance platform and stairs. Do not trust the openwork beauty of the compact and lightweight porch designs shown in the photographs. It is possible that not all the details of the project can be easily understood from the picture, and in fact the structure will have to be strengthened or redone.