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Roofing material for roofs of private houses. Types of roofing, their features and characteristics. Roofing for a flat roof

If the apartment is cold in winter, most likely, the heating radiators need to be replaced. Traditional batteries made of cast iron or steel get dirty over time.

The coolant moves through old appliances in a thin stream, does not provide thermal energy sufficient for normal heating of housing. To improve the thermal regime, it is worth dismantling the obsolete equipment and installing new one, but for the optimal result, you need to know how to do the job correctly.

In this article, we will talk about how to properly dismantle old radiators and install new appliances in their place.

If the decision to carry out repairs of this type is made, a number of questions should be answered:

1. When and by whom will the work be carried out?
2. Which one should be used?
3. Is it necessary to replace the pipes leading from the battery to the riser?
4. How many sections will be needed for each room?

It is best to carry out such an alteration in the summer, because to start work, you must obtain permission from the local housing office. In winter, officials are extremely reluctant to give such permissions, because they will have to block the common riser and leave other apartments without heating for some time.

But also outside heating season obtaining permission can be difficult. Those who have already solved similar problems talk about the need to wait for several days, trying to get an appointment with the right employees, etc. Some faced pressure: they were recommended to hire plumbers from the Housing Office to do all the work.

There are no restrictions on this issue. The main thing is that the replacement of heating batteries is performed by an experienced plumber with the appropriate qualifications. It is possible to identify all the flaws made during inept installation only during operation.

Old radiators get dirty inside and out over time, cleaning does not always solve the problem of insufficient heating, replacement is a more effective option

It is best to go to the housing office in the summer, and not in the fall, which is the peak of the queues. By this point everything necessary materials you need to buy, pre-assemble radiators, prepare tools, negotiate with the team, if necessary.

If the house is connected to a central heating system, you should contact the maintenance service to agree on the alteration. Here they can perform necessary calculations to accurately name the number of sections of radiators, as well as to clarify other technical issues.

You can calculate the required number of heating radiators yourself. We have described in detail how to do this in

Shut-off valves that are installed on the “supply” and “return” are necessary so that at any time you can turn off the water and remove the battery for repair or replacement

The lack of correct calculations can lead to an imbalance in the home heating system.

Previously, for the calculations, you will need information that is in the DEZ:

• type of boiler room (it can be central or individual for a particular house);
• type of system: two- or one-pipe;
• parameters of existing supply pipes;
• coolant characteristics: temperature, pressure, pH, etc.

Most often, old batteries are replaced with new ones. modern models, usually or . Although cast iron, copper and steel products are also on sale. The type of radiator is needed when performing calculations.

When choosing a suitable radiator for a house or apartment, you need to focus on its main characteristics, which are detailed in the product data sheet.

You will need such indicators as the pressure that the device can withstand, the maximum temperature of the coolant, heat transfer and other data. They can usually be found in the technical data sheet.

If not only radiators, but also pipes leading to them are to be replaced, you should choose suitable material. Usually it is steel, metal-plastic or polypropylene. Some masters strongly recommend using for centralized systems only steel communications.

Depending on the type of pipes chosen, you will need the appropriate equipment for welding them. MP and PP pipes are easier to install than steel. To work with metal, you need not only welding machine, but also a device for threading. Therefore, if the old pipes are clean enough, it is recommended to leave them and replace only the battery.

old cast iron radiators they retain heat well, but slowly give it away, in addition, they are heavy, which complicates installation, so bimetallic and aluminum models are more popular

The weak point of metal-plastic structures is connections. They must be performed very carefully, installation errors often lead to leaks. The popularity of MP pipes is explained by their relatively low price. Plastic is more expensive, but more reliable, if the welding is done correctly, the tightness of the joints will be very high.

Under the selected radiator, you need to select suitable fasteners. In this case, it is necessary to take into account both the type of radiator and the material of the wall on which the installation will be performed: brick, concrete, etc. Batteries are usually supplied with brackets of the appropriate type.

To install one radiator, two brackets are usually used at the top and one at the bottom. Their position is carefully checked by a level in order to eliminate the possibility of distortion during battery installation. However, some models are set with a slight slope to ensure the removal of air that has entered the system. If there are more than twelve sections, another top bracket may be needed.

Radiator Placement Rules

Batteries are most often placed under the window to compensate for heat loss when cold air enters through the opening.

In this case, the following distances must be maintained:

• from the wall - 20 mm;
• from the floor - 120 mm;
• from the window sill - 100 mm or more.

It is desirable that the window sill does not overlap the radiator too much for effective air circulation in the room. These figures are only guidelines and may be higher or lower, although noticeable changes may affect the heat dissipation of the structure.

To improve the situation, it is recommended to cover the wall behind the radiator with a reflective material, such as styrofoam. Although some masters consider this measure useless. But the beautiful will become an obstacle for warm air, it is better to refuse it. Modern batteries look quite attractive, it makes no sense to hide them.

Work procedure

To properly replace heating radiators in an apartment, you must:

1. Coordinate the alteration with the maintenance service.
2. Purchase the necessary materials.
3. Perform pre-assembly of nodes.
4. Prepare tools.
5. Arrange with the team (if you do not plan to do the work yourself).
6. To issue an alteration in the housing office, to decide on the date of the work.
7. Dismantle old radiators.
8. Install brackets.
9. Hang new batteries.
10. Connect to heating pipes.
11. Check system operation.

During node preassembly, all necessary elements: plugs, gaskets, etc. In addition, you can mark up in advance in those places where the pipes will be cut off. In this case, you should use a plumb line and a level so that the new radiator becomes even.

If the supply pipes also require replacement, these elements must also be prepared: cut off pieces of suitable length, attach tees, etc. All this is done in order to quickly complete the installation after draining the water from the heating system. Such a measure will be more than relevant if the need to change old batteries arose during the heating season.

The procedure for dismantling old batteries depends on whether the pipes also need to be replaced. If you want to save the supply lines, you will have to carefully unscrew the old battery. At the same time, it is important to keep the squeegee - a sufficiently long thread on the edge of the pipe. The radiator is fixed with a nut and a coupling, which will have to be unscrewed.

The procedure can be quite complicated. If the parts do not move, you can try to loosen the connection with anti-corrosion compounds. In the most extreme case, the radiator is simply cut off with a grinder. There should be at least 10mm of thread left. Burrs should be removed from it.

If it was not possible to save the drive, you will have to increase the pipes, as well as cut a new thread. Removed locknuts can later be reused when. Dismantling the radiator is much easier if the pipes are also replaced. In this case, they are simply cut off in a suitable place. This is usually where the system turns towards neighbors above and below.

Now you need to install the brackets, and then hang a new radiator on them. At this stage, sometimes it is necessary to adjust the length of the supply pipe. It remains to restore the threaded connection. It is very important to seal properly. For this, linen or plumbing thread is usually used.

Some masters do not recommend using FUM tape on such connections. The sealant is wound clockwise so that it forms a cone growing from the edge of the thread. Then the connecting nut is screwed on. If part of the seal remains outside, this is normal. But its layer should not be too thick.

To achieve maximum tightness, sometimes the seal is impregnated with paint, after which the lock nut is screwed on. Then the protruding insulation is also impregnated with paint. A water-based composition is not suitable for these purposes. After the paint has dried, it is very difficult to unscrew the connection.

At the end of the connection, the protective film is removed from the radiator. You should also check the position of the air vent. Its hole should be directed upwards. To check the quality of work, you need to ask plumbers to pump water into the heating circuit under pressure.

This will allow you to identify and immediately eliminate leaks. During operation, it does not hurt to observe the radiator for the first time, as well as check the condition of the connections to make sure that they do not leak.

If the decision is made to change the used batteries, it does not hurt to think about installing a faucet, conventional or with a thermal head. In the first case, you can manually adjust the coolant flow, in the second, this will be done automatically. But if they put it on the radiator, it does not need to be covered with a decorative screen.

This will lead to data distortion when measuring temperature. It should be noted that thermostats can only be installed with single-pipe systems. In any case, at least stopcocks must be installed at the inlet and outlet of the radiator, if they are not available.

This will allow the radiator to be disconnected from the system in order to be cleaned or replaced, regardless of the season. Thermal power, reflected in the data sheet of the battery, does not always correspond to the declared one. If you increase the number of sections by 10%, you can improve the situation.

If you have experience in replacing heating radiators yourself, please share it with our readers. Perhaps you know the subtleties that we did not mention in this article? Tell us about them in the comment block.

As you know, there is no house without a roof. It is the shape of the roof and its covering that give the building a complete image, crown it, decorate it. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from rain, hail, snow, solar radiation. Therefore, the roof of the house should not only be beautiful, but also, first of all, a durable, reliable and practical construction.

The importance of proper construction

When erecting any structure, even the simplest, it is imperative to know and strictly follow certain construction rules. So, all the standards relating to the design and construction of the roof are spelled out in the document "SP 17.13330.2011", which is the current updated version of another document "SNiP II-26-76". The requirements contained in these rules are valid throughout our country and apply to the construction of roofs of all possible compositions in buildings of various purposes. The document contains a list of allowed roofing materials and requirements for them.

The possibility of using other compositions for roofing must be confirmed in accordance with the procedure established by law.

These requirements must be strictly followed not only when building a new house, but also when reconstructing or overhauling the roofs of buildings with roofs made of these materials. In addition to complying with construction standards, it is necessary that all materials used, literally to every nail, comply with GOST. Only in this case, the erected roof will be reliable, and living in the house will be safe.

Description

The roof is such a final link of the roof, its finishing coating, which performs protective and aesthetic functions. The roof must be waterproof, lightweight, durable, inexpensive to maintain, meet the requirements fire safety.

When choosing a roof covering, consider factors such as:

• roof shape;
• peculiarities truss system;
• roof pitch,
• climatic conditions.

Classification

How the roof of the building will look externally is determined even before the start of all work.

All types of roofs can be combined into two groups, taking into account the slope and the number of side planes, called slopes:

• flat roofs;
• roofs with one or more slopes.

A flat roof is a rectangular, flat area with a slope of no more than three degrees. This type of roof in modern housing construction is used only when it is planned to be used additionally. For example, to equip a recreation area, a swimming pool, a helipad. In small private houses, the use of this form is impractical, since stagnation of rain and melt water can occur on it, and there is no need to talk about its great reliability and durability.

Undoubtedly pitched roofs more practical, although they are more costly and difficult to build. The advantages include the fact that main enemy roofs - water easily flows down the slopes of the roof, without lingering and without causing harm.

Depending on the features of the roofing system, pitched roofs come with either an attic or an attic. An attic is a room organized directly under the roof and suitable for habitation. The attic differs from the second floor with low walls (no more than 1.5 m). The existing varieties of pitched roofs are divided into types depending on the design features.

Pitched roofs are as follows:

• lean-to;
• gable;
• hip;
• half hip;
• tent;

• multi-forceps;
• broken lines;
• domed;
• conical;
• combined.

The most inexpensive and simple single-slope design in the device. Such roofs are found on sheds, garages and other outbuildings. A shed roof has a flat roof supported by walls of varying heights. It is due to the different heights of the support that the slope is obtained. The disadvantage of this design is the absence of at least some attic space, and the appearance of such a roof is not pleasing to the eye.

The form of a gable roof has come down to us from time immemorial and is perhaps the most common and familiar roof for a one-story house, especially in countryside. There is only one explanation for this - practicality. The slopes can be located both symmetrically and under different angles slope, be equal in length and not quite. This shape of the roof makes it easy to create an attic or attic under it.

The design has two slopes, united on the end sides by gables, and on top with a “ridge”, which strengthens and protects the roof seam formed at the junction of the slopes.

Gables are a must and very important elements gable roof. They close the space between the slopes, thereby protecting the attic from the effects of wind and precipitation. The slopes of the roof rest on the gables, due to which the load on the walls of the building is redistributed. Finally, due to its location, the pediment can be an attic wall.

The hip roof is obtained from a gable structure by replacing the gables with two more slopes having the shape of a triangle. The slopes in this case are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. At the top of one of the hips is a hatch called dormer window. In fact, a hip roof is a hipped structure, difficult to build, but very resistant to natural disasters, such as hurricane winds or heavy rain.

If the pediments of a gable roof are given a trapezoidal shape, and the upper part of the pediment is covered with a small triangular slope, or, conversely, the lower part is covered with a slope, and the top of the pediment is made triangular, then a semi-hinged roof will be obtained. In terms of design, a building with a similar roof takes on an interesting appearance.

The hipped form is also a type of hip roof. There can be three or more sectors (hips) depending on the shape of the support. There is no ridge, and the hips converge at one point with amazingly perfect accuracy, forming a tent over the building. Buildings with complex, polygonal shapes are covered with a multi-gable roof.

The design of such a roof is complex, but nevertheless it makes it possible to create unique appearance structures.

The sloping type of roof is often called a mansard roof. This is a cost-effective design, as it allows you to organize additional living space.

Domed, as well as conical roof shapes, are rare in the construction of private residential premises in our time. The use of this form implies a round structure under the roof. Often such roofs cover not the whole building, but its individual parts. For example, an oval-shaped terrace or some decorative elements: towers, rotundas.

Combined roofs have the most complex design. Essentially, they are combinations various types roofs, which gives a lot of space for design ideas. Such structures are difficult to build, not easy to maintain. However, it is the combined roofs that can increasingly be found on modern cottages.

All coverage options

IN modern construction private residential buildings, the following types of roofing materials are used:

• roll;
• mastic;
• membrane;
• leafy;
• piece or set.

Rolled coatings include roofing felt and roofing felt known to all. These coatings are made from polymeric and bituminous materials. As a reinforcing base, layers of cardboard, fiberglass or polyester are used. Such a coating can be used for roofing both on flat and pitched roofs.

A feature of the application is a continuous crate of wooden rafters. Glued plywood panels turned upside down can be used as solid flooring. The slope of the roof should be 10-30 degrees. Roofing material is attached to the flooring in a hot way: the roll is heated and rolled out on the roof with a roller. For reliability, the material is laid in several layers. Moreover, if a flat roof is covered, having wooden floor, then for the purposes of fire safety, the first layer is nailed, and the next one is already welded.

Repairing such a roof is simple: the old coating is cleaned of dirt and a new layer is laid on top.

Roll materials also include such modern roofing as shingles. This is fiberglass with bituminous impregnation. One of its sides has an adhesive surface, and on the other hand, the canvas is covered with multi-colored mineral chips. The panel is easily bent, therefore it is able to easily, without much effort, take the shape of the surface. Due to this property, shingles are increasingly being used for roofing on non-standard roofs.

Roll coatings have their advantages and disadvantages.

The benefits include the following:

• high sound insulation;
• thermal insulation;
• frost resistance;
• small mass;
• no corrosion.

The main disadvantages are that:

• the coating may tear, crack;
• roofing material and roofing felt are subject to decay over time;
• the material is flammable;
• under influence sun rays coating fades.

Mastic roofing is used only on flat roofs due to the fact that it is a bulk material. It is easy to install. On a pre-prepared, dried base, covered, for example, with fiberglass, several layers of mastic are applied. It is used in the construction of large residential and industrial buildings.

The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a uniform thickness of the coating.

Mastic roofs are of three types, such as:

• reinforced;
• unreinforced;
• combined.

The advantages of mastic roofing are as follows:

• cheaper than roll materials;
• high moisture protection indicators;
• quickly mounted;
• tightness;
• fire resistance;
• thermal stability, since the roof withstands temperature changes from -40 to +100 degrees.

Membrane roofs are made from a film made from a special polymer. Apply membrane coatings mostly on flat roofs. Film sheets, called membranes, are laid out on the surface with an overlap and attached to each other by exposure to hot air or using special adhesive tape. The membranes are attached to the roof surface with nails, screws or glue.

Such a roof has a high strength. It is quick and easy to install. But, rather expensive material quickly fades under the action of sunlight.

Perhaps the most common were and remain roofs made of sheet materials. Steel, slate, ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, asbestos plywood are attached to a wooden crate with self-tapping screws or nails. Steel roofing does not burn and will last up to 30 years. The slope angle should be 18-30 degrees.

Slate also does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, does not heat up under the action of sunlight, does not pass electricity. The slope angle should be 8-20 degrees.

Ondulin are cardboard-bitumen sheets. It is produced by impregnating organic fibers with bitumen. The process takes place at high values ​​of state parameters, such as pressure and temperature. Since there are no asbestos compounds in the composition of the material, ondulin is considered one of the most environmentally friendly roofing materials.

Decking is called metal sheets coated with a layer of zinc or paint. Quite durable and practical material. When used, additional soundproofing is required.

There are three brands of corrugated board.

• Mark H. It has a large bearing capacity, used for horizontal structures.
• Mark C. Used for vertical structures.
• HC brand. A versatile material that can be used for both horizontal and vertical applications.

At the same time, profiled sheets of grades H and HC are more suitable for roofing. Grade C material is used only on small buildings with a roof slope of 60 degrees. When buying a profiled sheet, pay attention to the thickness, height and type of profile, as well as its protective coating.

The metal tile is a slate-like galvanized sheet coated with a polymer. It is inexpensive, lightweight, easy to install, fire resistant, and not afraid of heat changes. But, at the same time, it has poor sound insulation, heats up under the action of sunlight, and is prone to corrosion. It cracks easily if not transported correctly.

Asbofanera is as easy to install as all sheet materials. It practically does not burn, but will not last long, because it can become damp. To enhance the water resistance, the asbestos plywood coating will have to be periodically painted over.

Perhaps, all the shortcomings of sheet coverings are taken into account in a new, modern material - composite tiles. This is a sheet roofing, which is steel sheets coated on both sides with an aluminum alloy. This is followed by layers of aluminum primer, stone granules and acrylic glaze. The material does not know what corrosion is, does not transmit heat and sound, does not change color under the action of solar radiation, does not transmit or absorb moisture. It is fastened with forged nails.

Composite tiles can last half a century, but during the construction of the roof, it will be necessary to provide a vapor barrier, since composite tiles do not allow steam to pass through. The second disadvantage is that the material has a high cost.

Type-setting or piece roofing includes such coatings as natural, polymer-sand, cement-sand, ceramic tiles. Beautiful in appearance, having all the possible advantages, having almost a century of service life, tiles are not the most common roofing material. Tiled roofing has a very high cost and no less heavy weight. Therefore, it is used in the construction of only elite structures and requires a reinforced truss system and high-quality crates.

Color solutions

Choosing the right roof color for your home can be tricky.

In doing so, the following factors must be taken into account:

• location of the building;
• climatic conditions;
• color scheme of the facade;
• the color of adjacent buildings.

Most often there are roofs of the following colors:

• brown;
• red;
• burgundy;
• dark green;
• black.

The prevalence is explained by the fact that these colors are well combined with facades of various types and colors. When choosing a roof color, you need to understand that dark colors absorb solar radiation, so a dark roof will heat up in the heat of summer.

For this reason, dark roofs are more often used in northern regions. While in the southern regions light roofing materials are used more. Bright colors on roofing look very impressive, but fade quickly and are used only for buildings built without architectural frills.

When choosing a color scheme for a roof, it must be remembered that shades of the same spectrum are always win-win combined with each other. For example, if the facade is painted in warm colors, then the roof is made warm color. Cold colors are combined with cold shades. A classic is the combination of natural shades with beige and brown flowers, as well as with ocher.

for the roof gray color an interesting facade is needed, otherwise the house will look boring.

Manufacturers Overview

The modern construction market offers huge selection roofing coatings from both domestic and foreign manufacturer. Most famous brands roofing coverings that are in demand and have proven themselves in modern construction market, can be classified according to the country of origin.

• Germany is represented by such three well-known manufacturers as:

1. the Lafarge concern is famous for its Braas brand roofing;
2. the Crotop concern produces accessories for roofs;
3. Creaton manufactures ceramic tiles.

• The Spanish company Cupa Natural Slate produces roofing slates of the Cupa brand.
• The Italian company Tegola Canadese produces shingles on a bitumen basis of the Tegola brand.
• The French company OFIC SA produces roofing materials of the Onduline brand;
• The French company Terreal produces ceramic tiles of the Terreal brand.

• Popular Finnish manufacturers are the following:

1. Lemminkainen manufactures bitumen roofing, mastics, roll coverings and shingles under the Pikipika brand;
2. Katepal OY manufactures roofing and waterproofing coatings under the Ruflex brand;
3. Weckman Steel OY manufactures Weckman brand metal roofing and corrugated board.

• Among Russian manufacturers the most famous are the following:

1. trading house "Omi" produces roofing coverings of the same name;
2. TechnoNIKOL manufactures shingles shingles;
3. Supron LLC produces Suprn brand roofing from environmentally friendly components.

Do not lag behind in a variety of types, types and colors and Chinese roofing.

• Chinese-made coatings are as follows:

1. metal - made of copper, zinc, galvanized steel;
2. mineral - from crushed natural stone;
3. organic - bitumen, polymers, wood shingles, straw are used for production.

The most popular Chinese metal tile made of cold-rolled galvanized steel. The material is durable, does not burn, does not deform. Can last up to 100 years.

Accessories and tools

To get a beautiful, high-quality roof, you need to use the right fasteners - screws, self-tapping screws, screws. It is also necessary to have at least a minimum set of tools for roofing.

To mount the roof, you will need tools such as:

• carpenter's hammer;
• a construction stapler for attaching a vapor barrier sheet;
• a medium-sized hacksaw with a blade length of up to 40 centimeters;
• construction cord for leveling the roof;
• contrasting color marker for marking;
• screwdriver with suitable nozzles;
• pliers.

How to make your own?

Since roofing does not require special equipment, they can be done independently.

Roofing works can be divided into three stages, namely:

• design;
• erection of the truss system;
• roofing.

At the design stage, the shape of the roof and the steepness of the slopes are determined.

The decisive factors will be:

• climatic conditions: a lot of snow and rain - the slope is steep, strong winds - on the contrary, gentle;
• type of roofing material. For example, when using shingles, the angle of inclination must be at least 22 degrees, because otherwise rainwater will seep through the joints.

The rafter system is the most important part of the roof and is a system of inclined rails called rafter legs, vertically arranged racks and inclined struts. Rafters provide roof stability, give reliability to the roof, redistribute the load on the entire building. The location of the elements of the truss system is directly related to the shape of the roof. A gable roof will have one truss system, a hip roof will have another.

When building a roof yourself, you need to remember that even the smallest deviation from the technology of mounting rafters can result in a collapse of the roof.

After the truss structure is ready, they begin to mount the roofing pie, which is a multi-layer structure located directly under the roofing material. The roofing pie serves to protect the roof from moisture penetration, heat loss, and prevents condensation from forming.

It consists of the following elements:

• vapor barrier;
• insulation layer;
• waterproofing;
• counterlattice;
• ventilated space;
• crate;
• roofing material.

To properly mount the roofing pie, you must perform a certain algorithm of actions.

• From the side of the attic, a vapor barrier membrane film is attached to the rafters with a stapler, placing it with the outlet side inside the attic. The seams between the panels of the film are glued with adhesive tape. This is the first layer of the pie.
• The second layer is laid on top - this is a heater, which is better to choose according to the criterion "on fire - does not burn."
• The third layer is a waterproofing film, which covers the insulation on top. It is fixed with a stapler, the seams are glued with tape.
• At the next step, a counter-lattice is nailed to the rafters. A counter-lattice or counter-beam is a beam that provides roof ventilation. Thanks to the counter-lattice, a free space is formed between the insulation layer and the crate, allowing air to circulate freely.

• A crate is nailed to the counter-beam, that is, boards to which the roof will be attached. At the same time, the material of the roof is taken into account: for flexible tiles, a continuous flooring is required, for slate - sparse.
• Lay and fix the coating, using the instructions from the manufacturer.
• Auxiliary roofing structures are installed: snow retainers, gutters.

How to carry out the installation of the roof, see the following video.

• roofing material is chosen when designing the truss system;
• the choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the roof;
• a roof with two or four slopes can be covered with any roofing;
• when buying roofing materials, it is necessary to take installation instructions from the seller;
• tiles are used if the values ​​​​of the angle of inclination of the roof are in the range from 30 to 60 degrees;
• if the slope is an angle of 8 to 18 degrees, it is more advisable to use bituminous coatings;

• steel sheets must be painted every 10 years. The paint will protect the roof from corrosion;
• multi-gable roofs are covered with flexible coatings: corrugated board, bitumen, metal tiles;
• installation of metal tiles begins with the end of the roof. The first sheets are attached to the rafters with one self-tapping screw, screwed into the fold of the wave. This will ensure the mobility of the sheet and allow it to be leveled if necessary. The metal tile can be mounted at any time of the year;
• all types of slate are overlapped using a hinged mount;
• asbestos-cement slate is laid regardless of air temperature, while ondulin and PVC slate become brittle in frost;

• dry, warm weather is necessary for laying roll coatings;
• soft tiles begin to be laid from the eaves;
• before you start laying a roof of ceramic tiles, it will be useful to first practice. Tiles have a special locking system;
• elements of cement-sand tiles have ready-made holes for nails;
• before starting work, it is necessary to take care of fire-retardant and antiseptic impregnation of all wooden roof elements.

General rules Roofing work is as follows:

• cutting is done on the ground. If, nevertheless, it became necessary to cut off the material, already being on the roof, then sawdust must be removed;
• before starting installation, it is necessary to examine the plane of the roof on which the material will be laid. It must have a flat and clean surface;
• work is performed in soft shoes to feel the surface;
• before the final fixing, it is impossible to step on the sheets;
• work begins with the processing of obstacles - chimneys, dormer windows;
• the coating elements are fixed using the fasteners recommended by the manufacturer.

By following the instructions and safety requirements attached to the material, you can create a beautiful, high-quality and durable roof with your own hands.

Beautiful examples in the exterior

When considering any building, a person first of all pays attention to its roof, or rather, to its visible part - the roof. The roof of the house, its appearance always remains the pride of its owner.

Properly selected roofing can become an adornment of even the most nondescript building.

• IN modern world cube-shaped houses are gaining great popularity. The cube house has a flat roof. It is not only beautiful and unusual, but also practical. On a flat roof, you can arrange a recreation area with a terrace and a green lawn.
• A shed roof can become a decoration of a two- or three-story private house. At right choice color solution unusual and interesting options are obtained.

• The asymmetric gable roof on a one-story or two-story private house looks original. The appearance of the building is immediately perceived differently.

There are many options for asymmetrical roofing:

1. Arrange the slopes at different angles.
2. Make slopes of different widths.
3. If the house has several floors, then lengthen one slope, turning it into a canopy.
4. Build a veranda under one of the slopes.

• The use of soft tiles as a coating surprisingly transforms a gable roof.
• The arrangement of viewing windows on the slopes of the roof gives the whole structure originality.

• Several look impressive different types roofs on the same building.

gable roof combines well with a hip roof:

1. The slope is located above the pediment. In addition to the original appearance, such a constructive solution makes it possible to equip a room in the attic.
2. The slope is located under the pediment. Small windows located on the gables will decorate such a roof.

• The appearance of the attic roof becomes more spectacular when the angle of inclination of the rafters changes.
• The decoration of the design of the house will be the device of a canopy over the balcony in the form of a sloping mansard roof.

To make the house extraordinary, memorable, unlike others, allow the right color combinations facade and roof finishes:

• buildings always look harmonious if their facades are light gray, white or lemon color, and the roof is green, or the cream facade under the roof is brown;
• combinations of blue, green, white walls under a black or gray roof look noble and expensive;
• if the buildings around are covered with brown and gray roofs, then the red roof will effectively distinguish the house from the crowd;
• a blue facade with gray or white elements under a gray roof looks elegant and modern;

• classic combination It's a dark top and a light bottom. The most common option. light walls facade and contrasting color of the roof;
• tone-on-tone combination. The roof and walls of the same shade will give the building solidity and elegance;
• dark walls under a light roof. To prevent the roof from dissolving against the general background, it is necessary to repeat its color on windows, doors, gutters.

The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. Spectacular, appropriately designed roofing - business card at home, a measure of the taste of the owners. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and maintain a comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for a private house. All of them can become a reliable, stable and durable solution, provided correct calculation loads on the structure and selection of appropriate building materials.

The roof as a calling card Source freepvpgame.com

The main types of roofs

The main division of roofs into types is made depending on the appearance, and even the naked eye of a non-professional can distinguish one type of roof from another.

flat

Modern fashion trends have made flat roofs a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft, have a slope of up to 3 °. They can be a worthy option for many reasons:

• Due to the minimum area, significant savings are achieved on materials, construction and installation work and construction time. The same can be said about subsequent maintenance and repair.
• Such a roof is an additional multifunctional area. Here you can install an antenna, an air conditioning system or solar panels. The roof makes it possible to equip sports ground, a place for comfortable rest and sunbathing, break a flower garden.

The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters, a large amount of snow can accumulate on such a roof, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings, during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.

On a flat roof you can place a recreation area Source krovlyaikrysha.ru

pitched

Pitched roof - with sloped surfaces that allow the roof to self-clean naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by an angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5° to 70°.

Pitched roof types of roofs of private houses make it possible to use the attic space for household needs and as an attic. The design of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for the finishing coating, and on the climate.

There are various pitched roofs of houses, varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:

• Shed. Such structures rest on walls of different heights. Simple, cheap and durable option.
• gable. They allow you to equip an attic or attic, they remove precipitation well. Practical and common.
• Four slope. The most durable and reliable. But the heavy weight of the roof requires strengthening the supporting structure.
• Tent, design. The most unusual and costly options.

hipped roof; ideal for a house in the form of a square or a regular polygon Source happymodern.ru

spherical

Interest in spherical structures is consistently high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract with additional advantages:

• Streamlined shape. Avoids direct wind pressure, which is a guarantee of strength and integrity.
• Tightness. Provided with roofing material (usually galvanized steel).
• Ease of maintenance. Snow and water do not accumulate on the surface.

Online roof calculator

To find out approximate cost roofs of various types, use the following calculator:

Optimal slope angles for roofs

Professional builders know that the angles of inclination for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining the optimal angle of inclination of the roof, several factors are taken into account:

Natural (climatic) factors

A properly designed roof must withstand the wind and precipitation that is typical for the area.

• In areas with snowy winters, a large angle of inclination of the roof is set (45-60 °); so the snow melts smoothly, the likelihood of glaciation decreases.
• In order for the structure to survive in areas with strong winds, the slope angle is made minimal. To reduce windage, choose a range of 9-20 °.
• In the southern regions, where sunny weather prevails, the best option would be a flat roof, with a slope of 3-5 ° (for water to drain). Compared to other types of roofs, it will heat up less.
• The optimal slope angle is considered to be from 20 to 45 °.

Snow does not accumulate on a properly made roof. Source nagradi.me

Type of roofing material

The minimum slope angle of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing.

• Slate coating, tiles. Moisture will not accumulate and seep with a minimum roof pitch of 22° (for tiles) and 30° for slate.
• Ruberoid, euroroofing material. The number of layers determines the value of the parameter. For a roof of 2 layers, a slope of 15 ° is required, for 3 - 5 ° is enough.
• Professional sheet. The minimum allowable roof pitch is 12°.
• Metal tile. The minimum roof pitch is limited to 14°.
• Ondulin. The minimum indicator is 6 °.
• Soft tiles. Mounted with a slope of 11°.
• Roof coverings of membrane type. Set the minimum slope within 3-5 °.

Video description

What should be the roof - in the video:

Frame structural differences - popular configurations

Despite the high interest in flat roofs, the leader in popularity is still pitched roofs, to which hipped roofs can be attributed with some exaggeration. Therefore, when determining the optimal design, it is preferable to choose from the following options:

Shed

This design is an inclined plane, which is based on external load-bearing walls of different heights. It is supplied with outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: the choice of such a roof excludes the construction of an attic; strong winds can tear even a well-fixed roof. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and the strength of the shed roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.

Shed roof in a modern style Source houzz.es

gable

Classic variants of the roof of a private house, reliably protecting from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such designs are easy to install and reliable in operation; for the roof, you can choose any material. The basis is made up of 2 slopes (slope), based on two walls of equal height.

Another name for a gable roof is a gable roof (a gable is a plane between the slopes).

Advantages:

• Self-cleaning from snow, little chance of leakage.
• Large selection of available materials in the manufacture.
• The possibility of arranging an attic space.

Flaws:

• Difficult installation due to the slope of the roof.
• A weak structural element is the valley (the inner corner at the junction of the slopes), which accounts for the maximum climatic impact.

Source vermonttimberworks.com

Combined (multipliers)

Multi-forceps (valley) frameworks are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the layout of the building does not allow the use of a simpler design. The features of multi-forced forms are:

• Difficult installation of additional crossings, requiring professional knowledge and good weather.
• Additional costs of materials and time, a large amount of waste material.
• To eliminate problems with the appearance of condensate, high-quality steam and waterproofing is carried out, high-quality ventilation is equipped.

Hip and semi-hip

The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). Two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, two lateral ones are triangular (hips). In half-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated form, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.

Such types of roofing for the roof of a private house are difficult to design and install (they require reinforcement of the truss system), but they are economical in terms of material consumption; they justify themselves in northern regions with strong winds.

Source roofsrustulsa.com

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair and design services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Tent

The roof consists of slopes in the form isosceles triangles converging at one point. Such a construction, implying the construction attic floor, difficult to design; mitigating circumstance - a minimum of consumables. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps to withstand the winds.

A special class of roofs are round (dome) roofs, repeating the shape of a figure of rotation. Similar roofs can be seen on places of worship; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and winter gardens, and increasingly in private construction.

vaulted (arched)

A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic room, a hall, a winter garden or an entrance. At the base is placed a supporting structure made of metal, concrete or wood. The coating is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. Such a solution is practical and original; the coating is wind resistant, and the use of a transparent material saves energy.

Source superfb.site

Geodetic

A conventional domed roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.

Geodesic domed roof allows you to get a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. Between themselves, the bars are connected by metal connectors; a connecting beam is mounted between the rows.

To design the structure, a 3D modeling computer program is required. Compared to a pitched roof, the consumption of materials is on average one third less.

Features of mansard roofs

For several centuries, since the invention in France, mansard roofs have been invariably popular. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.

Types of roofs of private houses with an attic please with variety. All kinds of types are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, hipped, domed. IN attic attic enough space to create a living room, practice room, library or winter Garden. Since the attic room is located in the upper part of the building, it requires a special approach:

• Loss of heat from lower living spaces causes condensation to form on the inside of the roof. The design must provide for careful vapor and waterproofing, as well as ventilation.
• The attic does not have internal walls, it is in complete contact with external environment. Actual for the room is thermal insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam. For interior decoration, natural wood is best suited.

Source julifecer.com

Cladding materials

The use of one or another type of material for roofing is primarily due to the climatic features of the region. Even the traditional "issue price" often gives in to common sense - no one has yet been able to save on the quality of the roof. The most popular materials are traditionally:

Tiling (metal, bitumen or ceramic)

• Metal shingles are a popular option, valued for their durability, low price, and ability to withstand impact, which is especially valuable when loading and transporting. The metal tile is lightweight (does not create pressure on the foundation), and is easily attached. The disadvantage is uneconomical installation (a significant percentage goes to waste) and poor sound insulation, which becomes noticeable in any rain.
• Bituminous (flexible) tile. This coating has high sound and heat insulation, but requires professional installation.
• Natural (ceramic) tiles. Time-tested material with the advantages of metal tiles, except for one. Significant weight requires a reinforced roof.

Tiles can be laid on the roof of any shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com

Slate

Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits the scope of its application to buildings for economic purposes. Slate has great strength in bending and impact; it is non-flammable and easily processed (cut by a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (it can become covered with moss over time) and a health hazard.

glass roof

The glass roof (especially its spectacular version - panoramic) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design perfectly protects from the weather and reduces energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in the summer the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.

"Green" roof

The growing attention to environmental issues has generated interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions developed in the Scandinavian countries make it possible to realize the desire to communicate with nature more often.

Log cabin with eco-roof Source pinterest.com

During installation, layers of hydro- and thermal insulation are laid on the roof with a waterproof membrane that protects the roof from roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and, finally, a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.

Eco-roof serves not only decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewer (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant expenses for organization and time for subsequent care are inevitable.

Another green roof option Source pfpi-co.com

Beautiful and original roof projects: photo and video

Video description

See interesting types of roofs of private houses in the following video:

And further original varieties roofs of houses in the photo:

Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a high-tech house Source viendoraglass.com

An interesting design solution for a pitched roof Source remontbp.com

A window in the attic at one time was a difficult technical task Source superdom.ua

The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru

Conical and pitched roofs on the same house Source cosmictherap.com

The manufacture of such structures should be trusted exclusively to professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua

Source weareart.ru

For such beauty to remain functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com

The classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com

In such a design, it is very important to correctly make the junction points of the roof of the first floor to the walls. Source houzz.com

Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels. Source houzz.com

Four-pitched roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a skylight Source casacom.pro

Source pinterest.com

In such structures, it is necessary to carefully calculate the possibility of shrinkage of the building. Source pinterest.com

Large window in the attic good illumination indoors Source houzbuzz.com

An original design that requires careful windage calculations Source pinterest.com

"Modified" classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru

What is interesting here is not so much the design as the material of the cladding. Source superfb.site

An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com

The ideal solution for a roof over the pool - if necessary, the area is completely closed Source rus-teplitsa.ru

Conclusion

Starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable, able to serve for a long time. This choice is not always unambiguous, each option has pros and cons. To make the right decision, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - you should consider a set of issues, including design features and the general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preferences.

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Modern buildings differ in a wide variety of architectural solutions. If earlier almost all buildings were of the same type, now it is difficult to find two similar ones among them. The design of the roof can also be different. The question of what types of roofs are of interest to everyone who decides to build a house. When choosing an option for arranging a roof, you should pay attention not only to its attractiveness, but also to its functionality.

All types of roof structures differ not only in appearance, but also in functional features. There is no ideal option: each type of roof construction has advantages and disadvantages.

Classification by slope angle

According to the angle of inclination of the slopes, all types of roofing are divided into the following two types: flat and pitched.

A flat roof is the simplest, it rests on walls of the same height and has practically no slope. Such roofs have a slope angle of 2.5-3%. The main disadvantage of flat roofs is that, due to the small slope, the removal of melt and rain water is difficult, and as a result, it soon begins to leak. Snow from these roofs has to be removed on their own.

Flat roofs are almost never used for the construction of private households. They are more functional for outbuildings and multi-storey buildings. But they have one advantage that other types of roofing cannot boast of: at the top you can arrange a flower garden and even a pool - the main thing is that the supporting structures can withstand this load.

For construction country houses and cottages usually use pitched roofs. The angle of inclination of the slopes of such roofs is more than 10%. Melt and rain water is easily removed from pitched surfaces; at a large slope angle, snow does not linger on them.

Design classification

According to their structural solution, roofs are non-attic and attic. The first option involves combining with the main room, and the roof of the last floor is the supporting structures of the roof. Attic roofs are not connected to the main room, they can be insulated or cold.

According to the type of ventilation, non-attic roofs are divided into:

• non-ventilated;
• ventilated;
• partially ventilated.

Also, roofs can be operated or not operated.

Geometric classification

Types of roof coverings geometric shape are the following.

Shed roofs . Consist of a single plane. Their truss system is based on the outer walls of the building, which are located at different heights (more: ""). Due to this, a slope is formed. Roofs with one slope are easy to build and do not require large financial costs. But mostly they are used in the construction of various outbuildings. Types of roofing for a roof with one slope can be different: the choice of roofing materials is very wide. For shed roofs, you can use tiles, slate, metal tiles, metal profiles, roofing felt, ondulin, and more (more: ""). Rainwater and snow do not linger on such a surface, in addition, precipitation flows in one direction, thus making it easier to create storm sewers. The main disadvantages of shed roofs are the lack of attic space and a small selection of design solutions.

gable roofs . They are in demand in the construction of private houses - their design consists of two slopes, based on load-bearing walls of the same height. This type of roof is also called gable. (read also: "") The gap between the two slopes (tongs, gables) has the shape of a triangle. As for the construction itself, it is more difficult than creating a shed version, but easier than other types of cottage roofs.

The gable roof is reliable, well removes rain and melt water, snow, can withstand strong wind loads. Besides, she looks much more interesting. shed roof. For gable structures, you can use different roofing.

Mansard roofs - This is a type of duplex. But the roof slopes themselves are characterized by broken lines. Another variant of the name of such roofs is “broken”, since the slopes can be refracted at different angles. The presence of a break increases the area and volume of the attic, which is subsequently used as housing and is called an attic.

Therefore, this version of the roof device is called "mansard". Its pediments are shaped like a pentagon. The design of such a roof is characterized by certain features, but it can be built easily and quickly. you can think of quite a lot. They are preferred to be built much more often than other types of roofs of one-story houses.

Thermal insulation is also important, since the attic is built into the roof. Accordingly, the temperature in such a room will depend on the quality of thermal insulation. If it is done in accordance with all the rules, then you can live in the attic even in winter. Otherwise, the room under the roof can only be used in the summer.

As for the height of the roof with an attic, it should not be less than 2.2 meters. Otherwise, there will be inconvenience when moving along it.

For these roofs, a system of double-pull rafters and beams is used. Their shape contributes to the rapid and efficient removal of snow and water from the roof. The slope angles of the hip roofs are 45 degrees. They also withstand strong winds well. Due to the large angle of inclination, the hipped roof must be equipped with gutters. It is better to entrust the construction of such a roof to specialists, since it requires a complex truss system. If you do not adhere to the accuracy of the parameters, the roof will not last long.

Types of roofing for this type of roof can be different. You can use both light and heavy roofing materials. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the second materials for roofing last longer, plus, they have better thermal insulation. But at the same time, the use of such roofing products requires the creation of a reinforced rafter system. Most often, hip roofs are built in the southern regions.

Half hip roof . These are ordinary hip roofs with truncated triangular slopes. At the heart of the house is a regular polygon or square, so all four slopes look like a triangle, and their vertices converge at one point. A roof in the form of a pyramid can decorate any building. Installation of this type roofing is also difficult, as is the installation of hip roofs. Their construction is also best entrusted to specialists. Read also: "

Also, such roofs are used to create an overlap of a part of a building or even an entire building. Dome roofs are made from bent frame elements. Such types of roofing materials are used for the roof as soft (roofing felt, glass tiles) and flexible (galvanized steel sheets, plastic tiles).

Currently, you can see on private houses and cottages the most various options coatings. Types of roofing for the roof are very diverse. Everyone can choose for their home suitable option roofing and type of roofing material. Any method of creating a roof has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing the type of roofing and roofing material, it is necessary to take into account not only external beauty, but also functional differences. Continuation: " ".

The choice of roofing material is an issue that should be resolved at the stage of creating a building project. In this case, it is necessary to take into account all factors, ranging from the design solution of the house, ending with the strength of the wind in the region and the amount of snow falling in winter.
Modern manufacturers offer a huge selection of coatings for various roofs, ranging from urban mansions, ending with outbuildings on a summer cottage.

This includes metal tiles roofing sheeting, ondulin, slate, folded roof.

At the heart of the metal tile is a cold-rolled steel sheet with several layers protective coating. In appearance, the coating resembles ceramic tiles. It is mounted on the crate with self-tapping screws with the obligatory use of rubber gaskets. Given the light weight of the sheets, laying can be done alone.

This type of roofing is convenient for transportation, and the low price makes it affordable for a wide range of consumers.

The disadvantages are the low level of sound insulation and high percent waste.

They are used both in industrial construction and in the construction of roofs of private houses, garages. Used to create a false roof when framing flat roofs.

Decking

A cheaper analogue is roofing corrugated board. Sheets have waves of various heights and geometries and are characterized by high flexural strength. It also applies to noisy roofs and requires additional soundproofing. Decking is often used for roofs of outbuildings, shops, car washes.

Ondulin is an organic material made from cellulose fiber impregnated with bitumen with the addition of polymers. Lightweight, environmentally friendly safe cover has a very high water resistance. At correct installation able to withstand loads up to 960 kg. on square meter. The disadvantage is the low class of fire safety. This material is used for covering garages, sheds, baths. Due to its good flexibility, it is perfect for complex roofs.

Slate is now used more for the construction of outbuildings, less often for country houses. The material is cheap, strong enough, with good sound insulation. Its main disadvantage is the asbestos that is part of it, which is unsafe for human health. In addition, when used in a humid environment, slate quickly fades, moss forms on the surface.

Seam roofing is made of rolled metal for the entire length of the slope. Its name comes from the seam connection, which fixes the coating in one piece. The work is carried out by professional roofers using special tools. It turns out a light, durable roof that has an attractive appearance. Due to the flexibility of the metal, seam roofing is used in the construction of complex roofs. The disadvantages are high noise and the need for additional insulation.

In the manufacture of seam roofing, in addition to steel, copper and aluminum can be used. The finish is beautiful and very durable. The only negative is the high cost of the material.

Soft roof

Its varieties are flexible tiles, roll-on welded roofing, and membrane roofing.
All of them are characterized by good flexibility and strength, which allows them to be used in the construction of roofs of any shape. They are mounted on a rigid base made of plywood, OSB board, concrete or other building material with a flat surface.

Flexible roof tiles

The flexible tile is made of the fiberglass impregnated with bitumen. To give color and protection from sunlight, stone chips are applied on top. When laying it, it is very important not to deviate from technology. From a properly prepared base, waterproofing, temperature regime depends on the life of the roof.

The rolled built-up roof is similar in composition shingles. During installation, it is fixed with a heated bitumen base. The price of the roof is low. It is well suited for the construction of flat roofs of houses.

On flat roofs, a flat membrane roof is often used. The membranes are made of PVC, EPDM, TPO and create a durable, water resistant coating.

Piece roofing materials

These include different kinds tiles and slate tiles. All of them are made from natural raw materials and have a very long service life.

Ceramic tiles are popular due to their aesthetic properties. But due to the large weight of the roof, it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening roof structures. In addition, the disadvantages include labor-intensive installation and the high cost of tiles.

A cheaper analogue can be called sand-cement tiles. It is made without firing by pressing raw materials. To give color, dyes are added, often the surface is glazed.

Slate coating is considered elite. Roofs from this natural material can last up to 200 years. This was confirmed by ancient castles and palaces that have retained their original appearance to this day. But in modern construction, such a roof is not often built due to high cost material and the need for its implementation by professional craftsmen.

It is made on the basis of oligomers and is supplied in liquid form. When applied to a base made of metal, concrete or bitumen, it hardens in air and forms an elastic film.

This waterproof coating can last up to 15 years. The only downside is different thickness layers in the finished coating. Self-leveling roofing is commonly used in the manufacture of flat roofs.

Now, having familiarized yourself with the properties of various roofing materials, you can take into account your capabilities and needs, and choose the right coating for your home.