• Repair
• Repair
• Interior Design
• About everything
• About plumbing

The roof of a private house - types of construction, the best design ideas and modern forms (75 photos). Types of roofs of private houses by design and geometric shapes Types of roofs for summer cottages

A reliable roof is one of the main elements of a private house, which protects the building from rain, wind, snow and others. natural phenomena. Without her dear, it is impossible to build a house in our latitudes. In addition, today the roof of a private house is more than just a part of general design protecting from bad weather. Thanks to huge selection roofing materials and design developments, the roof of a country house allows you to emphasize the status and taste of the owner.

When building a house on your own, you need to know and understand many aspects of the construction business, and roof installation is one of the most complex and time-consuming. To make the roof of a private house with your own hands, in addition to knowledge about the types of roofs, they design features and installation stages, you will need 3 or 4 more reliable assistants who know a lot about the installation of the roof structure.

Types of roofs of private houses

The design of the roof of a private house directly depends on which type of roof will be used. There are only two types of roofs: pitched and flat. And if a private house with a flat roof for the latitudes of the CIS - more exotic, and such houses can be found sooner in hotter regions, then the pitched roof of a private house is used everywhere. And there are many reasons for this, the main of which is the presence of a large amount of precipitation. It's about pitched roofs oh, let's talk about it.

A pitched roof is a structure whose roof plane is placed at an angle of more than 10 degrees. Such a roof can be with or without an attic. Among the pitched roofs are distinguished:

• pitched roofs;
• gable roofs;
• hipped hipped roofs;
• four-pitched hip roofs;
• mansard roofs;
• hipped roofs;
• spire roofs.

Important! Shed roofs are most often performed with an angle of inclination of 20 - 30 degrees, gable roofs with an angle of 25 - 45 degrees, mansard roofs can have two angles of inclination: 25 - 35 degrees for the upper part and 45 - 60 degrees for the lower part.

Types of roofs of private houses: photo - scheme

Design and arrangement of the roof of a private house

About what kind of roof a country house will have, you need to take care at the stage of creating a private house project. This is due to the convenience of building a house as a whole. Of course, if it becomes necessary to make a completely new roof for an already built house, you will have to develop a new roof project that will harmoniously fit into the overall architectural concept. For self-creation a new roof project, you can use special architectural programs or contact an architectural organization. Today there are quite a lot of such firms, and each of them will be able to offer finished projects roofs of private houses, well thought out and time-tested. The second option is preferable, especially if you are new to architecture. And in order not to make mistakes, it is better to leave work on the roof project to professionals.

Sometimes, to give individuality, designers use not quite ordinary forms of roofs of private houses. Such roofs are usually distinguished by smooth shapes and rounded edges. But such beauty is achieved due to the complexity of the truss structure, which leads to an increase in its weight.

Roof projects of private houses - photo:

For those who decide to create a roof project on their own, below is a video tutorial on creating a roof project in the architectural program ArchiCAD:

When designing a roof on your own, you need to know how it works, what it consists of and what materials are best to use. This is very important, because without knowing the name of this or that element, and without understanding what it is for, it will be impossible to make the project correctly.

The main structural elements of the roofs of private houses:

• roof. This is the outer part of the roof, its covering, which performs the function of protecting the entire structure of the house from various natural phenomena, such as rain, snow, etc.;
• crate. Part of the roof structure on which the insulation and roofing are attached. The crate itself is attached to the rafters;
• ridge run. The top of the entire truss structure in the form of a beam to which the rafters are attached;
• rafters. This structural element performs the functions of stiffeners for the entire roof. Rafters are placed at an angle and can be hanging and layered. The basis for the hanging rafters are only two extreme supports, often these are walls. Such rafters work in compression and bending. Most often, hanging rafters are used for mansard roofs. The rafters are supported by two extreme points of support and, in addition, by several internal ones (walls or support beams). Laminated rafters work only for bending.

Important! In houses with several spans, hanging and layered rafters can alternate in the truss structure. In places where there are no intermediate supports, hanging rafters are used, and where there are supports, layered ones.

• Mauerlat. These are special beams laid around the perimeter on top of the walls. The entire truss structure is supported by Mauerlats and connected to them. Mauerlat is laid flush with the wall and carefully waterproofed from the side of the wall.
• diagonal ties. To give the entire structure rigidity, the rafters are connected to the power plates and longitudinal beams using diagonal ties, they are also called braces.
• internal supports. Since the roof has a fairly large weight, vertical internal supports are used to evenly distribute its load on the structure of the house and give additional rigidity. These beams connect the truss structure and the longitudinal beams.

The entire roof structure is connected to the walls of the house with the help of special studs (ruffs). Also, supporting niches can be cut out under the rafters and connected with 6 mm steel wire.

For the truss structure of the roof of a private house, wood is most often used. Of course they create metal constructions, but the tree is the most common due to its lower price and availability. Depending on the structure itself, the pitch of the rafters and the calculated loads for the truss structure, a bar with a section from 40x150 mm to 100x250 mm is used. More detailed information is presented in the table:

Table number 1. Characteristics of materials for the roof of a private house

The cross section of the rafters also depends on their length. Table No. 2 shows the relationship between the length of the rafters and their cross section.

Table number 2. Sections of rafter legs

The slope of the roof also depends on the type of roof. Table 3 presents the necessary data.

Table number 3. Technical characteristics of roofs

When creating a roof project, remember the following basic rules:

• The calculated load of snow on the roof structure with a slope of less than 60 degrees should be at least 180 kg / m2, and in some cases 400 - 500 kg / m2. If the angle of inclination is more than 60 degrees, the load is not taken into account.
• The calculated wind load is 35 kg/m2. With a rafter slope of more than 30 degrees, it is necessary to make an additional correction for an increase in load.
• When designing, two important parameters must be taken into account: strength and deformation.
• To strengthen the structure, you can use metal elements. In this case, in order to protect the wooden elements from condensation, moisture and decay, they must be treated with a special compound.

The requirements for the roof structure can be found in more detail in the document SNiP "Loads and Impacts".

How to build a roof of a private house

By creating a project and purchasing everything necessary materials, you can proceed to the construction of the roof truss structure. As noted earlier, this type of work will require 3 - 4 partners. The construction of the roof of a private house begins with the manufacture necessary elements designs. Then we proceed to the installation:

1. First of all, Mauerlats are laid and fixed on the longitudinal load-bearing walls. We fix them to the walls with anchor bolts. If provided by the project, we cut through the supporting niches in the Mauerlats.
2. To simplify the construction of rafters, it is necessary to make a template. We take two boards, connect their ends with one nail. We install the free edges of the boards on the Mauerlats. By spreading the ends to the sides, we select the desired angle of inclination and, using the transverse crossbar, fix the boards in this position. Do not forget to make sure that the skate is strictly in the center of the building. To do this, we use a plumb line.
3. Now the resulting template can be applied to the rafter beams and cut them at the required angle.
4. After the first rafters have been cut out, we connect them and fix them at the intersection with 3 nails or bolts.
5. We raise the connected rafters up and put them in place, after which we make the following ones.
6. We install the second rafters at the end of the building and fix them.
7. Now we take the cord and pull it between the installed rafters, while making sure that the stretched cord is strictly horizontal. If necessary, lower one of the installed rafters a little.
8. We make the rest of the rafters and install them along a stretched cord with a step specified in the project.
9. To strengthen and increase the stability of the structure, we install and fix the support posts and diagonal ties.

Important! Nails are usually used to fasten and fix all structural elements. But today on the market you can also find stamped metal parts that somewhat simplify the process of erecting a truss structure.

How to insulate the roof of a private house

Having completed the construction of the truss structure, you can proceed to the insulation of the roof. These works are carried out immediately before laying the roof. But all calculations and the choice of materials for the insulation of the roof of a private house are carried out at the design stage. Roof insulation is important for several reasons. Firstly, it protects the entire structure from large temperature fluctuations, which affects the durability of the materials used. Secondly, with proper thermal insulation, the dew point moves closer to the outer edge of the roof, and thus a favorable and comfortable microclimate is formed in the house.

When choosing materials for thermal insulation of the roof, you should focus on the following characteristics:

• resistance to temperature fluctuations;
• moisture resistance;
• low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• environmentally friendly materials that do not emit harmful substances;
• low flammability;
• material density is not more than 250 kg/m3.

There are many different thermal insulation materials on the market today. Among them, the most popular mineral wool, but experts recommend paying attention to another material - foamed glass. Any of these materials will be the right choice.

In order for the thermal insulation of the roof to be of high quality, it is necessary to do the following:

1. On the inside of the rafters, we lay the vapor barrier and fix it to the rafters with brackets. Let the sheets of vapor barrier material overlap each other and glue them with adhesive tape. We make sure that the vapor barrier material tightly fits all the rafters.
2. Now we fill wooden planks on the rafters in increments of 50 cm, which will hold the thermal insulation on them.
3. We carefully cut the thermal insulation so that it lies right next to the rafters and does not leave gaps, and put it in place.
4. To ensure reliable protection of thermal insulation from moisture, we lay a layer of waterproofing on the outside of the rafters. On top we fill the laths of the crate, on which the roof will subsequently be laid. These strips also act as fasteners for waterproofing. It remains to lay the roofing materials, and the roof for a country house is ready.

How to cover the roof of a private house

The market offers a variety of roofing materials, and make right choice sometimes quite difficult. To facilitate this task, you must be guided by the following parameters:

• roofing weight. It should be no more than 250 kg / m2.
• Durability. It's simple, the longer the better.
• Fire resistance. Non-combustible material will be more preferable.
• Environmental friendliness. From how much roofing material clean and natural, the internal microclimate of the house will depend.
• Ease of installation. The easier and easier it is to lay the roofing material, the less time will be spent and the easier it will be to repair the roof.
• aesthetic appeal.

Today, metal, ceramic and cement-sand tiles are very popular. These roofing materials, combined with good sound and heat insulation and durable roof structure will create a reliable roof. As for ordinary slate, it is still one of the most used roofing materials, but due to its non-environmental friendliness, slate is gradually losing popularity. Separately, I would like to highlight bitumen and polymer-bitumen materials. They belong to the class of soft roofing materials, and the price makes them affordable for everyone. Unfortunately, the level of their flammability leaves much to be desired, but subject to all fire safety standards, they can be a reliable roof. For those who are not constrained by funds, experts recommend turning their attention to shale materials. This type of roofing has been known for a very long time, and today it is becoming even more popular due to its natural origin, durability, non-combustibility and very high attractiveness.

In cottages and country houses today, many types of roofs are used. Each of them has its own characteristics. The roof of a private house performs many functions. Materials for its arrangement are used very different. Before creating a roof project for a private house, you should consider all options in order to choose the best one for yourself.

Main types

In construction, many options for the roofs of a private house have been developed. The choice of the type of form is influenced by the location of the cottage, its total area, the image of the building itself, as well as the preferences of the owners of suburban real estate.

Roofs of private houses can be flat and pitched. Their difference lies in the slope of the roof surface. If the slope angle is more than 10 degrees, such roofs for private houses are called a pitched surface. Otherwise, the cottage has a flat roof. If everything is simple with this type of roof, then you should familiarize yourself with the previous type in more detail.

The roofs of private houses (photo below), which have an angle of inclination of the roof plane, have several subspecies.

Simple varieties of pitched roofs

The simplest types of pitched roofs include single and gable types.

Shed types of roofs in private houses are used more often for outbuildings or non-residential premises, for example, for a garage or a barn. The development of such an option should take into account the fact of relying on the beams of the structure. The walls act as direct guides.

A more popular type of roofs of private houses are their gable varieties, an example of which is shown in the photo below. The design consists of two identical planes, which, under a slope, are supported by the load-bearing walls of the building. Similar roofs of private houses resemble a triangle in appearance. The presented type of roof arrangement is one of the oldest and most frequently used. It can be argued that the triangular shape of the gable roof has passed the test of time, and the technology of its construction has already been worked out to the smallest detail.

hip roof

In addition to the main varieties of the roof of private houses built under a slope, there are other forms. They are widely used in construction to create an original image of the building.

The hip structure is characterized by several triangular-shaped slopes. This configuration is designed exclusively by professionals. Hip types of roofs of private houses (photo can be viewed below) are very resistant to wind and precipitation.

This design is endowed with 4 planes, which outwardly resemble a trapezoid. The corners give the name to the shape, as they are called hips. The roof of a private house of the presented type remains clean under the influence of adverse weather factors, as debris and precipitation from it are freely blown away by gusts of wind. In such a roof, a dormer window will look good. Attics are built under it or terraces are equipped.

There are half hip roofs. With a similar design in the attic, it is allowed to make a full-fledged window.

hipped roof

For polygonal or square buildings, a hip roof is used. All its planes are in the form of triangles converging at one point - the apex. The hipped roofs of private houses are shown in the photo below.

The skate in the presented design is missing. She is absolutely symmetrical. This type of roof looks quite practical. The building will have a nice appearance.

Hipped types of roofs of private houses are resistant to strong winds. In the classic version - 4 slopes. However, there are models with a large number of planes.

Other types of roofs

There are many other types of forms.

The multi-gable roof has a complex system of elements. Only a professional is allowed to develop such a form.

For the attic type of building, a broken type of roof is ideal. The slopes have a special angle of fracture of the planes. This allows you to maximize the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic for arrangement. private room. The construction of roofs of private houses of the considered form is quite simple. It will allow you to create an additional room in the cottage.

Conical shapes are rarely used in modern construction. Their purpose is to create a unique, original visual effect. The cottage will immediately transform into a medieval castle. You can complement the image with various balconies, verandas or decorative turrets.

Whatever type of roof is chosen, its general appearance should correspond to the image of the cottage. The wrong shape of the roof will look ridiculous.

flat roof

Flat roofs of private houses (see photo below) in modern construction are used in creative design projects for the construction of suburban buildings.

IN summer time good points this type of roof has a lot. On a flat surface, you can place a pool, create a flower garden or a gazebo. It can be a play area or a place of rest, a solarium and other facilities. It all depends on the imagination of the owners of the cottage.

Roof projects for private houses can have an all-glass roof. This will solve the issue with the lighting of the upper floor in daytime. At night it will be very beautiful to watch the stars.

To prevent water from lingering on such a roof, a minimum slope of this structure is arranged in a private house. Thanks to him, precipitation will not accumulate on a flat surface.

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of attic ventilation. To solve this problem, a distance is left between the thermal insulation and the ceiling during construction.

Despite this feature, the flat views of the roofs of private houses (photo below) are very attractive for decorating the overall style of the cottage. With their help, many design ideas are brought to life.

Roof slope

In order to correctly perform the slope of the roof, one should take into account the features of the roofing materials used to equip the facility. Also, the climatic characteristics in which the building is located have a significant impact on the indicator.

Metal roofing should have a slope of 16 to 22 degrees. Mineral materials such as asbestos cement, slate and roof tiles should be laid at a slope of 27 to 45 degrees. Wooden types of roofs of private houses have a slope of 18 degrees. These include board, shingle and dranichnaya variety of material.

Bitumen and resin materials are mounted on structures with a roll angle of 5 to 30 degrees. The considered indicators, along with the weight of the material and the total load of the roof, are taken into account when calculating the optimal configuration of the system, the number of its planes.

Roofing from a metal tile

The process of building the roof of a private house with your own hands will require a serious, scrupulous attitude. When using a metal tile, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules and recommendations.

Cutting metal sheets is allowed only with special scissors. The grinder creates a lot of sparks, which is unsafe for the worker.

If scratches occur on the material, they should be repaired immediately to prevent corrosion.

Do-it-yourself construction of the roof of a private house from metal tiles requires moving along it in soft shoes. You can only step on concave areas. They adhere to the crate and withstand the load.

Carrying out scheme installation work involves a certain sequence of actions. Initially, waterproofing is installed on the rafter system. Then a crate is made with a step of boards of 0.5 m. It is better to lay horizontal elements with a step of 0.25 m. Planks with an internal angle under the valleys and cornice elements are installed on it.

Start from the lower left corner and bring it to the ridge. At the internal joints, a valley plank is installed, as well as end plates. The final stage is the installation of the ridge and the place for the chimney.

Slate roof

Slate is one of the classic options for arranging a roof. This type of material does not require the installation of a vapor barrier, which makes it cheaper to build the roof of a private house with your own hands. The advantage of slate is fire safety.

Its popularity is due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. The material is resistant to temperature extremes, to negative influences environment. It is able to create good sound insulation.

Roof service life mineral materials is several decades.

The disadvantages of slate are fragility and big weight. However, these features do not reduce its relevance.

wooden roof

The construction of the roof of a private house with the help of wood implies a careful attitude to this natural material.

Before installation, all boards are treated with a special solution, which will increase their durability and fire safety. After installation, they are painted with enamel.

In order not to overdo it with nails, the boards should be laid according to a certain pattern. A nail is driven into the center of the roof element on top of the board. On the sides, the hardware is driven in from below.

If the installation involves laying two layers of roofing, the first one is mounted first. The boards of the second row should fall in the center at the junction of the base elements.

Ondulin roofing

One of the brightest representatives of bituminous materials that can be used to cover the roof of a private house is ondulin. This is a very weather-resistant type of roof. Lightness is also considered its advantage. Ondulin is allowed to be mounted immediately on the old base.

It has good water resistance, resistance to temperature extremes. Fungus and mold do not start on the roof of ondulin, which significantly increases its service life. Sun rays also not able to affect the qualities characteristic of this roof.

Ondulin is fastened with special nails at the rate of 20 pieces per 1 sheet of 10 waves. Roof elements are nested in rows in a checkerboard pattern. It is forbidden to stretch the sheets, otherwise the roof will deform over time and cease to perform its functions.

Ondulin is considered one of the most profitable materials for self-assembly. Its cost is quite acceptable, and the installation process does not require special efforts for transporting sheets to the roof. These factors explain the popularity of the presented material.

Starting the construction of a country house, you need to familiarize yourself with all the principles of arranging its roof. There are many types of them. The roof of a private house should be combined with common style buildings, take into account the conditions of the area and the dimensions of the cottage itself. Applying various materials for the arrangement of the roof, it is necessary to follow all the rules for its installation. A properly built roof will serve its owners for decades.

The types of roofs by design are determined at the design stage of the house. When choosing a configuration, it is worth considering the appearance and facade of the building, as well as climatic conditions in which the building is located, general architectural requirements.

General about roofs

Types of roofs of private houses and their names are determined by their technical specifications. In many ways, the aesthetics and character of the building depend on the roof. It can have one, two or more slopes, be flat or exclusive. Roofs with two or four slopes are more typical for cottages.

Flat structures are used in multi-storey and industrial buildings. These are the most common types of roofs for garages and outbuildings. However, flat ones have a big drawback - they quickly leak and more money is spent on their maintenance than on a pitched roof.

The concepts of "roof" and "roof" should not be confused, since these elements, although related to each other, but the essence of their device is different. The roof is the most top element buildings that perform enclosing, load-bearing, water and heat-insulating functions. The roof is the part of the roof that protects the building from external influences atmosphere. For its installation, slate, tile, metal and other roofing materials are used. Types of roofs for a private house will be presented in this article.

Tilt classification

According to the angle of inclination of the slopes, the roofs are divided into flat and pitched. A roof with a flat slope is considered to be one in which the angle of inclination of opposite edges does not exceed 2.5 degrees. This design has a significant drawback - precipitation lingers on it, subsequently leading to wear and leakage.

Fallen leaves and precipitation from the sloping roof are removed by hand. For the construction of cottages and private houses, this design is not used. Flat roofs crown multi-storey and industrial building, non-residential buildings and garages.

When building private houses, they almost always use pitched structures. The roof will be considered as such if the angle of inclination is equal to or exceeds 10 degrees. Snow and moisture do not stagnate on the slopes, which reduces external pressure on the roof.

Types of roofs by design: photo and definition

There are roofs that are separated from the room, that is, attic, and combined with the room - non-attic. Attic, in turn, are heated and unheated. Atticless are divided into fully or partially ventilated and non-ventilated.

The possibility of using the roof for domestic and other purposes divides them into operated and non-operated. Technological progress and the imagination of designers have given us the most diverse types of roofs by design. The photos and drawings presented in this article will allow you to visually familiarize yourself with them.

Types and designs of house roofs in geometric shape

Shed roofs are a single plane lying on rafters installed at different heights, due to which a slope is formed in one direction. The most suitable roof option for an outbuilding is not too costly and not too laborious. Any roofing material can be used as a coating. There is no attic room with one slope. However, it is still possible to equip an attic under a shed roof, but this will require a special additional project.

Gable roofs consist of two planes lying on load-bearing walls, on the same level. In another way, such roofs are called gable. A triangular section of the wall, "sandwiched" between two slopes, is called a "tongue". The gable design is more complicated than a shed, but at the same time it is much simpler than all other types of roofs.

Gable structures are also divided in a certain way. Types and raznoskatnaya. The attic is characterized by broken lines of slopes at different angles and pentagonal pediments. This design suggests more free space for the organization of the attic. The upper slopes are located at a small angle.

Advantages and disadvantages of a gable roof

The ability to adjust the cornice plumb lines is provided by the gable types of roofs of private houses. Drawings and additional projects in this case do not need to be done, since the integrity of the common roof is not violated. The gable roof has other notable advantages over other configurations:

• Affordability of construction.
• Simplicity and economy of design.
• The full height of the building and the possibility of arranging windows in the gable area.
• Simplicity self erection without the involvement of expensive specialists.

The disadvantages include:

• The dependence of the height and angle of inclination on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. How more house, the more material is required to create a gable roof.
• The organization of the attic requires an increase in the height and number of load-bearing elements, which increases the cost of construction.

Roof for a house with an attic

Mansard types of gable roofs are built during the construction of summer cottages and cottages. Height mansard roof according to technological standards, it cannot be less than 2.3 m, since such a height is provided for the ceilings of residential premises. attic is layered and hanging.

The layered system is permissible only when the distance between two load-bearing walls is not more than 7 meters. Its essence lies in the fact that one end of the rafters enters the load-bearing wall, and the other - into interior wall or specially erected support structure.

Some types of roofs of private houses with an attic are based on the principle. Hanging rafters are used when the structure does not have internal main walls. The support for hanging trusses is a Mauerlat (a log or a very thick beam located on the upper edge of the outer wall). For resistance to loads, trusses are fastened with staples or wire.

The mansard roof is also divided into several types. This:

• Symmetrical.
• Asymmetrical.
• broken line.
• Shatrovaya.

A symmetrical attic is created with a gable roof. Wherein attic space will have walls of the same height and width. The symmetrical shape allows you to install full-fledged windows under the roof, and, if necessary, doors, if access to the balcony is expected.

The asymmetrical shape is provided by the hip arrangement of the slopes. In this case, the attic room will be a small area. Two of its walls will be in the form of triangles, and the other two - trapezoids.

broken line gable roof so called because it has external breaks in the edges to expand the attic space. A feature of the broken structure is the small height of the walls in the attic room. Such a roof is often mounted in cases where the attic is built on an already built house. The broken structure eliminates the load on the foundation, which was not intended to create another residential floor.

Under a hipped roof, the attic can be round, conical, pyramidal. It is very difficult to equip window or door openings in such a specific room, since they must be made according to special drawings. Simple rectangular openings in this case will not work.

More about hip and hip design

As mentioned above, hip and hipped roofs are suitable for construction.

The hip (four-slope) design is distinguished by the fact that two of its faces have and the other two have isosceles trapezoids.

Triangular slopes are located on the same plane as the pediments, and they are called "hips". For hip roof a beam construction with double tightening is used. Precipitation from such a roof is removed quite simply. Hip slopes usually tilt at an angle of 45 degrees.

A steep slope implies the need for a drainage system. It is difficult to equip such a structure with your own hands, since it is characterized by a complex system rafters, the installation of which requires precision and special skills.

There are also This is the same hip design, but its triangular slopes are truncated and set at a lesser slope relative to the trapezoidal slopes.

A hip roof is considered to be a hip roof, in which all the slopes have the same geometric shape. A hipped roof is equipped if the base of the house is laid out in the form of a regular quadrangle or other This design it looks like a pyramid, since all the slopes converge at one point at the top.

Advantages and disadvantages of hip and hip design

The advantages of these types of structures are:

• The fact that houses with such roofs have an original, original appearance.
• Strength, durability and reliability.
• Stability to loads caused by winds and precipitation.
• The attic space is evenly heated from all sides, which allows you to equip the attic with comfortable conditions for living.

Hip and hip roofs also have some disadvantages:

• The structures are very difficult to erect and require special engineering calculations.
• Due to the vast area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes, the design is heavy.
• The high cost of building an attic, since additional walls are required in the attic for its perimeter.

Multi-gable and other rare types of roofs

There are more complex types roofs of private houses. The multiplier is one of those. This design is used on buildings of a polygonal shape, with attics and outbuildings. It is distinguished by an abundance of internal and external corners.

A large number of ribs and ridges gives the house a peculiar zest and distinguishes it from others. Multi-gable configurations are the most spectacular types of roofs of private houses with a balcony and other household and decorative outbuildings.

It implies the presence of a complex and verified truss system, it is advisable to entrust its construction to experienced workers (since correcting mistakes made during self-construction will cost a lot). Multi-gable and hip are the most convenient types of roofs for private houses. With or without an attic, a structure with such a roof structure will be reliably protected from the influence of external negative factors.

Conical and domed roofs - rare, but in their own way interesting options. Not every building can be crowned with such a design. At the heart of a building that claims to have a conical roof or dome, there must either be a circle, or only individual fragments of the building are covered by it - terraces, towers, verandas. Cone and dome - pretty rare species roofs of private houses with a veranda.

In cottage architecture, there are combined, complex combinations that combine elements of tent, dome, gable and hip roof structures. Such original types of roofs crown houses created according to intricate projects, with several residential levels, several balconies, verandas, terraces.

The main elements of the roof

The final step in building a house is the installation of a roof, designed to protect the home from rain, wind, cold and other weather "troubles". The durability of the building itself depends on how professionally the roof will be erected.

Despite the fact that the choice of materials and design solutions for roof construction is very diverse, the principles and common elements anyway will be the same.

A roofing pie is a structure consisting of several layers that creates a protective barrier against the penetration of moisture, thermal condensate, temperature losses and other negative circumstances associated with the operation of the roof. The layers of the pie are mounted in a strictly defined sequence, and each is interconnected with the previous one.

Frame - a system of rafters (bearing elements) on which the roofing cake is laid.

Roofing - a special material designed to protect the building from climatic influences.

Overlapping - a constructive element from reinforced concrete slabs or lighter building materials, "lying" on the load-bearing walls and serving as a ceiling for rooms on the top floor of the building.

Types of roofing materials

There are the following types of roofing, and when choosing them, it is not necessary to take into account the types of roofs by design. Each of the following types is suitable for any frame shape.

• Slate is a "budget" roofing material, but it is in great demand among developers. Recently, slate production has declined due to the introduction of new profile coatings on the market.
• Rolled (soft) materials are made on a bitumen basis and are also affordable. However, they have a significant drawback - poor resistance to temperature extremes. Bituminous materials soften easily in extreme heat and are damaged in severe frost. Fragments of the coating are glued together with mastic, which also loses its elasticity when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. It is believed that the service life of the roll coating does not exceed 7 years.
• The next type of coatings are polymer mastics. They are used both to create a new roofing using seamless technology, and to repair old roofs of any type. Mastics are applied to the surface in liquid form and after hardening create a smooth, seamless, thermally insulating monolithic coating. Their important property is plasticity, which preserves the integrity of the roof in case of temperature deformations.
• Mastics are stable to sun and low temperatures, are light in weight and very durable. Their service life is 25-28 years. Coatings based on rubber mastic the best way suitable for all types of roofs of private houses with an attic.
• Iron or galvanized sheets coated with an anti-corrosion alloy of copper, titanium or zinc are always popular with buyers. They are released in rolls or sheets. Galvanized coating guarantees the safety of the roof up to almost 90 years.
• created by cold forging steel, imitating the texture of tiles. The thickness of the sheet is 0.5 mm, its surface is also treated with an anti-corrosion agent. The disadvantage of profiled steel is that it is not designed for bending and is absolutely not ductile. It is believed that this material is most suitable for simple pitched roofs. country houses and individual cottages.
• The next, no less common and well-known roofing is ceramic and cement tiles. This material is very heavy, so only slopes with an angle of inclination of at least 25 degrees can be covered with it, otherwise a powerful holding system of rafters will be needed. The durability of tiles is high - 90 years or more.

Roof insulation and waterproofing

Whatever the types of roofs by design, they all need additional insulation and protection from moisture penetration. This is especially true for roofs, under which attic rooms are located.

Warming is an important step in creating a reliable and high-quality roofing cake. In order to live comfortably in the attic at any time of the year, it is necessary to choose the right heat-insulating material and professionally install it.

Insulation performed in compliance with all technological rules, provides a normal indoor climate. In winter, the attic will be warm, and in hot weather it will be cool here.

The thermal insulation of a mansard roof is made according to the same principles as for a conventional roof structure, but with increased requirements due to the characteristics of the attic space. Its walls are formed due to the slopes of the roof and gables, which is why the sun overheats them in summer, and in winter such walls quickly freeze through.

The attic roofing pie consists of several layers, the sequence of which must not be broken. This:

• Vapor barrier layer.
• Directly insulating material.
• Ventilation gap.
• Waterproofing.
• Roof covering.

When choosing insulation for a mansard roof, it is important to consider its thermal conductivity. This characteristic shows the ability of the material to pass heat into the room or out. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the insulation, and the better it will protect the attic from cooling. Any types of roofs of private houses with an attic and a garage lose heat during the cold season, because warm air rises according to physical laws.

Heat passes through the roofing cake and enters the roof, which is covered with snow in winter. If the air temperature is not lower than -2.5 degrees, snow, due to its porous structure, performs the function of an external heat insulator.

With too much heat loss, the snow on the roof begins to thaw, resulting in an ice crust. It increases the load on the roof and, unlike snow, allows heat to pass through. If the roof insulation is installed according to the rules, the snow on the surface will not melt, and accordingly, there will be no ice crust.

In summer, when it is too hot, excess heat penetrates into the attic. The air heats up so much that even with an air conditioner it is impossible to maintain a normal microclimate in the room. To avoid such problems, the attic roof is also thermally insulated from the inside.

Before installing the roofing pie for the attic, a heat-insulating material is selected. The number of layers and the thickness of the insulation segment depend on the correct choice. The most common and available materials are considered:

• extruded polystyrene.
• Polyurethane foam.
• Mineral and slag wool.
• Glass wool.
• Foamed glass.

Heaters based on natural materials: reed mats, wood shavings, straw, slag.

How to determine what type of roof your future home should be without drowning in the ocean of variety of options offered by today's construction market?

What type of roofs to choose for a private house?

Any child knows that every house begins with a foundation, and its roof crowns it, and even the most absent-minded person at least once in his life noticed that the types of roofs of houses are very different. A superficial view of the appointment various forms roofing is that the roofs are so different just “for beauty”. In fact, the appearance of the roof is only one (and not the most important) factor that determines the shape of the roof of each particular building.

Numerous types of roofs of private houses appeared in the process of engineering and design solutions to the main tasks that modern roofing is designed to cope with as best as possible:

• rain protection
• effective self-cleaning
• attic space organization
• durable operation
• ease of repair
• economy and environmental friendliness

Understanding what these or those types of house roofs are is not difficult at all, since they are all carefully sorted and cataloged. It should not be forgotten, however, that this cataloging is somewhat arbitrary, and in practice the features of each house are always ready to bring their own individuality into the generally accepted standards.

To help you navigate the matter of choosing the shape of the roof for your future home, we will consider here all the most common types of roofs, photos of which you will find right there, next to the descriptions.

flat roofs

Roofs with a flat surface are rarely used in the construction of private houses. The snow load of such a roof is higher in comparison with the pitched one, as is the price of each mistake in the arrangement of the roofing cake: one small unevenness, and now the place of moisture accumulation is ready, for example. Such a roof cannot be called economical either: rafters, monolithic ceilings - everything must be very durable and of very high quality. The presence of an attic is not considered at all. A flat roof is usually made only where it is planned to be used later as a terrace for the upper floor. In this regard, they are, of course, irreplaceable. But if you are not going to build a terrace roof, then while we are talking about a private residential building, it would be wiser to refuse a flat roof.

pitched roofs

We will dwell on them in much more detail. The angle of inclination of the roof immediately determines many of its future characteristics. It is the ratio of corners and slopes, their location in relation to each other, that creates all the diversity that we will describe below.

monopitch

They are so named because they have only one slope. The main advantage of such roofs is their low price, ease of construction and operation, lightness and airiness, both actual and in terms of appearance.

canopy

The monoslope canopy is an achievement of modern minimalism in construction, it gives the house a somewhat futuristic look. Even a person who has not done this before can cope with the installation of a shed canopy if he follows a simple technology. A monopitch canopy resists the wind well due to the (usually) slight slope, cleans itself well, saves you money on the amount of building materials. Not so long ago, it was believed that the scope of such roofs is primarily determined by the need for economy and the priority of functionality over appearance. Therefore, it was more often possible to meet them on utility buildings and public institutions, hospitals, industrial complexes, and similar facilities. But now Australians, known for their boldness in terms of fashion legislation, confidently set a new trend in the use of canopies in the construction of private homes.

shed roof

The so-called "sawtooth" roofs are used where extreme strength and reliability are required. Such roofs are designed to provide the possibility of suspension on bearing structures lifting industrial equipment. For this reason, shed monopitch roofs are extremely rare to see sheltering someone's private home.

gable roofs

A classic of construction, it is precisely such roofs that little children draw on their first houses in their life with colored pencils. In no way inferior to a shed roof in functionality, it is a little more difficult in terms of construction and more expensive, but it opens up the possibility of arranging an attic space. In the domestic building tradition, you can often find options for an “external” entrance to the attic from the street, the Western style of construction gravitates towards stairs located inside.

The gable roof is simple and reliable, but there are several more complex hybrid forms. For example, the so-called half-hip roofs (when the end slopes do not reach the eaves):

or dutch gable(with small gables):

they are designed to both diversify the appearance of the house and provide more under-roof space. Hybrid gable roof Dormer"adds to your attic" skylight”, which serves to illuminate, ventilate the attic, improve the appearance of your private home.

mansard roof

The same as the previous one, but with broken slopes. The mansard roof looks very respectable and overall; wealthy people like to put such roofs on their spacious houses. Due to its pentagonal shape, the attic roof creates a whole additional floor in the under-roof space, where you can safely place the room you like. Windows are often made right on the slopes, and in areas that are not too snowy, sometimes these windows lead straight up, flooding the attic with light and opening up a mesmerizing view of the night sky.

The price of such a roof is always high compared to a simple gable roof. It grows not only due to a simple complication of the design and an increase in the amount of materials, the need to strengthen the rafters, but also due to increased requirements to the insulation of this type of roof. Due to the fact that the roof space is used as a living space, the insulation system itself changes when the insulation materials are not mounted inside the roof, but on the external installed crate. Big square roofs, again, increases the cost of a large amount of insulation, waterproofing, materials for the construction of battens, coatings.

Despite all these difficulties, mansard roofs have remained popular for many years, and for many, this type of roof is a real blue dream.

A curious European and American version of a broken mansard roof, in which the lower slope does not go down at a steep angle, but, on the contrary, becomes very gentle and long. Great for one-story houses, with a provided veranda, and possibly not one.

Multi-gable roof

Such types of roofs of private houses, such as multi-gable with a valley, are rarely used due to the high complexity of the device and high price. They resort to them for the sake of their beauty and the possibility of arranging several small side attics at once. More often, hotel builders resort to valley roofs, but sometimes private houses are also covered with them by lovers of original and unusual design. To build such a roof yourself, without having the proper experience, is fraught with a senseless waste of time and effort: professionals who understand their business should install a multi-gable roof.

Hipped pyramidal roof

Also, such a roof is called "four-pitched", and most often it is used specifically to cover square buildings, this is the case when the type of roof determines the house. Complex design pyramidal roof, consisting of four identical triangular slopes, however, makes it an attractive solution for those who love houses with the correct square area. The construction of such a roof requires certain skills and knowledge of the technical side of the issue, but rather a lot of practice.

Combined roof

Combining in yourself Various types roofs, such a roof can become a real masterpiece of architecture. When the decision to use different types of house roofs is dictated by practicality, and not by a simple pursuit of originality, then it is the combined roof that can become more economical, and at the same time reliable and functional option. However, the installation and construction of such a roof is associated with the need to take into account many nuances, this is a job only for a real roofing master, who is well versed in all the intricacies of various types of roofs, and who knows key aspects their proper combination.

Unusual and original options

M-shaped roofs

Another type of rarely used type of house roof, the M-shaped roof, as a rule, is used in special architectural projects. Two houses standing close visually have individual roofs, but they are connected by a common valley. The loads on this very valley are very high, large volumes of snow mass can easily damage it.

Roof "Butterfly"

Agree, it looks very beautiful and unusual. Built on the second floor, such a roof can become a beautiful canopy for a balcony, it visually enlarges the structure and looks mysterious, attracting curious glances. Like many beautiful things, "Butterfly" is very impractical in many respects: price, lack of attic space, design complexity. And you need to think three times before building such a "snow collector" in our cold regions.

Saltbox roofs

The salt-cellar roof was so nicknamed because of the external resemblance to the cutlery of the same name in the United States in the 17th century. As you can see in the photo, the Saltbox is an asymmetrical gable roof with one pitch much longer than the other. One kind of such a roof can sometimes cause an influx of patriotic feelings in a resident of the United States who knows his history. Many monuments of early colonial architecture have just such original look roof, which was formed as a result of the gradually expanding once built house. The salt-cellar roof, at one time, became the witty response of ordinary Americans to the new taxes imposed then by the government on the size of houses. "Salt cellar" is an easy way to expand the house by lowering the roof on the elements being completed. For the same purpose, this type of roof is often resorted to today. However, Saltbox is also used for other reasons, including as a tribute to tradition or out of sympathy for appearance.

And all this is just an incomplete list of the most interesting and used types of roofs. In the world of construction and architecture, you can meet hundreds of amazing examples of artistic and engineering ideas that deeply amaze the imagination. Which type of roof to choose for your private home is a decision we advise you to make after carefully considering all the options and understanding exactly what benefits will give you. concrete type roof, and what difficulties will be associated with its construction, operation and possible future repairs.

1.
2.
3.
4.

The roof is the most important element of a country house. Modern construction involves the use of various types of roofs. It is they who determine the appearance of a country house.

In addition to the original design, the roof must be reliable. Its function is to protect the house from rain, snow and hot sun. The presence of a reliable roof - will allow you to say about comfortable living in the house. Our article will tell you how to compose. But first you need to get acquainted with the forms of roofs and their functionality. Today you can find a wide variety of roofs, which we will consider.

Project options

Roof types:

• pitched roofs;
• flat roofs.

However, a serious drawback is the lack of design value. In other words, they do not add new features to the overall design of the house. Everything that is located on a flat roof can only be seen on the same level with it or a little higher. Thus, in our country, flat roof shapes are not so popular. This is due to the reasons described above.

Attention: The slope of a pitched roof usually exceeds 10 degrees. This is perhaps the main difference from a flat roof.

Roof project of a private house - advantages of pitched roofs

• good self-cleaning from precipitation;
• reliability;
• the possibility of placing an attic space or attic;
• unlimited freedom of the designer's imagination.

Flaws:

• high costs for construction due to the need to increase the amount of materials;
• complex truss system (presence of certain knowledge);
• difficult process repair.

Next, consider the options for the roof of a private house

1. Shed roof - the simplest and lightest. It is a flat structure that rests on external walls of varying heights. Such a roof is not distinguished by pretentiousness or design sophistication. Therefore, it can be found on the outbuildings of the terrace, warehouses, garage structures, verandas and other premises. However, such roofs can be located on small houses. Advantages - simplicity and low cost of construction. Disadvantages - the inability to equip the attic or attic. Shed roofs are also less aesthetic. See also: "".
2. The gable roof of a private house can be found on almost all country-type houses. Such a roof received a second name - gable. Kind classic version, which has two slopes. A ridge is used to connect them to each other. By symmetry, the slopes can be either the same or different in length and angle of inclination. A similar roof shape for private houses allows you to equip an attic or attic. At the same time, you can do it in original style. Two slopes make it possible to consider the roof as the most practical, due to its simplicity. However, the functionality is in no way inferior to analogues. Gables are parts external walls limit the attic from the ends of the roof.
   

   
   

3. If instead of gables the roof has two triangular slopes, then it is called - hip (read also: ""). Accordingly, triangular slopes are hips. Such samples of roofs of private houses have a more complex structure. Compilation is recommended to be entrusted to specialists. Because the hip rafter system is beyond the power of one person without training. The hip roof includes those located at the top of the triangular slopes. Hip roofs are quite resistant to wind gusts and leaks during heavy rainfall.
4. An intermediate option between a gable and a hip roof is a half-hip roof. Here, the end gables are made in the form of a trapezoid, and are covered with half-hips (small slopes in the form of triangles) on top. In this case, you can install any window in the gable. Half hips are wind resistant. It is also a modern architectural style in construction.
5. The second version of the semi-hipped roof is the overlapping of the lower part of the pediment with a slope. In this case, the remaining part of the pediment has the shape of a triangle. Here is the dormer window. The half-hip has the shape of a trapezoid. Thanks to this, such a roof is distinguished by a peculiar design approach.
6. A variation of the hip roof is the hipped roof. It has four or more triangular slopes. They all converge at the top in a single common point. Here you will not see the usual ridge element. The entire roof - for all B there is no ridge. The design of the roof of a private house involves the use of only symmetrical forms. Examples of structures with a hipped roof are gazebos and turrets in the structures of other buildings. Hip roofs are resistant to strong winds and are also a design element.
   

   
   

7. Polygonal shapes are not uncommon for complex roofs, which are also called multi-gable. Such roofs have a multi-level truss system. Of course, its construction is only possible for highly qualified roofers. Thanks to the many skates, valleys and ribs, it is unique in its own way.
8. The next variety is the sloping roof of the house. Its other name is a mansard type roof. It is ideal for the construction of attics. Thanks to the break in the angle of inclination of the slopes, the roof allows you to use the entire area of ​​​​the attic level (read: "").
9. Not so often, but still there are domed or conical roofs in private houses. This is a kind of round end shape of the building. At the same time, the dome (cone) does not cover the entire building as a whole, but only some elements. They, in this regard, are verandas and turrets of various shapes.
10. Combined roofs are the most complex in structure. This is a kind of symbiosis of multi-gable, hip, half-hip and hipped roofs. Cottages have such roofs. A structure of complex shape, having several residential levels, open and covered verandas, a lot of dormer and ceiling windows, covered balconies and other architectural elements. All this makes it possible to talk about the unusual and modern design. However, designing the roof of a private house of this kind is a rather difficult moment.

Attention: The more elements the roof has, the more difficult it is. This means it is less reliable.

Valleys, gutters and "aprons" are snow collectors. This increases the chance of roof damage.

To increase the reliability of complex combined roofs will help only quality materials. Moreover, they should be, if not branded, then at least well-known companies. It is important to properly equip truss system, waterproofing and thermal insulation of the roof. But remember that this will automatically be included in the total cost of the roof.

An important point is the lighting of attic and attic spaces under the roof. Laying wiring on the roof in a private house is carried out in two versions: open and closed. The closed version is recommended for use in the attic. The attic can be equipped differently, since aesthetic requirements do not play a role here.

We hope that our article will help you deal with the types of roofs. Additionally, having familiarized yourself with photo and video materials on this topic, you can make a choice in favor of one or another option.

A simple gable roof or the most complex combined roof is not so important. Architectural nuances also fade into the background - the main thing is that the roof retains the warmth and comfort of a country house.