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Dimensions of pallets and pallets. Wooden pallets (pallets) - what are they, how to choose and where to buy

Euro pallets, financial pallets, American pallets. Dimensions, markings, load capacity.

Pallets, or pallets, come in sizes from 800x1200mm to 1200x1800mm. Requirements for wooden pallets, including dimensions, weight and load capacity, are defined by the international standard UIC435-2. We use GOST 9557-87. Pallets different manufacturers on average weigh 15-20 kg. In Russia, a pallet with a size of 800 × 1200 mm (flat four-way wooden pallet type 2PO4). Requirements for it are put forward in accordance with GOST 9557-87: weight no more than 40 kg, load capacity 1 ton. The material consumption is 0.046 cubic meters, the volume of the pallet is 0.1392 cubic meters.

In everyday life, and even in specialized literature, three variants of names are used: pallet, pallet (masculine), pallet ( female). In plural V genitive case used: pallets, pallets ( masculine), pallet (feminine).

Popular: European, American, Finnish pallets. There are dimensional requirements for pallets for international cargo transportation.

Europallets

The upper part consists of 5 alternating boards: three wide (145 mm) and two narrow (100 mm). The gap between the boards is 40 mm. At the corners of the europallet, the presence of chamfers is mandatory. Manufacturers: PKP, FS, DB and others.

Finpallets

The upper part consists of 7 boards: 1 wide - 2 narrow - 1 wide - 2 narrow - 1 wide. Wide board - 120 mm, narrow board - 100 mm.

American pallets

The upper part consists of seven boards of 100 mm each.

Pallets for international shipping

Pallet(she's a pallet, she's pallets, she is pallet And pallet) - a flat rectangular support for the load, in which recesses (entries) are provided below for the forklift grips and protrusions for attaching slings (when moving in a suspended state).
PALLET PLT, PLL

What are pallets for?
Losses from the use of pallets

Pallets allow you to efficiently and carefully store the goods and quickly replaced the old forms of packaging, such as boxes, boxes, barrels. The use of pallets in freight transportation allows the formation of enlarged cargo units. It is inconvenient to transport cargo in small containers or in bulk, this increases the time of loading and unloading, and during the movement of transport it is difficult to fix it motionless, the goods may break and become unusable. At the same time, a similar volume of the same product packed on a pallet creates....

In addition to ordinary, flat pallets, there are special pallets for transporting valuable, fragile or simply non-standard cargo. As a rule, these are standard pallets, which, with the help of sets of special parts, are equipped with racks, shelves, boxes, frames, corner profiles and lattice walls. In rail (sometimes in road) cargo transportation, special pallets are also used - flats, tilts, bolsters. These are huge pallets according to the size of the loading platform, equipped with fittings (lugs for....

Pallet weight. Volume and dimensions of pallets.

According to the requirements of the international standard UIC435-2, the weight of euro pallets is not developed due to the fact that they are made from various materials and can be combined. The weight of most wooden pallets varies from 15 to 20 kg, double-deck - up to 40 kg. In practice, the customs declarant often has to blindly determine the weight of these pallets, called tare. He defines pallet weight as the difference between gross weight and net weight. Consider on specific example: polyvinyl chloride 1380 bags on 24 pallets rides in the car ....

Pallet history. Reasons for the popularity of pallets

The "great-grandfather" of the modern pallet was the skid, which was used in American factories as early as the beginning of the 20th century. It was wooden shield, to which two boards were attached from below. With the development of loading devices, the design of the skid changed and improved. In 1925, another shield was nailed to the bottom of the boards, and the prototype of the pallet took on a completely recognizable look.

What is a pallet or pallet? What does PLT mean?

• Pallet(she's a pallet, she's pallets, she is pallet And pallet) - a container, a flat rectangular support for cargo with a rigid platform for the formation of a large cargo unit. The pallet is designed to store goods on it and move it using various mechanical means. The design of the pallets has recesses or entries for gripping forklifts and other lifting devices, as well as ledges for which slings are attached in cases of moving loads in a suspended state.
  The word comes from English PALLET(pallet) and is abbreviated in the documentation as PLT, PLL. The “Russian Spelling Dictionary” of the Russian Academy of Sciences hints to us that there is only one letter “l” in the word pallet, but we will write it in the way it is more familiar to ordinary people).
  In cargo transportation Pallets are used to form the so-called enlarged cargo units. What it is? Here is a chocolate candy - transporting it alone is inconvenient and troublesome. A box containing 20 sweets is already more convenient and profitable to carry. A box with boxes of sweets is even more profitable: 800 candies can be reloaded and transported at once. The next stage of enlargement will be a pallet, on which there are 20 boxes with boxes chocolates. This will allow you to move and reload 16,000 candies at a time. This is already a full-fledged load of chocolates, and not a bunch of candies in bulk. Finally, the standard 20ft container, which holds 11 pallets, is the pinnacle of this cargo evolution.

What are pallets for? What are the benefits or losses of using pallets?

• Pallets allow you to efficiently and carefully store the goods and quickly replaced the old forms of packaging, such as boxes, boxes, barrels. The use of pallets in freight transportation allows the formation of enlarged cargo units. It is inconvenient to transport cargo in small containers or in bulk, this increases the time of loading and unloading, and during the movement of transport it is difficult to fix it motionless, the goods may break and become unusable. At the same time, the same volume of the same product packed on a pallet creates a larger unit of goods, which is convenient to manipulate when moving and securely fastened in the cargo area for safe transportation.

• Benefits of using pallets:

  • Loading and unloading operations using pallets are carried out much faster. Filling a container or unloading cargo without them will require the involvement of many loaders who need to be paid a salary. Palletized cargo requires one forklift and one worker. Save time and Money and nerves is obvious.
  • The degree of security when transporting cargo on pallets is much higher. The cargo is placed within the boundaries of the pallet and, with reliable and tight strapping, it does not crumble or deform. Access to cargo placed on pallets is much more difficult, this is an additional guarantee of its safety.
  • The use of pallets in certain situations has become mandatory. Thus, the Rules for the Safety of Maritime Transportation require that general cargoes subject to packaging must be formed into enlarged cargo units. They are transported on two and four-way pallets.
  Losses from the use of pallets:
  • The use of pallets reduces the useful volume of cargo space.
  • Pallets add extra weight to the load, which can be over a ton for a single truck carrying 33 pallets.
  • The pallet is not free, it has its price.
  • Used pallets must be returned to the place of new loading or disposed of fighting for the environment

Pallet classification. Pallets and their types

• There are a lot of varieties of pallets, but there are main types into which they are classified. To choose for yourself optimal type pallets, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances in their future use.
  • Open pallets, they are euro pallets.
    home distinguishing feature of these pallets lies in the fact that their design allows them to be taken from any side. They are most popular in Europe, which is why they got their second name. True, such pallets are not very favored in the UK and Ireland. These pallets are designed in the form of a block, at the bottom of which there are strips on both sides and in the center, which allows them to be lifted from all four sides. Thus, cargo handling is greatly simplified, because almost all models of loaders can work with such pallets.
  • Block pallets, they are also GKN pallets.
    Equipped around the perimeter with a bottom bar. The design is block, except for the bottom bar on all sides, there is also a bar in the center. It is convenient to take such pallets from any side with the help of forks or any type of equipment, the only exceptions are those models whose forks are of the supporting type. For easier sliding of the pallet along the rack, surface grinding is used. Most widespread such pallets were purchased in the United Kingdom.
  • Longitudinal pallets
    There are several more names for these pallets: they are called stringer, grocery, block, pallets with a bottom bar, in America they are called GMA pallets, and in Canada - CPC pallets. The design of these pallets is block, on the side there is a longitudinal bar, on which cutouts are made specifically for the forks. If necessary, they can be taken with pitchforks from all four sides. In order to move such pallets in a horizontal plane, you can use both electric and manual models of your warehouse equipment. To a greater extent, such pallets are used in Asia, Africa and North America.
  • Closed pallets
    Such pallets are taken with forks only from two sides. The design is block, equipped with slats on the side and in the center. Any model of warehouse equipment can work with these pallets, except for those with support forks. These pallets are also most widely used in Asia and Africa.
  • Roller pallets
    They are loading containers or roller containers. These are structures made of metal, equipped with rollers and side rails. Thanks to the rollers, they can be moved around even floors not only with the help of technology, but also manually. Empty pallets are easy to fold and transport. As a rule, they are used in daily work in workshops in production with various details.

  Pallet classification

  • By service life. There are disposable pallets, which are recycled or destroyed after use, and reusable pallets, which are used repeatedly. Reusable pallets are designed for a long service life without performance degradation.
  • By the number of visits for fork lift. Two-way pallets are picked up only from two, opposite sides.
    Four-way more versatile, pickup is possible from any side.
  • According to the material of manufacture.
    The most common are wooden.
    Wood is an environmentally friendly and clean material, easy to recycle and recycle, and cheap. Wooden pallets are very easy to repair.
    Plastic pallets are more practical and reliable than wooden pallets, they have less weight, are easier to store, do not absorb moisture, do not rot, do not need special treatment. Just being processed. But they are more expensive.
    Metal is the strongest and most powerful. Used for the longest time. They have a large weight, which affects the ease of use, are prone to corrosion.
    In addition, pallets made of combined materials are used.
  • By the number of platforms for cargo placement.
    Single-deck pallets allow you to place the load on only one side of it. A double deck pallet has two decks: top and bottom. Due to this, the pallet can be turned over. Such pallets are more convenient to put on top of each other without the threat of damage to the cargo.
• 
  There are special pallets for special loads.
  Valuable, fragile Not standard sizes goods are transported on standard pallets, where racks, shelves, boxes, frames, corner profiles, lattice walls, etc. are erected. Special pallets - flats, tilts, bolsters are used for the transportation of goods by rail and sea, and sometimes by road. They are huge pallets, which are made according to the dimensions of the cargo railway platform. Fittings are provided in them, i.e. fasteners for chains and cables with which a load is attached to them. Special pallets can have folding walls, end walls, frame superstructures, full walls, half the height of a standard container. Each type is used depending on the nature of the cargo being transported.
• 
  How to choose a pallet.
  If you need pallets, first of all decide on the material. Depending on the material, pallets are wood, metal and plastic. As a rule, wooden ones are themselves and universal and they are made from coniferous or hardwood (birch).
  After you have decided on the material, you need to decide on their size. The size is selected depending on the size of the goods in packages, but if the delivery of goods for export is supposed, you can choose only from two standards - 1200x800 and 1200x1000. These are pallets that are used by companies engaged in foreign economic activity.
  If you need euro pallets, we recommend that you initially clarify the conditions for passing customs. Very often there is a requirement for mandatory phytosanitary treatment of all wood products and pallets are no exception. If necessary, please specify in the request. Firstly, you will initially correctly calculate the cost of the order, and secondly, the supplier will clarify whether he provides such services or not.
  After choosing the dimensions, you need to decide on the design. If you need to place the goods on both sides of the pallet - the order must be placed on double-deck pallets, if only on one - single-deck. If the loader has to capture pallets from 4 sides - 4-way, if only two are enough - 2-way.
  It happens that pallets (pallets) of standard sizes or designs do not fit the Customer for his goods, in which case the manufacturer needs to provide drawings of the container that you need for your cargo.
  As for the packaging itself and the stacking of goods on a pallet, the packaging of packages depends on the wishes of the customer and the technical conditions for transporting and storing cargo.
  The main recommendations for packaging can be formulated as follows - if the cargo must be completely protected, a protective packaging of pallets with a full wrapping of the goods with shrink film is needed. If not, fixing packaging with straps is sufficient.

Pallet weight and pallet dimensions. Pallet volume. Specifications of the pallet

How is the load attached to the pallet? Height and weight of cargo on a pallet.

Pallet history. Reasons for the popularity of cargo pallets

• • The "great-grandfather" of the modern pallet was the skid, which was used in American factories as early as the beginning of the 20th century. It was a wooden shield, to which two boards were attached to the sides from below. With the development of loading devices, the design of the skid changed and improved. In 1925, another shield was nailed to the bottom of the boards, and the prototype of the pallet acquired a completely recognizable look.
  • The second World War, and more specifically, the entry of the United States into it. The situation demanded the most organized dispatch of a huge amount of military and humanitarian cargo around the world, and there were certainly not enough male workers in these years. The use of pallets made it possible to reduce the need for loaders, increase the throughput of warehouses and warehouses. And although in more pallets were used in the Pacific region, Europe also appreciated the benefits of this type of container.
  • Most EU countries require that wooden pallets imported into their territory have a phytosanitary certificate confirming that they have been phyto-treated. After undergoing disinfection according to Standard No. 15, special markings are applied to pallets and fastening materials - registration number assigned by the National Plant Protection Service, as well as the country code and the designation of the disinfection method (HT - heat treatment - heat treatment, KD - kiln-drying - chamber drying, MB - methyl bromide - treatment with methyl bromide).
  • GOSTs for pallets in Russia have not changed since the days of the USSR. The experts came to the conclusion that the maximum load capacity of pallets declared in GOST (1 ton) is underestimated. A new euro pallet normally withstands loads weighing 1500 or even 2000 kg. However, there are other factors to consider as well. First, the carrying capacity vehicle which cannot be exceeded. So, when the truck is fully loaded with standard pallets (33 pcs.), permissible load on one pallet will be only 800 kg. Secondly, the power of most forklifts and similar warehouse equipment, which is not designed for weights over 1800 kg.
  • In transport documents for international cargo transportation, it is often required to indicate how many packages you have - COLLI, in CMR and TIR they are usually reduced to CLL. This term means a separate cargo (transport) place - any cargo that can be loaded and unloaded as a whole: boxes, bags, boxes, cans transported without pallets, as well as cargo on a pallet. Thus, if 5 pallets and 12 boxes are loaded into a container or truck, then 17 collies can be indicated in transport documents. (from French colis - box, bale, package, piece of luggage)

  Reasons for the popularity of cargo pallets:

  Safety precautions for loading and transporting pallets

  • • When loading / unloading pallets, they must be placed in such a way that there is a gap for the forklift forks. If the pallets are simply pushed, they can tip over or break.
    • Depending on the type of cargo and transportation conditions, a individual scheme placement of cargo on a pallet. For example, barrels of oil are located on a pallet exclusively in one tier, and a larger indent is made from the edge of the pallet than usual. If these conditions are not observed, there is a high risk of rubbing the walls of the barrels against each other during transportation.

  Cardboard pallets

  • Cardboard pallets or cardboard pallets are a type of container that is made of thick thick cardboard. Pallets made of multi-layered corrugated cardboard are especially durable. Cardboard pallets have load capacity restrictions. It is allowed to place loads weighing up to 700 kg on a standard cardboard pallet, however, some types can easily withstand a load of several tons.
  • 
    Compared to other pallets, cardboard pallets have several advantages:
    • The pallet can have a laminated surface;
    • Cardboard is a 100% clean environmental material that is easily and completely recyclable and can be reused;
    • Cardboard pallets are very light, which in turn significantly saves on transportation costs;
    • Do not need thermal, phytosanitary, and other types of processing;
    • Moisture resistant;
    • Conform to hygiene standards, recommended for packaging food products and in pharmaceutical products;
    • Very economical in storage, occupying 9 times less space than wooden pallets.
    • Applicable without any restrictions worldwide;
    • The use of cardboard pallets does not harm the environment and has a positive effect on the company's image.

  • The secret to the strength of cardboard pallets

    The secret to the strength of cardboard pallets lies in their construction. This is very good combination from pallet supports, which are U-shaped profiles made of cardboard with bushings (cardboard sleeves) inserted inside, and honeycomb board panels as platforms, in which the surface is laminated. Often, instead of a panel, corrugated cardboard, perforated sheets, and cardboard corners are used. The elements of the pallet are glued together.
    The cardboard pallet can be completely recycled and 100% recycled.
    A standard europallet made of cardboard is able to withstand a significant dynamic load of even one ton, while it weighs 4 times less - about 5.5 kg. Subject to the rules of operation, it is applied up to 5 times.

    Shapes and sizes

    • Cardboard pallets can be of standard shape, or custom-made according to customer requirements. Options can be made with exact dimensions for maximum loading of any type of transport.
    • Can be used different kind panels - corrugated cardboard, cardboard corner, etc.;
    • Are made any sizes;
    • Ideal for use on conveyor belts;
    • May be part of the final packaging of the product.
    The number of bushings in the supports can be different, and their number is adjusted depending on the requirements for strength and load capacity. The dimensions of the height of the pallet support in automated production can be at least 400 mm, maximum 1200 mm in height, in manual production - the dimensions are not limited. In addition, they can be made in a self-adhesive version.

    Weight of cardboard pallets

    The weight of cardboard pallets is the lightest among pallets. If a wooden pallet weighs about 15-25 kg, then a cardboard pallet weighs 3-6 kg. The light weight of these pallets is a huge advantage when transporting them by land and air.

    Cardboard pallet is an environmentally friendly product

    Cardboard pallets are environmentally friendly, safe. Fully recyclable and can be made from recycled materials. Do not need fumigation. Process of processing is very cheap, production is simple. Accepted without any restrictions worldwide.

    Strength

    Leading independent laboratories have tested the strength of cardboard pallets in various conditions and under various loads. Studies have shown that 4-support pallets are able to withstand a statistical load of 10 tons without much damage.

    Production of cardboard pallets

    The production technology of cardboard pallets is so simple and fast that it eliminates the need to keep them assembled for storage in warehouses. They may be assembled. The poles can be supplied with a special self-adhesive surface for a simple but strong attachment. If necessary, you can collect a complete one in an hour freight car cardboard pallets.
    Automated lines for the production and supply of cardboard pallets are also used. One operator is enough to service the entire production. The process is fully automated, the components are a special roll of cardboard, which lends itself to the conveyor. Wherein production capacity capable of producing various forms pallet, and the modular design allows flexible response to customer requirements. Such production produces up to 10 pallets every minute.

    Who uses cardboard pallets?

    Increasingly stringent security requirements environment, sanitary norms in the field of hygiene, health, make cardboard pallets one of the most popular options for the transport of goods, especially for food and pharmaceutical products. They have become the most ideal option in maritime, air transportation in many European countries, in Japan, USA, China.

  Pallet terminology

  • Pallet space.(pallet space)
    A load placed on a pallet without protruding beyond its edges is called a load unit or pallet space. Pallet space is special case cargo place.
  • Cargo place.(Collie)
    A unit of cargo accepted for transportation, consisting of individual containers (packaging) and its contents, excluding access to the cargo. CLL is both a pallet, and a box, and a bundle, and a bale.

In cargo transportation, a place or a package is usually called a unit of measurement of cargo that the carrier accepts (considers or does not consider) for transportation. For example, one piece is one box or one pallet or one crate or package. Two pieces of cargo can be one box and one box. A piece of cargo in transport documents is denoted by Colli, when the cargo is packed on pallets (pallets) they write PLT.
You need to understand that the carrier is carrying exactly the places - he took 10 places (boxes) for transportation, handed over 10 places and he doesn’t really care what happens inside, the main thing is that the packaging is intact and the number of places matches.
According to the CMR convention, the carrier is not responsible for intra-container (what is inside the container) damage, i.e. If the goods inside the package are damaged, the carrier will not accept the claim. If the sender or customer saves on packaging, then this is his problem.

Dimensions of cargo pallets PLT. Pallet size.

Pallet(she's a pallet, she's pallets, she is a pallet and pallet) - a flat rectangular support for the load, in which recesses (entries) are provided for the forklift grips and protrusions for attaching slings (when moving in a suspended state). The word comes from English PALLET and is abbreviated in the documentation as PLT, PLL(“The Russian Spelling Dictionary” of the Russian Academy of Sciences hints to us that there is only one letter “l” in the word pallet, but we will write it in the way it is more familiar to ordinary people).

In cargo transportation Pallets are used to form the so-called enlarged cargo units. What it is? Here is a chocolate candy - transporting it alone is inconvenient and troublesome. A box containing 20 sweets is already more convenient and profitable to carry. A box with boxes of sweets is even more profitable: 800 candies can be reloaded and transported at once. The next stage of enlargement will be a pallet, on which there are 20 boxes with boxes of chocolates. This will allow you to move and reload 16,000 candies at a time. This is already a full-fledged load of chocolates, and not a bunch of candies in bulk. Finally, the standard 20ft container, which holds 11 pallets, is the pinnacle of this cargo evolution.

What are pallets for? Is it possible to do without pallets?

• Saving time and labor costs during PRR (loading and unloading). It will take a lot of time and quite a lot of movers to fill a container with cargo without pallets, while a couple of people and a forklift can handle palletized cargo very quickly.
• Transport protection. With proper stacking of cargo on pallets (boxes and bags are placed strictly on top of each other, without protruding beyond the edges of the pallet) and their reliable strapping, the risk of damage and deformation of cargo during transportation is significantly reduced. In addition, palletized cargo is much more difficult to gain access to outsiders, dishonest people.
• Requirements of the Rules for the safety of maritime transport. According to these Rules, all general cargo that can be packaged must be formed into enlarged cargo units and transported on two- or four-way pallets.

Reasons for the popularity of cargo pallets

Pallet classification

• By service life. Disposable pallets are usually used only once, after which they are thrown away or recycled. Reusable pallets - possible multiple use without degrading performance. Sturdy pallets designed for long-term use.
• By the number of visits for fork lift. Two-way pallets picked up from opposite sides. Four-way pallets with the possibility of an all-around grip. This solution makes loading operations safer for the cargo, as the risk of damaging it during lifting and lowering is greatly reduced.
• According to the material of manufacture. Wood is the most common pallet material today. A pallet made of wood is easy to repair, environmentally friendly and quite cheap. Plastic pallets are the second most common. Modern plastic is not only not inferior to wood in quality, but often surpasses it: it has less weight with the same strength, is easy to store, does not rot, does not require special processing etc. Metal pallets have high strength and, accordingly, a long service life. However, due to heavy weight their use is limited. Combined materials- an option that combines the advantages of each of the above options.
• By the number of platforms for cargo placement. Single-deck pallets allow you to place the load on only one side of it. A double deck pallet has two decks: top and bottom. Due to this, top platform additional weight can be placed. Such pallets save a lot usable area- the load can be placed in two layers without the risk of damage.

In addition, there are special pallets for transporting valuable, fragile or simply non-standard cargo. As a rule, these are standard pallets, which, with the help of sets of special parts, are equipped with racks, shelves, drawers, frames, corner profiles and lattice walls. In rail (sometimes in road) cargo transportation, special pallets are also used - flats, tilts, bolsters. These are huge pallets according to the size of the loading platform, equipped with fittings (fasteners for cargo). Depending on the type and purpose of such a pallet, it can have folding walls, end walls, frame superstructures or full walls with a height of half a standard container.

How is the load attached to the pallet?

• due to stacking, when the load is held due to its own weight (for example, gold bars);
• by strapping pallets with cargo with fastening tapes (polymer, woven, metal);
• by wrapping the load with the pallet in stretch film or stretch film (originates from English word stretch - "stretch").

Euro pallet dimensions or European pallet dimensions.

The requirements for wooden pallets are defined by the international standard UIC435-2. Euro pallets are made in accordance with this standard, confirmation of compliance is the presence of two brands - EUR and EPAL. The EUR marking means that the pallet is made according to European standards, the EPAL marking is the mark of the European Pallet Association, which ensures that the pallets are produced in accordance with European requirements for size, strength and quality.
The international standard UIC 435-2 has a Russian analogue - GOST 9557-87. However, a pallet manufactured to this standard is not EPAL certified.
EPAL has developed criteria for the exchange of pallets certified by this association, which must be observed. If a pallet has at least one of the defects listed below, it cannot be exchanged:

• no EUR and EPAL stamps;
• one of the boards is missing;
• one of the extreme upper or lower boards is damaged in such a way that more than one nail is exposed;
• there is no supporting beam or more than one nail is exposed due to the spalling of its part;
• the board is split across or diagonally;
• there are damages to more than two lower or upper extreme boards of the pallet, in which at least one nail is exposed on each of the boards;
• in connection with the general bad condition pallet cannot be guaranteed its load capacity;
• the degree of contamination of the pallet is such that the transported goods may be damaged;
• there is evidence that unacceptable materials were used in the assembly of the pallet.

Differences between pallet sizes used within different countries:

• in the USA, 1016x1219 mm and 1219x1219 mm pallets are mainly used.
• In China, Japan, Australia - 1100x1100 mm.
• Pallets in use in Europe 800x1200(so-called europallet, EUR-pallet, marked with EUR or EPAL), The maximum permitted load capacity of a Euro-pallet is 2 tons. Euro pallets are manufactured according to the UIC 435-2 standard.
• In Finland, pallets 1000x1200 mm (Finnish pallet, FIN-pallet) have become widespread. The maximum permitted load capacity of a FIN pallet is 2.5 tons. FIN pallet corresponds European standard ISO 3676.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommends the following pallet sizes for international shipping:

• 800x1000 mm.
• 800x1200 mm. Euro pallet size
• 1000x1200 mm.
• 1200x1600 mm.
• 1200x1800 mm.

For container transportation, ISO offers standards 1000x1200, 825x1000, 1100x1100, 1100x1320 mm.

Dimensions and characteristics of universal flat pallets adopted in Russia

GOST 9557-87 Works in Russia Flat pallet wooden size 800 x 1200 mm. Date of introduction: 01/01/1988.
This standard applies to a flat four-way wooden pallet of type 2PO4 with a size of 800 × 1200 mm of multiple use (hereinafter referred to as the pallet), intended for the formation of transport packages and the implementation of mechanized loading and unloading, transport and storage operations on railway, road and water transport.

The main parameters of the pallet should be as follows:

• gross weight, kg — 1000
• own weight, kg, not more than — 40
• material consumption, m3 - 0.046

Applicability of Russian pallets

Size mm.	Type	Description	Pallet capacity	Application area
800x1200	P2	single-decked pallet	1 ton	All modes of transport in domestic and foreign trade
	P4
	2P4	double-deck four-way (double-decked pallet)
	2PO4
1000x1200	P2	single-layer double-entry	1.25 tons	Freight transport
	P4	single-layer four-way
	2P4	double deck four way
	2PO4	double deck four way (in the lower decking of the window)
1200x1600	2PV2		2 tons	Water and rail transport, open rolling stock, road freight transport, foreign trade transportation
	2PV02
1200x1800	2PV2	two-layer two-way with ledges	3.2 tons
	2PV02	two-wall two-way with windows in the lower deck and ledges

Pallet weight.

The weight of a euro pallet is not standardized because pallets can be made from different materials. As a rule, wooden euro pallets weigh 15-20 kg. The exception is double-deck pallets, the weight of which reaches 40 kg.

What height of cargo can be placed on one pallet (pallet)?

Maximum package height(load stacked on a pallet plus the pallet itself) should not exceed 1800 mm, and the load itself should not protrude beyond the edges of the pallet by more than 20 mm. Thus, the maximum dimensions of the cargo package for a pallet with sides of 800x1200 will be 840x1240x1800 mm, and for a pallet with sides of 1000x1200, respectively, 1040x1240x1800 mm.

When forming a cargo package on a pallet, it is necessary to calculate in advance the number of rows (layers) of cargo, taking into account the weight of each row, otherwise the lower rows may be crushed by the weight of the upper ones. The stability of the cargo package placed on the pallet is also taken into account, too high can tip over during loading and transportation. For the transportation of high cargo packages, it is necessary to develop requirements for securing these packages in the cargo hold.

The volume of the cargo pallet is the pallet itself, and not the load on it

For example, let's take the volume of a euro pallet: its length is 800 mm, width 1200 mm, and height (without load) - 145 mm. Thus, we have the simplest mathematical problem - 800 * 1200 * 145 = 139200000 mm3 or 0.1392 m3. If you are interested in the volume of a cargo pallet in inches or feet, it is also easy to calculate: 8494.5 in 3 or 4.92 ft 3.

Popular pallet layouts in containers and trailers

A standard 82 cc trailer fits a 33 euro pallet
32 - this is if you put it across the body with the long side (it's called - put in deuces).
And if you put the short side (threes) - it will be 33.
16 twos = 12.8 m.
11 triples = 13.2 m. Just the length of the trailer.

IN standard 20ft container 11 euro pallets can be loaded in one tier.
IN standard 40ft container 25 euro pallets can be loaded in one tier.

Safety precautions for loading and transporting pallets

• When loading / unloading pallets, they must be placed in such a way that there is a gap for the forklift forks. If the pallets are simply pushed, they can tip over or break.
• Depending on the type of cargo and transportation conditions, an individual scheme for placing cargo on a pallet should be developed. For example, barrels of oil are located on a pallet exclusively in one tier, and a larger indent is made from the edge of the pallet than usual. If these conditions are not observed, there is a high risk of rubbing the walls of the barrels against each other during transportation.

Interesting and useful information about pallets

• The "great-grandfather" of the modern pallet was the skid, which was used in American factories as early as the beginning of the 20th century. It was a wooden shield, to which two boards were attached to the sides from below. With the development of loading devices, the design of the skid changed and improved. In 1925, another shield was nailed to the bottom of the boards, and the prototype of the pallet acquired a completely recognizable look.
• The Second World War, and more specifically, the entry of the United States into it, served as a powerful incentive for the development of palletization of cargo transportation. The situation demanded the most organized dispatch of a huge amount of military and humanitarian cargo around the world, and there were certainly not enough male workers in these years. The use of pallets made it possible to reduce the need for loaders, increase the throughput of warehouses and warehouses. And although pallets were used to a greater extent in the Pacific region, Europe also appreciated the benefits of this type of container.
• Most EU countries require that wooden pallets imported into their territory have a phytosanitary certificate confirming that they have been phyto-treated. After passing the disinfection according to Standard No. 15, special marking is applied to the pallets and fastening materials - the registration number assigned by the national plant protection service, as well as the country code and the designation of the disinfection method (HT - heat treatment - heat treatment, KD - kiln-drying - chamber drying, MB - methyl bromide - treatment with methyl bromide).
• GOSTs for pallets in Russia have not changed since the days of the USSR. The experts came to the conclusion that the maximum load capacity of pallets declared in GOST (1 ton) is underestimated. A new euro pallet normally withstands loads weighing 1500 or even 2000 kg. However, there are other factors to consider as well. Firstly, the carrying capacity of the vehicle, which cannot be exceeded in any way. So, when the truck is fully loaded with standard pallets (33 pcs.), The permissible load per pallet will be only 800 kg. Secondly, the power of most forklifts and similar warehouse equipment, which is not designed for weights over 1800 kg.
• In transport documents for international cargo transportation, it is often required to indicate how much you have colli, in CMR and TIR it is usually abbreviated to CLL. This term means a separate cargo (transport) place - any cargo that can be loaded and unloaded as a whole: boxes, bags, boxes, cans transported without pallets, as well as cargo on a pallet. Thus, if 5 pallets and 12 boxes are loaded into a container or truck, then 17 collies can be indicated in transport documents. (from French colis - box, bale, package, piece of luggage)

Pallet (other names: pallet, pallet, pallet, pallet)- this is a flat load stand rectangular shape. It has grooves at the bottom for gripping by a loader and ledges for slings, provided for moving on weight. Pallets are used in freight transportation, by means of which they form enlarged cargo units. UGU represent a certain amount of goods, fastened in some way, and are used to speed up loading and unloading.

Types of pallets

There are several types of pallets, one of the most common is euro pallets. Standard euro pallets are 1200x800x145. The upper part consists of 5 boards: 3 wide (145 mm), 2 narrow (100 mm), alternating in width. The lower part consists of three boards: two narrow on the sides, wide in the middle. There is a pallet with 9 legs, the outer ones have dimensions of 78x100x145 mm, the middle ones - 78x145x145 mm.

The dimensions of a standard euro pallet correspond to internal dimensions containers. On the right legs of the pallet, there is always a brand name EUR in an oval. The most common are wooden pallets. Standard euro pallet dimensions are defined by the international standard UIC435-2.

Currently, pallets are made from wood, plastic, chipboard, metal. Pallets vary in weight. The weight of the europallet 1200x800 is not specified by the standard, as they can be made of various materials. The most common wooden pallets weigh from 15 to 20 kg, the weight of wooden double-deck pallets is up to 40 kg. The weight of a 1200x800 euro pallet made of wood depends on its species. Lightweight wooden pallets of the same dimensions are used to transport light loads, such as clothes. The weight of a lightweight euro pallet 1200*800 ranges from 8-10 kg. Such a pallet can withstand a weight of up to 2.5 tons in a static state and up to 1 ton in motion. The maximum permitted load capacity of a standard euro pallet is 2 tons.

The cargo can be attached to the pallet in three ways:

1. special stacking, in which the load is held by its own weight, suitable for heavy items (for example, bags of sugar, flour, gold bars);
2. strapping with fastening tapes, the tapes must be strong (can be metal, polymer, woven);
3. wrapping the cargo with a special film, most often with a stretch film. The maximum height of a Euro pallet with a load is 1.8 m.

How many pallets fit in a container

Since the size of a standard pallet is 1200x800x145 mm, this allows loading 11 euro pallets into a standard 10-ton container in one tier. The width of the container does not allow placing pallets in two rows in the same way (along or across the body), so 7 pallets are placed across the first row, and 4 pallets along the body in the second.

A 20-ton container includes 25 euro pallets. In the same way as in a 10-ton container, one row of pallets is placed across the body, so you can put 15 pieces, the second - along, another 10 pieces.

In a standard truck with a length of 13.6 m, 32 euro pallets can be placed if they are long side across the body (16 rows of 2 pallets - 0.8x16 = 12.8 m) or 33 if the pallets are short side - “triples” (11 rows 3 pallets 11x1.2 = 13.2 m). In the second case, the load will stand stronger.

In containers of any other size, loading is carried out by preliminary calculation according to the size of a standard pallet and vehicle parameters according to the same principle. The load on the pallet must not protrude beyond the edges. Wooden euro pallets must be strong enough to support the weight of the load.

Euro pallets, financial pallets, American pallets. Dimensions, markings, load capacity.

Pallets, or pallets, come in sizes from 800x1200mm to 1200x1800mm. Requirements for wooden pallets, including dimensions, weight and load capacity, are defined by the international standard UIC435-2. We use GOST 9557-87. Pallets from different manufacturers weigh an average of 15-20 kg.

Dimensions of pallets (pallets)

In Russia, a pallet with a size of 800 × 1200 mm (a flat four-way wooden pallet of the 2PO4 type) has become widespread. Requirements for it are put forward in accordance with GOST 9557-87: weight no more than 40 kg, load capacity 1 ton. The material consumption is 0.046 cubic meters, the volume of the pallet is 0.1392 cubic meters.

In everyday life, and even in specialized literature, three variants of names are used: pallet, pallet (masculine), pallet (feminine). In the plural in the genitive case, pallets, pallets (masculine), pallets (feminine) are used.

Popular: European, American, Finnish pallets. There are dimensional requirements for pallets for international cargo transportation.

Europallets

The upper part consists of 5 alternating boards: three wide (145 mm) and two narrow (100 mm). The gap between the boards is 40 mm. At the corners of the europallet, the presence of chamfers is mandatory. Manufacturers: PKP, FS, DB and others.

Finpallets

The upper part consists of 7 boards: 1 wide - 2 narrow - 1 wide - 2 narrow - 1 wide. Wide board - 120 mm, narrow board - 100 mm.

American pallets

The upper part consists of seven boards of 100 mm each.

Pallets for international shipping

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Dimensions of wooden pallets

The production of wooden containers in Russia is regulated by the requirements of GOST9078, GOST9557. The quality of the initial blanks is controlled by international standard ISPM 15 defining acceptable indicators phytosanitary state of wood.

Requirements for the quality, load capacity and dimensions of a wooden pallet are determined in accordance with applicable standards.

wooden pallets

Products are also produced taking into account their main purpose - cargo handling (storage, movement, transportation).

The height and horizontal dimensions of the pallets vary in a small range, however, the parameters determine the ability of a flat wooden container to perceive certain loads.

Standard pallets

Typical dimensions of a wooden pallet: 1000x1200x145 mm (WxDxH). For their manufacture, boards 10 or 12 cm wide are taken. The weight of standard pallets depends on the mass of the elements (bars, boards), which, in turn, is determined by the species and type of wood, and moisture indicators.

Pallets made from dense, heavy wood can weigh up to 24 kg. If dried blanks from a porous array are used, then the weight of the final product will be 10 kg or less. The load capacity of wooden pallets ranges from 1000 to 2500 kg.

Wide and short pallets

Especially for work with oversized cargo, pallets with a size of 1200x1200 mm are produced. Such products are practically not used in cargo transportation, they are used in warehouses, in production workshops. Wide reinforced pallets are made of boards with a thickness of 18 to 25 mm, their assembly is carried out using high-strength twisted nails.

Shortened (lightweight) pallets have a size of 1200x800 mm. These belong to the category of the cheapest, universal in use. Flat four-way pallets 1200x800 mm received wide use due to low price, good performance. They have a load capacity of up to 1 ton, dead weight up to 40 kg.

Pallets for container and international transport

For container and international transportation, European, Finnish pallets are used, as well as Russian special sizes:

In Russia, American wooden pallets sized 1200x1200x145 are also used. Their upper level is made of boards 10 cm wide, there are 7 boards in a row.

GOST 9557-87 Flat wooden pallet 800x1200 mm in size. Specifications (with Amendment No. 1)

The Zavod Palletov company offers its customers to buy new and used wooden pallets 1200 x 800 mm (standard, light, lightweight, euro pallets) wholesale and retail at a comfortable price.

Wooden pallet weight 1200x800 and 1200x1000 mm

We ourselves produce and sell pallets in accordance with GOST 9557-87 and offer containers from other domestic and foreign manufacturers.

New and used pallets 1200 x 800. Types and standards

Pallets 1200 x 800 is a standard basic container for piece cargo, which is a deck of wooden planks(pine, spruce, larch, hardwood), which are attached to nine checkers with nails, screw or euro nails.

Such a pallet 800 x 1200 has:

• typical dimensions for the body of a euro truck;
• weight - 10-20 kg;
• load capacity - 500-2000 kg.

The purpose of this type of container is compact placement, manual/mechanized warehousing, storage and transportation of piece goods, which are packed in shrink film and attached to the pallet with mounting tape.

Modern wooden pallets 1200 x 800 mm are usually divided into:

• New - not yet in operation and having optimal technical characteristics;
• Used (used) - used 1-2 times (grade 1) or 5-7 times (grade 2).

Pallets 120 x 80 are almost as good as new pallets in terms of technical characteristics (especially 1st grade), but they are significantly cheaper in price, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of freight transportation.

Depending on the load capacity, pallets 800 x 1200 mm can have several modifications:

• standard - weighing up to 20 kg and carrying capacity up to 1000 kg (mechanized storage);
• lightweight - weighing up to 10 kg and carrying capacity up to 800 kg (mechanized and manual storage);
• light - weighing up to 10 kg and carrying capacity up to 500 kg (manual storage);
• euro pallets - weighing up to 10 kg and carrying capacity up to 2000 kg.

Most modifications of pallets 1200 x 800 mm are made in the Russian Federation, comply with GOST 9557-87 or 9078-84, and are intended for domestic cargo transportation. For the transportation of goods abroad, only UIC435-2 standard euro pallets, which are produced by foreign manufacturers, are marked with EUR, EPAL and “spikelet” (phytosanitary control sign) can be used. This is due to the fact that Russia is not a member of the European Association of Pallet Manufacturers and does not have the right to label containers with European standard stamps.

At the same time, the requirements for pallets for domestic transport are minimal, which makes the cost of packaging significantly lower and allows you to optimize transport costs.

Pallets 1200 x 800 in Moscow

The Zavod Palletov company has its own factory production of wooden containers in Moscow and supplies a wide range of new pallets 1200 x 800 mm at the lowest prices in the capital. In addition, we offer our clients:

• standard, light and lightweight used pallets from other domestic manufacturers;
• new and used (class 1) euro pallets of UIC435-2 standard with euro marking;
• buying new and used pallets of any modifications on favorable terms;
• disposal of used wooden containers in accordance with the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor.

Wooden pallet GOST 9557-87

wooden pallets GOST 9557-87 are widely used for transportation and warehousing of goods various categories and also for their storage. The use of this type of container is possible both in heated and in unheated premises. Pallets GOST 9557-87 are easy to transport and stack, as they can be gripped from each side - by mechanical means with fork grip. Pallets of this standard can withstand loads weighing up to 2500 kg.

Features of the production and use of euro pallets

For the manufacture of containers according to the standard, wood is used conifers(spruce, fir, larch, pine), which must be thermally processed. The dimensions of the four-way pallets GOST 9557-87 are 800x1200 mm. For higher reliability of the design, the container is provided with chamfers at the corners. The connection of the boards of the lower and upper flooring is carried out using four-way screw nails - coated phosphate composition or oxidized. The analogue of pallets manufactured according to this GOST are euro pallets UIC 435-2.

Pallets GOST 9557-87 belong to the category of reusable products and are able to withstand more than 300 work operations. In addition, GOST allows their repair, processing, painting and fumigation - in order to increase the service life. Pallets vary in grades. First grade containers are euro pallets that have been used no more than twice. They may have slight abrasions on their surface, but at the same time they fully comply with the European standard. Containers of the second grade are pallets that were in use 3-5 times. According to the standard, a slight darkening of the wood and pollution of non-technical origin are allowed.

Euro pallet size: length, width, height. Loading schemes