The temperature in residential premises is normal in winter. Required air temperature in living quarters
Utility bills are growing every year, especially in times of crisis for the economy. Unfortunately, nothing similar can be said about their quality. When citizens give a significant part of their hard-earned funds to ensure comfortable conditions of residence, utilities strive to be dishonest on all fronts of their work.
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If during self measurement you have determined that the temperature is lowered, you should inform the Emergency Dispatch Service about this. If the violation of heat supply is not caused by natural factors (for example, an accident on a heating main), the dispatcher calls the emergency team to the house, which is the official act of measurement.
The measurement must be carried out by a registered device that has all the necessary technical documents. The act contains the following information:
- the date of its compilation,
- characteristics of the apartment,
- composition of the commission
- instrument data,
- temperature values,
- signatures of all committee members.
The act is drawn up in two copies, one of which remains with the owner of the apartment, and the other with the housing and communal services employees who measure.
Air exchange rate
Air temperature is not the only parameter that directly affects the comfort and safety of people living in the house. Air exchange is important for the body: the presence fresh air, ventilation of residential and non-residential premises.
This setting is also adjustable normative documents SanPiN. Thus, the required rate of air exchange for a dwelling with an area of 18 m² is 3 m³ / h per square meter, for the kitchen - three times more.
The air exchange rate is a characteristic determined by the ratio of the air removed or supplied from the room per hour of time to the volume of this room.
How to measure the coolant?
Coolant in the system central heating is hot water flowing from the tap.
You can measure its temperature different ways, but the simplest is measurement of tap water temperature with a thermometer poured into a glass.
Pipe temperature measurement is also possible. The value of this parameter should be equal to 50-70°С.
Responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature standard
If the room temperature is below normal in winter, what should I do?
By law, citizens have the right to demand reduction of payment for heat by 0.15% for each hour that utilities do not comply with your temperature norm. Having carried out simple calculations, it can be established that for 4 weeks of providing a low-quality home heating service, the payment for it is reduced by more than 90%. Of course, public utilities will not voluntarily agree to such a recalculation, and therefore it is necessary to go to court.
Application for recalculation of payment for heating in Management company can be downloaded.
History knows examples when citizens managed to defend their rights. So, in 2014, a resident Perm Territory collected 136 thousand rubles from public utilities for non-compliance by public utilities with their obligations to provide her house with heat.
Temperature standards in the apartment. Watch video:
Do you want your staff to always work effectively? Agree that it is difficult to think about business when a person is uncomfortable. And for this, it is necessary to observe at least the norms of temperature in the workplace. She should be comfortable. From this article, you will find out what standards are set by SanPiN in 2019 and what the temperature in the office should be in winter and summer, as well as what threatens the employer to violate these requirements.
Why do we need SanPiN
It follows from Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation that employers are required to create not only safe conditions at workplaces in the office or at work, but also to maintain a comfortable atmosphere - temperature, humidity level, etc. The relevant standards are set so that working 8 hours / day (40 hours / week) does not cause harm to health. In addition, comfortable conditions have a positive effect on the performance of staff.
When introducing a temperature norm in a workroom, officials necessarily pay attention to humidity, air velocity, surface temperature, etc. In addition, indicators may differ due to varying degrees of load and types of work. For example, in foundries, their own temperature is considered comfortable, which cannot be said about ordinary office rooms.
Temperature regime of the office
The less physical activity a person performs, the warmer it should be in the room. Office workers spend most of their time at the computer, and most of them move from office to office. Therefore, a favorable temperature should be established taking into account these factors.
According to SanPiN 2019, the temperature in the workplace in the office during the warm season should be 23-25 degrees Celsius with a relative humidity of 60-40%. At the same time, the surface temperature is from 22 to 26C, and the air velocity is up to 0.1 m/s.
In the cold season in the office should be from 22 to 24C (humidity and air speed are similar). Optimum temperature surfaces 21-25C.
When making a decision, be guided by SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate industrial premises» (p. 5, 6, 7 and Appendix 1).
Employers need to know exactly what temperature should be in the working room, since if the norms are not observed, liability may be brought.
Consequences for violating SanPiN norms
When working conditions deviate from temperature standards, duration labor day should be shortened. For example, office workers can work indoors at + 13C for no more than 1 - 4 hours (during normal sedentary work).
Violation of the temperature regime is qualified under Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. Possible warning or imposition of a fine in the amount of:
- 2000-5000 rub. – for individual entrepreneurs;
- 50,000-80,000 - for legal entities;
- 2000 - 5000 rubles. - for officials.
It is also possible to force the termination of activities for up to 3 months.
They can also be held liable under Art. 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, which provides for a warning or an administrative fine from 100 to 20,000 rubles. depending on the status of the perpetrator (individual, official, individual entrepreneur, legal entity). But usually inspectors are guided by more stringent sanctions, that is, Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
Remember that it is the responsibility of the employer to create and maintain the temperature at the workplace in accordance with SanPiN standards. For this, air conditioners, heaters, etc. are used. established rules, many conflicts can be avoided, as well as downtime associated with employee illnesses.
Which external factors affect employee performance? Such a question, of course, should be asked by any leader who wants to take care of his subordinates and increase monthly revenue. Unfortunately, features that are obvious at first glance often go unnoticed. So, for example, at enterprises, both small and large, temperature standards at the workplace are often ignored. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the fact that not every employee will be able to fully work, freezing or suffering from unbearable heat.
Who regulates the weather at work?
Are there official documents regulating such indicators? Yes, there are. These are SanPin norms for temperature in the workplace. The regulations given in them apply to absolutely all companies and all employees (regardless of the size of the company and its nationality).
All information in the norms can be divided into two main blocks: temperature recommendations for different category employees and the responsibility of the employer for their violation. Among other things, the norm of air temperature in the workplace is also regulated by Article 212 Labor Code of our country, which states that the employer is obligated to provide favorable conditions and conditions for work, as well as rest for his employees.
How to protect yourself in the workplace?
What can an employee do if the temperature at the workplace is above normal? If a person is aware of the real risks to their health in such a situation, then it is quite possible to temporarily refuse to perform their official duties. To do this, it is necessary to draw up an official written statement and transfer it to higher management.
The document must contain information that the implementation of the employment contract work poses certain health risks. It would be useful to refer to the 379th article of the Labor Code, which contains information about the legality of such intentions. If the paper is drawn up in accordance with all the rules, then the employee will not only not lose, but will retain all existing rights. However, do not overdo it in your desire to take a break from work, it is likely that the authorities will offer you alternative options.
How to get around the law without breaking it?
The leadership also has its loopholes and detours. The thing is that SanPin in its documentation indicates such a concept as “stay time”, and not “length of the working day”. Simply put, an employer is not always required to let an employee go home early when they are uncomfortable in order to comply with the law. He can take the following actions:
- Organize an additional break in the middle of the working day in a room with more acceptable conditions for relaxation.
- Transfer workers to another location that meets the requirements.
summer workplace temperature
Of course, office employees are most concerned about the temperature standards in the workplace, but it is difficult to say what this trend is connected with. It should be noted that managers, secretaries and other employees of intellectual labor belong to the category of workers with minor physical exertion. It is generally accepted that the normal temperature for them should range from 22.2 to 26.4 (20-28) degrees Celsius. Any deviation from the established figures should lead to a reduction in the working day. The reduction scheme looks like this:
- 28 degrees - 8 hours;
- 28.5 degrees - 7 hours;
- 29 degrees - 6 hours and so on.
According to a similar algorithm, the deadline job duties in the office is reduced to a temperature of 32.5 degrees above zero. With such initial data, no more than one hour is allowed to work. With the above work, it is completely required to cancel or transfer to another room.
temperature in winter
It should be noted that employees in the workplace can suffer not only from stuffiness and heat, but also from cold (such situations are even more dangerous, but they are much less common). What is the minimum allowable rate temperature at work? To begin with, let's discuss the algorithm of the day in cool conditions for office workers. The number of working hours for them begins to decrease from 20 degrees according to the following scheme:
- 19 degrees - 7-hour;
- 18 degrees - 6 hours;
- 17 degrees - 5 hours and so on.
The final mark of 13 degrees Celsius implies the work of an office worker in unheated room within one hour, at lower rates of work it is required to cancel at all.
It should be noted that the above norms apply exclusively to industrial and office premises, there are also requirements for social facilities, but they are slightly different. For example, the recommended temperature for clinics is about 20-22 degrees.
Classification of all professions
SanPin norms for temperature at the workplace are different for each category of employees. In total, there are three main categories, of which two are also divided into additional subgroups:
- 1a. Energy consumption up to 139 W. Insignificant physical activity, performance of labor duties in a sitting position.
- 1b. Energy consumption from 140 to 174 W. Slight physical exertion when performing duties that can be performed both sitting and standing.
- 2a. Energy consumption from 175 W to 232 W. Moderate physical stress, the need for regular walking, moving loads weighing up to 1 kg in a sitting position.
- 2b. Energy consumption 233-290 W. Active, but moderate physical activity, which consists in constant walking and moving loads weighing up to 10 kilograms.
- 3. Energy consumption from 290 W. Intense load, requiring considerable strength and impact. It consists in walking, carrying large loads.
You should not assume that the higher the category of the employee, the more scrupulously the temperature standards at the workplace should be observed in the summer and in winter time of the year. In fact, the law requires to protect each person very carefully. Moreover, people engaged in active physical labor endure coolness much easier, as they have the opportunity to warm themselves from the efforts made.
Where to turn for help?
What to do if the temperature standards at the workplace are violated, and the management continues to force employees to work? In this situation, time that goes beyond the boundaries given in the laws can be considered processing. And processing, as you know, should be paid at double the rate.
Where can I complain about the fact that the temperature standards in the workplace are occasionally or regularly violated? Unfortunately, there is no official institution dealing with this issue. However, if necessary, employees can direct all their complaints regarding the unsatisfactory organization of conditions in the workplace to the local labor inspection, which will be able to record the complaint and initiate proceedings on it.
In addition to your wishes for organizing a comfortable temperature at the workplace in your company, it is possible to send them to Rospotrebnadzor, they will also help you decide controversial situation with an employer.
The amount of punishment and its types
What punishment can an unlucky employer run into? The simplest is the usual fine, the size of which can range from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. Much worse for any organization is a temporary suspension of its activities, which can last up to 90 days. To avoid punishment, it is necessary either to improve the existing conditions, or the employee to the required norm in this case.
How to fix violations?
How can you achieve the required temperature at the workplace in summer? Perhaps the only effective way The solution to this issue is to install modern air conditioners, as well as maintaining the existing ventilation system at high level. None open windows and drafts will not help to create comfortable conditions in the heat, but will only ensure the distillation of heated air from room to room. Another disadvantage of this method is the high risk of colds among people in the room.
With regard to the need to increase the air temperature, the most appropriate is the use of a central heating system.
The t in the dwelling is influenced by:
- Climate.
- Seasons.
- Individual features of housing.
Normal temperatures may vary in different areas. For example, in the southern and northern regions, in the eastern and western regions, its numbers differ.
Due to the alternation of the seasons, the microclimate also changes. IN summer period The temperature rises and falls significantly in winter.
Features of housing planning also affect the maintenance of comfortable living. For example, in corner apartment the degree of heat is slightly lower.
The human factor is also involved in creating temperature features. Each person has his own concept of heat and coolness. Women are naturally thermophilic, they need a slightly higher temperature than men. Young children do not know how to independently maintain their bodies; it is easy to both overheat and overcool them, which negatively affects their health.
Norms
Temperature regulation is carried out in accordance with GOSTR and the rules of the organization providing utilities.
- Comfortable consider t from 20 to 25 ° C.
- During the cold season 19 - 22 C.
- In the heat 22 - 25 C.
Temperature regime different rooms:
- Bedroom 17-18°C. In such conditions, the body rests and recovers.
- Kitchen 18-19°С. Saturated with heat-radiating electrical appliances, high t is not required.
- Bath 24-26°C. Because of high humidity dampness and discomfort. Requires t higher than other rooms.
- Children's 23-24°С. Babies need a higher degree of warmth because they do not regulate their heat transfer well.
- Others 18-22°С.
Do not create sudden changes in heat between rooms, no more than 2°.
Heating season
In the Government Decree No. 354 of 05/06/2011, the heating period is clearly indicated. Based on this decision, heat enters our homes with a steady decrease in temperature. environment less than eight degrees for eight days.
On the sixth day, we may not wait for the due service if:
- Not produced preliminary preparation heat supply networks. Usually, all repair work is carried out in the summer.
- Accident. From sudden breakdown preventive actions may be powerless. Many factors, such as severe winter frosts or huge summer heat, contribute to the rapid deterioration of communications.
The norm is designed for apartments with centralized heat supply. Having individual heating you can not wait for the start of the season, but regulate the temperature in the house yourself.
The beginning of the heating season does not have a fixed date in our country. Depends on natural factors. severe cold may occur in early autumn or its middle.
The approximate start date for heat delivery is the end of September and mid-October.
What temperature should be in a corner apartment
The temperature in the corner apartment should be two degrees higher than in others and is 20 degrees, the base is 18. To maintain the set figure, in a cooler corner apartment, an additional battery is introduced into the project even before construction.
Optimal t mode:
- Bedroom 20–22.
- Children's 20-25.
- Kitchen 19–21.
- Bath 24–26.
- Others 20–22.
Permissible t mode:
- Bedroom 18–24.
- Children's 20–24.
- Kitchen 18–26.
- Bath 18–26.
- Others 18–24.
What temperature should be in the batteries
The temperature in our batteries is constantly changing, mainly it depends on weather changes, but it never exceeds 90 degrees, this is enough to maintain comfortable conditions even in severe frosts. The main radiator of the corresponding brand with the necessary heat transfer.
Usually, throughout the year, water is heated to 50–70 degrees, in summer it is supplied to a tap marked “for hot”, and in winter to the heating system.
The easiest way to measure:
- Place the thermometer in the container.
- Fill hot water from the tap.
Deviation is allowed only upwards of 4 degrees.
Other measurement methods:
- Put the thermometer on the battery, add one to two degrees to the resulting figure.
- Buy infrared thermometer, a little more expensive, but measures with an accuracy of 0.5 degrees.
- Connect an electrical appliance equipped with the “measure temperature” function to the battery using a thermocouple wire. Record indicators.
Device for constant thermometry:
- Choose the most suitable place on the radiator.
- Put the most common alcohol thermometer.
- Fix for thermal insulation with foam rubber.
Fast, inexpensive, convenient and the temperature is regularly monitored.
Important. If the temperature does not meet the specified norm, file a complaint with the housing and communal services. The arriving commission will determine the temperature of the water in the heating system. They are required to act in relation to paragraph 4 in the "Methods of control" GOST 3049-96. The measuring device has a quality certificate, registration and verification. The error in its work is not more than 0.1 degrees.
Troubleshooting
Heating problems are immediately visible. Cold and constant dampness, the appearance of fungus on the walls. There can be no talk of any comfortable living for the human body.
Main signs of problems:
- The radiator has a small leak.
- Uneven heating, when using equipment "warm floor".
- Bubbling and noise in pipes.
- Uneven heat distribution across floors.
- Different degree of warmth of radiators of different rooms of the same apartment.
- Poorly functioning system as a whole.
Barely warm batteries- most main feature your problems.
Reasons for the situation:
- Wrong design.
- Wrong hardware installed.
- Unauthorized connections.
- Not quality installation systems.
- The presence of air in the pipes.
- Violations during the installation of radiators.
- Pipe wear.
- Lack of tight connections.
Troubleshooting step by step guide
- Entrust the design only to experienced professionals who will take into account all the features of housing:
- Layout.
- The volume of the heated area.
- Possible heat loss.
- Install equipment according to the project. Pick up suitable friend friend cranes, pipes, sections at the present time is very simple.
- In order not to unbalance the system, do not change the radiators yourself. You need to take permission to this species works and invite an experienced specialist.
- Water does not circulate well due to improper welding polypropylene pipe, inside the diameter has decreased. The executor must eliminate his defects free of charge.
- To prevent the occurrence air locks, install special automatic air vents. They independently release the system, preventing the accumulation of air.
- To avoid problems with the radiator, hang it on strong brackets, prevent sagging and warping. At a distance of 10 centimeters from the floor and 2-3 from the wall.
- A leak in a pipe in an accessible place can be repaired independently. Wrap with soft rubber and secure with wire for reliability. If the breakdown is hidden in the wall or floor, you will have to use the services of a specialist.
- rust and lime scale reduce the patency of pipes, to prevent such complications, introduce water softening substances into the system.
Important! Do not wait for the start of the heating season, inspect all pipes and radiators in your apartment in advance.
Do not save on equipment, repairing a flooded apartment of neighbors will cost more.
Not all plastic pipes are suitable for heating installation, from hot water they may melt or burst.
Recalculation of payment for heating
If the temperature in the apartment does not meet the specified standards, you must submit your requirements in writing to the housing and communal services. Within two days, a special commission, after inspecting the housing and measuring the temperature in the batteries, will confirm the violation.
With a temperature regime in rooms of 14 degrees Celsius, citizens have the right not to pay for this utility service. And the relevant organizations are required to recalculate, guided by Appendix 1 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 307 “On the procedure for providing utilities citizens."
Recalculation is made in such cases:
- The daytime temperature of the living room is less than +18, for corner room +20.
- The frost is -30, and the heating norms have not been increased to +20 and +22, respectively.
- The total shutdown time during the month is above 24 hours. It should be noted that the interruption of the heat supply must be fixed. You can't prove anything without papers.
- One-time shutdown at external t -12 more than 16 hours.
You must also apply for recalculation:
- In the event of a radiator failure.
- Formation of a subsidy.
- With the poor quality of the services offered.
Recalculation will be denied if:
- Heat loss detected. There is no insulation of walls, windows, doors.
- The risers are filled with air.
- Reduced heat output from radiators.
Recalculation is possible during the year once. Before starting the procedure, carefully weigh the pros and cons. The process is lengthy and requires a lot of paperwork. Careful preparation is needed.
In winter bad weather, you often have to feel discomfort when you are in an apartment, associated with a clear lack of space heating. In this case, it becomes necessary to find a way out of the situation by contacting the services responsible for maintaining the optimal temperature regime in residential premises.
This moment becomes especially relevant if children or people with health problems live in the apartment. And the first question that arises when dealing with a similar problem is what should be the temperature in the room. In order to correctly navigate the situation and make an adequate decision, it is necessary to rely on existing regulations.
What determines the temperature regime in the apartment
The air temperature in the room depends not only on the influence of the human factor, but also on external weather conditions.
Climate influence
In different regions, external temperature indicators can vary significantly. Accordingly, the requirements for the norms of space heating in the southern and northern regions in the autumn winter period will differ significantly.
Dependence on the season
IN summer season in high-rise buildings room temperature is practically never low if we are talking about middle latitudes and southern regions. On the contrary, on some days its indicator may exceed the optimal level, which should be within the limits not exceeding 25 degrees.
At night, the temperature in the house is slightly lower than during the day.
In winter, without heating, living quarters would be too cold, making it impossible to live in them. IN cold period have to rely on the work of public services. Temperature standards should not be lower than 19 degrees for any region.
Comfortable temperature in the apartment
The feeling of comfort in the room is associated with the absence of overheating and hypothermia. At normal temperature, a person should not feel the need to use warm clothes while in the apartment, but too high temperature readings are also unacceptable.
concept comfortable temperature in an apartment is determined not only by subjective feelings, but also by established hygiene standards. We will consider them below.
What temperature should be in the room in winter - the norm
The optimum air temperature in the apartment during the winter period should be designed for a safe stay indoors for people of all ages and different state health.
According to the accepted sanitary and hygienic parameters, the temperature norm in winter should be in the range from 19 to 21 degrees.
There are established standards for individual rooms of a residential building.
How many degrees should be in the house depends on which section of the apartment we are talking about.
It is customary to adhere to the following indicators:
Kitchen - recommended temperature - 19 - 21 degrees, maximum - 26 degrees, bathroom - 24 and 26, respectively, bedroom, hall - 20 and 24, corridor - 18 and 22. If it is necessary to check the compliance of these indicators with regulatory parameters, measurements should be carried out in a place where there are no drafts and the battery is not located close.
Hypothermia, symptoms and consequences
When the body becomes cold in the room, a feeling of chills occurs. Increased drowsiness may develop, performance may decrease. There is a desire to wrap up, put on warm clothes. The fastest supercooled are small children and the elderly.
Hypothermia may result in colds, problems with the heart and blood vessels.
Constant low temperature indoors can adversely affect human health!
Overheating of the body, symptoms and consequences
Overheating of the body can occur when the temperature in the room exceeds the 25-degree mark. If you stay in a very warm room all the time, you may experience symptoms of heat stroke - nausea, dizziness, fainting.
Like hypothermia, children and the elderly are more susceptible to overheating. Overheating can result in serious problems with the cardiovascular system, constant severe drowsiness, irritability, decreased immunity.
What to do if the temperature in the apartment is below normal in winter
If the room temperature does not reach established norm, you must contact the utility service with a request to take temperature measurements in the room.
In case of confirmation of the fact of violation of temperature standards, the problem must be eliminated without fail. In case of refusal of utilities in the decision this issue should be referred to higher authorities.
