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Types of insulation for walls from the inside and their characteristics, features of use. The main types of insulation and their characteristics Materials for warm insulation at home

Insulation for the internal walls of the house is enough actual question for suburban buildings, because their walls are usually quite thin and poorly retain heat. To reduce the cost of heating a country house, it is necessary to properly insulate the structure. If external insulation is not possible according to design features buildings, the thermal insulation is made from the inside. When choosing a heater for walls inside a house in a country house, not only the price of the material is taken into account, but also its characteristics, installation features.

The choice of insulation for interior work is huge, but not all materials can be used for thermal insulation of walls.

Advantages and disadvantages of internal insulation

This type of insulation has several disadvantages:

Due to the size of the insulation, the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is reduced - for small rooms this is especially critical.

Due to the displacement of the dew point (condensate), if the technology is not followed, condensation and mold may appear on the walls.

The premises may not be used during work.

Cheap wall insulation can adversely affect human health.

But it is this method that many prefer, which is explained by the positive aspects internal insulation:

Work can be carried out regardless of weather conditions, which allows you to warm the room several times faster.

The technology of internal insulation is cheaper than external.

It becomes possible to align the walls and change the interior of the room.

The shift of the dew point during internal wall insulation leads to the accumulation of condensate

Condensation on walls the main problem internal insulation. There are several methods to solve it:

use a high-quality vapor barrier membrane;

choose a heat-insulating material with a minimum thermal conductivity;

as a finishing material is better to use moisture resistant drywall;

organize additional ventilation in the room.

How to choose the right heater

Choice heat-insulating material affect the features of the premises and the budget for future work.

Types of heaters used for internal thermal insulation

Most often used for interior work:

mineral wool;

Styrofoam;

penoplex;

ecowool;

sprayed materials.

When choosing a material for the internal insulation of a country house, a number of parameters should be taken into account:

Thermal conductivity of the insulation- the lower this indicator, the better.

Frost resistance- suburban buildings are heated in winter period not constantly, therefore, the insulation will inevitably be affected by low temperatures.

Durability- having saved on insulation, you may be faced with the need to replace the heat insulator after 4–5 years.

Environmental friendliness- the material for internal insulation should not emit harmful substances.

In addition, the compatibility of the insulation with the material from which the walls are made is also taken into account. The calculation of the thickness of the insulation is carried out based on the thermal conductivity of the material itself, as well as the thickness and type of the walls to be insulated.

Often there is a temptation to choose the cheapest insulation for walls inside the house in the country, not really delving into the study of its characteristics and making preliminary calculations. This approach leads to disappointment with the results of thermal insulation, the appearance of additional problems in the form of mold, fungus, and condensate.

The main problem with improper internal insulation is mold formation.

But it also makes no sense to purchase the most expensive insulation, to make several additional layers to insulate walls in the country. To find the golden mean, to make competent calculations will help professionals who encounter such work regularly. A competent choice of insulation for interior work, compliance with technology is a real way to save money.

Mineral wool for wall insulation inside the house is one of the most popular and common materials.

Mineral wool is the most popular material for insulation

It is a fibrous material. The fibers are formed by pulverizing certain types of slag or basalt. Thanks to this production technology, the material is environmentally friendly, natural.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer home insulation services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Properties of mineral wool

Cotton wool does not burn, which is important when used in wooden houses.

Characteristics different types mineral wool

This heater has several other advantages:

Resistance to biological organisms. Does not promote the formation of fungus and mold.

Good soundproof characteristics. Mineral wool fibers randomly superimposed on each other perfectly retain sound waves.

It is not subject to shrinkage, which retains the properties of this type of insulation throughout the entire service life.

The ability to pass air, which allows you to maintain a healthy microclimate in the room.

The correct functioning of the insulation is possible only in combination with additional moisture insulating materials. When exposed to water, mineral wool loses some of its thermal insulation properties. Over time, the mineral wool is capable of disintegrating into fibers, which requires the replacement of the heat insulator.

It should be borne in mind that mice and other small rodents can arrange nests and passages in glass wool. Therefore, the country house must be protected from rodents before insulation.

Mice have chosen glass wool for nesting

Features of mineral wool insulation: the need for additional materials

It is necessary to work with cotton using means personal protection– small particles of fibers can get on the mucous membranes and cause irritation.

With such insulation, the finishing material for wall decoration is drywall. For its fastening to the wall, a metal profile and suspensions are used. Warming is carried out in the following order:

Waterproofing is fixed on the wall - any will do roll material. With the help of a construction stapler, the waterproofing is attached to the wall, at the joints the material is laid with an overlap of about 15 cm.

Vertical markings are applied to the wall in increments of 60 cm for the convenience of attaching drywall sheets (its standard width 120 cm).

After marking, metal suspensions are attached to the wall - dowel-nails are used for this.

Mineral wool is put on suspensions, the entire wall is consistently filled.

After that, metal profiles are attached to the suspensions, and a vapor barrier film is attached to them.

With the help of self-tapping screws, drywall sheets are attached, the joints are puttied.

The stages of wall insulation with mineral wool, followed by plasterboard finishing, can be found in the video:

The result is an insulated wall, ready for fine finishing. It can be both puttying and painting, and wallpapering.

The cost of mineral wool

Mineral wool is a relatively cheap insulation. Sold in slabs or rolls. Standard sizes plates:

• 1000x600 mm;

  1 200x600 mm;

The material in rolls can be selected in various lengths - from 5 to 12 m.

Cost per 1 sq. m of mineral wool is:

50 mm thick - from 50 to 100 rubles;

100 mm thick - from 105 to 210 rubles.

When choosing mineral wool, it is necessary to take into account not only the dimensions of the plates, the thickness of the insulation, but also the need for additional materials required for installation work.

Styrofoam

Budget material, almost 98% air. 2% falls on the main component of raw materials - polystyrene. It can be used as a heater for walls outside the house in the country and from the inside.

Foam specifications

Properties and advantages of foam

Among the advantages of this material:

Versatility and ease of installation. This material is used for insulation of any structures. It is easy to cut, installation does not take much time.

Low price. One of the cheapest heaters.

Safety. During operation, it does not form dust and harmful fumes. You can work with it without protective equipment.

However, polystyrene is a combustible material, in direct contact with fire, the sheets light up easily, and the release of harmful substances begins.

Advice! It is undesirable to insulate wooden buildings with foam plastic.

Does not pass steam, practically does not absorb moisture. A significant disadvantage is the attractiveness for rodents. Rats and mice easily make moves in foam plastic, equip holes.

One of the disadvantages of polystyrene is flammability

Features of wall insulation with foam

Instead of guides metal profiles you can use wooden blocks. This method is very convenient when working with foam. The thickness of the foam sheet should be equal to the thickness of the bars, which will be guides for attaching insulation between them.

Depending on the width of the foam, the step of fixing the bars to the wall is selected. Waterproofing is fixed on the surface of the entire resulting structure. Styrofoam sheets are tightly inserted into the resulting recesses between the timber - this avoids additional fixation. If necessary, the joints are filled with mounting foam.

After filling the entire wall with insulation, it is closed with a protective vapor barrier. Plywood sheets are fixed on top, the joints are puttied - the surface is ready for finishing.

Wall insulated with styrofoam

Cost, foam dimensions

Standard sizes of foam sheets:

The thickness can vary from 20 to 100 mm. The cost of foam depends on the density of the material, manufacturer and region.

You can buy foam plastic 50 mm thick in Moscow from 50 rubles per 1 sq. m.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Thermal insulation material, the basis of which is polystyrene, as in polystyrene. But thanks to the manufacturing technology, penoplex, technolex and other similar materials have better performance characteristics than their counterparts.

Comparison of the characteristics of foam and extruded polystyrene foam

Main advantages:

perfectly retains heat in the room;

due to its small thickness, when insulating walls inside the room, it practically does not reduce the usable area;

light weight and ease of installation - properties similar to foam;

environmental friendliness - does not emit toxic substances and does not require protective equipment during installation work;

availability - the material is relatively inexpensive.

This material is universal, used as insulation for walls outside the house in the country, from the inside, for the floor and ceiling.

The video shows tests of foam for strength, fire safety in real conditions:

Another popular insulation for walls inside the house is penoplex, the price and quality of which attract buyers with its good ratio.

This material can be attached to the wall without additional training. It does not need waterproofing, since it does not let water through, but some experts argue that the film will not be superfluous. Due to its small thickness, it can be fastened with glue or dowels of nails with large caps. After filling the wall with insulation, it is plastered.

This method of insulation is suitable for flat walls. If there is a need to level the plane, then you can not do without guides.

Walls insulated with foam

Penoplex cost

Standard dimensions of extruded polystyrene foam sheets:

Insulation thickness - from 10 to 100 mm (depending on the brand of material).

The price of a package of insulation depends on the size, thickness of the material, the manufacturer and the number of boards in the package.

For example, Penoplex Comfort will cost:

1254 rubles for 18 plates measuring 1185x585x20 mm;

1252 rubles for 12 sheets - 1185x585x30 mm;

1234 rubles for 9 plates - 1200x600x40 mm.

Cellulose-based insulation, which is made from waste paper and paper waste. The bulk of the insulation is 80% cellulose fiber. There are additives that prevent combustion and reproduction of microorganisms - boric acid and borax. These additives are practically not harmful to humans.

Ecowool - safe insulation

Ecowool is a good heat-insulating material, which with its properties is practically not inferior to others. But it has much more significant shortcomings:

Loss of thermal insulation properties over time - ecowool is subject to shrinkage.

Costly installation. Spraying is carried out special equipment. Basic skills in working with the material are required to obtain the correct layer of insulation.

Application features

For insulation with ecowool, various technologies are used:

dry backfill;

wet spraying;

wet adhesive plaster.

Each method has its own characteristics. For wall insulation, the wet method is most often used, which requires the use of special equipment, as well as an adhesive.

The use of special equipment for working with ecowool

Ecowool cost

Ecowool is packaged in sealed bags of 13–15 kg. The price for 1 kg of insulation is 30–40 rubles.

But the material consumption depends not only on the desired thickness of the heat-insulating layer, but also on the skills of the performer, compliance with the insulation technology.

Issue price

Mineral wool and polystyrene foam are the most budgetary insulation for walls inside the house, the price will depend on the size of the area to be insulated and the method of installation of the insulation. Penoplex is a more expensive material, but you can not build a frame to attach it to the walls.

It is not easy to choose the type, size, thickness of insulation without certain experience and knowledge.

The process of insulation with mineral wool and foam plastic is almost identical, and foam plastic can compensate for its price with economical installation work.

The price of ecowool is low, but thermal insulation work will require the use of special equipment, which will increase costs.

Conclusion

The choice of insulation method and materials depends on many factors. Before starting work, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons between internal and external insulation, consider which heat-insulating material is suitable in a particular case, determine the thickness of the insulation, and the need for additional materials. Therefore, it is advisable to entrust the purchase of insulation to a competent contractor who will take into account all the features of the internal insulation technology and the wishes of the customer.

Thermal insulation of walls from the inside often has to be used to save heat and money in already used rooms, where exterior decoration is not possible. And the question of choosing the material for the work becomes the most important. What to choose? How ? Let's talk about it in this article.

materials

Styrofoam, or as it is also called - expanded polystyrene, is produced by polymerization of styrene. Heated and foamed granules can be used on their own, falling asleep in the ceiling. But most often on sale there are plates and blocks pressed from them. This type insulation has been used for a long time and successfully. It has both advantages and disadvantages.

Pros:

• high coefficient of thermal insulation;
• easy to install (easy to cut with a knife);
• moisture resistant;
• has a low weight;
• high vapor barrier;
• does not require additional waterproofing;
• retains properties for several decades;
• low price.

Minuses:

• fragile;
• low sound insulation;
• combustible (when burning, it releases harmful substances);
• rodents often start;
• not suitable as a heater for walls inside a wooden house (does not allow steam to pass through, which is necessary for proper air circulation in the room).

In order for the selected material to meet all the conditions, you need to use it correctly.

Mounting Features

Using foam for wall insulation, it is possible to increase thermal insulation even with thin slabs. Due to the fact that the foam does not allow moisture to pass through, there is no need to apply additional hydro and vapor barrier.

But, in order for it to work as it should, it is necessary to very carefully seal all the joints between the plates and at their junction with the structure. This can easily be done with polyurethane foam. In addition, some manufacturers have foam boards made with a stepped edge, which allows them to be joined very tightly to each other.

Perfectly attached to the walls with dish-shaped dowels or adhesive. Both methods can be used at the same time. Glue for fixing foam is best used in the form of foam. This composition acts as additional insulation.

Due to the strength of the foam, finishing can be done directly on it, without building additional frames. Due to its low weight, there is no overload of the walls. Compared, for example, with mineral wool, the same layer of foam will weigh 2-2.5 times less.

Scheme of wall insulation from the inside with foam

This no less popular insulation is made on the basis of rocks (basalt, slag), which is why it is also called "stone wool". It is produced in rolls and in pressed plates. different density The material is determined by both thermal insulation properties and cost.

But the roll version is used to insulate the ceiling or floor, while plates are more suitable for walls. This material also has both advantages and disadvantages.

Pros:

• retains heat well in winter, and coolness in summer;
• high sound insulation (moreover, a looser material protects against noise, and a denser material protects from the sound of impacts from the outside);
• not combustible;
• in contact with open fire does not emit harmful substances and does not smoke.

Minuses:

• the security provided by certificates does not always correspond to the declared one;
• during installation, it is necessary to cover hands and face from the ingress of small particles;
• strong moisture absorption (in case of getting wet, it loses its thermal insulation properties).

Mounting Features

As a heater for walls, basalt wool made of very thin fiber is best suited. To work with mineral wool, it is necessary to protect the body and face. It is better to work in a respirator.

Choosing mineral wool as a heater, you should not hope for an excellent result. Its main disadvantage is high vapor permeability. It is several times higher than other materials for thermal insulation.

That is, any moisture from the outside will be easily absorbed. And since the wet mineral wool loses its properties, it very quickly ceases to act as a heater. Of course, this effect can be avoided by isolating the layer of wool with a film.

You can "solder" the plates into packages, although this will complicate the technology of their fastening to the walls. But all these precautions may be in vain, as soon as small holes appear in the waterproofing. If the cotton wool starts to get wet, then this will inevitably lead to smudges or fungus.

If you nevertheless chose mineral wool as a heater, then the easiest way is to lay it in drywall construction, while waterproofing is required. In addition to its direct purpose, the film is also designed to prevent the ingress of small particles of cotton wool into the room.

This type of insulation is one of the most famous and previously used. But now, thanks to more technologically advanced materials, the use of glass wool is receding into the background. This wadding is made from glass waste, which looks like fibers up to 5 cm long.

Pros:

• high resistance to vibration;
• high sound insulation;
• non-toxic;
• not combustible;
• high elasticity (can be pressed for storage);
• not subject to the formation of mold and fungus;
• pests and rodents do not start in it;
• low cost.

Minuses:

• short service life;
• some formulations contain formaldehyde;
• you need to work in a protective suit.

Mounting Features

The very first thing to think about before installing glass wool insulation is to protect your face and body. If the smallest particles of cotton wool get on the skin, they will cause severe itching. If it enters the respiratory tract, irreversible and serious health problems are likely. After work, you need to throw away all clothing and a respirator.

For laying glass wool, a crate sewn with drywall is used. Insulation is placed in the empty space, previously covered with a layer of film. You can first lay cotton wool in the crate, cover it with a waterproofing agent, and then sew it up with drywall.

This is a modern and safe insulation made from cellulose, boric acid and an antiseptic composition. Outwardly, it is a loose, gray material.

Pros:

• natural composition;
• hypoallergenic;
• high thermal insulation;
• does not shrink and shifts even in a vertical position;
• can be used on metal structures;
• high sound insulation;
• fungus does not occur in it;
• not combustible;
• installation by spraying will fill all cracks.

Minuses:

• installation requires special equipment (installation is carried out by specialists);
• may begin to smolder from high temperatures (next to the fireplace, chimney);
• higher cost.

Mounting Features

To insulate walls with ecowool, a special blowing unit is used, which crushes and then blows ecowool through a hose. Thanks to high pressure and fine structure, the material penetrates into all cracks and hard-to-reach places, covering the surface with a continuous monolithic layer.

You can also blow ecowool into finished cavities. If the surface is deaf, then small technological holes are drilled through which the material is blown. It can also be used for soundproofing interior partitions.

This modern heat insulator looks similar to ordinary paint. It contains antiseptic additives that prevent the occurrence of fungus. Compared to conventional heaters, for example, mineral wool, a layer of 1 mm hard-ceramic insulation will be equal in terms of thermal insulation characteristics to a layer of 50 mm of mineral wool.

Pros:

• service life is several decades;
• no need for vapor barrier;
• very easy to install;
• does not complicate further finishing;
• does not reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room;
• does not load the walls;
• good adhesion with any materials.

Perhaps the only drawback of this solution will be its higher cost compared to other heaters.

Mounting Features

Since the composition of liquid-ceramic insulation is similar to ordinary paint, then its installation is carried out in the same way - with a brush, roller or spray gun. The latter option is preferable, since the pressurized insulation will fill all cracks and hard-to-reach places. In addition, the consumption of the spray gun is lower than when using a roller.

Liquid insulation does not change its performance properties even at temperatures from -60 to +250 C⁰. The absence of steam and waterproofing makes the job much easier.

General requirements for materials

Insulation of walls from the inside is not always a measure used, but if you decide on it, then there really is a need for this.

To do everything right and achieve the desired result, you need to follow a number of requirements for materials:

• low conductivity of heat from the inside and cold outside;
• long service life, the insulation should not slip and deform;
• the material must be non-flammable and not emit toxic substances during smoldering;
• water resistance and the ability to repel moisture;
• environmental friendliness;
• vapor permeability;
• the material should not attract rodents and be convenient for arranging their holes;
• compactness, which is especially important for small houses.

What material to use

When choosing a material for wall insulation from the inside, you need to focus on its main properties. So the foam does not let air through, does not breathe, but it is easily mounted without requiring a frame. Glass wool, on the other hand, easily absorbs moisture, requires careful handling and must be laid in a frame.

Ecowool is environmentally friendly, but it needs to be applied with special devices and preferably by specialists, this increases the cost of insulation. Liquid ceramics is quite expensive, but it does not require the creation of additional structures and does not reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

Whether you choose low cost, environmental friendliness, moisture resistance or easy installation, remember that the main thing is to follow all the rules of insulation technology.

Wall insulation technology from the inside

No less important than the choice of material will be the observance of all the rules for the installation and operation of the heat insulator.

In order for the insulation to serve for a long time and with high quality, it is necessary to adhere to some rules:

1. Provide the necessary insulation by accurate calculation of materials. Calculate Quantity required material can be calculated by knowing the area required for insulation and guided by the tables on the packaging of the insulation.
2. Fasten the heat insulator tightly to the base. In order to avoid vaporization, which will occur in the air space between the heat insulator and the wall, it is necessary to try to avoid gaps between these two planes.
3. The heat insulator layer must be closed waterproof film.
4. Do not install sockets, switches, and other devices requiring through holes in the heat insulator casing. This is done for reasons of tightness of the waterproofing, the holes in which will lead to the passage of moisture to the insulation and, ultimately, to its damage.
5. Ensure tight joints and adjoining material to the walls.
6. Before starting work, make sure that surfaces are dry.

When starting to insulate walls, you must first properly prepare these same walls. For this wooden surfaces impregnated with antiseptic primers, concrete and brickwork cleaned of dust and dirt, dry well.

Further, if necessary, a frame is assembled, into which the insulation will subsequently be laid. The frame is necessary in case of using mineral wool, glass wool, or similar sheet or roll insulation, if it is not possible to stick them on the walls. For the construction of the frame, it is best to use a material similar to the material of the walls.

So, if you warm wooden house, then it is better to assemble the frame from wooden bars, soaking them with special antifungal compounds. If the room is built of brick or concrete, then it would be better to use metal profiles.

The insulation is attached to the walls depending on the type of material chosen. So soft sheets or rolls are laid in a crate, the foam is simply glued to the walls, the sprayed insulation is blown out with special devices, respectively.

The cost of insulation materials

Prices Construction Materials for wall insulation from the inside vary quite a lot. For some sellers, the cost depends on the volume of the purchase, and you can get a discount on a large lot:

The cost is approximate, check it on the websites of material sellers.

Also, to the cost of wall insulation, it is necessary to add not only waterproofing films and accessories necessary for installation, but also to think that if the room was already residential, then after wall insulation it will be necessary to make repairs.

1. When buying fragile materials(styrofoam), it is worth taking them with a margin.
2. Pay attention to the main indicator heaters - thermal conductivity.
3. Materials for insulation must be environmentally friendly.
4. All joints (heat insulator or waterproofing film) are made very tightly. The film is overlapped with adhesive tape, and the joints between the layers of insulation are sealed with mounting foam or acrylic sealants.
5. Insulate partitions, which are adjacent to the outer wall.
6. For additional moisture reduction on windows special control valves are installed.
7. Ask sellers quality certificates.

Among the variety of materials for home insulation, choosing the right option can be quite difficult. Each of them is often divided into several species with unique characteristics inherent in it. A comparative analysis can take a long time, so an idea of ​​​​the general properties of a particular insulation will help, if not finally make a choice, then at least tell you in which direction to move. The article will focus on building thermal insulation materials.

Thermal insulation materials types and properties

Styrofoam

One of the most popular thermal insulation materials for walls is foam. It belongs to the category of inexpensive heaters and firmly occupies a leading position in it. I must say that this is completely justified. Its effectiveness is confirmed by a sufficient number of buildings, both residential and industrial.

So, among its positive characteristics, it stands out:

• price. Production costs are minimal. Material consumption (in comparison with the popular mineral wool) is one and a half times less;
• ease of installation. Styrofoam will not require the construction of crates and guides. It is mounted on the wall by gluing;
• versatility. Properly selected type of insulation will create a reliable heat-shielding barrier of the floor, facade, walls, ceilings between floors, roofs, ceilings.

It effectively copes with the protection from the cold of the occupants frame houses, is laid inside hollow brick walls.

It is most convenient to consider indicators depending on the classification in the table. The division is based on such an indicator as density.

Characteristics	Styrofoam grades				Notes
	PSB S 50	PSB S 35	PSB S 25	PSB S 15
Density (kg/m³)	35	25	15	8	Types PS - 4, PS - 1 have an increased density
Fracture resistance (MPa)	0,30	0,25	0,018	0,06
Compressive strength (MPa)	0,16	0,16	0,08	0,04
Moisture absorption capacity (%)	1	2	3	4	When fully immersed for a period of 24 hours
Thermal conductivity (W/mk)	0,041	0,037	0,039	0,043
Self-extinguishing time (sec.) / flammability class	3	1	1	4	Provided there is no direct contact with an open flame Normally combustible
Water vapor permeability (mg)	0,05	0,05	0,05	0,05

All types described can be used at temperatures from - 60 to + 80°C.

PS class material is produced using pressing, which gives it an increased density (from 100 to 600 kg / m³). It is successfully used as a cement floor insulation and where significant loads are expected on the base. The remaining technical characteristics generally coincide with the above data for other types of foam.

Of course, in some figures and coefficients, the foam has discrepancies, for example, with more modern expanded polystyrene or penofol, but the difference is so insignificant that it will be absolutely not noticeable to the residents of the house.

Therefore, the strengths of polystyrene are rightfully considered:

• a small coefficient of thermal conductivity, which allows you to save heat in buildings made of any type of material from brick to gas silicate blocks;

• the structure of the cells of the foam is closed, so it absorbs liquid extremely poorly. For a heater, this is an extremely important indicator, because when water is collected, it loses its heat-saving properties. Basements, basements that have direct contact (or the threat of such) with groundwater are successfully insulated with foam;
• soundproofing comes as a nice addition to the function of reducing heat loss. The air hidden in the sealed cells of the material successfully dampens even the most intense sound waves transmitted in space. In order to create a barrier to impact noise, foam alone cannot be dispensed with;
• resistance to alcohols, alkaline and saline solutions, water-based paints in this material is “developed” at a high level. In addition, it is not chosen as a worthy habitat for fungi and mold. It is worth noting that rodents, on the contrary, are very fond of polystyrene and often prefer to settle in it. Fight them any available means won't allow uninvited neighbors spoil the insulation;
• environmental Safety. Styrofoam does not emit any harmful substances from itself. modern standard this heater - full compliance with sanitary standards;
• as an additional protection against combustion, flame retardants are added to the main ingredients at the production stage, designed to increase the fire resistance of the foam. And if there is no direct contact with the fire, then it will die out in a short period of time. But, in fairness, it is worth noting that it is still considered a combustible material;
• loss of the above properties will not happen, even if there is a short-term contact with a heat source up to 110 °, but a long-term exposure to more than 80 ° C will cause deformation and loss of performance.

Described temperature conditions belong to the category of anomalies, and do not occur with a regular frequency, so it is not advisable to make them the main motive for refusing to use foam.

Plates penoplex

Expanded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene - all this is the name of the same material sold in hardware stores as foam insulation. It is a “relative” of the foam plastic that is familiar to everyone, while being considered a material that is one step higher.

The main difference begins already at the production stage, where extrusion plants are used. As a result, the fine-mesh structure of the material has greater strength than its "brother" foam. It is also distinguished by excellent hydrophobic properties. In the scarlet cells, the air is securely sealed, which does not allow warm air to leave the room, and cold air, on the contrary, to penetrate inside.

The main properties of heat-insulating material:

• strength. It is achieved through a unique homogeneous structure. Under heavy loads, the plate does not deform, distributing the weight qualitatively, but at the same time it is easily cut with a construction knife into pieces of the desired size;
• environmental friendliness The material has been proven by multiple studies, it is resistant to the formation of fungus and mold, rodents do not like it. Some types of organic solvents can soften the foam and disrupt the shape and structure of the plate. Therefore, when working with this insulation, it is recommended to avoid contact with such liquids;
• low vapor permeability involves strict adherence to the installation technology and recommendations for use, so as not to create a greenhouse effect in the room;

• lifetime foam boards are at least 50 years old. This is a guaranteed period of time during which the material will have its original characteristics;
• coefficient of thermal conductivity- the main indicator by which expanded polystyrene is considered a good insulation. Low values ​​​​of this indicator indicate that the house will be reliably protected from heat loss.
• The types of heat-insulating material penoplex and the directions of their use are quite diverse (in parentheses are the previously used and modern names of the material).
• Facade insulation (PENOPLEX 31 or "Wall"). It is made with the addition of flame retardants. Good for plinths, internal and external walls, partitions, facades. Its density is 25-32 kg/m³, compressive strength is 0.20 MPa.
• Foundation ( PENOPLEX 35 without additives for fire resistance or "foundation"). In addition to the application that follows from the name, this type is widely used in the arrangement of basements, blind areas and plinths. The density is expressed in terms of 29-33 kg / m³, and the compressive strength is 0.27 MPa.
• Roofs. ( PENOPLEX 35 or "Roof"). Pitched or flat roofs of any type can be insulated with this type of Styrofoam. It is dense enough (28 - 33 kg/m³) to create a usable roof.
• Country cottages, saunas, houses. ( PENOPLEX 31 C or "Comfort"). Universal insulation. Houses, roofing, walls and plinths in small private buildings - this is the scope of its application. Density indicators - 25-35 kg / m³, strength - 0.20 MPa.

Expanded polystyrene occupies a worthy position in popularity due to good performance.

glass wool insulation material

Known to more than one generation of builders, the insulation has undergone some modifications today. But, in fact, it remained the same material from molten glass mass. Sand and recyclable materials of glass origin at temperatures above 1400 ° C are drawn into thin fibers, which are formed into small bundles (with the participation of binders), and then heated and pressed into a product resembling felt. Glass wool comes to the consumer in mats or rolls and is intended for warming both horizontal and vertical surfaces.

It belongs to the category of mineral materials and is still produced in large volumes, and this indicates the demand and the presence of a significant number of positive characteristics, which are worth getting to know a little closer.

• Fragility refers rather to significant shortcomings. So that glass wool does not scatter into its component parts during operation, mats and canvases are stitched. But no reinforcement will save from small particles flying in all directions. Therefore, the equipment of a person working with glass wool should be serious: clothing that covers the body well, a respirator mask, glasses and gloves.
• The thermal conductivity of the material is low, but compared to other materials of a similar purpose, it is considered high.
• The cost of glass wool keeps it competitive. Due to its availability, it is in demand, especially since it really reduces heat loss.
• Ease of transportation and use. Rolls and mats with material weigh little and the packages are compact enough to bring the entire volume for home insulation at one time. It's easy to lay it on too. The only caveat is that when insulating vertical bases, it can fall out of the frame, because it is quite flexible and low-elasticity. The problem is solved by the construction of guides with a smaller distance than the width of the mat. Cutting to size is easy.
• Safety. Glass wool can cause certain inconveniences and harm to health only at the installation stage. But at proper organization labor troubles will not happen. And after the material is laid in the base and covered with drywall, chipboard sheets or other finishing materials, it will not bring any harm to a person.
• The absence of rodents. Due to the specifics of the material, mice and rats will not choose this insulation to create cozy holes in it.
• Glass wool refers to non-combustible materials.
• Soundproofing during its use is also provided.

Thus, it is most convenient to use glass wool for floor and ceiling insulation. You can show skill and when finishing the walls. The main disadvantage is harmful dust, which is inevitable during cutting and rolling, but for some consumers, the low cost more than covers this minus.

slag wool

Continuing the conversation about mineral heaters, it is worth mentioning slag wool. It is made from blast furnace slag. Since this is a kind of production waste (when smelting pig iron in blast furnaces, a vitreous mass remains), the cost of its manufacture is low, and therefore the price of the finished insulation is quite affordable.

Slag wool is able to block heat well in rooms, but it has enough disadvantages and restrictions on its use to negate the low cost and good thermal insulation.

• So, slag wool is afraid of moisture. It is not justified to use it in bathrooms or on facades. At the same time, it is able to oxidize various metal parts and structures with which it comes into direct and prolonged contact.
• On top of all this, it is prickly and requires the use of special protection during operation. Against its background, glass wool looks much more attractive, so slag in modern construction is used extremely rarely.

Mineral thermal insulation material

Basalt, stone, mineral wool, rockwool - these names most often hide the same material.

• Its fibers are not inferior in size to slag, but they do not cause discomfort during installation. Safety in use is one of the first distinctive features this heater from the category of mineral.

• The thermal conductivity coefficient of this material is calculated from 0.077 to 0.12 W / meter-kelvin. Basalt wool is called the best in all respects. It does not contain additional harmful impurities, can withstand prolonged exposure to extremely high and low temperatures, easy to use.
• And ordinary stone and basalt wool are not amenable to combustion. The fibers will only melt, sinter together, but will not allow the further spread of fire.
• Any buildings can be insulated with stone wool, both when built from scratch, and have been in operation for quite a long time. Basalt insulation does not interfere with air microcirculation, which means that it can be used in buildings where supply ventilation does not function properly.
• Certain inconveniences for some builders may arise with the need to erect a false wall. Without it, the installation of insulation will not work. But in fact, the construction technology is very simple, not so much space is “eaten up”.
• The material is environmentally friendly, well suited for the insulation of wooden houses. It is strictly forbidden to get wet, therefore waterproofing layer must meet all requirements.
• Recommended thickness of thermal insulation material for middle lane is 15-20 cm, in the southern regions a 10 cm layer is enough.

• Stone wool absorbs sound well. This is achieved due to the fact that its fibers are arranged randomly, and air accumulates in large quantities between them. This structure perfectly dampens sounds.
• The described insulation is chemically passive. Even if it is in close contact with the metal surface, no traces of corrosion will appear on it. Rotting and infection with fungi or mold is also not characteristic of stone wool. The material does not attract rodents and other pests.
• The only really negative point of its use is the rather high cost.

Characteristics of thermal insulation materials

Ecowool

Ecowool is an insulation made from waste paper and various residues from the manufacture of paper and cardboard. In addition to these components, a rather powerful fire retardant is also added to the antiseptic composition. It is extremely necessary, because judging by the fact that 80% of the material is flammable cellulose, the level of combustibility of such a thermal insulation product is quite high.

Ecowool is not without flaws.

• One of them is her natural decrease in volume. It is able to settle, losing up to 20% of the original bookmark level. To prevent this, ecowool is used in excess. The creation of a "reserve" will make up for the volume that decreases during operation.
• The insulation absorbs moisture quite well.. This directly affects the ability to retain heat. The material needs the ability to give off moisture in external environment, That's why thermal insulation layer must be ventilated.
• In order to carry out the installation, you will need special equipment. It is a device that pumps insulation with a uniform density, excluding its further shrinkage. In this regard, the help of hired specialists with experience in working with this particular type of insulation will be required. The wet application method, which involves such difficulties, also opens up the prospect of a break in construction work while the ecowool dries (from two to three days).

There is, of course, a dry insulation technique, but the above-described installation option still has a better result. If horizontal surfaces can be insulated without the use of special equipment, then creating a layer of thermal insulation on the walls will be difficult to do without. There is a risk of uneven shrinkage of the material and the creation of non-insulated cavities.

• Features of the material itself do not imply its independent (frameless) use when the insulation is carried out using a screed. Unlike expanded polystyrene boards, ecowool does not have sufficient strength for this.
• Great care must be taken during installation:
  • carry out work away from open fire;
  • avoid contact of the material with any source of heat that can lead to smoldering. That is, when insulating the surface next to the chimney or chimney, they will need to be separated from the insulation with basalt mats coated with foil or asbestos-cement barriers.

It would seem that against the background of such difficulties, one can immediately abandon the use of ecowool, but its positive aspects for someone can become a powerful incentive to use it.

• The material (even taking into account the allowance for shrinkage) is quite economical.
• Such a heater is environmentally friendly and safe for health. An exception may be the material where boric acid or ammonium sulfates were used as a fire retardant. In this case, ecowool will be distinguished by a sharp and unpleasant odor.
• It is a seamless insulation that does not have cold bridges. This means that heat loss in winter will be reduced to a minimum.
• The material is inexpensive, while allowing you to get good thermal insulation.

As a soundproofing material, ecowool can compete with many of the materials described above.

Polyurethane foam (PPU)

Polyester with the addition of water, emulsifiers and active reagents, when exposed to a catalyst, forms a substance with all the features and indicators of a good heat-insulating material.

Polyurethane foam has the following characteristics:

• low coefficient of thermal conductivity: 0.019 - 0.028 W / meter-kelvin;
• applied by spraying, creating a continuous coating without cold bridges;
• a light weight hardened foam does not exert pressure on the structure;
• ease of use without any fasteners makes it possible to insulate the surface with any configuration;
• long service life, including resistance to frost and heat, any precipitation, decay;
• human safety and environment;
• does not destroy metal structural elements, but on the contrary, creates anti-corrosion protection for them.

Walls, floors and ceilings - its application is available everywhere. PPU will adhere to glass, wood, concrete, brick, metal and even painted surfaces. The only thing worth protecting polyurethane foam from is exposure to direct rays of light.

Types of thermal insulation materials

Reflective thermal insulation materials

There is a group of heat-saving materials that work on the principle of reflectors. They function quite simply: first they absorb and then give back the received heat.

• The surface of such heaters is able to reflect more than 97% of the heat that has reached their surface. This is available with one or two layers of polished aluminium.
• It does not contain impurities, but is applied to a layer of polyethylene foam for ease of use.

• Thin-looking material is able to surprise with its capabilities. A one or two centimeter layer of reflective insulation creates an effect comparable to using a fibrous heat insulator from 10 to 27 cm thick. Among the most popular materials in this category are Ecofol, Penofol, Poriplex, Armofol.
• In addition to heat and sound insulation, such heaters create vapor barrier protection (and are often used as such).

The conclusion is quite simple: the ideal insulation does not exist. Depending on the means, the goals pursued and personal preferences (including ease of use), everyone will be able to choose the best material for themselves to create a warm and truly cozy home. But we must remember that when using each of the above insulation on the roof, mandatory waterproofing of the heat-insulating material is required.

The modern construction market offers a variety of beautiful, durable, environmentally friendly finishing materials. Nowadays, thanks to new technologies, it is possible to fulfill almost any fantasy in terms of repair or design work. But as for the economics of maintaining homeownership, it must also be carefully calculated.

Unfortunately, not every material, even the most beautiful or unusual, is able to retain heat well in the room. Therefore, often the issue of wall insulation at the time of repair has to be raised quite often. And without even planning repair work, warming is a hot topic for our country.

On the shelves of building hypermarkets are presented different kinds heaters. Puzzled by the choice of this material, for sure every unprepared buyer will be confused when he sees what a huge range of manufacturers offer us! Therefore, before going shopping, let's figure out what kind of insulation is needed in each case and how to choose it correctly.

Insulation will bring several important advantages not only to your budget, but also to the quality of your home - this is clear even without special calculations. Some homeowners find it convenient to lay insulation inside the premises, however, this is not very convenient: firstly, it reduces the living space, and secondly, it does not allow the heat inside the room to warm up the walls and thus maintains dampness inside the building.

Therefore, it is unambiguous that it is necessary to insulate the walls outside the house - it does not matter whether it is a separate household or an apartment. Properly selected and laid insulation allows the room to warm up evenly due to the free circulation of warm air. The outer layer of insulation retains heat and allows the walls to remain dry, which means it prevents their destruction.

As an additional bonus from the insulation, there is also soundproofing of the room, this is an important property, especially if the housing is located near a highway or a busy part of the city.

As for the aesthetics of wall decoration with insulation, modern finishing materials are perfectly suited for various design solutions.

What are wall insulation?

Conventionally, heaters can be divided into 2 types: organic and inorganic. What it is?

organic heaters

These are materials that are produced on the basis of raw materials from natural components. They do not contain synthetic ingredients. Cement and plastic are added to some organic materials.

Organic heaters are easy to use, because they do not get wet, are not prone to fire, are not susceptible to fungus, mold and any bacteria. Organics are convenient to use as internal insulation or in multilayer structures, in the form of a first, inner layer.

There are quite a few examples of heaters of organic origin:

1. Wood concrete insulation- made on the basis of cement, liquid glass and kaolin. Additionally, it contains heat-saving substances - straw, sawdust, shavings, etc.
2. Polyvinyl chloride foam insulation- based on polyvinyl chloride resins. The technology of its production is such that the resins acquire a porous structure, it can be hard or soft, and, accordingly, has a wide range of uses.
3. Chipboard. Insulation based on wood shavings, to which resins and antiseptics are added.
4. Polyurethane foam is a new generation heat insulator. It is made on the basis of polyester, by a complex chemical reaction. It has excellent insulating properties, is not afraid of moisture, pests and temperature extremes.
5. Penoizol, also called mipora. Material based on a natural emulsion of urea-formaldehyde resin. Mipora is a universal material; it is sold in dry form, in the form of blocks. If necessary, it can also be used in liquid form, poured into specially prepared containers, where it hardens over time.
6. Expanded polystyrene, or, more simply, polystyrene.
7. Foamed polyethylene. Obtained by adding special foaming additives to the liquid polyethylene mass. The result is a material with a large number of pores - which allows it to retain heat well and provide sound insulation.
8. Fiberboard. Completely organic material consisting of fine wood shavings. Cement or magnesite is used as a binder. Material holds up well wet conditions operation and can be used for warming saunas, swimming pools and similar premises.
9. Honeycomb. Unusual insulation modern type. Its porous structure consists of cells visually resembling a honeycomb - hence its name. It consists of cellulose or fabric fibers, wrapped in a film, the outer part of each panel is made of soft plastic.
10. . Produced from waste cardboard or book production. The basis for it is marriage or the second grade of cellulose cardboard or paper. Production from waste paper is also possible, however, the quality of ecowool in this case will be an order of magnitude lower.

Inorganic heaters

Made on the basis of mountain minerals, slag, asbestos or glass. These materials have been known to everyone for many years - glass wool, cellular concrete, foam glass and the like. They perfectly showed their performance properties, work at any temperature, suitable for any design.

Inorganic heaters are on sale in a variety of forms: wool, panels, slabs, rolls, and even loose. This is an additional plus, since it is possible to choose the most convenient way styling.

Varieties inorganic heat insulators also quite a few:

Probably the most common heater. It can be made from slag waste from steel production or from rocks. According to the type of raw materials from which it is made, mineral wool is divided into two types: stone and slag.

2. . The process of its production is almost identical to the production of glass, although often waste glass production is used to make glass wool. It differs from mineral wool in its structure and properties.

3. Ceramic wool. It is made on the basis of oxides of silicon, aluminum or zirconium. For production, high temperature conditions and a centrifuge are used. Ceramic wool is practically not subject to deformation, does not burn and has excellent heat and sound insulation properties.

Reflective heat insulators

As you know, classic heaters act directionally - they slow down the process of heat transfer. That is, from a heated room, whether it is a residential building or a public building, heat comes out. If research is done infrared radiation, then rays will be visible, especially strong radiation where building materials pass heat well through themselves. Therefore, trying to insulate the room, it is sheathed with various types of insulation that retains heat or prevents the free passage of infrared rays.

However, there is another approach to increasing the thermal insulation of buildings. This is the use of materials that reflect heat. The most popular of these is aluminium foil, its surface is capable of reflecting up to 97% of the heat that falls on it.

At the same time, aluminum foil is laid in one or two layers, which are subsequently covered with a layer of polyethylene - such a sheathing is very thin and practically does not take up space. And in terms of its thermal insulation, it can compete with the highest quality insulation that retains heat. In addition, it is also an excellent vapor barrier material, therefore, for buildings with high humidity - saunas, baths - such thermal insulation will be just a godsend. In other cases, it is best to consider it as an auxiliary material, for example, for finishing walls and ceilings indoors.

Choosing wall insulation

Among the huge range of heaters, it can be difficult to choose one. Consider the most common heat insulators:

For many years it has been used as a heater in various private and industrial facilities. It can be made on stone or basalt raw materials, which gives it fire resistance and fire safety. Modern mineral wool is made from volcanic minerals using special equipment, reaching high temperatures. It has a specific porous structure, which determines its main advantages:

1. Excellent room insulation. Due to the fibrous structure, mineral wool keeps the temperature inside the object well, in winter the house will remain warm, in summer it will be cool.
2. Soundproofing. Also, due to the random structure of cotton wool fibers, it is able to retain at least 50% of the sound vibrations passing through it.
3. wear resistance. Produced from volcanic rocks, mineral wool is not prone to destruction and is able to last long time without needing to be replaced.
4. tightness. Subject to the correct technology for laying mineral wool, this type of thermal insulation is able to maintain the tightness of the coating for many years.
5. Mineral wool is environmentally friendly for health.

Laying this type of insulation is not particularly difficult, but, as already mentioned, it is important to follow the correct sequence of operations:

1. Prepare the walls - clean from old finishes, dirt, putty cracks and chips.
2. Lay a vapor-permeable membrane - you need to do this directly on the wall, in one layer.
3. Install a frame of wooden planks or metal profiles.
4. Lay the mineral wool itself, it is usually sold in the form of layers of various sizes.
5. Close the layer of cotton wool with another layer of film.
6. facade cladding finishing material, usually in this case it will be correct to arrange a ventilated facade.
7. Installation of slopes, window sills - the old ones will have to be replaced, due to a significant increase in the thickness of the walls.

Styrofoam, or its more modern counterpart - polystyrene, is a very popular material for the exterior insulation of a building. This is a common type of organic insulation, ninety percent consisting of air, the remaining ten percent are substances produced from petroleum products. At its core, these are air bubbles of medium and small size, enclosed in a polystyrene shell.

1. Low cost. Sheathing a house with foam plastic is available to anyone.
2. Excellent heat retention inside the room.
3. He is not afraid of moisture, dampness and temperature fluctuations..
4. Good soundproofing material.
5. Suitable for various kinds of outdoor, it can be both plastered and sewn up with wall panels.

Insulation of facades with polystyrene foam or polystyrene panels is relevant in any region of the country, these materials do not cease to be actively in demand, even despite the existing disadvantages:

1. Styrofoam is very fond of small mammals. Rodents arrange their holes in it - it is easy and convenient for them. To avoid such incidents, the foam wall sheathing must be immediately sewn up with an upper, decorative layer. Moreover, this must be done qualitatively, without leaving gaps.
2. Styrene foam is not a combustible material however, when exposed to an open flame, it ignites. This minus does not have scale values, since this insulation is capable of self-extinguishing in the absence of strong gusts of wind.

The process of fixing the foam is not particularly complicated; you can insulate the house with it yourself, without involving specialists. The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Prepare the walls. Preparation includes standard cleaning of dust, dirt and old finishes. In the presence of large cracks or potholes, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate them.
2. Set start profile. In general, such a procedure is not necessary, but this measure will guarantee accurate alignment of the skin over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe facade. Starting from start profile, work will be much faster and easier.
3. Styrofoam sheets to be prepared as necessary: we are talking about dimensions, that is, if there are windows, doors, or other elements on the wall that are not planned to be insulated, then the foam must be cut out taking into account these objects. It is not difficult to cut it, using a construction or even the most ordinary knife of a suitable size.
4. Apply special glue to the foam. This can be done with a spatula, following a certain application scheme: it is important to coat well not only the corners and perimeter of each plate, but also the ends, which will later be joined to adjacent ends of the material.
5. Additionally, fix the foam panels with dowel fasteners. Recommended consumption of fasteners: at least five pieces per sheet.
6. Applying a reinforcing layer. This is usually a synthetic mesh, which is attached with adhesive or cement mortar right on the foam. Such a measure will strengthen the insulation layer and prevent it from settling or destruction.
7. Finishing work. Such a sheathing is most successfully suitable for plaster, followed by the application of textures - "bark beetle", "lamb", and other relief coatings will lie well on the foam insulation.

This material, a kind of plastic, is 90% of its structure in a gaseous state. The structure is porous, with pronounced cells. In modern industry, polyurethane foam is successfully used not only as a heater for facades, but also as a seat filler in sofas, armchairs and the like. Visually and tactilely, it looks like ordinary foam rubber.

This material is used as a heater, due to the following positive characteristics:

1. Good thermal insulation.
2. It also works as a noise absorber.
3. Unaffected by aggressive chemical substances.
4. Practically does not absorb moisture and does not become damp.
5. Environmentally friendly.
6. Long service life - up to thirty years.

What is bad about this material as a heater:

1. Due to its soft surface, polyurethane foam is not suitable for finishing. Can only be used under panels.
2. This insulation is flammable, and moreover, when ignited, it is able to release substances that are dangerous to human life.

For laying polyurethane foam on walls, the machine method of applying polyurethane foam is also used.

Penoplex

This material is also called extruded polystyrene. This type of insulation is relatively new, developed not so long ago, and therefore fully takes into account modern needs for thermal insulation of housing. Penoplex has a porous structure, which determines its main positive characteristics: high heat resistance, lightness, availability of subsequent processing.

It actually has a lot of advantages:

1. High thermal insulation performance. It has the highest thermal insulation characteristics of all popular materials,
2. Wear resistant. Withstands moderate loads
3. Durable. The service life of foam plastic insulation is forty years or more,
4. Does not attract rodents and other pests, not prone to the formation of fungus or mold,
5. Easy. This circumstance makes it possible to work with it on your own, without hiring professional builders, and also to perform installation work maybe even one person.

This type of polystyrene proved to be excellent both in use for private households and for the insulation of public buildings.

Of the shortcomings, you need to remember:

1. Flammability. Penoplex is not a refractory material and for fire-fighting purposes, it is necessary to apply protective measures.
2. Pretty high cost.

As for the price, given the characteristics of the material and its service life, its cost is fully recouped and justified.

Installation of foam plastic is identical to the installation of foam panels, it is also attached to special polymer adhesive compositions- note - they must be without acetone. But in addition to glue, of course, it is desirable to fix the insulation with anchor fasteners in order to avoid annoying troubles after a while.

Extruded polystyrene lends itself perfectly to decoration, it can be plastered, reliefs of various structures can be made.

Manufacturers

In connection with the ever-increasing demand for thermal insulation materials, along with the import of imported materials - European, less often American, production, domestic manufacturers began to unfold and develop. Today, both European and Russian brands are present on the shelves of construction hypermarkets. Here are the most popular ones:

Ursa is one of the leaders in this field of building materials. This is a subsidiary of the large Spanish concern Uralita. In fact, Ursa heaters are regularly supplied to both the Russian and European markets, where they are also very popular.

The thermal insulation of this brand is produced in different variations, but the most popular variety: slabs or insulation mats small size. It is convenient to use them for the device of ventilated facades of buildings, insulation of roofs, floors, partition walls. But it is also possible to insulate heating mains, high-rise buildings for private and industrial purposes.

• Armacell

Well-known manufacturer of insulation materials from Germany. Heaters of this brand are known for the fact that they are produced by foaming synthetic raw materials based on rubber. This method is patented by Armacell and any other materials of a similar design are analogues or replicas of this type of insulation. The modern Russian market of heaters has several standard views heaters Armacell. They are, in particular, convenient to use for heating systems, refrigerators, ventilation shafts, as well as standard systems heating with not too high heating temperatures.

• Partex

Known in the world construction markets, the Finnish company, whose production facilities are located in the cities of Poland, Lithuania and Finland. On Russian market this brand is presented under the Paros brand - on its basis the widest range of stone wool insulation is presented. This heat insulator is available in the form of plates, mats and rolls of soft and rigid construction. This insulation is popular among private buyers, it is convenient to sheathe detached households and multi-storey residential buildings. Properties of Paros heat insulators: high vapor permeability, excellent thermal insulation properties, durability and lack of deformation, make this material convenient and versatile for use in civil engineering.

• Isover

A well-known Finnish brand, in fact, is subsidiary large French company. Their insulation is made on the basis of fiberglass and is widely distributed both in Europe and in Russia and has remained popular for many years.

• Rolls Isomarket

One of the largest domestic companies for the production of heaters. Founded in 1994, since then it has been actively developing and mastering new technologies. Under the brand name Energoflex, this manufacturer offers a wide range of different heaters based on polyethylene foam on the Russian market.

• CJSC "Chemical Plant"

Located in the Sverdlovsk region, also a large Russian manufacturer. The trade brand Extrapen, produced by this plant from expanded polystyrene raw materials, confidently occupies its niche in a number of thermal insulation materials presented on the Russian construction market.

Video the better to insulate the walls

Wall insulation is an important step, it should not be missed or produced poorly. From properly insulated walls, the benefit is obvious: you protect inner part at home from condensation and freezing, keep the heat indoors, significantly saving energy resources. At present, insulation is not excessive foresight, but right choice for any house, no matter what it is built from and how well it is heated.

Modern building materials allow you to choose a heater for any finish, securely hide it, leaving the facade of the building outwardly attractive. It is also important that it is not difficult to follow the correct technology for laying heaters, even doing it yourself. Thus, you can significantly save on construction work without involving professionals for sheathing.

Insulators serve for a long time without needing to be replaced, once you forget about heat loss for many years to come. Take care of your home with good thermal insulation!

Nowadays, choosing the right insulation for your home is a rather difficult task. There are a huge number of types of heaters. But all this diversity faces one task - to provide winter time maximum saving heat indoors, and in summer, on the contrary, to prevent the penetration of warm air from the street as much as possible.

Variety of heaters

The insulation must ensure the constancy of the microclimate inside the room at any time of the year. It must be said right away that in nature there is not yet a single ideal insulation that would be suitable for both external and internal insulation, was effective in any climate and cost mere pennies.

Each heater has its pros and cons. Therefore, the choice of a particular type is always determined by a number of initial conditions. And almost the most important condition in this case are the financial possibilities specific person. Someone can afford expensive cork panels or polyurethane foam coating, while someone is forced to be content with free sawdust from the nearest sawmill. The reality is that, despite the abundance of modern insulation materials, sometimes old, time-tested methods of insulation work no worse, and in some cases much more efficiently than their modern expensive counterparts.

physical characteristics

All heaters have certain physical properties, by which it is possible to determine in advance how effective this or that type is and how much its use is justified under given conditions. Knowing these indicators greatly simplifies the task of choosing a specific material from the variety that modern retail offers. It is important to know what properties heaters have, namely:

Classification of heat insulators

There are a lot of classifications depending on which particular property in this case is the main one when choosing one or another heat insulator. For example, they can be classified according to their density, thermal conductivity, material of manufacture, application method, heat saving method, flammability, etc.

The classification according to the heat saving mechanism is the most comprehensive, as it covers almost all types of heat insulators. Effective heat saving is carried out through the use of a heat insulator with low thermal conductivity or due to a thermal insulator capable of reflecting infrared radiation back into the room.

• Thermal insulators of the preventing type of organic or inorganic origin.
• Reflective thermal insulators.

organic heaters

• chemical inertness.
• Environmental Safety.
• Good fire resistance.
• Relative cheapness.
• Good mechanical strength.
• High moisture resistance.

Often they are used as intermediate layers in multilayer structures, for example, in sandwich panels. The main representatives of these heaters are:

Arbolit or wood concrete

The basis is wood chips, a cement mixture and special additives are used as a binder, which neutralize the sugars in the wood and thereby make the composition more durable. This type of insulation can be used not only as a heat insulator, but also, given its good strength characteristics, can be used as an independent structural material with very good thermal insulation properties.

This type of heat insulator is environmentally friendly, as it does not contain potentially harmful substances.

Expanded polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Heat-insulating foam obtained by porousization of polyvinyl chloride resins. It has low flammability. Belongs to the group of slow-burning and hardly flammable materials. Environmentally very controversial material, since the combined chlorine in its composition can be released in the form of hydrogen chloride if corrosion occurs metal surfaces that are in contact with this heat insulator.

Chipboards (chipboard)

95% consist of wood chips, the remaining 5% percent are adhesive resins and water repellents. For greater resistance to environmental influences, chipboard boards are treated with antiseptics. Thermal conductivity is slightly lower than that of wood concrete. One variety is fibreboard (MDF), which is less durable than chipboard.

polyurethane foam

This environmentally friendly thermal insulator is the reaction product of two extremely toxic substances: a diisocyanate and a polyol. A feature of this insulation is that it is prepared directly at the construction site and immediately applied to the surface to be treated. The material is environmentally absolutely safe and, given the method of application by spraying, is able to penetrate into all hard-to-reach places.

In the West, this highly efficient insulation has been successfully used for several decades. It has just appeared on the market in our country and is not yet known to everyone. Of the negative qualities, perhaps, only one can be distinguished: its high price.

Fiberboard

According to its characteristics, it is very similar to wood concrete, since the heat-insulating basis of this insulation is the so-called wood wool, which is narrow strips of wood shavings. Cement is used as a binder. Special additives from liquid glass and calcium chloride make it unable to burn with an open flame. Depending on the brand of cement, fibrolite is divided into heat-insulating (F-300) and heat-insulating-constructive (F-500).

The second name is ecowool. 80% consists of shredded newsprint, 20% - non-volatile flame extinguishing agents. As the latter, boric acid and borax are used. Thanks to these additives, the insulation can withstand open fire well. It has very good thermal insulation properties. The main disadvantage is that after several years of operation, ecowool becomes caked, loses up to 20% of its volume and partially loses its heat-saving properties.

Cork heat insulator

It is used mainly in the form of cork panels for internal insulation of floors and walls. The cork oak bark serves as a heat-insulating base. The same bark contains natural glue suberin, which eliminates the use of artificial adhesives. From the point of view of ecology, it is the safest insulation, resistant to decay, not eaten by insects. The best insulation for floors and walls. The only downside is the high price.

Inorganic heaters

Various mineral components are used as a heat insulator. For example, glass, slag, rocks, asbestos, etc. After special processing, these components acquire pronounced heat-saving properties. The main properties of such heaters are:

• High fire resistance.
• Environmental Safety.
• Long service life without loss of thermal insulation properties.
• chemical inertness.

Mineral wool

In addition to excellent thermal insulation properties, it has a pronounced resistance to high temperatures and chemicals. There are three varieties depending on the initial products of production:

• Glass wool.
• Slag.
• Stone wool.
• Basalt wool.

Glass wool is a material consisting of fibers 15–50 mm long and 5–20 microns wide. For the production of fibers, waste from the glass industry is used.

In other words, in the case of glass wool, we are dealing with glass needles of microscopic thickness. This causes one of the most unpleasant properties this material: in case of contact with the body, persistent skin itching occurs, contact with the eyes threatens serious problems with vision, and getting into the lungs causes inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. At the same time, glass wool has very good thermal insulation properties, is chemically absolutely inert, and has high strength characteristics.

Slag wool is produced from blast-furnace slag. It has fibers of medium size: length 10-16 mm, width 4-12 microns. Like glass wool, it is quite scratchy and irritating to the skin. It has a very high hygroscopicity, absorbs water well, which makes it unsuitable for external insulation. In addition, in a room with high humidity, it can exhibit increased corrosion aggression in relation to metals due to the residual slag acids contained.

Stone wool is obtained from rocks by heating the latter to 1500 degrees and subsequent stretching in the form of thin fibers. In terms of its heat-saving properties, it is approximately the same as the other two, but, unlike glass wool or slag wool, it has one significant advantage: stone wool fibers do not splinter, so it is much safer to work with it.

Basalt wool does not contain any other components in its composition, except for basalt. This makes it the most environmentally friendly of all four types of mineral wool.

reflective type

Relatively new reflex heat insulators of a fundamentally different type of action. The basis is the ability of these materials to slow down thermal convection. The absorbed heat is then re-radiated into the surrounding space with the help of infrared radiation. Reflective heat insulators are capable of retaining up to 97% of thermal energy due to their reflective surface. To heat insulators of this type include the following:

• Penofol.
• Armophon.
• Porilex.
• Ecofol.

This is very effective heaters, for example, penofol 4 mm thick corresponds in terms of heat-saving properties to mineral wool 10 cm thick. The types of insulation for walls are primarily determined by this list, since reflective heat insulators are most effective for interior decoration walls and ceilings.