Wooden floor in the apartment: do-it-yourself repair. Choosing flooring for the kitchen: a comparison of options
Instruction
Choose your floor covering based on the target factor, i.e. purpose of the room. Agree that for the kitchen and bedroom, you most likely will not buy the same material. You can opt for a universal coating that can meet the requirements for all rooms with characteristics.
Consider statistics when choosing flooring. A common practice is that parquet or laminate flooring is most often chosen for living rooms, linoleum for the hallway, and porcelain stoneware or tiles for the kitchen and bathroom. But the choice is far from limited to these materials. Yes, and standard coatings differ within each type in terms of quality positions.
Choose parquet for living rooms: living room, nursery, bedroom, office. But it is not recommended to lay it on the kitchen faucet because of the wood's dislike for moisture. Parquet is one of the most elite, expensive and durable floor coverings. It is environmentally friendly, has high strength and good thermal insulation properties. The service life is more than 50 years. The parquet board is made from expensive wood species - oak, ash, beech. Having decided to give preference to parquet, keep in mind that this coating needs special care and is afraid of moisture. It also requires an ideal "rough" floor. The cost of parquet varies from 15 to 150 dollars per sq.m.
Think carefully before choosing a cork. This material is less popular than parquet. It is unique in design and is not suitable for all rooms. Its most valuable quality is high heat and sound insulation. Therefore, it is best to lay it in the living room and bedroom. Available in the form of rectangular or square plates. Such a coating will serve you from 5 to 20 years. It should be borne in mind that the cork has a low resistance to mechanical damage. Therefore, if a neat appearance of the floor is important to you, do not lay this expensive material in the nursery. After all, its price ranges from 20 to 70 dollars per sq.m.
If you are planning to make high-quality repairs in the middle price range, choose laminate. In recent decades, it has become just a bestseller on construction market. Low price (it ranges from 4 to 60 dollars per sq.m.), good performance, ease of installation and the most varied design made it truly popular. The composition of the laminate resembles a multilayer cake pressed under high temperatures. Material high class resistant to moisture and mechanical stress, any kind can withstand UV rays. A low class will serve you for about 5 years, a high one - 20 years or more. Thanks to the special substrate on which the coating is laid, it has excellent shock-absorbing, heat-insulating and sound-proofing properties. Great for any living room in the apartment.
When choosing flooring for the hallway, kitchen and bathroom, first of all, consider wear-resistant, moisture-resistant qualities, ease of maintenance and immunity to stains and dirt. The best are linoleum for the hallway and porcelain stoneware for the kitchen and bathroom. Recently, the self-leveling floor, which was previously used in industrial premises and enterprises, has gained great popularity. But new aesthetic qualities have allowed it to become an excellent flooring for living spaces.
Let's remember the most popular floor coverings and think about which one is more suitable for the kitchen.
1. Linoleum
Linoleum is often used for the kitchen, as it fits into even the most modest budget, while being quite moisture and wear resistant. It should also be noted a wide variety of colors of linoleum, among which it is easy to choose the right one for almost every taste.
It should also be noted such an important advantage of linoleum as ease of cleaning, which is important for this room.
The wooden floor is a real classic. However, the wooden floor in the kitchen must be varnished, painted or otherwise protected. Otherwise, the floor will quickly lose its appearance due to the high hygroscopicity of most types of wood. WITH wooden surface it will also be difficult to remove stains from coffee, wine, etc.
3 Laminate
Laminate is often referred to as a budget alternative. wooden floor. For the kitchen, you can choose a laminate with increased resistance to moisture.
This flooring is good choice for kitchen and bathroom. The tiled floor is easy to clean, and the variety of ceramic tile designs from modern manufacturers is simply amazing. True, if your house has cold floors, you should order the installation of a warm floor under the tiled floor.
5. Porcelain stoneware
Another material is perfect for finishing the floor in the kitchen. Porcelain stoneware withstands temperature changes well, does not absorb moisture.
Natural cork is a very comfortable material. It is not electrified, pleasant to the touch, looks great, easy to install. However, for the kitchen you need to choose cork treated with a special varnish.
The basic interior issues include the decision on how to make the floors in the apartment, which determines general style each of the rooms.
Not only the artistic part is important, but also resistance to wear, ease of cleaning, environmental component and just a feeling of comfort underfoot.
The desired effect will be achieved by choosing a material that is appropriate in its characteristics and observing the technology of its installation.
Main elements of the device
Repair the concrete base before finishing the floor Regardless of the decision on how to cover the floor in the apartment, whether new floors are being laid or the floor is being replaced in the apartment with one's own hands, work starts from the concrete base.
The slab may already have a high-quality screed, otherwise you will have to do it - concrete large drops and fill it with a self-leveling compound. The horizontal plane will give sure support to all sections and layers of future beautiful floors.
If the floors are not insulated, it is necessary to lay insulation The structure of the floor for the apartment is a sequential alternation of the following levels:
- concrete floor slab;
- waterproofing (for bathroom, kitchen, toilet);
- thermal insulation (simultaneously performing the task of sound insulation);
- flooring (includes additional technological accessories - plinth, ventilation grates for a wooden floor on logs).
It is necessary to determine which floor in the room is better to make (PVC tiles or parquet) for each room separately, depending on its purpose. A children's room, a bedroom, a corner for sports activities differ in terms of loads and intensity of impact on the entire structure to the very foundation.
Protective level
A crucial step in the work is to calculate what to put on the screed under the selected floor, which material is better to use as a heater.
Each type has certain characteristics, including the minimum thickness at which they appear in standard values and determine which floors are best done in an apartment.
Consider the brand and type of insulation under various options floor finishes are needed according to the following characteristics:
- thermal conductivity (an important indicator for the first floors, cottages with non-residential basement levels with low air temperature);
- recommended thickness;
- noise absorption;
- water absorption coefficient, vapor permeability;
- fire resistance;
- weight, ability to withstand load (density);
- application technology, consumption per 1 m², amount of waste;
- health safety.
The difference in floor levels between rooms is not desirable (not safe), with the exception of sanitary and hygienic premises, in which it is provided for by building codes in case of accidents with water spills.
Material
Foamed polyethylene combine with other materials Before you make the floor in the apartment with your own hands, you need to calculate the expected effect in comparison with the budget and the availability of the harvesting of the selected material under different kinds finishes:
In rooms where it is planned to lay ceramic tiles, it is advisable to use the "warm floor" technology.
Surface layer
In all the variety of coatings, you need to figure out which floors are best made for each specific situation (concrete floor or parquet).
So, what to use to cover the floor, which room the material will correspond to, is chosen from the following main positions:
- wooden board;
- parquet;
- ceramic or polymer tiles;
- laminate;
- linoleum;
- carpet;
- cork sheet.
A visual comparison in terms of performance can be seen from the table:
The flooring materials shown may cover a concrete, wood base lined with plywood sheets or moisture resistant drywall. Manufacturers produce products for finishing the floor in an apartment, having a variety of color solutions, texture, patterns and whole compositions, panels.
Linoleum
A modern manufacturer offers a wide selection of colors and properties of this finishing material. It is one of the most popular coatings today. Easy to fit, waterproof, enough affordable price, the range has a wide variety in color and pattern. It can be insulated with fibrous underlays, made on a foamed bottom layer, to be immediately laid on the concrete floor in the apartment.
The material is quite soft, subject to residual deformation from heavy objects, and needs to be treated with care. Of all the options with which you can cover the finished base, the fastest.
Linoleum is made using a natural or polymer base. According to its purpose, it is divided into 2 types: commercial (heavy loads in office, industrial buildings) and household (non-commercial).
In comparison, which flooring to choose, the first type wins in terms of wear resistance, but you should pay attention to the fact that it was not originally designed for small rooms and poor ventilation.
The commercial type has a higher content of harmful components, so it is not recommended to use it in residential premises.
Laminate flooring
Laminate boards imitate any textures and colors Natural wood has been replaced by floor finishing with multi-layer types of artificial boards with increased performance. The invoice and drawing successfully imitate a parquet, a stone, valuable breeds of wood and many other things.
At the same time, laminate is much more affordable and easier to install than parquet. Standard size is 0.25 × 1.5 m;
For rooms for various purposes when asked which floor to choose, use the material of the appropriate strength class (marked double digit starting with 2 for domestic use or 3 for commercial use).
carpet
It is a common decision when choosing which floor is best done in a recreation area, a children's (play) room. The cloth is made of synthetic, natural threads.
The pile can be long or absent, like a carpet. The basis is rubber, felt or jute.
The carpet structure can be wrinkled under load, clogged with dirt, absorb liquids. Carpeting requires careful handling, careful maintenance, and cleaning. Therefore, you should not start them in the hallway, use them in the kitchen, but rather lay them in the living room or bedroom.
Cork
Available in 2 types: decorative and technical (for the substrate). It is available in rolls and slabs. About the pros and cons of cork flooring, see this video:
Cork has a full set of desired qualities in all respects, except for the price. The material is environmentally friendly, has excellent thermal resistance, low sound conductivity, mechanical strength at small thickness.
The roll is unfolded, cut to size, laid on a base prepared with an adhesive. The plate is laid end to end. When laying directly on a concrete floor, a softening substrate is needed so as not to push through small particles.
How to choose the right flooring for your home or apartment? Which floor is better for living and comfort? How to create a cozy and warm environment with the help of the floor? Advantages and disadvantages of floors various materials? We will tell you about this and much more.
The floor is a support, which, being always underfoot, must be strong, reliable, warm and pleasant to the touch. From the appearance, the sensations that we have when we touch the flooring, our perception of space, as well as our mood, often depend. Some formality and solemnity are associated with a smooth parquet, so it is pleasant to walk on it, listening to the steps.
Carpeting, on which you want to walk barefoot, is associated with coziness and comfort. These considerations lead us to the fact that the flooring cannot be the same in all rooms, that in each of them it must create or maintain a special atmosphere that is needed in this particular room.
Equally important is the fact that the flooring should not come into conflict with decorative solution other surfaces (walls, ceiling), but, on the contrary, should be in harmony with the style and mood of the room. Like materials for walls and ceilings, floor coverings have color, texture, texture, have a set of properties that together determine our choice in favor of a particular coating, and each of them can be optimal in a particular case and completely inappropriate. in a different.
The color scheme of the floor requires a separate discussion. Light colors are the most acceptable, as a dark floor will visually make your room look lower.
So what determines our choice? The functionality of the material, decorativeness and, of course, the cost. For example, carpet covering with a long pile is quite decorative, pleasant to the touch, beautiful, but from the point of view of expediency, it is unlikely to suit you, as it will quickly lose its attractiveness and wipe itself off in those places where your household members often move. It is categorically not suitable for the hall and kitchen (it will be difficult to keep it clean).
The functionality of ceramic tiles installed in the kitchen, hallway or bathroom is beyond doubt, as they are resistant to abrasion and easy to care for. By equipping the floor with underfloor heating, you can make it warm and pleasant. Marble, porcelain stoneware and other similar materials can only be laid after a quality screed, in addition, the floor must be further strengthened, especially if we are not talking about the first floor. These problems can make you refuse such material, despite all its obvious advantages.
Each of us has our own idea of the perfect flooring. It should be practical, resistant to abrasion, easy to care for, easy to use, visually attractive.
When choosing flooring, consider whether it will be possible to change the style of the interior in the future without replacing this material. If in doubt, it is better to purchase the usual material, settling on a neutral color. Otherwise, you will have to change not only the flooring, but also the upholstery of furniture, curtains, etc. A neutral finish does not necessarily mean something gray and featureless, but it will allow you to change the style of the interior repeatedly.
Another important point: determine whether the same coating will be laid throughout the apartment or whether you intend to purchase different material. If you chose the second option, consider the compatibility of its color, texture, as well as ways to design joints. For example, if you intend to re-plan the apartment and combine the kitchen with the dining room, then the space of both can be zoned as follows: lay ceramic tiles in the kitchen area, and a plank floor in the dining room.
And do not forget about the nuance: floor coverings similar in texture and color unite the space and, “flowing” from one room to another, visually increase it. Since the range that the market offers is quite wide, let's try to navigate this variety and consider some materials in terms of functionality and design.
Ceramic floor tiles, advantages and disadvantages
Ceramic tile is a durable material, when damaged it can be replaced by individual fragments, easy to clean, but hard, does not absorb sounds and is cold. When choosing it for the kitchen and bathroom, remember that this material is quite fragile (after all, various objects often fall on the floor in the kitchen) and slippery when water gets on it.
The popularity of ceramic tiles has increased in recent years, as it became possible to arrange underfloor heating. As a result, its comfort has increased.
It must be said that quality material quite expensive and, if you do not own the craft of styling, will cost a lot. Perhaps the spectacular mosaic covering the hall or kitchen to some extent compensates for the cost. Although it should be warned that electric heating will require a lot of energy, and with a water heating device, the floor level will increase by 3-4 cm.
Now the so-called combined floor in the kitchen is fashionable, which involves laying tiles only around work areas (sinks, stoves, etc.), which is especially convenient if such an area is located along one wall.
Natural stone, advantages and disadvantages
Natural stone flooring. When choosing this material, expert advice will be required. Because the stone covering heavy, it is necessary to calculate the bearing capacity concrete screed. You may be offered granite, marble, etc. The stone floor looks beautiful, especially if large slabs or blocks are used, it is easy to maintain, resistant to abrasion, but expensive (by the way, tiles or blocks of marble chips will cost much less), except In addition, marble brings a touch of officialdom into the room.
Vinyl floors, advantages and disadvantages
Vinyl flooring is a good residential material that is sold in rolls, comes in a variety of colors, requires little maintenance, and is moisture resistant. A sufficiently thick coating has good soundproofing characteristics, it is elastic, durable, although it is superior in cost to linoleum.
Linoleum as a floor covering, advantages and disadvantages
Linoleum is a material made from resins with the addition of linseed oil, cork, flour, wood, with a base of burlap, jute, felt or non-woven fabric, environmentally friendly, does not abrade, does not accumulate static electricity, fire-resistant, flammable, not afraid of means household chemicals, diverse in shape (it can be sheet, tiled), color and pattern. Thanks to the use of such a floor covering, you can create a beautiful and even refined interior. Since linoleum is versatile, it is suitable for any room.
With the help of linoleum, you can improve the appearance of some rooms, for example, cover the floor in the corridor with multi-colored linoleum or fold a geometric pattern from synthetic tiles, resulting in a narrow long corridor will look more proportionate.
Cork floor, advantages and disadvantages
Cork is a floor covering in the form of tiles of different thicknesses (the thicker, the higher the soundproofing properties). Untreated cork tiles are practical in the bathroom. In other rooms it must be covered special composition to protect against stains and damage.
Sisal floors, advantages and disadvantages
Sisal is a material that is produced on a latex basis. It is characterized by such qualities as strength, practicality, has a light natural shade. Maintenance consists of vacuum cleaning. But such a coating is afraid of moisture.
Wooden floor, advantages and disadvantages
Floorboard is one of the most expensive flooring, but it is eco-friendly, beautiful and durable. Oak is best suited for a living room or hallway, that is, for those rooms where the load on the floor is large enough. Soft breeds (pine, linden, cherry) are more prone to decay, have lower water-repellent properties, so this floor is rational for a bedroom. Lacquer is applied as a protective layer, since it is not fashionable to paint the floor now. A wooden plank floor is especially good if varnished, close in color to natural wood, i.e. ocher yellow, gray brown, etc.
Parquet, advantages and disadvantages
Parquet as a flooring superior in quality to all others. We can say about it that it is environmentally friendly, practical, beautiful. It is most often made from oak. The disadvantages include the fact that when waterlogged, it can swell, and if the air is too dry, it can dry out and warp. To increase wear resistance, parquet is varnished, rubbed with mastics.
The parquet floor goes well with any room decoration, in addition, it provides great decorative possibilities. Parquet can have a complex pattern, be mosaic or ornamental, it is laid out from several types of wood. It can even become not just an equal component of the interior, but also its dominant.
It is also important that parquet is not a cheap pleasure, besides, it takes time to lay it. But an apartment with a parquet floor will exceed all your expectations.
Laminate floors, advantages and disadvantages
Laminate is a very fashionable two-layer floor covering. The bottom layer is fiberboard, the top layer is plastic, which makes it resistant to damage and abrasion. The top layer is not afraid of water, which cannot be said about the joints. But more expensive material overcome this shortcoming.
Since formaldehyde resins are used in the manufacture of the top layer, the laminate can emit phenols and formaldehyde. Therefore, such a floor covering for the bedroom is not suitable.
Carpeting, advantages and disadvantages
Carpet is suitable material for those who want to make their home especially comfortable. Such a coating retains its appearance for a long time, it is easy to care for it. The most wear-resistant are carpets made of synthetic fibers (acrylic, nylon, polypropylene, polyester). The natural materials from which the carpet is made include cotton (silky, resistant to abrasion, but wrinkled without a strong base), linen (has an original texture, looks great, but expensive), wool (durable, has good heat and sound insulation properties ).
According to the length of the pile, carpets are divided into low- and long-pile, according to the shape of the pile - into coverings with sheared pile, looped and twisted. Long pile (terry) coverings are suitable only for the bedroom, as they get dirty faster than others. Traces of furniture on them are also more visible.
Suitable for living room and nursery Velor coating, durable enough and easy to care for.
For hallway and kitchen you should purchase a looped or combined coating with a low dense pile. Dirt and dust practically do not penetrate into such a coating.
The variety of textures and colors makes carpets not only practical, but also beautiful.
Please note that some varieties of modern carpets have qualities that not only prolong their life, but also make them easier to care for. They are impregnated with a dirt-repellent composition, made from materials that do not accumulate static electricity, do not fade, non-combustible. Regarding the cost of carpeting, it must be said that the price for it is the higher, the more it contains natural fibers.
❧ Useful opinion
When choosing flooring, do not forget that the larger your apartment, the more expensive it will cost you. Since you won't be changing it for at least a few years, consider its functionality and stylistic change ahead of time.
In most cases, a modern apartment is a concrete box, subject to rough and fine finishing. In the case of the floor, the homeowner needs to solve several fundamentally important issues - which rough design to choose, how to insulate and soundproof it, and also which topcoat to use in each of the rooms. Floors in the apartment - what to make them so that they are not only aesthetically attractive, but also safe, durable and practical. About this today's material.
Most decorative flooring requires a level, solid base. Sometimes the quality of the floor slab allows you to finish without pre-training, but more often it is required to level the base, its insulation and sound insulation. The type of floor construction ensures its reliability, practicality and durability. Therefore, it often consists of an intermediate (rough) floor mounted on a floor slab and a finishing floor (decorative), which must also have characteristics and properties corresponding to the purpose of the room.
A rough screed does not require special qualifications of the builder, but, nevertheless, it involves a large number of works associated with its creation. You will find device features and a calculator for calculating the amount of ingredients for a floor screed solution
Previously, it was practiced to lay the finishing material directly on the floor slab, but it soon became clear that the decorative material in the form of linoleum, carpet or parquet does not provide the required level of heat and sound insulation, and hence the proper degree of comfort and safety for human health. In addition, the absence of a rough leveling structure affects the evenness of the coating and reduces its service life.
Now the design of the floor in a modern apartment is a complex multilayer technological system in which each layer is thought out and technologically justified - hydro, sound, heat and vapor barrier.
Fundamentally, two types of black floor are distinguished - in the form of a screed and a structure with lags. Each variety has its own characteristics and advantages.
Varieties of screeds
In addition to the fact that the screed is designed to level the base for the finishing material, it affects the following factors:
- Makes the base more rigid.
- Forms a heat and waterproofing layer.
- Allows you to create a slope for water drainage in rooms where it is needed.
- Allows you to lay engineering communications and electrical networks in the floor structure.
When installing a floor in an apartment, one of three types of screeds are used:
- Wet.
- Dry.
- Semi-dry.
Each of these varieties has its own characteristics, technology, advantages and disadvantages.
Wet screed
This traditional method screed device, a significant drawback of which is the presence of water in the composition of the solution in large quantities. Before pouring it, it is imperative to provide a high-quality waterproofing layer of the base (floor slab), otherwise moisture will seep through it. To create a waterproofing layer, coating compositions are used that make it possible to obtain a monolithic, seamless coating or ordinary dense polyethylene, which is overlapped at least 15 cm and carefully glued with a waterproof tape.
Important! Waterproofing is brought to the walls to the height of the screed.
A variety of this type of screed is one of the cheapest options. You can fill it yourself. And the issue of providing thermal insulation can be solved by laying foam in two layers with an offset. This will lead to an increase in the cost of the floor structure, but it will become much warmer.
To create a solution, cement of a grade not lower than M400 is used, which is mixed with sand and water. In order for the components to form a stronger bond and the screed to be strong and dense, add. As part of the screed, this substance affects the following points:
- Increases the mobility of the solution.
- Increases mortar strength by 50%.
- Increases the adhesion of mortar to reinforcement by 1.5 times.
- Reduces cement consumption by -20%.
- Reduces the amount of water in the solution.
The strength of the screed is also ensured by its thickness, which should not be less than 2 cm. This type of base is suitable for any finishing coatings, as well as for laying the "warm floor" system. Of the shortcomings of a wet screed, the following are noted:
- The work is classified as labor intensive.
- The process is associated with wet, "dirty" work.
- To get an even layer, you need to have the skill of working with beacons, to know how to install them correctly.
- Drying of the screed requires long time(at least 3 weeks).
- The screed during the hardening process requires special care - wetting, in order to avoid the formation of cracks on its surface.
Semi-dry screed
This variety is great alternative wet screed. This method is also quite inexpensive and is distinguished by the use of a small amount of water. As a result, a certain mass is obtained, which in the circle of professional builders is called “carving”, which is sand mixed dry with cement and a minimum amount of water that barely moistens the mixture. The device of a waterproofing layer when laying such a composition on a floor slab, in fact, is only a convention.
The advantages of this type of screed include the following:
- It can be used both in new and old apartments, in private houses and cottages.
- The presence of a small amount of water allows the use of this type of screed, regardless of the height of the floor where the apartment is located - moisture does not penetrate into the lower apartment even without a waterproofing layer.
- The ability to create a perfectly even base without air bubbles, which are removed during the tamping process of the semi-dry mixture.
- Low probability of crack formation. If fiber is added to the composition, then the screed will acquire additional strength and will definitely not crack.
- Formation of an excellent soundproof barrier between apartments.
- The ability to make even the floor on an unheated loggia warmer.
- It can be used in the "warm floor" system with water or electric coolant.
- Reliably protects internal communications from mechanical impact.
- Due to the low moisture content, the screed dries quickly, which allows you to generally speed up the repair process.
- Availability and low cost of components.
Of the minuses of this semi-dry screed, the following are noted:
- Without a certain work experience, it is difficult to add the optimal amount of water to the screed composition.
- The low fluidity of the solution causes difficulties in laying the screed and forming a flat surface.
- A high-quality coating is obtained using special tools for tamping.
- The height of the screed should not be less than 4 cm.
- When forming a high screed, a reinforcing mesh must be used.
Dry screed
For an apartment located in high-rise building, a screed made using this technology is an ideal option. This method can be called a screed, rather, it is a multilayer flooring that does not use water.
To form an even horizontal plane, as well as in the manufacture of other types of screeds, guide beacons are used. liquid solution at the same time, it was replaced by dry granular heat-insulating backfill, which is also distributed by the rule. After that, to form a rigid base, two layers of gypsum fiber boards are laid. Such a screed is strong and reliable.
The advantages of a dry screed device include the following:
- A significant reduction in the time of work - you can keep within one working day.
- It is possible to qualitatively level differences of any height.
- Laying the finish coating can be carried out immediately after the installation of the screed.
- Dry backfill provides high-quality heat and sound insulation of the room.
- "Clean" work process.
- The low weight of the floor structure allows the use of this screed in rooms with weak ceilings, for example, in wooden houses or on balconies.
- The dismantling of the structure is carried out quickly, which is especially important when laying communications and engineering networks inside the floor.
Lag floor construction
This technology for creating a rough base is also traditional and has been used for a long time. It is endowed with special advantages that make this method of arranging a rough foundation the most optimal for apartments:
- When constructing such a floor, there are no “wet” processes.
- The construction material is environmentally friendly and safe.
- The installation process does not require special skills and tools.
Similar designs differ in the way the lag is laid and the type of flooring material. The lags can be simple and adjustable. They differ in the way they rest on the base. In the first case, bars or chocks are used to install the log, which must be selected in height so that all logs laid in increments of at least 50 cm are located in a single horizontal plane.
modern and convenient way flooring by joists is a method using adjustable supports in the form of studs and nuts. By rotating the latter, the required height of each beam is set. This technology is convenient and allows you to quickly mount the logs, but it costs more than the first option.
As a flooring material for the rough base, you can use:
- Boards. Moreover, such flooring can be both rough and finish, if you use a top-class grooved board.
- Plywood. Sheets are laid in two layers with spaced seams. It is smooth and durable, but quite expensive material.
- OSB boards, fit like plywood, but are cheaper.
- Chipboard. Most a budget option for flooring. In terms of characteristics, it is inferior to the above options.
What should be the floor in rooms for different purposes
The finishing coating material is selected depending on the purpose of the room, where different requirements are imposed on it regarding the appearance and performance.
Floor in the bedroom
The bedroom is the quietest place in the apartment. Here a person should be able to fully relax after a working day, relax, sleep. The interior of the bedroom is usually decorated in soothing colors using environmentally friendly and, preferably, natural materials.
The flooring in the bedroom must meet the following requirements:
- The surface should be pleasant to the touch, as often in the bedroom you have to walk barefoot, going to bed or getting up early in the morning. Natural coatings have a more suitable surface - board, parquet, cork and soft carpet.
- The coating must absorb noise when walking on it, especially if it is a spouse's room - excess noise can interfere with the rest of the second person. For the same reason, the coating should not creak. Cork and carpet meet this requirement to a greater extent.
- Particular attention is paid to the aesthetics of the coating. It should match the style and color scheme of the room, take into account the level of illumination in it, contribute to the creation of a cozy, warm atmosphere.
- An optimal microclimate should be created in the sleeping room, so preference should be given to natural, “live” finishing materials. In the case of the floor - natural wood and products made from it.
- The floor surface must be antistatic - this quality will provide clean air and a minimum amount of dust in the room. This quality is especially important in a room where people suffering from asthma and other diseases of the respiratory system live.
- The coating must be wear-resistant, even and durable. Despite the fact that the bedroom is a room with a low level of traffic - this way the coating will last longer.
Children's room
On the surface of the floor in the nursery there are serious dynamic loads, there is a possibility of mechanical damage, getting wet and dirty. At the same time, the floor must retain heat, be easy to clean and maintain its aesthetic appearance throughout the entire service life.
There are several requirements:
- The material must be of high quality, meet all safety standards.
- The coating must have soundproofing properties.
- The surface of the material must be non-slippery, hygienic, hypoallergenic, environmentally friendly, free of odors and dyes.
- The material must withstand repeated wet cleaning, exposure to detergents and cleaners. Also, the coating should not absorb dirt.
- The coating must be antistatic (the property not to accumulate dust on its surface).
- It is important that the material is cushioned when walking on it - this property will protect the child from injury when falling and reduce the load on the spine.
Floor in the living room
The living room is a room where all family members meet, spend family holidays receive guests. Sometimes, the room performs several functions, being a living room and dining room, living room and study, living room and bedroom. All this must be taken into account when choosing a floor covering.
Of the basic requirements for the floor in the living room, the following are noted:
- The coating should be aesthetically attractive, organically combined with the rest of the finish and furniture, emphasizing the style of the interior.
- When choosing a floor covering, take into account the shade of the cashing of the door and window opening.
- The surface of the floor must be wear-resistant and durable - so the coating will last longer.
- The living room can be called the hallmark of the house, so the flooring here is chosen to be expensive, creating a presentable appearance of the interior.
- The coating should be easy to care for and durable, especially if children and pets live in the house.
Floor in the kitchen
The kitchen area has special operational characteristics. The floor material here is exposed to various adverse effects:
- The floor surface is exposed to the greatest wear in working area kitchens.
- The indoor climate is characterized by high humidity and temperature fluctuations.
- The coating must withstand repeated wet cleaning with detergents because it is subject to frequent contamination.
- The floor surface must be solid because heavy or sharp objects often fall on it.
- In addition to strength and durability, the floor in the kitchen must have aesthetics.
- The floor must not absorb dirt or liquids.
- The hygiene of the coating will ensure the absence of pores and relief on the surface.
- The material must be moisture resistant.
floor in the hallway
The entrance hall is the room that is most exposed to negative and even aggressive influences. This is where most of the sand, dirt, water gets. The coating is subject to mechanical stress and wear.
The floor material in the hallway must have the following properties:
- The aesthetic appearance of the coating plays an important role.
- Preference should be given to coatings on the surface of which scratches and dirt are less visible.
- The surface must withstand mechanical stress and abrasives.
- The material is chosen to be moisture resistant, on the surface of which water can stand for some time without harming the coating.
- The material must be resistant to aggressive cleaning agents.
- It is desirable that the floor surface has dirt-repellent properties.
- The high strength of the material will protect the coating from shock loads.
Bathroom floor
The floor cake in rooms with high humidity necessarily includes a layer of waterproofing. The most reliable type is the coating method, which forms a monolithic sealed coating. The main features of the coating in the bathroom include the following:
- Moisture resistance.
- Durability.
- Hygiene.
- Mechanical strength.
- Not slippery surface.
- Simple care.
- aesthetic appeal.
- The minimum number of joints or their careful sealing.
Types of floor coverings and their characteristics
All floor coverings that can be used in an apartment differ in the way they are laid, the requirements for preparing the base, appearance and performance. Consider the most popular options.
grooved board
Wood flooring is a traditional way of creating a warm, natural feel. For fine finish a special type of board is used, which is called grooved. In addition to the fact that it is equipped with a groove and a ridge, there are grooves on the back side that provide natural ventilation flooring.
Important! The tongue/groove lock ensures even distribution over the flooring surface.
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of boardwalk
| Advantages | Flaws |
|---|---|
| 1. Natural wood is a natural, environmentally friendly and safe material. 2. The tree "breathes", and therefore affects the creation of an optimal microclimate in the room. 3. With proper care and the right choice of wood species, the coating will last for many years. 4. The surface can be subjected to a variety of treatments - staining, varnishing, brushing, oiling and waxing. 5. The wooden floor creates a cozy, warm atmosphere in the interior. | 1. When compared with other materials, wood has a higher cost. 2. Natural wood is unstable to mechanical stress and cannot be restored if severely damaged. 3. Periodically, treatment with antiseptic compounds is required. 4. The material is combustible, so it is additionally treated with antiperm. 5. Periodic renewal of the decorative layer is required. 6. Wood is afraid of moisture, so it can not be installed in every room. It is also worth performing a thorough waterproofing of the base when installing a wooden floor on the ground floor above an unheated underground. |
Table 2. Board laying process
| Image | Description |
|---|---|
 | The first board is laid with a groove to the wall at a certain distance, forming a gap of at least 1 cm. |
 | They are fixed on a self-tapping screw so that the fastener head is subsequently behind the plinth. |
 | For further installation of the flooring, you can use long self-tapping screws that exceed the thickness of the lamella by 2 times. Self-tapping screws are screwed into the boards at the lag locations. The fastener caps are subsequently masked with a special putty. |
 | The second method involves screwing self-tapping screws into the tenon of each board. This method provides a tighter fit of the boards and allows you to hide the fasteners. |
Parquet
One of the varieties of wooden flooring is block parquet. You can also put modular parquet, which looks like a tile with a geometric pattern of several dies.
Important! Parquet differs from other materials in that it is made of solid wood, so its cost is quite high. However, this coating has a very long service life.
The presence of a groove and a ridge on each plank ensures their snug fit, in addition, the elements are attached to the adhesive during installation. For the manufacture of parquet, such wood as oak, cherry, ash, beech, maple is used.
Table 3. Advantages and disadvantages of parquet
| Advantages | Flaws |
|---|---|
| 1. The use of hard rocks for the manufacture of dies allows you to get a durable, reliable coating. 2. Due to the unique natural pattern, the coating has a unique, aesthetic appearance. 3. When repairing, you can replace a single fragment without disassembling the entire coating. 4. The coating is environmentally friendly and safe. 5. The large thickness of the dies makes them resistant to mechanical stress and allows them to be repeatedly polished. 6. The coating has excellent heat and sound insulation properties. | 1. Is the most expensive way to finish the floor. 2. For laying, it is required to hire a specialist with experience in carrying out such work. 3. The material is more demanding of microclimatic conditions than others. 4. Like any wood material, it is afraid of moisture. |
Piece and modular parquet differ in cost and, if desired, you can choose the material at a fairly affordable price.
Table 4. Average cost of parquet
| Name and image of material brand Papa Carlo | Average cost as of September 2018, rubles |
|---|---|
| 880 |
| 680 |
| 920 |
| 2800 |
| 3600 |
| 3600 |
| 2500 |
parquet board
The parquet board is three-layer floor material With lock connection, like a laminate, but differs from it in that the front layer, like all the others, is made of natural wood. Therefore, the parquet board looks noble and natural. The slats are highly durable due to the fact that the middle layer of the slats is located perpendicular to the outer one - the lower plywood and the front decorative, impregnated with a protective compound.
Externally, a parquet board can imitate a coating of block parquet. This effect is achieved due to the fact that the front layer of one lamella looks like it is assembled from 2, 3 or 4 rows of dies.
Table 5. Advantages and disadvantages of a parquet board
| Advantages | Flaws |
|---|---|
| 1. Lamels are made of natural wood. 2. Affordable cost compared to parquet. 3. Simple installation and strong connection of lamellas due to the presence of a locking system. 4. A wide variety of shades and types of wood. 5. A variety of optional processing methods. 6. Variability of laying methods. 7. Can be used in the "warm floor" system. 8. Nice surface. 9. The ability to absorb noise. 10. durable, even coverage that does not require complex care. 11. The possibility of creating a collapsible cover. | 1. Vulnerability to moisture. 2. Vulnerability to chemicals and overheating when used in a floor heating system. 3. When damaged mechanically the entire lamella must be replaced. |
Table 6. Laying parquet board
| Illustration | Description |
|---|---|
 | The material, without unpacking, is left for 48 hours. |
 | First, a substrate is laid with the institution of the material on the wall along the perimeter of the room. |
 | The boards of the first row are cut on one side, removing the locking element. A gap is left between the wall and the first row of lamellas by inserting special spacer plastic wedges into the gap. |
 | For a snug fit, the slats use the technology of tapping on them with a hammer through a special bar. |
 | An electric jigsaw is used to cut the lamellas. |
 | The locking system allows the installation of the coating in a short time. |
 | Spacer wedges are installed around the entire perimeter of the room. This laying method is called floating and ensures the integrity of the coating when the material expands during a period of temperature fluctuations. |
 | To lay the board in the area of the doorway, the lamella itself and the door frame are cut. |
 | IN doorway install a threshold with a hidden fastening to match the coating. |
 | At the final stage, a plinth is mounted around the perimeter of the room. |
Laminate
Laminate is a coating consisting of multilayer lamellas, front decorative layer which imitates any kind of wood, as well as other natural and artificial materials.
Lamellas from different manufacturers can have arbitrarily technological layers that improve the performance properties of the laminate. The simplest instance consists of the following layers:
- Lower stabilization paper layer with melamine impregnation.
- The load-bearing and thickest layer based on HDF - plates with a lock joint at the ends.
- Decorative paper layer with natural material texture pattern.
- A protective polymer layer that determines the wear resistance (class) of the laminate. For residential premises, material of class 32 is purchased.
Table 7. Advantages and disadvantages of laminate
| Advantages | Flaws |
|---|---|
| 1. Castle type connection of the lamellas ensures their tight fit and quick installation. 2. The possibility of creating a collapsible coating for floating laying. 3. The front layer resistant to mechanical stress and the moisture resistance of some models allows the use of the material in hallways and kitchens. 4. Waterproof laminate (PVC) can be used in bathrooms. 5. The coating can be used in any room, as it is environmentally friendly and safe. 6. Affordable cost and a wide range of colors and textures make this material quite popular. 7. The coating is not afraid of UV and does not need additional processing. 8. Material with a special marking can be used in the "warm floor" system. | 1. Some varieties are afraid of moisture. 2. Is not a natural material. 3. The surface is not as warm as natural wood. 4. A very sonorous material that requires the organization of high-quality sound insulation of the base. |
PVC laminate is environmentally friendly and safe for humans and the environment. You can find a detailed list of the advantages of PVC panels.
Laying laminate is carried out according to the same principle as parquet boards - in a floating way.
Laying is carried out on a flat and clean base on the substrate, leaving a compensation gap around the perimeter between the coating and the wall.
Linoleum
Linoleum is one of the common types of flooring that can be used in rooms of any purpose and degree of traffic. Its popularity is associated with many factors, one of which is the moisture resistance of the material and the possibility of using it in wet areas.
Linoleum can be with or without a base. According to the structure, it is divided into homogeneous (single-layer) and heterogeneous (multilayer). The composition can be natural and artificial (PVC). According to the field of application, the material is divided into:
- Commercial.
- Domestic.
- Semi-commercial.
- Special.
More often in residential premises, three-layer linoleum is used for semi-commercial purposes. He has higher operational properties, resistance to mechanical stress and abrasion. It consists of the following layers:
- Protective polyurethane layer 0.4-0.6 mm thick.
- Decorative (front) plain or multi-colored layer.
- The bottom layer is in the form of a foamed PVC substrate.
Table 8. Advantages and disadvantages of linoleum
| Advantages | Flaws |
|---|---|
| 1. Low price. 2. A rich variety of colors, imitations of various materials and textures. 3. Wear-resistant front layer. 4. Durability. 5. Resistance to moisture. 6. Resistance to mechanical stress. 7. Monolithic coating that does not absorb odors and dirt. 8. Doesn't slip. 9. Suitable for underfloor heating system. 10. Does not require complex maintenance. | 1. Unnatural material. 2. There may be a specific smell in the first 2 weeks. 3. There may be black sole marks. 4. Requires a level ground. 5. When damaged, it cannot be repaired. |
Before you start laying linoleum, the base must be prepared. If installation is done according to cement screed or reinforced concrete slab, then its surface is cleaned of debris and primed. Also, laying can be done on wooden (plywood) flooring.
Table 9. Laying linoleum
| Illustration | Description |
|---|---|
 | At the first stage, the roll is rolled out in the room and allowed to rest for some time. |
 | Linoleum is cut along the perimeter of the room, adjusting it to size. |
 | After a day, you can begin to fix the canvas with double-sided tape. The adhesive tape is first fixed on the floor, having previously unbent a part of the linoleum. |
 | After the surface of the tape is smoothed with a paint roller, the protective layer is removed, releasing the outer sticky side of the adhesive tape. |
 | Linoleum is carefully returned to its place, fixing in a given position. Do the same with the second half of the canvas. |
 | At the final stage, the plinth is fixed. |
Marmoleum
The natural variety of linoleum is modern material- marmoleum. It contains only natural ingredients:
- Pine resin.
- Linseed oil.
- Jute fibers.
- Wood flour.
Important! To the touch, in terms of environmental friendliness and degree of depreciation, marmoleum can be compared with cork.
Marmoleum can be rolled and slab. The rolled material must be laid on an insulated or heated base, as it does not have additional layers. Another option is slab, it is distinguished by a multilayer structure, when a strip of marmoleum is fixed on a supporting HDF-plate with a lock, and cork backing. Laying of such plates is carried out quickly, and the locking method of connection ensures a snug fit of the elements and eliminates the occurrence of cold bridges.
Table 10. Advantages and disadvantages of marmoleum
| Advantages | Flaws |
|---|---|
| 1. The material is environmentally friendly and safe. 2. The material is hypoallergenic with bactericidal properties. 3. Affordable cost compared to other natural coatings. 4. It has sound and heat insulation properties. 5. Not subject to shrinkage and deformation, moisture resistant, retains its dimensions throughout the entire service life. 6. Does not absorb dirt. 7. Resistant to point loads. 8. Has a long service life. 9. Has an antistatic surface. 10. Does not burn, support or promote the spread of fire. 11. Can have any shade and imitate the textures of various materials. 12. Easy to install. | 1. The edges of marmoleum are fragile, which requires careful handling during transportation, storage and installation. 2. The material is difficult to cut, so it is recommended to trim the marmoleum only at the junction with the wall, provided that the cut will be hidden behind the plinth. |
Laying marmoleum is easy and does not require special skills.
Table 11. The process of laying marmoleum
| Illustration | Description |
|---|---|
 | The base must be free of dirt and dust. |
 | Markings are applied to the floor surface, the middle of the room is marked, taking into account the distance from the wall along the perimeter of the room at a distance of at least 6 cm. |
 | Apply adhesive with a spatula. |
 | A spatula with teeth level the solution, forming grooves. |
 | A fragment is laid out from a marmoleum tile. |
 | Excess adhesive is removed immediately with a damp sponge. |
 | With the help of a rolling roller, the tile is pressed in a predetermined position, passing in two directions. |
 | The cut line when cutting tiles is indicated with a sharp clerical knife. |
 | The fragment is cut at an angle of 45 degrees using a special tool. |
 | After gluing the cut fragment, it is also rolled with a roller in two directions. |
Video - Do-it-yourself marmoleum laying
Tile
This material occupies a special niche among floor coverings - according to technical specifications it is more suitable than others for rooms with special operating conditions and requirements for floor hygiene (kitchen, bathroom, hallway).
Table 12. Advantages and disadvantages of tiles
| Advantages | Flaws |
|---|---|
| 1. High hardness, density and strength. 2. Hygiene. 3. Hypoallergenic. 4. Moisture resistance. 5. A wide range of shades, patterns, textures, sizes and shapes. 6. Biological passivity. 7. Fire resistant. 8. Dielectricity. 9. High thermal conductivity. 10. Wear resistance. 11. UV resistant. 12. Durability. | 1. The material is fragile, so it requires careful handling during transportation, storage and installation. 2. Not resistant to point shock loads. 3. It is characterized by low soundproof properties. 4. The coating surface is cold and unpleasant to the touch. 5. Glossy varieties glide. 6. Difficult dismantling. 7. Require experience when laying. |
The surface of a floor ceramic tile happens opaque and glossy. More secure, with a pleasant embossed, porous structure is a matte tile. It does not slip, therefore it is recommended for bathrooms. It is easier to remove dirt from a glossy surface, its gloss visually makes the room brighter and more spacious. One of the options for floor cladding is mosaic, but its disadvantage is the large number of joints, which are the most vulnerable spot prone to pollution, so the best place to use it is the bathroom.
Important! When choosing floor tiles, consider operational features space and load. We will show you how to choose the right floor tiles.
self-leveling floor
The bulk floor is different in composition. In this regard, its surface can be:
- Matte.
- Semi-matte.
- Glossy.
- Semi-gloss.
By appearance floors are multi-color or plain, with a pattern and pattern or . Self-leveling floor makes it possible to use the most different ways their decoration - the use of a canvas with a pattern, the introduction of decorative inclusions into the solution, the filling with a transparent composition of saw cuts of wood, stone, coins and other elements.
They entrust professionals with experience, as there are many manufacturing technologies for the composition, depending on the components and methods for creating a decorative coating.
Table 13. Advantages and disadvantages of self-leveling floor
carpet
Carpet is a rolled material with different pile thickness and height, shade and pattern, which allows you to choose a coating for any interior. The thickness of the material varies from 5 to 10 mm.
Note! Any carpet consists of a backing for fixing the pile (woven or non-woven), a fixing layer based on latex, a secondary backing in contact with the floor, endowing the coating with elasticity, heat and sound insulation qualities, wear resistance, and pile.
Carpet is different:
- Manufacturing material.
- Manufacturing technology.
- The length and quality of the pile.
- base material.
According to the material of manufacture, carpet can be natural and synthetic. The first is more whimsical to care for and is more expensive.
Table 14. Advantages and disadvantages of carpet
cork floor
Cork is made from natural raw materials by pressing. This floor is distinguished by high shock-absorbing properties, due to the porous structure. Cork is pleasant to the touch, so it is often used in children's rooms. When using cork in rooms with a high load and traffic, the front layer is varnished.
There are several varieties - in the form of a material with an adhesive base or plates (laminate) with a thorn-groove lock. The latter may have different thickness. Tiles less than 6 mm are laid on any flat surface and fix with glue. Material up to 12 mm thick can be mounted by the floating method on wooden flooring, screed or linoleum.
Table 15. Advantages and disadvantages of cork coating
Summary table of materials for the floor in the apartment
Summing up, it should be indicated which coatings are appropriate in certain areas of the apartment.
Table 16. What coatings are appropriate in certain rooms
| Index | Bulk floor | Laminate | Parquet board | Array. board | Cork | Linoleum | Ceram. tile | Carpet. coating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service life, years | 10 – 30 | 5 – 15 | 15 – 30 | up to 40 | Up to 50 | 3 – 7 | 5 – 15 | 1 – 5 |
| Environmental friendliness | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| naturalness | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not really | Yes | Not really |
| decorative | high | low | low | low | low | low | average | low |
| Care | easily | medium | medium | medium | medium | easily | medium | hard |
| Resistance to mechanical load | high | average | average | average | low | average | average | average |
| maintainability | high | No | low | low | No | No | No | No |
| thermal insulation | low | low | high | high | high | low | low | average |
| moisture resistance | high | low | low | low | low | high | high | low |
| Price | average | average | high | high | high | low | average | average |
| For which rooms is recommended | Hallway Living room Bathroom Kitchen | Hallway Living room Kitchen | Living room Bedroom Children's | Living room Bedroom Children's | Bedroom Children's | Hallway Living room Bathroom Kitchen | Hallway Bathroom Kitchen | Bedroom |
It is quite difficult to answer the question “which gender is better”? After all, floor coverings differ from each other, at least in appearance. If you take out the decorative factor, you can compare the price, service life, advantages and disadvantages of each material. Let's try to find the best flooring in this way.
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On the picture:
What coverage to prefer, if the choice is so great?
Floor coverings can be conditionally divided into three large groups: wooden (parquet, board, solid board, cork), elastic (carpets, rubber coating), ceramic and stone. Which floors are better - decide for yourself!
1. Block parquet
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On the picture:
Most people under the word "parquet" mean exactly piece parquet.
2. Parquet board
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On the picture:
The parquet board forms ideally smooth, "seamless" floor surface.
3. Cork floor
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On the picture:
4. Massive board
- 1 of 1
On the picture:
A solid wood floor does not look “homogeneous”: the chamfers on the board separate one plate from another.
| coating | price | term services | solid board advantages | solid board disadvantages |
| massive board | 30-200 USD sq/m | up to 50 years with proper installation | beautiful natural coating. The massive board is universal, suitable for almost any interior. Very durable. | It requires a high-quality "rough" floor, when laying it is necessary to use a heavy-duty two-component adhesive (it itself is quite expensive). The massive board sharply reacts to the microclimate in the room: temperature and humidity. |
5. Art parquet
- 1 of 1
On the picture:
Art parquet is a work of art: it is made in a single copy.
| coating | price | life time | advantages of artistic parquet | disadvantages of artistic parquet |
| Art parquet | From 50-70 to 3000 USD sq/m | 50-70 years old | Luxurious coating, the ability to create a unique pattern. It is difficult to think which floors are better and more status than artistic parquet. | High cost. Very "dictates conditions" to the rest of the interior. |
6. Laminate
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On the picture:
By appearance quality laminate difficult to distinguish from parquet flooring.
7. Natural linoleum, marmoleum
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On the picture:
Natural linoleum is made according to the old technology from "pure" materials.
8. Rubber flooring
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On the picture:
A not too well-known coating for the home, in appearance, the rubber floor is a cross between linoleum and self-leveling flooring. But much more environmentally friendly.
| coating | price | life time | advantages of rubber flooring | disadvantages of rubber flooring |
| rubber coating | from 20 USD sq/m | From 25 years old | Extremely easy to install coating (tile or roll). It has good sound insulation, hardy (can be used even in gyms). The rubber floor is antistatic. | Rubber is sensitive to high and low temperatures. Despite the claims of manufacturers of special environmental friendliness, synthetic rubber (rubber) is often used. |
9. PVC linoleum
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On the picture:
Modern technologies allow you to imitate almost any material with linoleum: natural board or tiles, as in the picture.
10. Carpet
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On the picture:
For those who like to walk barefoot, there is no better flooring for the home than pile carpet.
11. Modular carpet tiles
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On the picture:
Modular carpet tiles are an alternative to carpet.
12. Ceramic tiles
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On the picture:
Beautiful, bright, but not too warm. In our climate, only warm socks or slippers can be walked on ceramic tile floors.
13. Porcelain stoneware
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On the picture:
In the Russian climate, it is advisable to use floor porcelain tiles together with the "warm floor" system.
14. Stone floor
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On the picture:
Gender out natural stone great for halls and atriums in the house - it will be reminiscent of the cobblestone pavement of medieval squares.
15. Self-leveling floor
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On the picture:
It is impossible to create a white glossy floor without a single seam otherwise - only the “self-leveling floor” technology is used.
16. Cement floor
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On the picture:
Cement floor - a godsend for designer interiors loft style.
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