Do-it-yourself ventilation in the apartment: supply ventilation scheme and installation process. Ventilation device in multi-storey buildings: what you need to know Ventilation scheme in an apartment in a multi-storey building
Has it become too stuffy in the apartment, the windows have begun to fog up, and the characteristic kitchen and toilet odors remain in the premises for a long time? The reason for all the troubles is one - insufficiently effective ventilation.
This problem needs to be resolved as soon as possible. Otherwise, you run the risk of saying goodbye to wallpaper, furniture and other apartment furnishings, which simply begin to rot in conditions of excessive humidity.
It is possible to equip an efficient and reliable ventilation system in the apartment on your own. It is absolutely not necessary to have any specialized skills to perform such work - you just need to have basic knowledge of the relevant activities and be able to work with elementary construction tools.
Read the presented guide, do everything in accordance with the recommendations given, and you will forever forget about the problems that arise in conditions of insufficiently effective ventilation of the apartment.
Requirements for ventilation in the apartment
In accordance with the current sanitary standards, such ventilation is considered sufficient, in which the exhaust air in each room is completely replaced with fresh air at least twice an hour.
Initially, ventilation was supplied to each apartment from a common ventilation duct. However, in some situations, the power of such a system is not enough to provide the required level of air exchange.
Exhaust fan installation
For maximum efficiency and productivity ventilation system, install modern exhaust fans in the bathroom and kitchen. Currently available in specialized stores big choice devices with different characteristics.
To determine the appropriate power of the exhaust fan, you need to multiply the volume of the room by 7 for the bathroom, for the kitchen, multiply by 10.
For installation in it is best to purchase a unit equipped with a humidity sensor. Such a device will automatically start when the level of air humidity rises above the permissible level.
An exhaust fan with a preset timer is well suited for a toilet. Thanks to the timer, the unit will automatically turn off after some time after starting.
For installation in the kitchen, try to find a fan model equipped with a grid. Thanks to the mesh, the possibility of penetration into the room of various kinds of insects and debris will be excluded. Such nets can be easily removed and washed with ordinary water.
In the event that you could not find the exhaust fans described above for sale, or if you cannot buy them due to lack of sufficient Money, purchase ordinary model. In the bathroom, it is recommended to connect the fan directly to the switch - as a result, the hood will start when the light is turned on.
The installation of the unit is carried out in accordance with the instructions, there is nothing complicated about it. Usually it is enough to simply attach the case and related parts to the wall using self-tapping screws. In general, follow the recommendations of the manufacturer of the fan model you have chosen.
To further increase the efficiency of air exchange, it is recommended to create 1-1.5 cm gaps between the floor and the lower edges interior doors. Such gaps are needed everywhere, with the exception of bathrooms. To mask the gap, you can install a special decorative perforated panel or grid.
Now you have the information you need to arrange a simple one yourself. Follow the recommendations received, and you will forever forget about the problems associated with inefficient air exchange.
Successful work!
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Video - Do-it-yourself ventilation in the apartment
During the construction of a multi-storey building, many important engineering points must be taken into account. One of those things is air conditioning. Ventilation of an apartment building is complex scheme air circulation. Therefore, the correct operation of this system depends on the design of this system. Air conditioning combined with heating creates a microclimate in your home that affects your health and good mood. The main sources of indoor air pollution are: kitchen stove, washing machine and a bathroom. As a result, a large amount of harmful vapors and gases are formed in the air, which have a detrimental effect on the human body.
To know if your ventilation system is working properly, you need to pay attention to the following signs:
- fogging of glasses in windows;
- condensation on windows and walls;
- dampness in the corners of the room;
- the appearance of the fungus.
Important! High humidity and fungus can lead to respiratory disease.
There is the simplest and effective method check your extractor. It is enough just to go up to it and attach a small piece of paper. When working correctly, the paper will begin to be drawn into the air valve.
Features of ventilation in a multi-storey building
These features are as follows:
- air must move in such a way as to weather unpleasant odors from rooms, kitchen and bathroom;
- for each building specifically calculated its own exhaust system;
- some buildings are equipped with exhaust fans, so additional sound insulation should be provided in such houses;
- air conditioning in high-rise buildings should be controlled to reduce air heating costs.
Types of ventilation system design
Natural ventilation is of the following types:
- individual - each apartment has its own exhaust duct facing the roof. But now this method of ventilation is not popular;
- exhaust ducts of all apartments are connected by one horizontal duct facing the roof;
- ventilation communications of the whole house lead to one room, from which air is vented to the outside with the help of special equipment.
In order to better understand how ventilation is arranged in an apartment building, consider what are the ways of air movement:
- natural;
- combined;
- mechanical.
The natural way involves penetration fresh air into the apartment through the windows, and the exit through ventilation ducts due to pressure and temperature differences.
The combined method involves the creation of an artificial air flow and its natural outlet, or vice versa.
The mechanical method or forced ventilation provides air conditioning of the room with the help of supply and exhaust equipment. This type of ventilation is used in almost all modern buildings and structures.
House ventilation
The simplest method of ventilation in an apartment building is a system supply and exhaust ventilation. According to this system, air enters the room through windows and exits through ventilation ducts located mainly in the bathroom and kitchen, which, in turn, are connected by one common air duct. In this way, ventilation has been established in almost all old multi-storey buildings. This is not surprising, the system is simple and inexpensive, but not entirely effective.
But in modern multi-storey buildings it has become fashionable to use new system ventilation, moreover, it is more efficient. The principle of operation of ventilation in an apartment building is carried out mechanically. On the roof of such a house, provision is made for supply and exhaust fans. These devices work like clockwork, there is no need to take into account Atmosphere pressure and building design features. This method of ventilating the room has become the most effective and popular, but forced ventilation has two drawbacks: high price structures and dependency on electricity. However, when you want to breathe fresh and clean air at home, no one thinks about these shortcomings.
Interesting! The mechanical ventilation system of the premises creates an optimal microclimate for your home.
Existing ventilation schemes
To understand how ventilation works in an apartment building, a diagram is simply necessary. In such a house, one common prefabricated exhaust duct is constructed, to which the exhaust ducts of each of the floors are attached. The air exchange organization scheme provides for two types of ventilation - mixing or squeezing air.
Agitation air conditioning is suitable for homes that do not allow air to pass through. These are brick and concrete buildings. Ventilation in these houses is carried out with the help of small vents. Air currents mix fresh and dirty air and exit through these openings. Only a properly designed ventilation system will allow it to be operated efficiently.
Advice! For effective ventilation, supply and exhaust devices must be equipped in each room and connected to the central unit.
Ventilation system project
The project of ventilation of an apartment building must be done before the start of construction of the building for more efficient operation of this system. True, if the building has already been built, you can try to establish efficient work air conditioning systems. The exhaust system is a complex engineering structure, the installation of which requires special skills and special equipment. This project helps to regulate the air sphere of each room. Therefore, the design of ventilation requires taking into account the characteristics of each floor of the building. The most important thing in this project is the choice of reliable equipment that can work without failures and overloads for a long time.
During design, the following points must be considered:
- technical and architectural aspects. Equipment must be selected taking into account all fire safety requirements;
- the exhaust system should not spoil the facade and interior of the building;
- air circulation in the room must meet all sanitary standards;
- The price of the selected equipment should not be reflected in its quality. On the economic side, no one wants to throw a lot of money on this project, so everyone is trying to choose a cheaper option, but in this case, the main thing is not to overdo it.
Main design stages:
- it all starts with calculating the volume of air exchange in your premises;
- according to them and all the nuances of your project, a scheme is developed that includes aerodynamic and acoustic calculations: air sections in the exhaust ducts and the noise level of all special equipment; Stone stove for sauna and home
No building can do without proper gas exchange or ventilation. Only in this case can we talk about confidence that dampness, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide will not accumulate in the building, which can harm human health and life. Without good ventilation, the service life will be significantly reduced. building materials. If everything is more or less clear with an ordinary private house, then what is the scheme for installing the ventilation system in panel house 9 floors? This will be discussed in the article.
Device Highlights
If he says simply, then since the development of ventilation systems for panel houses in the 60s, little has changed today. The principles of ventilation are still used, among which are:
- a single ventilation outlet for several apartments on the roof;
- common collector, which was on the roof;
- multiple individual channels.
The first ventilation scheme is most often used in houses that have at least nine floors. It consists in the fact that there is one ventilation riser that goes to the roof. All apartments through which it passes are connected to it. The second version of the ventilation scheme implies the presence of a personal channel, but in the attic it is connected to a common collector, through which exhaust air is removed. The third ventilation scheme was most often used in buildings with 5 floors. It implies the exit of each individual channel to the roof. This ventilation option has taken root in brick buildings, but has not received much distribution in panel houses.
Note! IN modern schemes ventilation for panel house there are three main risers that run through the flats on the same level. One of them passes through the toilets, the second through the bathrooms, and the third takes the exhaust air from the kitchen.
Positive and negative sides
The pioneer among ventilation schemes in multi-storey buildings can be considered the one that implies the presence of a separate channel for each apartment, which has its own exit on the roof. This approach to ventilation made it possible to ensure air exchange at the proper level in buildings that did not exceed 5 floors. In this case, the inflow was additionally provided with leakage window openings and door frames. It was thanks to this that the required difference in pressure in the ventilation ducts was ensured. But for the most part, this approach was not applicable to prefabricated houses. This is due to several nuances:
- bulkiness;
- insufficient performance;
- lack of compensation and regulation systems.
Brick houses can be enlarged to the required dimensions in order to fit inside all the nodes that provide normal life. But with buildings that are built using panel technology, this approach is not applicable. This is due to the initially set block size, which cannot be varied. At the same time, several ventilation channels occupied too much usable space. For such a height, the multi-channel ventilation system could not provide sufficient air flow. The result of this was that the bathrooms accumulated moisture, and in the toilets - an unpleasant smell. The other side of the coin of such ventilation was that in the living rooms the air left quickly. This led to a decrease in pressure and the return of polluted air from the ventilation ducts.
The ventilation scheme of the panel house did not provide compensators and regulators that would help equalize the pressure. This led to uneven ventilation depending on the floors. The lower the floor was, the better the ventilation was and vice versa. The result of this was increased costs for coolants in winter time among the inhabitants of the first floors, because all the heat was quickly blown into the ventilation. On the upper floors there was another extreme that could lead to poisoning carbon monoxide due to poor ventilation.
Air exchange scheme for a nine-story building
Engineers found a way out of the situation, which became simple solution for ventilation of panel houses, which had nine floors, which made it possible to use ventilation in normal mode without distortions. The individual ventilation ducts that ran from each apartment were replaced by a ventilation duct. It is a ventilation duct of increased cross-section, which runs in a continuous riser inside the wall of each corner of the entrance. An example of such ventilation can be seen in the photo below.
This ventilation scheme is used for modern construction. At the same time, each of the apartments of the nine-story building is connected to the main ventilation channel. This is done through ventilation ducts of smaller diameter compared to the main one. To increase the thrust on the collector, which is placed on the roof, it was decided to install a deflector. It should provide a difference in pressure. On early stages there was a grill with blinds, which worked in automatic mode. If the potential difference was not enough, then the flaps opened completely, when the thrust was too large, then the gaps decreased.
But the problem, which was present for the two upper floors, remained, so additional changes were required. They consisted in making individual conclusions for these apartments, and not connecting them to a common riser. At the same time, another interesting solution, which allowed to increase the draft for the channel in each apartment. The connection to the main duct did not take place at the level where the apartment was located, but a few meters higher, which made it possible to lengthen the air duct and increase the difference in pressure.
Disadvantages of ventilation of a panel house
Residents of the panel multi-storey buildings well felt and feel the consequences incorrect operation installed ventilation systems. Among them are the following:
- efficiency depends on the season;
- transfer of unpleasant odors between apartments;
- decrease in efficiency when contaminated.
The higher the pressure difference, the more efficient the ventilation system in multi-storey panel buildings. But this difference decreases as the temperature rises outside. This means that problems can be expected during the warm season. In special cases, problems begin already at night or in windy weather, when the ventilation works in the opposite direction. Another factor that constantly makes itself felt is the flow of unpleasant odors. If any of the residents has bad habit smoke, most tenants who are at the same level or higher know about it. You can also easily find out what the neighbors are cooking in the kitchen at a particular moment. The situation worsens if devices are installed in one of the apartments that provide forced air release into the ventilation ducts. This applies to hoods in the kitchen or fans in the toilet and bathroom.
Advice! The issue with odors is solved by installing check valves, which do not allow air from the ventilation to get back into the apartment. This will also require the installation of fans.
Maintenance of ventilation shafts leaves much to be desired, which means that debris and dust accumulate there quite quickly. Because of this, the channel space narrows and traction deteriorates. The cause of pollution is the lack of filter systems that should trap vapors saturated with fats or dust that enters with the air. We can safely talk about a 20 percent drop in performance in the presence of a layer of half a centimeter of plaque.
Found solutions
The situation that exists long years, made me look for practical and effective solutions. They are ubiquitous in modern construction. One such solution is the complete rejection of passive ventilation. It is replaced by active supply and exhaust ventilation, which perfectly copes with its tasks. Supply and exhaust ventilation systems are universally recognized throughout the world and are used not only for residential buildings, but for office space and trading platforms.
The task of high-quality ventilation is not only to ensure rapid air exchange. Thanks to the balance of supply and exhaust, significant savings are achieved in heating and cooling the room. IN forced systems ventilation for panel houses, air intake is provided at the level of the second or third floor. At the same time, it passes through filtration and humidification, and then it is fed into the apartments through blowing fans. Through separate channels, the process of pulling out the spent masses takes place. At the same time, in the exchange chambers on the roof, heat accumulates and returns.
Troubleshooting older systems
Those systems that were installed many years ago cannot be replaced with new ones without extensive intervention. Because of this, there are a few simple steps that will allow residents to solve emerging problems regarding ventilation systems. One of the requirements that residents must comply with regarding the ventilation system is not to produce self-assembly additional elements designed to improve ventilation efficiency. Also, residents should not clean themselves. This may not only not improve the situation, but also destroy the ventilation duct.
In this case, it is necessary to give a certain will in servicing only your own riser by dismantling the grate. Management Company should have a specialist who will deal specifically with the issue of ventilation, as, for example, a plumber does. Some situations can be solved by a self-installed supply valve which provides fresh air supply. You can assess the condition of old ventilation systems in the video.
Summary
As you can see, the ventilation system is an integral component of any home. Not only the quality of indoor air depends on it, but also how the heating system will function. Thanks to right approach to ventilation, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of heat carriers, which ensures both local and global savings.
What happens to an apartment building without ventilation? Residents will be tormented by a constant feeling of stuffiness, the apartment will be filled with smells from the kitchen and bathroom, dampness and mold will appear on the walls. A well-functioning and efficient ventilation system eliminates such suffering. But how does ventilation work in practice?
Ventilation device in multi-storey buildings
Each apartment building (MKD) has a ventilation shaft. It can be compared with the human venous system - it is through the shaft that air masses move from different points (rooms) to one - to the attic or to the street.
Mines take up a lot of space, so in low-rise buildings, compact air ducts are often installed instead.
The ventilation shaft in a panel house consists of concrete blocks that are superimposed on each other. The seams between them are closed cement mortar. In new buildings, air lines are made of metal or plastic boxes. On the roof, the shaft ends with a special umbrella - it protects the pipes from precipitation, leaves and debris.
Types of air ducts:
- Embedded. There are rectangular or square sections. Laid during construction in load-bearing walls high-rise building. They are made of brick or concrete blocks.
- Overhead / suspended. They are installed after the completion of construction and decoration of the premises. Most often they are made from galvanized sheet steel. The main disadvantage is susceptibility to corrosion, so it is important to protect them from high humidity. Such air ducts must be soundproofed - otherwise the movement of air inside the metal shaft may be accompanied by a hum.
- Outdoor. Mounted on the outside of the building. They are made from all of the above materials.
Each multi-storey residential building has different ventilation systems. Creating ventilation goes through the following steps:
- Specialists calculate ventilation in a residential building based on the area of apartments and individual rooms.
- A ventilation scheme is drawn up. It indicates the method of distribution of air flows, the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe channels, the noise level of the equipment, the type of ventilation and its other features.
- According to the scheme, a drawing with a detailed description is developed, which is agreed upon by the technical services. After approval, the necessary documentation is prepared.
- Installation of ventilation shafts begins in internal walls building. After completion of the work, the system is checked for compliance with all requirements.
Requirements for ventilation of a residential building:
- tightness;
- high performance;
- fire safety;
- compliance with sanitary standards. For Russia, sanitary and hygienic standards for ventilation are specified in SNiP 41-01-2003.
Types of ventilation in residential buildings
The most common natural ventilation. It works like this:
- Fresh air enters through ajar vents, windows or.
- The exhaust air is displaced by fresh air and removed from the rooms into the ventilation shaft.
- Due to the difference in temperature and pressure, air from the ventilation shaft enters the attic or roof, and from there - to the street.
Ventilation with natural impulse is installed in panel and brick houses as well as in some new buildings. For its operation, nothing is needed except the mines themselves - therefore, for developers, it is simple and cheap. But for residents, there are few pluses in it: in the heat, air exchange practically stops, and in winter all the heat quickly “flies” into the ventilation.
To increase traction in summer period, a deflector is installed on the top of the ventilation duct. This device captures the wind and cuts it into several air streams with different speeds. Due to this, the pressure drop in the pipe increases, and the exhaust air flows out faster.
natural ventilation apartment building implies that the exhaust system does not work without an inflow. Therefore, it is important to either always leave the windows open, or install a ventilator - a device that allows you to ventilate the room with closed windows. The simplest ventilators are: they are built into a double-glazed window, and fresh air enters through a special hole. More efficient system ventilation in the apartment high-rise building- : it not only supplies air to the room, but also cleans it from allergens, harmful gases and fine dust. The device can heat the air to a comfortable temperature.
If the supply does not have a heating function, then it is advisable to install it as close as possible to the ceiling of the room. So supply air will mix with warm air rooms.
Exhaust vents are usually located in the kitchen and bathroom: it is in these areas that most unwanted odors accumulate. It is not allowed to combine the hood in the kitchen and in the toilet into one ventilation duct - otherwise the smells will move from one room to another. To improve air exchange, they install in the bathroom.
The ventilation of the basement of an apartment building, as a rule, is organized with the help of vents in the walls. They are made just above the surface of the earth. How more area basement, the more air.
- fresh air intake point;
- block, which may contain a heater, recuperator, filters, fans;
- air ducts;
- diffuser through which fresh air is supplied;
- ventilation grille for exhaust air intake;
- a pipe through which exhaust air exits.
Forced ventilation does not depend on weather conditions. In it, air is pumped in and removed by means of electric fans. How more powerful fans the more air they can handle. Such a system is more expensive and is usually installed in luxury homes.
Often filters, noise absorbers, heaters and other devices are built into ventilation with mechanical air supply. Such an installation takes up a lot of space, so it is placed in the attic or on technical floor. Only qualified service personnel should have access to the equipment.
There is also combined ventilation, in which only exhaust or inflow is carried out with the help of a fan.
The air purification function is sometimes added to the ventilation project. For example, the Tion company produces a disinfectant cleaner that is built into the general house ventilation: it cleans polluted air from dust, mold, bacteria, exhaust gases and allergens. CityAir stations can be installed at the ventilation inlet and outlet: they monitor air quality before and after cleaning.
Sometimes ventilation is equipped - it takes heat from the exhaust air and gives it to the supply air. This allows you to save on heating apartments.
Ventilation schemes in apartments of a multi-storey building
As a rule, four schemes for constructing a ventilation shaft in a multi-storey building are used in housing construction.
1. Extraction device in residential buildings individually, i.e. from the kitchen, toilet and bathroom on each floor there is a separate shaft leading to the roof. Odors from neighbors do not penetrate into the apartment, the draft works more stable. But this is far from always convenient for developers: firstly, it is too expensive, and secondly, additional pipes take up a lot of space.
2. Exhaust channels of all apartments are connected to a horizontal box - a collection channel in the attic. From there, the air enters the street. If the duct diameter is insufficient, then the exhaust air returns to the apartments of the upper floors. To get rid of the reverse thrust, either the duct is artificially expanded, or the channels of the upper floors are led directly into the shaft on top of the duct.
3. This option is similar to the previous one, only the exhaust air does not enter the collection channel, but immediately into the attic. Ventilation ducts in MKD must be thermally insulated - otherwise condensation and mold will appear in the attic, building materials will begin to collapse.
4. Ventilation with satellite channels is similar to a tree: exhaust channels-branches in each apartment are connected to a trunk - a common vertical shaft. Such a system saves space and money, but it has a problem: if the draft is broken, smells from one apartment can get into another.
Each ventilation design in an apartment building has one common drawback: the distance from the top floor to the end exhaust pipe small, therefore, traction is weak. To strengthen it, individual ventilation ducts are built up from the apartments on the top floor, which are brought out to a height of at least a meter.
Who should clean the ventilation in an apartment building
In an apartment building, this is done: attach a sheet of paper or a paper napkin to the exhaust grille. If the sheet or napkin does not hold on to the grate, then there is a problem with ventilation.
Possible reasons for the lack of traction:
- The mine simply doesn't work. If the house is old, and the shaft is made of concrete blocks, then cracks may appear at their joints.
- Blockage in the mine. Dust, small debris, insects get into the air ducts. On kitchen hood fatty deposits may form.
- There is no inflow. If fresh air does not enter the apartment, there is nothing to displace the exhaust air. At the same time, the performance of the inflow and exhaust should be approximately equal: the air passing through a small window slit will not be enough for proper ventilation.
You can only clean the grate on your exhaust outlet yourself; ventilation shafts are cleaned by specialists. If , diagnostics are carried out: a video camera descends into the mine, which detects the cause of the blockage. Then all the dirt is removed with a pneumatic brush machine.
Ventilation must undergo not only cleaning, but also disinfection. Atomizer with flexible pipe is carried out to the middle of the shaft and cleans its walls with an antibacterial solution. For more quality processing you can contact the sanitary and epidemiological service: specialists will analyze the bacterial environment in the ventilation and select an individual disinfectant.
Inspection of the ventilation system should be carried out regularly. Who is responsible for ventilation in an apartment building? As a rule, the managing organization or HOA enters into an agreement with a separate company. All costs for inspection, cleaning and repair of ventilation are included in the cost of utilities.
In accordance with existing standards, any residential premises must be equipped without fail, which is designed to eliminate polluted air from non-residential rooms (toilet, bathroom, kitchen). In the event of a malfunction, the glass on the windows begins to fog up, condensate flows down the walls, the corners become damp, and mold forms in the rooms; if the ventilation system is working properly, such troubles are invisible. If the house is Small child, then the consequences of poor-quality air exchange can cause the baby to develop bronchial asthma or other respiratory diseases.
Diagram of a forced ventilation device in a multi-storey building
To check the performance of the ventilation system, you need to take a small piece of soft paper (about 10x10 cm), open a window in the room, and then bring a piece of paper to ventilation grille. In the event that the leaf sways, the ventilation works well. In turn, if the sheet is not attracted, this is an indicator of poor-quality operation of the ventilation system.
Ventilation problems in apartment buildings, especially on the upper floors, are quite common. The reason for the problems lies in the fact that in order to ensure normal circulation in the apartment, the air must pass through the ventilation duct at least 2 meters vertically. On the top floor, this condition is problematic, since the attic space acts as an obstacle. You can bring ventilation to the street using three different methods.
- The first - ventilation ducts, in the form of a pipe head, directly go to the roof. Houses were built in this way until the beginning of the 20th century, but the increased number of storeys of buildings gradually pushed this method aside.
- In the second method, ventilation, upon reaching attic space, was covered with horizontal sealed boxes connected to a shaft that went out over the roof.
- With the third method, the most modern, ventilation first enters the attic, which plays the role of an intermediate ventilation chamber. After that, the air enters the outside, passing through one common ventilation shaft.
We will not consider the first option, since it is not currently used - we will focus on the second and third methods.
In the second option, the following happens: air from all floors rises up through the channels, to the level of the attic, falling into a horizontal connected box, equipped in the attic room. During this, the air flow hits the cover of the horizontal ventilation duct. The air flow is slightly deviated towards the ventilation shaft, but if the internal section of the horizontal attic box is insufficient, a section appears in the box high blood pressure, due to which the air seeks an outlet to the outside through any nearby opening, for example, a ventilation shaft and an upper floor duct.
In the event that the section of the box is sufficient, but the cover is mounted very low, then the same process occurs - reverse thrust - the air flow does not have time to deviate towards the ventilation shaft in time, which entails a blow. The ventilation of the upper floor is “pressed through” by the reflected air flow, which is why odors from the lower floors fall into this particular room. To get rid of this, you can resort to two methods - global and local.
The global method involves an increase in the cross section of the attic horizontal junction box by changing its height by about 2-3 times, followed by the installation of some devices inside the box, called "cuts". Keep in mind that all these works must be carried out by experienced professionals. In addition, remember that it is not recommended to increase the section of the duct in cases where the ventilation shaft with reverse side attached exactly the same boxes.
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The local method involves separating the channels of the upper floor from the general air flow, followed by introduction into the ventilation shaft over the duct. You will need to carefully insulate these individual channels to avoid disturbing the temperature and humidity regime of the attic.
According to the third option, ventilation works in almost all modern high-rise buildings. In most cases, ventilation on the upper floors in such houses is not accompanied by a reverse draft, but a weakened one. Air, in such cases, when it enters the channel, passes only about 30 cm vertically, after which it dissipates without having time to gain speed and strength. As a result, ventilation does not disappear, but air exchange on the upper floors is noticeably reduced. With open intersections and entrance doors in the attic, a strong draft can occur, due to which the draft on the upper floors becomes worse.
To eliminate this problem, it is necessary to increase the individual channels of the upper floor, the diameter of which is usually 140 mm. Pipes of the same diameter are put on these holes, and the joints are carefully covered with alabaster. The pipes are brought out to a height of 1 meter and slightly tilted towards the common shaft in such a way that the air flow that rises from below and passes next to the brought out pipes draws air flows from the channels of the upper floor.
In apartment buildings, each apartment is equipped with a supply and exhaust ventilation system. As a rule, the ventilation scheme is as follows: in bathrooms, kitchens and bathrooms there are exhaust openings, and fresh air is supplied by ventilation of the premises.
Natural supply and exhaust ventilation of a residential building
High-quality work of supply and exhaust ventilation is able to fully provide a microclimate suitable for a person in the room. If unpleasant odors regularly appear in the room, and the windows fog up, this is a good reason to check the work. ventilation work. If the check showed bad job system, it is likely that the ventilation shaft is clogged.
Scheme of the device of natural supply and exhaust ventilation in an apartment building How to make the ventilation work in the apartment with your own hands
How to clean the ventilation in the apartment
If you decide to clean the ventilation, then keep in mind that the tenants apartment buildings do not have the right to carry out independent installation of engineering communications used by other people. Cleaning or repair of the ventilation shaft must be carried out only by specialists from the relevant organizations. If the ventilation and air conditioning of the house is not working, the only thing you can do is to remove the grate from air vent and remove the debris in it with a vacuum cleaner (or manually).
In some cases, it happens that the exhaust system is in good condition, but unpleasant odors and misted windows still make themselves felt. This can often be observed in apartments where plastic windows. In this case, there are two ways to solve the problem: regular ventilation of the rooms or installation of additional supply valves.
Drawing and installation diagram ventilation valve on the window Supply valves are usually installed in holes behind radiators, which allows fresh air to warm up a little when it enters the room. The diameter of the holes is usually in the range of 6-10 cm. According to the types of construction, valves are divided into several types. Some, for example, have a plug that can be opened manually if necessary. More modern models equipped with special sensors that can respond to changes in the level of humidity in the room, in right moment by opening a valve that lets in fresh outside air. Many valves have a set of filter elements.
In most cases, natural ventilation in old houses is not able to provide required volume fresh air, so many people install air conditioners. This device cannot completely replace the ventilation system, but it can purify and humidify the air in the apartment.
Forced ventilation in a panel house
Forced ventilation comes to the rescue in cases where natural ventilation is not able to cope with the tasks assigned to it. It is impossible to completely install it on your own, since in each case its project has its own characteristics. In the event that you need to install ventilation in one-room apartment, you can purchase a simple monoblock device.
For the most high-quality ventilation of each room, it will be necessary to install air ducts, the installation of which can be carried out by any person. Usually ducts are installed under false ceiling or built into walls.
