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Which house is better: frame or profiled timber? Which house is better - frame or timber: comparative characteristics by various parameters Which house to choose frame or timber

Log cabins or frame structures? What technology to choose for building a house for permanent residence? Each technology has strengths and weaknesses.

Since the appearance in Russia frame technology construction there is a lot of debate about the advantages and disadvantages of such houses and technology in general. For us, this technology is absolutely new, although in Europe such houses became traditional a couple of centuries ago. Our grandfathers used to build houses from logs and timber. The log house is a tradition of Russian architecture. What is better: timber houses or frame houses? Of course, each technology has advantages and disadvantages, and it is necessary to evaluate each of the houses from different parties. We will try to be objective and consider a log cabin and a frame house from different angles.

What is a log house and a frame house?

Before comparing a frame house and a timber building, it is necessary to briefly talk about the principles of construction for each of the technologies. The construction of the foundation, roofing and finishing works are very similar in many respects (perhaps the foundation for frame house will be a little easier). The key differences between these technologies lie within the walls of the house. It is about the erection of walls that we will talk a little about, so that beginners in the field of construction have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe compared structures.

Log cabin

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

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The walls of a log cabin are built from massive or glued wooden beams. wall thickness and thermal insulation properties(without the use of additional insulation) depends only on overall dimensions selected material.

Timber houses can be built from several material options:

• Sawn timber- ordinary sawn lumber of natural moisture or natural drying. The walls are erected using additional seals between the crowns (jute, moss, tow) and fixed along the height of the wall with the help of dowels;
• Profiled timber of natural humidity or chamber drying - planed massive material, equipped with a tongue and groove, which allows installation without additional seals;
• Glued laminated timber- the same profiled version, except that in its production glued chamber-drying material is used as a raw material. This allows you to avoid shrinkage at home and make a beam free of defects, cracks and deformations during installation;
• Minibar, or technology of construction from a double bar. The walls are built from a milled board with a tongue and groove, section 47x140 mm. The technology is very young and more similar to frame houses, so we will not take into account such buildings to compare the two technologies.

Frame house

The erection of the walls of a frame house consists of several stages:

• The construction of the frame;
• Sheathing of the frame on one side;
• Filling the frame with insulation;
• Sewing the second side of the frame.

In addition to the frame and insulation, building films or membranes of various types are also laid in the walls, depending on the design of the walls and the insulation used.

This is precisely the main difference between the two technologies: log houses are almost entirely made of wood, the wall of a frame house consists of dissimilar materials.

Let's take a closer look at the pros and cons of each technology.

The cost of building a house

Which is cheaper: or a log house? The question is very controversial, especially when it comes to building a house for permanent residence. Of course, we are talking about houses of the same area and layout.

The price of a house from a bar depends on the chosen material. Houses made of sawn timber can cost 50-60% less than houses made of glued analog. On the other hand, sawn material may require additional cladding, but only wall sanding can be dispensed with.

The price of a frame house largely depends on the chosen insulation and materials for exterior and interior cladding. The most economical option is to use mineral heaters, and OSB-3 as a sheathing.

If the budget does not allow you to purchase expensive building materials, then your choice should fall on a frame house. This is due not only to lower costs for the construction of walls and roofs of the house, but also to the costs of the foundation. With equal area and layout of the house for frame structure a less solid foundation at a much lower cost would be required.

When working with expensive sheathing materials, glued frame material (as the traditions of the Finnish frame housing construction) a frame house for permanent residence will cost you more, because building a house from glued beams practically does not require subsequent finishing. The walls are only treated with protective paintwork materials.

Reliability and durability of the house

The price should not play a decisive role, because the built house should give you a feeling of coziness and comfort, security and confidence in the future. It is for this that the durability and strength of your structure will be responsible.

When using materials of the same quality category, log houses, of course, are superior to frame structures in terms of strength. But here it is necessary to make a reservation about the complexity of the project. When building a house with big amount large openings, the strength of a timber building is sharply reduced. The strength and reliability of such a building significantly depends on the presence of solid beam runs along the entire length of the wall. The construction of a similar frame structure does not impair the rigidity of the structure, but requires high qualification in the calculation of the frame and its implementation.

The service life of log houses can be judged by the buildings erected by our great-grandfathers. About durability frame structures we cannot yet judge on Russian experience, because we began to build such houses only in the 60s of the 20th century. In Europe and Canada, such structures have served for more than 100 years, but the experience of their construction there is much higher. The durability of a log house depends on the quality of wood, the service life of a frame house depends on many factors: the quality of building materials (including wood), compliance with technology, qualifications of specialists, and the quality of work performed.

If we talk about the Russian construction market, then the frame house is much inferior in terms of durability to the log house, the reliability of the structure depends on the layout, but even here the log house rather wins, especially when using glued beams.

Which house is warmer and more comfortable

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

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With an equal wall thickness, a frame house significantly outperforms a log house. This is due to the much lower coefficient of thermal conductivity of wood and any insulation that is used for frame structures.

Another important indicator is the microclimate inside the house. Here log houses are much superior to the frame house. The wood wall has excellent air exchange with environment. This explains why a log house is cool and oxygen-rich on a hot day. The frame house does not have air exchange with the environment through the walls, this is achieved only with the help of an additional forced ventilation, which cannot control the oxygen content, humidity and temperature inside the house and in the environment.

Environmental friendliness of the structure

Since we mentioned the comfort in the house, we must not forget about the harm and benefits to human health.

Timber houses are built on the basis of exclusively environmentally friendly material - wood. The most common for construction are coniferous woods, which, in addition to excellent performance, have phytoncidal properties, that is, they disinfect the surrounding air.

The construction of a frame house will require the use of many materials. Each of them, of course, has safety certificates, but it's still not natural materials. So, in this criterion, log cabins win.

Choice of projects, layouts and appearance

Here, a frame house and a log house made of timber stand on the same step. Each of these designs is not limited in facade options and interior layout. Both technologies make it possible to implement the most daring architectural ideas. Everything will depend only on the professionalism of the contractor implementing this project.

However, the issue of redevelopment of the house should be noted. In buildings made of timber, almost all partitions are cut into load-bearing walls, which makes it almost impossible to move them. In a frame house, there are few or no load-bearing partitions, which makes it easy to transfer or remove partitions during operation.

house building speed

Here you should be aware of two construction options: under the roof and turnkey. The construction of a house from a bar and a frame house under the roof takes almost the same time.

During turnkey construction (with finishing and communications), an allowance should be made for shrinkage of log cabins. Frame houses are practically devoid of this drawback. When building a house from a bar of natural moisture or natural drying, you will have to wait at least 1 year before finishing. Even houses made of glued beams are not without shrinkage.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

Ask an expert

Frame-based buildings are built faster, especially if you take into account the time spent on building the foundation. After all, a frame house can be built on the basis of ready-made concrete piles or on the basis of screw supports.

Ease of construction in the case of building a house with your own hands

If we do not take into account the construction of a house from sawn timber, then an almost finished set of walls is brought to the construction site. You have a plan of the house and a technological map of the assembly of the log house, which indicates the location of each element. Each element of the kit has a label. The wall assembly technology can be worked out on the first 2-3 crowns, any errors can be corrected by removing the timber.

Another thing is the construction of the frame. At your disposal is a beam, a set of fasteners and your hands. Even if you have a detailed drawing with a specification of the dimensions of each of the elements, considerable skills in the field of woodworking will be required. Minor errors in the work with the frame can lead to problems with sheathing, insulation or finishing. Both a log house and a frame house will require a small set of tools.

Conclusion

In many ways, a frame building lags behind a house made of timber. But if we take into account the low cost, speed of construction and high energy efficiency of a frame-based house, it becomes clear why the construction of residential buildings using frame technology is becoming more widespread throughout Russia.

A frame house is a structure made of boards or timber, which forms the frame of walls, ceilings and roofs. On both sides, the frame racks are sheathed with wood or particle boards, and insulation is laid inside. Thus, thanks to the frame, the house turns out to be strong enough to withstand natural disasters, but economical, since it takes little wood to build racks, floor beams and roofs.

Low price It is also due to the fact that for such light buildings it is not necessary to make a strong and heavy foundation, a columnar or tape shallow foundation is enough. Modern heaters - mineral wool, ecowool, expanded polystyrene - make it possible to make the building protected from the cold even during severe frosts. The fact that frame houses have been successfully built for several centuries in Scandinavian countries and Canada, speaks of good thermal insulation at home.

Frame houses are very easy to build, with a good design, care and accuracy, even a person who has no experience in the construction business can build a good house.

To disadvantages frame houses, especially in comparison with timber, refer to their fragility. If desired, external walls, upholstered with OSB on the outside and drywall inside, can be broken or even broken with a fist, and in order to hang heavy shelves, a cornice with bulky curtains or a horizontal bar on the wall, it is necessary to additionally strengthen it.

Only those buildings can be called good frame houses, during the construction of which specially prepared materials were used: the tree must be well dried artificial method and protected from moisture until the time of construction, it should also be treated with compounds that prevent decay; the insulation must be of high quality and dry; be sure to use a vapor barrier inside houses and waterproofing from the outside. It is very important not to confuse the sequence of creating the so-called wall pie, otherwise moisture will penetrate into the insulation, which will lose its properties.

Advantages and disadvantages of timber houses

Timber houses are much more impressive and stronger than frame houses; they are built entirely from profiled timber. It is very difficult to break a wall of solid wood, so such buildings seem reliable. But due to the strength and heavy weight of such a house, it is necessary to make a more powerful foundation, which is more expensive.

The timber itself is cheaper than dried wood, but the amount of wood is also required more. And in the northern regions, it is necessary to additionally insulate such a house. But you can save on exterior and interior decoration - a log house looks attractive even without decoration. But not everyone is ready to live in a house with interior walls from a bar, so in most cases they are closed anyway.

Since such a house shrinks, you need to wait a year before finishing work.

Timber houses are usually more durable than frame houses, they can last several decades. But to build such a building is harder, you need experience in construction and significant help in the labor force.

Frame and timber houses are the most inexpensive types of buildings. They are often built for seasonal residence And periodic use. Also, these technologies are used to build houses for permanent residence with year-round living. Which is better - a frame house or a house made of timber? And is it possible to combine their advantages and build a timber frame house?

Frame or timber: advantages and disadvantages

When deciding which house is cheaper, frame or timber, you need to understand that the main advantage of frame technology is the lowest possible construction price and the most short time. Within a month you will be able to move into new house. It will look the way you want it to. The outer walls of the frame can imitate any surface, be sheathed with wood, siding or covered with plaster. Quite often found in a frame house - an imitation of a bar or a rounded log.

The main advantage of building from a wooden beam is its environmental friendliness and durability. Unlike frame houses, there is no need to build ventilation. At the same time, the air inside the room will always be fresh, thoughts - bright, and the head - light. Living in a wooden house is great in the full sense of the word.

From a bar with an attic.

Disadvantages of a wooden house from a bar

• Wooden walls made of timber require annual maintenance. They must be protected from moisture with a special coating (paint, varnish). With poor protection against getting wet, a wooden house can rot within 10 years.
• Wooden structure requires shrinkage. Therefore, you can complete the interior decoration and move into a new house only a year after the completion of the construction of the box. And when using a special dried timber - after 6 months. The percentage of shrinkage of a wooden beam is 10-15%.
• With insufficient thickness of the beam wooden walls require insulation, in which the main meaning of building from natural wood is lost. Insulated walls cease to "breathe", turn into the inner lining of the "frame" house.

And now let's consider what is easier - to build a house from a bar or from a frame, insulation and wall cladding.

We understand the schemes for the construction of a frame house

Features of the construction of frame houses

Frame houses are assembled from individual parts Location on. In addition to pouring the foundation, there are no other wet processes in frame construction. That is, after the construction of the foundation, all other work can be performed at any time of the year at any street temperature.

The assembly of the frame takes place according to ready-made schemes from ready-made parts and resembles a game of constructor. The lower harness is attached to the finished base, and then the upper harness and roofing logs, then the roof rafters. All connections are made on bolts, screws and anchors, depending on the required strength. If necessary, the frame house can be dismantled and built on a different site and a different foundation.

Wall decoration from the inside and outside is carried out directly on top of the wall cladding. It does not require additional alignment of the walls. If desired, you can do without wall decoration, if you sheathe the house from the inside with ready-made wall panels, for example, MDF.

When building a frame, a minimum of professional building skills is required. It is enough to acquire and strictly follow it. You'll get guaranteed result in the form of a new residential building.

Construction from a bar, the complexity of construction.

Features of construction from a bar

Timber construction is the most inexpensive option building a house out of wood. It uses profiled rectangular section timber with grooves/lugs for a better connection.

It is easier to build from profiled timber than from rounded or solid logs. The walls are "assembled" by laying the timber on top of each other, inserting the protrusions into the grooves. A sealant is laid between adjacent bars.

The professionalism of builders is necessary when arranging corners wooden house. Here you need to make special cuts, recesses, for a tight connection.

From a bar always shrinks.

In order for wooden walls not to require insulation, it is necessary to build them from timber of sufficient thickness. For construction in temperate climate at least 200 mm of wood are needed. Walls made of timber 150 mm thick almost always need to be insulated.

The walls of a wooden structure are erected on concrete or. To prevent the walls from getting wet, waterproof additives are added to the foundation material, and larch wood is used for the lower row of timber. Also, in order to protect the walls from moisture, large roof extensions are made - 50-60 cm on each side of the house. And they build a reliable blind area - to prevent the soil from getting wet in close proximity to the wooden walls.

On a note

The main thing when building a house made of wood is to equip reliable drainage from the walls of the building.

Which house is warmer: frame or timber?

One of the main parameters that determines the choice of a house for winter and year-round living is the thermal conductivity of the walls. The lower it is, the less will be the consumption of firewood, coal or gas for heating the house, and the less money will be required to pay for heating. Which house is better, frame or timber? And which of them will be warmer in winter?

Insulation scheme from all sides.

Insulation of frame buildings is performed with mineral wool or polystyrene foam (SIP panels). The thermal conductivity coefficient of these materials is:

• For mineral wool - 0.041-0.045.
• For expanded polystyrene - 0.036-0.038.

The thermal conductivity of mineral wool is higher than that of polystyrene foam. This means that for the arrangement of an energy-saving frame house with mineral wool insulation, a large wall thickness is needed. For example, for winter temperatures of -20°C, 12 cm of polystyrene foam or 18 cm of mineral wool are needed. Which is equivalent to the heat capacity of 1 m of a brick wall.

At the same outdoor temperatures, 45 cm of wood will be needed for high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. That is, for the construction of a wooden house from a bar without thermal insulation for winter temperatures of -20 ° C, it is necessary to lay a bar with a thickness of 450 mm.

Masonry walls from profiled timber.

With the right arrangement of walls, taking into account climatic temperatures, both houses can be warm. Then the decision of the issue, frame or timber house - which is better, will determine the price. Wooden walls will cost much more than frame arrangement.

On a note

To reduce the cost of building a house from a bar, the walls are often erected from a less thick bar and insulated from the outside with cotton wool insulation.

House building speed

Another important indicator that often affects the decision of which house is better - frame or timber, is the speed of construction and the time it takes to get a turnkey house. As a rule, for a frame construction, the construction time is minimal and is one or two months.

During this time, a team of several workers manages to pour the foundation, assemble the frame, equip the roof, insulate and sheathe the walls, as well as complete the interior decoration and wiring of engineering networks. At the same time, it is possible to finish the frame house with an imitation of timber and a very attractive external design of the building. On your own, these works can be completed in a season, sometimes attracting the help of a friend, brother or neighbor.

Stage of building a house.

Building a house from a wooden beam is longer. You can simply pour the foundation, assemble the walls and hang the roof within one to two months. However, in this house it is impossible to immediately install windows and doors, to perform interior and exterior wall decoration. The beam must settle down, "sit down".

The standing time is determined by the dryness of the wood. For an ordinary bar, it is a year. For special dried - up to 6 months. After - mount windows and doors, perform interior decoration.

Reliability of construction

Under the reliability of the house in the philistine discussion is often understood as its strength, the ability to withstand hurricane wind loads, seismic tremors and burglary. A comparison of a frame and a timber house here is in favor of wooden buildings. Wooden walls are heavier than frame walls, and therefore they put more pressure on the ground, better resist the winds.

We build with our own hands in the summer.

Wooden walls are also harder to destroy or break through. They can be set on fire, but the walls of a frame house are also flammable. Therefore, a wooden house better protects against burglary and illegal actions.

Frame walls have some advantage for seismically unstable regions. When the earth's surface oscillates, a frame house assembled on screws and screws turns out to be stronger and more stable than a wooden house made of timber. However, if your region is not seismic, this feature of the frame structure can be ignored to decide which house, frame or timber, is better to build.

DIY construction.

Timber frame house

The choice of the type of building, frame or timber, takes into account a number of factors - the weight of the walls, the cost of construction, the time frame, the need for professional skills, insulation issues and the heat capacity of the walls. Often frame buildings are chosen due to the best price and high speed erection. And wooden ones are built with the availability of money and preference for natural materials.

Combining the advantages of these two types of buildings leads to a new technology - a timber frame house with wooden outer / inner walls and insulation inside the skin. Such a structure is quite inexpensive, it is environmentally friendly and retains heat well. What exactly to choose and build on the site is up to you.

Wood is the most environmentally friendly material for the construction of private houses than, for example, concrete. Fortunately, this resource is plentiful in our country, therefore, frame and beam structures, which are manufactured using new technologies, thereby reducing the forces and overall construction costs, are available to many of our citizens. In connection with the newly revived tradition of building wooden housing, the majority have a question, which house is better frame or timber.

This topic is raised correctly, since both types of buildings have their advantages and disadvantages. It would seem that both options are made of lumber, but if you delve into all the nuances, then the difference between such buildings is significant.

Therefore, before creating a project, if a dilemma arises, which is better to build a house, you first need to study all the available aspects in favor of one type or another. This will make the choice easier.

All existing types of houses differ in the following parameters:

1. Strength.
2. Price.
3. Difficulty/ease of construction.
4. Architectural and design parameters.
5. Environmental friendliness.

So, if the developer has chosen a material such as wood, in order to decide which house is better - from a bar or frame, we will consider each item separately. After all, only having full information, a person is able to make the right choice.

Strength qualities of frame and timber houses

If you start from this parameter when the question arises, what is better than a frame house or from a bar, then you can give an unambiguous answer: the first option is inferior to the second. The thing is that, as long-term practice has shown, frame structures are designed to be used for approximately 25 years.

After this time, it is imperative to change the bearing racks for such structures, since they are usually made from a simple bar, on which, no matter how it is processed during the construction process, natural phenomena in any case, they have a negative impact.

The service life is about 50 years. But when building such houses, there is one nuance that needs to be taken into account. The thing is that before the advent of glued beams, profiled material was mainly used, which did not pass special treatment on high-tech equipment in the factory.

Therefore, timber structures were more susceptible to negative influence external environment. Especially it concerns . Now, with the advent of laminated timber, houses built from this type of timber can supposedly last more than 80 years. True, exact data is not yet available, since glued wood is considered a relatively new building material.

Comparison of the cost of frame and timber houses

When the question arises, what is better than a log house or a frame house, almost every developer is primarily concerned with the economic aspect. The total cost of housing is one of the most important criteria that every future home owner is guided by.

There is an opinion among the people that the frame version is much cheaper than a timber structure, but most are mistaken. In fact, if you delve deeper, then the price for both types of houses is almost the same. Let's take a closer look at why this is the result.

Frame house pricing

The final cost of frame structures will directly depend on the chosen material from which structural elements such as vertical racks, horizontal piping, and so on are constructed. It can be either an ordinary bar, the price of which is not so high, or a metal profile.

Note! When using metal to create a frame, the cost of housing immediately increases by about 20-30%.

In addition, the generally accepted instruction for the construction of frame housing requires the laying of insulation and a wind and waterproofing layer, covering the frame with euro-lining, siding, polystyrene foam or wood-fiber panels. Also, for these buildings, external and external fine finish walls.

As you know, this will require materials that cost a lot of money, so the price for building frame houses in the end is not at all budgetary.

There are many nuances in the technology of building frame buildings, which, in order for the house to turn out to be reliable, warm and durable, must be observed. Since this requires certain knowledge, not everyone will be able to build a high-quality frame structure with their own hands.

In this regard, the construction of such houses should be trusted only to specialists, and since the whole procedure takes place, as it were, in one go, the future homeowner should immediately have the necessary amount with him. In some cases, this significantly complicates the task for a person, because many people usually rely on gradual costs when building a house.

Note! In a frame-panel building, the price of one square meter largely determined by the choice of insulation and material for sheathing. So, using SIP-panels, such houses are built faster and their cost is much lower than, for example, using OSB-boards.

Timber house pricing

If the question arose of which glued laminated timber or frame is cheaper, then there are the following important factors in favor of the first option:

1. During construction, all funds are mainly spent on the purchase of glued beams. Despite the fact that its cost is considered high, however, this is fully compensated by the absence of the need to produce wall cladding in such housing.
2. In addition, glued wood, which is manufactured according to the latest technologies, experts, on the contrary, do not recommend finishing with anything, since at the exit the beam already has a natural beauty, which gives the house a natural style. Consequently, the owner of future housing does not need to spend the budget on the purchase finishing materials, and this will significantly affect the final cost of timber housing.
3. Since glued timber is produced with a tongue-and-groove system, thanks to which all structural elements are very tightly connected to each other, there is no need to install hydro and heat-insulating layers in houses made of this material. It also significantly saves costs.

Thus, if we compare the costs of material for sheathing, thermal insulation and finishing of a frame house, for which, by the way, you will have to hire specialists and, therefore, pay them for their work, it turns out that log housing can end up being even cheaper. Especially if you collect it with your own hands.

lumber volume calculator

A simple calculator looks like this:

Comparison of the degree of labor intensity in the construction of frame and timber houses

As mentioned above, the device of frame-panel walls resembles a kind of “pie”, consisting of the following elements:

• inner lining;
• frame;
• vapor barrier;
• thermal insulation;
• wind and waterproofing;
• outer cladding.

In turn, structures made of glued wood have a not so complicated device: their walls practically consist of one beam (not counting fasteners). In addition, this material is manufactured according to design data and it remains only to assemble it as a designer. Also now there are innovative ways of assembling timber houses, which at times simplify and speed up the entire construction process.

In this regard, the construction of frame structures is considered a more time-consuming and complex process than the construction of housing from a bar. By the way, if the question is being decided which bath is better from a bar or a frame one, then the choice should be made based on the criteria listed above and below. In other words, all aspects concern not only structures intended for housing.

Comparative characteristics of the architectural and design parameters of timber and frame structures

If we are talking about the construction of housing on a complex project, then the frame version is the leader in comparison with the timber version, since the technology of this construction itself contributes to the creation of unusual and complex configurations.

From the bar, the structures are simpler, but, nevertheless, they are not inferior in beauty to the frame, as they look more airy and natural. If the owner of the future home starts from this criterion, then the choice will already be individual, since everyone has different tastes.

Comparison of frame and timber structures in terms of environmental and other parameters

When choosing a type of housing, its safe parameters are important for any person. Unfortunately, often the concept modern materials”, which, by the way, get off with frame-panel buildings, do not meet the necessary environmental standards, so the beam definitely wins in this point as well.

Timber structures keep heat indoors better than frame structures, in which heat transfer is higher. Accordingly, in order to warm panel house, more costs will be required.

In addition, houses made of glued laminated timber have a small specific gravity and, therefore, their shrinkage percentage is very small. Thanks to this, such housing can be occupied immediately after its construction.

Conclusion

Building a house is one of the most important events in a person’s life, so the choice of its type should be approached with all care. Judging by everything, it turns out that log houses are more reliable, more beautiful and more comfortable.

The video in this article will help you finally make a choice between a timber and a frame house.

If earlier getting an apartment in a high-rise building was the ultimate dream of many Russians living in the private sector, today there is exactly the opposite trend. Accordingly, the overall scale of the construction of their own homes is growing rapidly. This is facilitated by the fact that in the construction industry they have become publicly available and have begun to be widely used technologies that have been successfully used for decades in other countries. Any future owner of a house, choosing its design, drawing up a project and calculating the amount of necessary materials, tries to reduce costs as much as possible, but at the same time trying to get a high-quality, warm and durable building.

It would seem that the spread of technology frame construction, which previously could not be attributed to the traditional for our country, took the edge off many problems. However, the practice of building operation has shown that the result, alas, does not always meet expectations. And frame structures failed to displace the technology of building houses from timber. So the question of what is better a frame house or from a bar still remains relevant, since both designs have their advantages and disadvantages. When choosing one of these options, one should take into account many nuances regarding the climatic conditions of the region of residence, the technology of building a house, and the comparative cost of projects.

What timber is used to build houses

It is necessary to immediately say that in both cases the main material of construction is. But the assembly of the walls of the house is carried out according to different technologies. In one case, the beam performs only load-bearing functions, in the other, it becomes the only wall material.

Wooden houses have always been distinguished by their warmth, durability and strength. Subject to choice quality material, compliance with construction technology and the rules for subsequent operation, they can serve for many decades without needing major repairs.

The beam has the same basic characteristics as a log, while it compares favorably with a much simpler installation technology. This is due to the very shape of the material.

Today, two types of timber are presented on the construction market - it is solid and glued.

• A solid beam is made from a log, from which, during the manufacturing process, rounded parts are cut off to obtain the required square or rectangular section. This option is the most affordable material.

• Glued laminated timber is assembled from well-dried and carefully processed and fitted lamella boards. Their number and thickness may vary.

If the requirements of the technology were observed in the manufacture of this material, then it differs high quality and aesthetic appearance. Glued laminated timber, unlike ordinary sawn timber, is more durable, practically does not give deformation even in not the most favorable operating conditions. The advantages of glued beams also include the absence of shrinkage of the material. Therefore, using it to build a house, finishing work can be done immediately after construction is completed. According to these parameters, it is much more suitable for

However, glued laminated timber has a rather high cost, since selected wood is usually used for its manufacture. And the manufacturing technology itself is also quite expensive.

Glued laminated timber made from different types of wood is considered to be of the highest quality. So, the outer layers of the timber are often assembled from larch resistant to external influences, and the inner ones from pine, which has a lower thermal conductivity.

Both solid and glued beams can have flat surfaces or profiled ones.

A profiled beam on its two opposite faces is given a rather complex relief, which can vary in its depth and shape. But in any case, it is designed for strong joining of parts according to the "thorn-comb" principle, which increases the overall strength of the walls, and simplifies installation, and eliminates cold bridges, especially when correct use high-quality interventional insulation.

Several popular profile types are shown in the illustration below. In fact, their diversity is much wider.

The walls of cobbled houses are erected from profiled timber. And for the construction of frame structures, lumber with the usual rectangular or square section is used.

Design features of block and frame houses

To decide on the choice of design, you need to know what each of them represents. Therefore, in this section, their features will be considered.

Bar prices

block log house

Some general construction details

A house made of timber is built approximately according to the same technology as a log house. And, in fact, is modernized design of traditional chopped hut. For its construction, glued profiled or ordinary timber can be used.

If the house is being built for, then the size of the beam section should be at least 200 × 200 mm. It means that, more likely, you will have to purchase glued material, since it is rather difficult to acquire a high-quality batch of solid timber of such parameters.

For suburban summer buildings, a lumber size of 100 × 100 or 150 × 150 mm in cross section is suitable. If a beam of this size is chosen for a permanent structure, the walls will need to be insulated. For this purpose, mineral wool is most often used.

A feature of a block log house built from ordinary sawn material is its very considerable and prolonged shrinkage, which can last up to a year. Therefore, the installation of windows and doors in openings, as well as wall insulation and exterior finishes, will have to be postponed until the walls take their final stable position.

Many craftsmen, when building a block log house, do not make window and door openings at all until the walls are completely shrunk, in order to avoid their deformation. In this case, a small door is cut out, just to allow access into the building. Well, after shrinkage, the opening is cut to the required size. The remaining openings for installing windows are only marked out and also cut out after the house is ready for finishing.

In another variant, an example of which is shown in the illustration, all openings are fastened until the time with a solid beam, which will not allow them to deform. After shrinkage of the structure, the jumper beams are cut to the width of the openings.

Connecting parts when building a cobbled house

When choosing one of the types of timber for building a house, you need to know how it is docked at the corners of the house and, if necessary, its lengthening, that is, decide on the choice of connections.

Information about this should be obtained in advance so that the complexity of the work can be estimated. The joining of the beam may differ from the connection used in the construction of a log cabin, since, unlike the latter, more mounting options have been developed.

There are two types of main types of compounds - these are "in a cup" (with a remainder) and "in a paw" (without a remainder). But, in turn, each of them is divided into several varieties:

• Docking at the corners “into a cup” can be done in several ways, but the most popular of them are “in okryap”, “in fat tail” and a simple connection “in half a tree”:

- Most often, a simple “half-tree” connection is used, when a cutout on a beam is made on one side. This docking method is the most popular due to its maximum ease of implementation.

- “In the fat tail” is a rather complicated connection, since a kind of spike is formed in the main cutout, and a groove is cut out for it on the other side of the beam. This method of docking ensures the effectiveness of thermal insulation in the corners. But it will require good carpentry skills.

- Connection " in ohryap" guarantees a rigid and durable docking of elements wooden structure. It is used quite often in both cobbled and log cabins.

• When connecting in a non-residue way, that is, without protrusions of the beam beyond the main surface of the wall, there are more options for joining wooden elements. The most commonly used ones are shown in the diagram below:

- “On the root spike” - this method involves cutting on one joined beam from the end of the protrusion-spike, and on the other, on its inner side, a groove corresponding in size to the spike. Additionally docked elements are fixed with wooden dowels driven into the corner part, as well as along the entire length of the beam in increments of 350÷400 mm.

- "On the plug-in spike." In this case, in one beam from the end, and in the other on the side, grooves are cut out so that when joining the holes coincide with each other. After that, a spike is cut out, corresponding in size to two combined grooves. After laying the mating parts, this spike is driven into the formed channel. Additionally, the beam is fastened with the dowels laid earlier along the entire length.

- “In half a tree with a plug-in spike” - this docking option involves cuts from the ends of each of the bars to the same distance from the edge and half their thickness. Additionally, grooves are cut from the edges of the joined part of the beam, which must also be aligned. After laying the wall parts in place, a spike is driven into the grooves. Wooden dowels are also driven in along the entire length of the beam.

- "In the paw" - this connection has the simplest cutout on the end side of the timber. It is somewhat reminiscent of the cutout that is made when forming the “half-tree” docking, but differs in that it is performed under a slope. On the lower beam, the slope is formed from the edge of its end, and on the upper beam, from the inner side to the outer. That is, when they are connected in the corner, the sections should be tightly pressed against each other, and the direction of the resulting force vector ensures the strength of the created corner node.

Whichever option for cutting the timber is chosen, the surfaces of the cutouts, as well as the spikes and grooves, must be perfectly even and smooth. Otherwise, high-quality joining of parts may not work, or gaps will form that will reduce the thermal insulation qualities of a wooden wall.

Glued laminated timber prices

glued laminated timber

Advantages and disadvantages of cobbled construction

If you choose a paving construction of a house, you need to know not only about its merits. Information about the shortcomings is also very important, since they also exist and may well come as a surprise to the owners of the building during the construction of the house and its subsequent operation.

TO benefits cobbled house can be attributed to the following characteristic features:

• The beam is a natural material, and if the optimal thickness for local conditions is chosen for the construction of the house, additional insulation in the form of mineral wool will not be required. Therefore, the house will be an environmentally friendly building. In addition, it is important to choose a quality seal for interventional sealing, for example, based on natural felt or linen fibers, which interact well with wood and are also environmentally friendly materials.

What materials are used for interventional insulation?

The disadvantages of building a cobbled house include the following points:

• The large massiveness of each part does not allow you to install the walls of a cobbled house on your own. To carry out construction work, assistants will definitely be required, and sometimes you cannot do without special lifting equipment.
• A rather long period of shrinkage does not allow you to start finishing and operating the house immediately after its construction.
• Walls made of timber, which has a small thickness, will require additional insulation, and hence subsequent decorative cladding with clapboard or block house. Therefore, if you plan to save on timber, you will have to pay for Additional materials.
• If glued laminated timber is chosen for construction, then you should know that it will cost several times more than usual. But its advantage is that the material practically does not shrink, therefore, to finishing work you can start immediately after the construction of the house.

• Even glued timber can be of poor quality, which will manifest itself after a certain time. This can manifest itself on its end sides in the form of sticking of lamella boards and their cracking under the influence of external natural influence.
• In case of violation of the installation technology of a conventional beam, as well as due to neglect of the need to process its surfaces and ends special formulations, deformation or cracking of wood along the fibers may occur.

Frame houses

Frame construction in last years became an alternative to the construction of houses from timber. Frame buildings have a considerable number positive qualities However, they also have some very serious shortcomings. In order to understand the features of such structures, it is necessary to consider them in more detail.

There are several types of frame buildings, which differ from each other in the principles of assembly and use various materials. You need to know that if you make the right choice in favor of a particular frame, you can significantly save money, reduce the construction time of the building and save your own strength.

There are four main types of frame structures - these are frame, continuous, frame-panel or panel and half-timbered or rack-and-beam. In some cases, when building a frame house, several of the above options are used simultaneously. However, the construction of any of the varieties of the frame is carried out from an ordinary beam, which can have a different cross-sectional size. This parameter of the material depends, as a rule, on the massiveness of the structure being created - after all, it is on the beam that the load-bearing functions are assigned.

Frame frame construction

The frame structure is otherwise called pallet or platform, "American" or installation work.

The pallet construction method is based on the principle of building walls on a platform or on a pallet. And, it does not really matter what material and how the base is formed.

On the formed base, for example, on one of the types of foundation, frame wall structures are mounted. They are lifted, leveled, fastened and tied together with boards. After that, the upper strapping is made and the installation of the floor platform is carried out.

The advantage of this method of construction is the ability to build independently, without the involvement of assistants. This factor is especially important if it is decided to build the house alone, saving on the construction team.

Further, the installed frame of the walls is filled with insulating material. Most often, a mineral is chosen for this purpose. stone wool, which is closed from the outside with a windproof waterproofing membrane, and then sheathed with wooden clapboard, siding, ventilated facades are equipped, or another material is chosen.

From the inside, for wall cladding, moisture- and heat-resistant drywall, marked GKLVO, on which decorative trim is mounted, can be used. Drywall, as well as timber, is an environmentally friendly material. It is a good basis for any type of finish and creates a certain protection of the premises from the emission of binders (formaldehyde resins) that are part of the mineral wool.

It should be noted that today insulating materials have appeared on the market, consisting of environmentally friendly raw materials. For example, these are linen fiber mats, which perfectly resist external influences, are "breathable" and have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. However, in terms of cost, such material is significantly superior to mineral wool.

Siding prices

Solid frame construction

This design is called continuous because it is used to create the frame of the walls. solid timber, going from the base of the house up to its ridge and forming the pediment of the building.

This type of frame is well suited in cases where it is required not only to save on building material, but also to speed up the construction of the house. In addition, the continuous frame is perfect for building two-story house, or having an attic room, the total height of which corresponds lumber standards,which are 6000 and 4500 mm. If a house with an attic is being built, where the ceiling height of the first floor is 2500 mm, the attic is 1800 mm and the ceiling thickness is 200 mm, a beam with a length of 4500 mm is ideal.

If this type of frame is chosen, then it is necessary to ensure a very reliable fastening of the floor beams, since they will be not only logs for arranging the floors of the second floor, but also a strapping that fastens all the elements into a single structure. In addition, they will take on the load, preventing possible deformation of the racks that form the frame of the walls.

When choosing a beam for a continuous frame, you need to pay special attention to its quality, or use only glued beams from a trusted manufacturer for its construction. Naturally, special attention is paid to the verticality of the racks of the frame and the horizontality of the beams, strict adherence to all dimensions in accordance with the project.

Building a house on the principle of a continuous frame alone will not work. The work will require at least two assistants, and it is desirable that they have experience in the construction of frame structures.

The frame is sheathed in the same way as in the frame structure described above.

Panel or frame-panel house

This type of construction allows you to build a house in a very short time and is perhaps the most technologically advanced of all types of frame structures.

The frame-shield method of assembling houses is not at all new to Russia. Back in Soviet times, it was used for the rapid construction so-called "Finnish houses". However, those prefabricated buildings often did not meet the requirements for effective thermal insulation, so many owners made the decision to clad them with brickwork. This method of additional insulation significantly increased the level of living comfort in such buildings.

Today, frame-panel houses are assembled from SIP panels, which, having a standard thickness of 124 to 224 mm, have higher thermal insulation capabilities than a brick wall half a meter thick.

What is a SIP panel? For the manufacture of such large mounting parts, OSB sheets are used. different thickness, between which there is an insulating material - it can be polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam, as well as mineral stone wool.

SIP panels are often made to order according to a pre-designed house project. That is, according to this technology, ready-made parts of the walls of the building are made, which are assembled on a prepared foundation base, into a single structure.

There are also separate panels from which the walls of the house are built. Such plates are connected through a beam installed between them, self-tapping screws serve as fasteners, and an additional seal is polyurethane foam. Individual panels are most often mounted in a finished frame built from timber. That is, builders get rid of several stages of work, such as outer lining frame with OSB sheets, laying insulation and inner lining, since all these materials are combined in SIP panels and installed at the same time.

When using separate plates, their installation can be carried out by two or three people. If the elements of the house from this material are made according to the project to order, and represent finished walls with windows and doorways, then its assembly will require not only assistants, but also specialized lifting equipment.

If the rooms in the house have a small area, that is, the spans between the walls are small, then ready-made SIP panels can also be used as a ceiling. In addition, slabs are also used to form a floor platform, subject to the arrangement of a reliable monolithic foundation.

The advantages of this type of frame construction include the short construction time of the building. The disadvantage can be high cost factory made panels.

Prices for polyurethane foam

polyurethane foam

How to deal with facade decoration houses from SIP panels?

It is quite clear that no one wants to leave the “boring” appearance of OSB boards on the facade. Therefore, homeowners are trying to finish the walls, additionally giving them protection from external natural influences. One of the options - house cladding from SIP panels ceramic brick , and one of the regular readers of our portal shares the relevant experience.

The rack-and-beam method of assembling the frame is often called "German", since in Germany quite a few private houses are built using this technology. Its other name is half-timbered. This method of erecting frame houses can be considered the most traditional, as it has been used in construction for more than a dozen years.

The frame of the walls in this case is assembled from massive beams with a cross section of 150 × 150 or 200 × 200 mm, and powerful floor beams. Sometimes boards with a section of 150 ÷ ​​100 or 200 × 100 mm are used to form the frame, where a larger indicator will determine the thickness of the walls.

The main vertical and horizontal elements of the frame are additionally reinforced with jibs. Traditionally, all structural parts are fastened together by tie-in, which results in a strong and reliable frame.

However, in recent years, more and more often for fixing structural elements to each other are used metal corners and plates, so the assembly of the frame is much more expensive. The advantage of this approach in ensuring the connection of parts is the faster construction of the structure.

For insulation of half-timbered houses in its traditional version, clay-straw blocks that fill the space between the timber. True, these days, not many homeowners use this material as a heater, since its manufacture must be done independently, but this is enoughlabor intensive a procedure that is quite time consuming. But on the other hand, blocks made of clay mixed with chopped straw have a very low thermal conductivity, and a house insulated in this way is very comfortable.

The wall thickness of 200 mm is suitable for the construction of houses being built in the southern and central regions of the country. If construction is carried out in areas with very low winter temperatures, wait, the heater will have to be increased. Therefore, for this purpose, a special frame design was developed, which is called the "Russian half-timbered house".

Construction details are shown in the diagram with digital designations:

1 - Carrying the main beam - man.

2 - Racks of the outer front contour of the frame.

3 - Bottom trim.

4 - Top harness.

5 - Crossbar or board.

6 - jib, increasing the rigidity of the structure.

7 - Vertical post of the internal contour.

8 - Crossbar connecting the outer and inner contours.

9 - Strapping beam of the internal contour.

To insulate this design, a special material is used - rufalit, which is poured in layers inner space frame.

Rufalit is a gypsum-based mixture enriched with silicon modifiers and organic fillers, which are most often chopped straw. Thanks to this composition, a “breathable”, environmentally friendly material is obtained, which has antiseptic and high thermal insulation properties.

Before pouring a solution prepared from a dry mix, the frame is sheathed with a temporary removable formwork, which is covered waterproofing material. After the poured mixture hardens, the formwork is removed. The result of the work done will be a smooth warm wall. It can be sheathed with decorative material or plastered. When choosing lining or siding as a lining, the wooden frame of the wall will serve as a crate to secure this material. However, so that the wood does not become a kind of cold bridges, all wooden elements located on the outside, it will be necessary to additionally insulate.

Buildings, in contrast to the block construction, gives more opportunities for the use of various materials. You can choose the most suitable ways installation work, depending on the budget of the future owner of the house.

We make comparisons

Now, having understood in general terms with what the frame and block structures of buildings are, and already having a rough idea of ​​​​how much work to be done in a particular case, we can summarize by highlighting and comparing their characteristics.

The complexity of the work

cobbled house , especially if it is being built from profiled material, it is easier to build. And, this process does not require any special skills, it is enough to act according to the developed project. The difficulty lies only in big weight beam, so you won’t be able to do without an assistant - you won’t be able to raise the beam to a height on your own.

True, all this is true if the purchased construction kit has the necessary cuts for parts for corner joints. Otherwise, without good skills in carpentry, you can’t do without.

frame structure . In this case, the level of complexity will depend on the choice of frame type. The simplest of them is a panel version of the design, but specialized equipment will be required for installation work. Other types of frames, in comparison with the construction of a block house, are more difficult to install, require accurate calculations, as they consist of numerous parts that must be correctly connected and interact with each other.

However, most frames can be assembled alone, but this process will take a lot of time.

The strength of the structure being created and the duration of its operation

The durability and strength of both one and the other design directly depend on several factors:

• The quality of the selected material.
• Correct calculations.
• Scrupulous observance of the construction installation technology.

If all these conditions are met, then you can rely on documents regulating the duration of the operation of buildings. So, according to STO 00044807 - 001-2006 p. 6, table No. 2, the service life of chopped buildings from their erection to overhaul, is 50 years, and panel and frame walls - 20 years. That is a clear win for a cobbled house!

Prices for SIP panels

Sip panels

• cobbled house more durable and resistant to wind loads due to its massiveness. Fully wooden walls, when properly processed, will be more resistant to external influences.
• frame structure . The strength of the frame house depends on the thickness of the beam and its quality, as well as on the installation work. To ensure the maximum possible durability of frame structures, it is necessary to protect their external surfaces from the effects of aggressive natural factors. That is, without fail, external decoration is required.

Environmental qualities of buildings

Completely "environmentally friendly" can be called a building erected from an ordinary bar. However, during construction, both in one and the other structure, materials that do not fully meet environmental requirements can be used. To get the desired result, it is necessary to choose only natural materials for building a house.

• cobbled house . If the house is being built from glued laminated timber, then it must be remembered that in its manufacture, antiseptic treatment is used chemical compositions, and for gluing boards - adhesives of various origins. So this question should be clarified even when purchasing the material - how “clean” it is, but whether dangerous emissions, for example, formaldehyde, are foreseen.

If the construction is made from ordinary timber, then it is recommended that the insulation and wall cladding be made exclusively with natural materials. Only in this case it is possible to achieve an ideal result, having received an environmentally friendly house.

• Frame construction. In this case, it is more difficult to achieve “complete purity” of the structure, since the frame is usually sheathed with one of the types of plywood or OSB sheets, in the production of which formaldehyde-based compounds are most often used. Can be used instead of plywood moisture resistant drywall or other modern sheet material on a natural basis, closing it from the outside with a waterproofing windproof membrane. And as a heater, use not mineral wool, which still contains the same formaldehyde resins, but linen, woolen, cork heaters, or cellulose ecowoolcompressed into mats.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that both one and the other design can be environmentally friendly when using natural materials, the choice of which depends on the desire and capabilities of the future owner of the house.

Maintenance costs

Maintenance costs depend on the frequency and complexity of preventive and ongoing repairs. One of the most important factors on which the need for regular intervention depends is the protection of the external surfaces of the structure, both from negative impacts atmospheric nature, and from biological damage.

• House built from timber with a section of 200 × 200 mm, as a rule, is not lined both outside and inside. Therefore, if there is no initial high-quality treatment of wood with antiseptic agents, then the risk of damage to it by a fungus or wood-boring insects is quite high. And in order to protect the structure from insects, one treatment is often not enough. It is necessary to seal all the interventional joints between the timber with a special sealant.
• frame structure subject to construction technologies and subsequent finishing, it is protected from external influences of moisture, ultraviolet radiation, wind and dust, as well as from water vapor concentrated inside the premises. However, a frame structure closed on both sides is much more difficult to control for damage and damage, unlike always open walls built from timber.

Due to the fact that for the internal and exterior finish frame structure uses modern materials that are less susceptible to biological influences, the cost of its maintenance will be much lower. Again, when answering this question, one should take into account the quality of installation and facing work.

From these characteristics, we can conclude that a high-quality frame structure will require less preventive and repair work than a log house. But at the same time, we do not forget that its theoretical age is almost half as long.

Thermal insulation qualities of walls

Another issue that affects the comfort of living in a house, as well as the cost of its full heating, is how warm it turns out.

As you know, wood is rather low thermal conductivity, and this quality is given as the main argument in favor of a block structure. You can estimate how warm a house will be by knowing the characteristics of a particular material.

Thus, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of pine, which is most often chosen for the construction of houses, is 0.1 W / m × ˚С, and mineral wool is 0.04 W / m × ˚С. That is, the thermal insulation characteristics of the insulation are almost two times higher than those of wood.

Simple calculations show that the wall of a frame house sheathed with OSB and insulated mineral wool, much more effectively retains heat in the paving than laid out from a bar. And this means that a frame house built in compliance with the technology will be more than twice as warm as a cobbled uninsulated house with an equal wall thickness, say, 200 mm.

In addition, the frame structure allows you to equip the wall with a heater of any thickness, which is difficult to do in a block structure.

Fire safety

Both in the frame and in the block construction, the main material is wood, which belongs to the highest combustibility group - G 4. Based on this, it becomes clear that both options are potentially fire hazardous.

Unlike a block structure, it is easier to protect a frame structure from rapid fire by choosing a non-combustible insulation and sheathing the walls with a material with low flammability and the ability to prevent the spread of fire.

Walls built from timber can be protected, only by impregnating them with flame retardant solutions. And, this process is recommended to be carried out every 2-3 years, depending on the means used for this purpose, since the coating loses its protective qualities under the influence of wind, sun and moisture. But it does not guarantee full protection against fire from an open flame.

Construction cost

When determining which design is better and more profitable, the issue of construction cost cannot be bypassed. And this is quite understandable - the financial factor can dramatically affect the choice of one or the other option.

Of course, it is impossible to determine the exact cost of a house being built, since it consists of its design features. However, you can try to make an estimate by the number of items of required materials. Due to the fact that the frame and block houses have the same roof structure, its cost will also not differ, but the walls will require different materials and their number.

The list of materials needed to build a cobbled house includes:

• A beam with a cross section of 200 × 200 mm, the amount of which will depend on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls of the house.
• Mezhventsovy insulation, laid between the timber of the walls.
• wood preservative solution.
• Varnish on wood for external use.

To build a frame frame house, the list of necessary materials is somewhat larger, and consists of the following items:

• Timber for the construction of the frame - it will require 12 ÷ 15% of total area walls.
• Insulation material - 85÷88% of the wall area.
• External cladding, which is most often used as OSB sheets with a thickness of 10 ÷ 12 mm.
• Internal lining - it can be wooden lining, drywall, etc.
• Facing facade material chosen to the taste of the owner of the house - ventilated facade, brickwork, ceramic facade tiles etc .
• Vapor barrier and waterproofing membrane.
• For interior decoration you will need putty, plaster, paint, wallpaper, ceramic tiles, etc.

Having studied the lists of basic materials presented, without taking into account fasteners, you can see that a cobbled house will require more wood and less finishing materials. For the frame structure, much less natural wooden parts will be required, but a lot of other materials will need to be prepared. And, additional materials in the total volume will most likely cost no less than a wooden beam.

According to the list of necessary materials for the construction of walls, it is easy to imagine the number of diverse stages of work that will need to be done, bringing the walls to full readiness. From which it can be seen that the construction of a frame house is a more time-consuming and lengthy process.

Now, having received information about the design features, about their advantages and disadvantages, it will be easier to make the right choice. You can find out the cost of materials in the region of residence and proceed to the calculations, focusing on the proposed plan of your future possessions. Then the picture will become even clearer.

At the end of the publication - an interesting video in which the author shares his vision of the advantages and disadvantages of frame and block houses.

Video: Comparison of timber and frame houses in terms of wall thickness and their thermal insulation qualities