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Attachment for the house with your own hands. Affordable house extension projects are the only solution for small and cramped homes. Connecting the foundation to the main

Most projects individual houses include only the residential part without additional outbuildings. Over time, residents, if available free space near the house, it often becomes necessary to expand the structure with your own hands or with the involvement of qualified specialists. This can be due to a variety of reasons, such as an increase in the number of residents, the purchase of a car that will require a garage, and other circumstances. Annex - an auxiliary part of the building, which is adjacent to its main walls from one or more sides.

Varieties of attached buildings

The building can be:

1. Open, in the form of a canopy adjacent to the main wall, summer veranda, porches or terraces.
2. closed:
   • living room with panoramic windows;
   • several additional living rooms;
   • kitchen with barbecue and dining area;
   • a separate recreation area, a children's play complex or a sports gym;
   • insulated garage;
   • workshop with pantries;
   • sanitary unit with a swimming pool or bath;
   • Russian bath or sauna, made mainly from wooden logs or timber as an extension to wooden houses;
   • greenhouses for year-round growing vegetables, a greenhouse or a winter garden;
   • to accommodate boiler equipment for heating.
3. Superstructure in the form of an attic, provided that the bearing capacity of the existing foundation allows such an increase in load.

Depending on the purpose, a heated warm annex is arranged or without heating.

Required approvals

An extension project to a private house can be ordered in specialized design organizations or develop it yourself. To change the design of the building, it is necessary to obtain a building permit from the local administrative authorities, which is necessary, as well as for the construction of the main house. The project should be coordinated with bodies a dignity. and fire supervision, communal department. If the distances from the border with neighboring plots, regulated by building codes, are not observed, a written agreement of the neighbors is necessary, preferably notarized. The illegality of the construction of an extension is also recognized in the absence of a written consent of all the co-owners of the building to carry out the work.

It should be borne in mind that a work permit is issued only with the existing registration of rights to own a land plot and a house in Rosreestr, taking into account in the state cadastre. In the absence of the necessary approvals, the structure may be declared illegal and subject to demolition. It is not necessary to obtain a permit for the construction of simple sheds or a porch.

Structures and materials for the construction of the superstructure of buildings

The added part should harmoniously fit into the overall interior of the house. A two-story extension to a one-story building will look ridiculous, which, moreover, will significantly complicate construction. It is recommended to use for the construction of walls the same materials from which the main structure is built. For an extension to a wooden house, use wood, and brick brick. You can use foam or aerated concrete blocks, and for a harmonious combination with the design of the house, veneer under a tree or brick. A high or turning porch, as well as open verandas and terraces, must be framed with a railing.

It is desirable to build the foundation of a capital extension to an old house of the same type as the one existing under the main building. Of course, for building simple canopy, porch or open veranda there is no need for a powerful foundation. In most cases, a columnar base device with a small laying depth or screw piles.

For capital buildings and garages, reliable and durable foundation structures are needed. Mainly prefabricated and monolithic belts or monolithic slab. When using poles and screw piles, it is mandatory to tie with a grillage, and to protect the space under the floor, pick up from the cladding with basement siding with insulation from basalt mineral wool or other similar heaters. On the top of the foundation, horizontal waterproofing is required from rolled waterproofing materials (stekloizol, hydroisol, rubemast or roofing material).

A good option is a frame extension to the house. The frame is constructed from wooden blocks filled with insulation (for example, mineral wool boards) and lined with thick moisture-resistant plywood, OSB boards or other materials. The attached building can be carried out with window openings. The doorway is more convenient internal, which allows passage to the attached part without going outside. But it is also possible to enter the device directly from the street.

The roof is most often arranged single-pitched. It is important to ensure that snow does not accumulate at the junction, so the roof is made with a slope angle of ≥ 25 degrees. The canopy is most often covered with sheets monolithic polycarbonate or ondulin.

The floor, depending on the purpose of the room, can be concrete (mainly in garages, workshops and storerooms), wood, lined with porcelain stoneware or tiles. Often arranged "warm floors".

Garage walls are recommended to be built from non-combustible products (brick, concrete or lightweight concrete blocks) with overlapping reinforced concrete slabs or corrugated board. Be sure to provide a number of ventilation holes.

How to make an adjoining extension to the house

The connection of an existing building with an extension is one of the most crucial moments of construction. In case of non-compliance construction technologies cracks inevitably form in the junctions with opening up to large cracks. This is caused by the difference in the existing loads and the complete absence or slowdown of the settlement of the foundation of the old house.

Attachment of the attached part is carried out in the following two options:

1. With an expansion joint without direct contact between foundations, walls and roofs. It is recommended in the presence of problem soils (peat or clay). A gap is provided between the constructs, which is later filled with elastic heat and waterproofing materials. It is permissible to lay a board treated with several layers of bituminous mastic. The resulting seam is closed with decorative inserts. Be sure to eliminate the possibility of the formation of "snow bags" on the roof at the interface.
2. Inclusion of all constructs in joint work. The new foundation is arranged with occurrence at the same depth as the existing one. It is applied at the bases from the soils which are not subject to heaving. The contact surface of the old is cleared of soil, a layer of waterproofing and a notch is performed using a perforator. IN drilled holes reinforcing bars are tightly clogged with sealing holes. The obtained mortgages are connected by welding with the reinforcing cage of the extension foundation, and concreting is carried out with a thorough compaction of the mixture using a deep vibrator. Brick walls are connected in the same way. The rods are placed every two rows in the seams of the new masonry. wooden structures are tightened with steel bolts or studs with double-sided thread, complete with wide washers, nuts and locknuts. To pair the roof, it will be necessary to remove part of the roofing and jointly fasten the rafters and beams of the house and the extension with the addition of new additional nodes and racks. In some cases, it may be necessary to build a common truss system or replace elements of greater length.

The second option is more complex, laborious and costly, although it cannot be guaranteed that the joint of the joints will not disperse over time.

Depending on the design, materials of the existing house and the purpose of the attached premises, the foundation type, material and thickness of the walls are selected, rafter system and roofing materials for the new building.

Before deciding how to build an extension, it is necessary to foresee all the possible nuances of future construction and to ensure that you protect yourself from possible administrative sanctions.

Advantages of an extension compared to a freestanding building

• Reducing the scope of work on the supply of engineering communications (electricity, water supply, heating, sewerage, ventilation).
• Less material consumption and cost of construction, since at least one existing wall is used.
• Rational use territory without cluttering with additional buildings.
• Additional insulation that prevents the penetration of cold air directly into the house with a decrease in heat loss.

Building a new residential building is an expensive and somewhat risky undertaking. Another issue is the expansion of an existing building in order to increase usable area. Add an extra room to country house or a cottage will cost much less than building everything from scratch. But this does not mean that designing and installing a new room is a simple matter, there are a lot of pitfalls on your way. In order to avoid mistakes, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the recommendations on how to make an extension to the house with your own hands and at minimal cost.

What kind of extension to make

To answer this question, you will have to do the design, from which any construction begins. Sketch the plan of the old building to scale, locate the extension and plot it on the drawing. By thinking about the internal layout of the new part, you can accurately determine its dimensions. Draw a side view to get an idea of ​​how much space you have in terms of height given the slopes of the roof.

An important point. Careful drawing and verification with real dimensions on the spot will help to avoid unpleasant errors associated with the size of the part being erected, its height, and especially with the slope of the roof. The minimum angle of the roof slope is 8 °, you can’t do less, otherwise leaks will appear after showers and snowfalls.

A full-fledged project should provide material for the construction of an extension. Its choice depends on the purpose of the new premises:

1. A full-fledged room with access to the hallway, equipped with heating and other communications - a bedroom, a kitchen, a bathroom or a bathroom. This is a capital building, built of brick, aerated concrete, foam block and their combinations. Timber products are also well suited - timber and logs.
2. Light extensions - a veranda, an open terrace, a vestibule or a porch with a polycarbonate canopy. It is better to build such premises on a frame made of wood or metal structures, sheathed OSB boards followed by finishing. The greenhouse and winter garden are made of glass.
3. Outbuilding to the house - barn, garage, boiler room. These structures are both capital and light, the choice of material depends on your desire and capabilities. Common options are cinder block, shell rock and wood. A more progressive solution is sandwich panels with insulation on a rolled metal frame.
4. A separate question is what to make an extension to the balcony of an apartment building on the ground floor from. The answer is simple: the same partition should adjoin the brick wall so that the structure does not fall out of the exterior of the building. Near panel house you can use any stone blocks, but then they will have to be finished to match the color of the surrounding walls.

Note. Regarding the building materials used, not requirements are listed, but recommendations. You are free to make an extension at your discretion, for example, build a brick structure near log house. But such solutions are more difficult to implement, and most importantly, more expensive.

How to make a foundation for an extension

For attached premises, 4 types of bases are used, depending on the weight of the structure and the quality of the soil:

• columnar - for lightweight structures on a wooden frame;
• pile screw foundation used on subsiding soils for the installation of structures made of wood and metal with a small mass;
• tape - for heavy stone buildings;
• a reinforced concrete monolithic slab is poured over the entire area of ​​​​the attached part, erected from bricks or blocks on unstable soils.

An example of a columnar base made of concrete

Advice. Modern frame houses are increasingly placed on screw piles. If this is your case, then the choice of foundation is obvious - a pile-screw foundation, it makes no sense to use another type.

A solid concrete slab is used quite rarely due to high cost, and twisting of screw piles is best entrusted to professionals in this field. To independently attach a light veranda or summer gazebo, a columnar base is recommended. For brickwork or walls made of gas blocks, it is better to fill in a concrete tape, we will consider these 2 methods further.

Traditional strip foundation

columnar base

The right foundation of this type costs less than tape and is well suited for light buildings. Its device begins with marking the site and designating the mounting points for future vertical racks of the frame. The pillars, and hence the soles for them, should be placed in increments of 1.5 m, as shown in the diagram.

The further course of action is as follows:

1. Dig square holes 50 x 50 cm in size at the indicated points, deepening 70-80 cm. The task is to put a support on a dense, stable soil, so the bottom of the pit must be tamped.
2. Sprinkle 15 cm of sand or fine gravel and compact again. From M150 concrete, pour a platform at the bottom, and after hardening, cover with roofing material in 2 layers (waterproofing).
3. Lay out the 38 x 38 cm square posts of red ceramic bricks to the required height.
4. Apply a bituminous primer to the walls of the columns or stick a welded waterproofing. Lay the roofing material on top of the support again.
5. Cover the sinuses around the foundation with earth and lightly tamp.

Reference. Foundation pillars for a frame extension can be cast from M200 concrete, but then you will have to put up formwork and knit reinforcing mesh.

Strip foundation device

Under the base of this type, you need to dig a trench along the contour of the future premises, which is shown in the photo below. The width of the ditch should be made 15 cm more than the thickness of the brick or foam block wall. The depth depends on the location of a stable layer of soil and ranges from 50-100 cm. The walls of the pit must be cleaned, and the bottom must be tamped and poured sand cushion 100 mm thick.

Advice. When digging a trench, be guided by the depth of the foundation of a private house (if it is reinforced concrete or block). The rubble foundations of very old dwellings can be less buried, so you should not be equal to them.

The order of work is as follows:

1. Compact the poured sand and install a wooden panel formwork with external supports and internal stretch marks (possible from studs with nuts) that do not allow the sides to move under the weight of concrete. The height of the formwork is not lower than the level of the basement of the existing building.
2. Tie or weld frames of corrugated reinforcement with a diameter of 8-12 mm to make cells 10 x 15 cm. Install them in the trench on stands 50 mm high.
3. Prepare the M150 concrete mix in the following proportions: M400 cement - 1 part, dry sand - 3 parts, crushed stone with a fraction of up to 40 mm - 5 volumes.
4. Perform layer-by-layer pouring of the strip foundation to the height of the base of the house. It is highly desirable to compact concrete with special vibrators (rent).
5. Remove the formwork after 7 days, and continue work after 3 weeks, when concrete mix will harden.

Advice. So that the concrete does not lose milk during pouring and subsequently does not absorb moisture, cover the trench with the formwork with plastic wrap before installing the reinforcing cages.

If you want to make the extension warm initially, then after the foundation has solidified, insulate it from the outside with foam plastic, or better with foam plastic. Lay drainage along the bottom of the ditch and fill the sinuses with soil, then cast the blind area with insulation, as shown in the diagram. For an unheated extension, treat the base with bitumen or stick waterproofing (for example, from famous brand TechnoNIKOL). Lay roofing material in 2 layers on top of the plinth and proceed to the formation of the floors. You will learn about all the stages of work by watching the video:

Floor installation

The first stage of building an extension to the house with your own hands is the installation of floors, which are of 2 types:

• flooring on wooden logs;
• cement strainer.

Note. On a columnar foundation, floors can only be built on logs, and on a strip foundation - any one to choose from.

The wooden floors of the extension are made using the following technology:

1. Lay wooden lintels on the brick posts - bars with a minimum section of 10 x 15 cm and fix them with anchors. On the corner supports, join them in half a tree (how to do this is shown in the photo). Fasten the bars between each other with steel corners on self-tapping screws.
2. Install the lags in the same way.
3. If insulation is not required, then lay a subfloor of 40 mm thick boards.
4. To insulate the floors, nail cranial bars to the bottom of the lag, lay boards and insulation with vapor barrier on them. Then lay the rough floors.

An example of connecting beams in half a tree

For a screed device, the space inside the strip foundation is covered with earth, compacted with watering. From above, fill the recess with expanded clay to a height of 20-30 cm and fill in the screed. Let it harden for 2-3 days and proceed to the construction of walls.

Construction of extension walls

The order of construction of an open veranda or porch depends on the project and design of the structure. But in any case, the installation begins with the installation of vertical racks and tying them together with horizontal jumpers. The most commonly used here wooden beam 10 x 15 cm or steel profile pipes section 80 x 60 mm, or 60 x 60 mm.

Reference. The builders of frame houses practice a different technology: the wall sections are entirely assembled on the ground, and then they rise and are attached to the foundation and to each other.

Docking of the beams is best done in half a tree or in a groove with fixation with steel corners on self-tapping screws, as shown in the diagram. From above, the pillars are united by a horizontal beam, where the roof rafters will subsequently lie. The ends of this jumper are securely attached to the wall of your house. A cold extension can be immediately lined with OSB boards (OSB), which will make it possible to tighten the frame. The heated room will need to be insulated with mineral wool 100 mm thick. More about construction frame walls look at the video:

The main walls of the extension are built of bricks or blocks according to all the rules of masonry - with dressing of the seams and checking the vertical. The first row is laid around the entire perimeter, and then you need to form corners, raising them by 4-5 rows. Next, a wall is built to the same height, after which the action is repeated.

Advice. Tie brick or block masonry to the walls of the house by drilling holes through 2-3 rows and inserting reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm into them.

Roof installation

As a rule, the roof of the extension is made on wooden beams, based on the existing wall of the house and a new partition. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

1. Attach with anchors to the wall of the building a horizontal board with a thickness of at least 50 mm to support the rafters. In a stone outbuilding, lay the same boards on top of the walls and secure them.
2. Install rafters from a board of 15 x 5 cm (minimum section) in increments of 600 mm to match the size of the slab insulation. Screw them to the supports using steel corners and self-tapping screws.
3. Lay the waterproofing on the beams - a diffusion membrane with an overlap of 10 cm and nail it to the rafters with planks.
4. Lay roofing- slate, metal tile or corrugated board. In order for water to drain properly from the roof, slate must be brought under the roof overhang of your home.

Simple truss system of a wooden extension

If necessary, insulate the roof of the extension by inserting mineral wool slabs between the beams by surprise. From below, beat the insulation with a vapor barrier film and sew it with facing material. More information about the installation of the roof of the extension is described in the video:

Conclusion

All work on the construction of an extension to the house is best done with an assistant, many operations alone are inconvenient to perform. You can cope with a one-story building without any problems, you just need to allocate time. Do not forget to treat the wood with an antiseptic compound and paint it well so that the frame of the veranda or porch will last for many years.

Structural engineer with over 8 years experience in construction.
Graduated from East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

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When, for various reasons, it becomes necessary to expand the living space of a private house, the most economical and technologically simplest option is a frame extension. Its advantage is the speed of construction with your own hands with a minimum skill in working with a carpentry tool. Step-by-step instructions for the construction stages with photos will help you make a useful and beautiful extension as in the video, which will last for many years.

Appointment of the extension

So that the extension does not subsequently have to be transformed, even at the planning stage, you should consider the nuances of the design. To get started, decide on intended purpose new premises.

1. Additional room. The construction of an additional room is tantamount to building a house with a small area. All structures of the new building must be thoroughly insulated, otherwise the heating of such a room will be inefficient due to the large heat loss. You should not save on waterproofing and insulation of the foundation, otherwise dampness and mold on the walls will make it impossible to live in such a room.
2. Kitchen or bathroom. Take care of the engineering communications before you start building the foundation. Places where water pipes pass or sewer pipes through the foundation must be well insulated. This is easier and cheaper to do at the construction stage.
3. The veranda is light extension to the house of open or glazed type. Used for summer holidays. The building is not heated, so the design is extremely simple: flooring, walls and roof on supports. Do not forget about harmony, the veranda should be combined with the house in terms of scale, style and construction materials.

We select the base

The veranda can be attached or built-in. If the second one is planned at the stage of building a house, then for the first one you will need to build a separate foundation. With a gap from the wall of about 40 mm. Otherwise, during shrinkage, the monolithic base will collapse due to the different weights of the veranda and the house. The seismicity of the soil and the weight of the future building are taken into account. A lightweight foundation erected on soil prone to heaving will “lead”, and the extension will move away from the house. Such a base is designed for light walls; shrinkage is inevitable under the weight of brickwork.

For construction use different materials: concrete, brick, stone, piles of wood, metal or concrete. It is important to choose the right depth and type of foundation for the extension:

• tape;
• slab;
• columnar;
• pile;
• pile-grillage.

In private construction, when erecting a base for a veranda, a columnar or tape structure is most often used. Let us consider in more detail the step-by-step instructions for arranging the foundations.

Strip foundation

For large and heavy buildings, a tape type of foundation is chosen. It is advisable to perform it from concrete in this sequence.

Important. Before erecting walls on the foundation, it is necessary to apply waterproofing. Use roll materials or mastic.

Column Foundation

For light frame veranda it is appropriate to erect a columnar base, which is built of brick, rubble stone or concrete. Or a combination of these materials. Pits under the pillars are dug to a depth below the freezing of the soil. The step between the posts is about 60 cm. The sequence of work:

• dig square holes 50 x 50 cm. Sand is poured into the bottom and carefully compacted;
• a layer of concrete mortar is laid, and after complete setting, they begin to erect brick supports. Use the level so that the masonry is strictly vertical;
• concrete support is made similarly to the tape type of foundation: wrapped inner part formwork waterproofing and insert a reinforced frame. The form is filled with concrete, and the top is leveled. Wet concrete a couple of times a day to avoid cracking;

• after complete drying, the formwork is removed, waterproofing is applied to the pole, covered with several layers of roofing material on top - the material will protect the wooden beam of the floor from getting wet;
• the remaining voids are filled with backfill: soil mixed with crushed stone is poured, its ramming is carried out every 15 cm of the layer.

Important. The height of the foundation pillars is calculated so that the distance to the finishing floor of the extension is 30 cm.

Floor: wood or concrete

A concrete or wooden floor is arranged on a tape type foundation. The base on the pillars is obviously calculated for arranging a wooden floor. Let's take a look at both technologies.

Construction of the frame and walls

Wall structures are erected from timber, fastened to previously assembled crown beams of the strapping. Wall elements are assembled on a flat area in horizontal position, and then the finished wall shield is mounted in vertical position or each beam is connected to the beam in series. Step-by-step instruction:

• On the lower strapping bars, every 50 cm, make a cut for vertical racks.
• Mount the racks, fixing the corners and screws.
• Assemble the top harness.

• The veranda is connected to the house by attaching a vertical bar to the wall.
• Fix all racks adjacent to the house with anchor bolts.
• It is better to immediately sheathe the finished "skeleton" of the veranda from the outside with plywood, boards or OSB. This will give the structure rigidity.
• After erecting and insulating the roof, insert windows and doors.

Covering and roofing

Shed type of roof is combined with almost any roof of the house, therefore it is the most common configuration. Let's consider it.

Wall and floor insulation

Used as an insulating material for walls mineral wool. The mats are easily and quickly laid between the frame bars, as can be seen in the photo. When laying insulation in several layers, the mats are shifted relative to each other in order to exclude heat loss through the connecting seams. The insulation is closed on both sides with a vapor and wind insulating material that will protect the material from moisture accumulation, and sheathed on top finishing material. Internal walls can be sheathed with chipboard, drywall and covered with wallpaper or lined with clapboard. For the exterior wall, use wood, siding, or materials that match the finish of the home.

The wall cake towards the outer wall looks like this:

• internal lining;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation material;

• wind insulation;
• outer lining.

Gender on wooden joists they are insulated similarly to walls: mineral wool is laid on the subfloor between the lags, having previously covered the boards with a waterproofing membrane. A second layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the insulation, and then leveled with plywood. After that, a fine floor covering is mounted.

A concrete floor can be insulated in the same way as a wooden floor, dry screed can be applied, a concrete screed can be made and water or electric heating can be installed.

Home craftsmen often overlook the need to comply with safety regulations. Use funds personal protection and a well-functioning reliable tool, and then from the construction of the extension you will have only the warmest memories.

Frame extension on piles: video

Frame extension to the house: photo

Sometimes it becomes necessary to modify your home. The goals are different - expand the kitchen, attach a veranda, equip a technical room or an additional living room. Then the question arises for the owner of the house. What to do? A common option for expanding the area is an extension to the house with your own hands. It's cheaper than building a whole house. Allows you to avoid credit loans for years that not everyone can afford. All in all, it might not be very expensive. This refers only to the construction itself. A house that is overgrown with properly made outbuildings becomes more comfortable and beautiful.

Organizational moments

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Glazed veranda

With any construction, they begin with preparatory work. The site is thoroughly cleaned of debris and everything necessary for construction is prepared.

A drainage system is required under the building. To do this, the earth is compacted, and a slope is made at this place for water flow.

Foundation

The base for the construction of the structure is tape and columnar. Each has its own qualities. To select the most suitable, you must first study each.

Strip foundation

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Strip foundation

This foundation is done in the following order:

• The rope is used to mark and trace the site for construction. It is stretched and fixed. According to this outline, a trench is dug to the depth of the base of the main building and 10-15 cm wider than the wall
• The bottom of the trench is covered with a 10-12 cm layer of sand. All this is carefully compacted. Next comes the crushed stone, which also needs to be compacted. Broken bricks are allowed
• The next step is to lay a waterproofing film along the trench. It goes 40-50 cm above the ground. It closes the foundation from the inside, and the formwork above the ground. Then the reinforcement is fixed. Its design in shape should be a repetition of the foundation to its full height.
• The concrete mortar should consist of cement with gravel. They fill 1/3 of the height of the trench. This layer must be completely dry. Next comes another layer of concrete. It will fill half of the remaining height
• Having installed the formwork, form the base. The waterproofing remains in the formwork, straightened along its walls and fixed from above. The film must not slide into the concrete. The formwork is completely filled with concrete. The solution must be pierced with a shovel so that there are no air cavities inside. The formwork is also lightly tapped so that the resulting vibration compacts the concrete solution well.
• Upon completion of the pour, the concrete is leveled and left to dry completely. Every day it is sprinkled with water. This makes it more durable. When it hardens, the formwork is removed
• It is recommended that the foundation be additionally covered with waterproofing compounds or materials in rolls. These are liquid rubber, tar, bituminous mastic and roofing material. Then they start building walls.
• The internal space of this foundation is equipped with various options. For example, using a concrete screed or flooring from floor beams and logs, with the installation of a wooden floor in the future

Column Foundation

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Column Foundation

This type of foundation is built of brick or concrete. Possibly both materials. This basis is used for the construction of verandas and living rooms, with further planning for the installation of boardwalk.

The foundation is carried out in the following order:

• First, the marking of the selected site for construction is also applied.
• Pillars should be placed 1.5 m apart. For them, pits are dug 50x50 cm in size and 50-60 cm deep. The dimensions of the pit at the top expand by approximately 10 cm on each side
• Further, the bottom of the pits is strengthened with sand and gravel. Waterproofing is being laid
• A layer of cement mortar is poured under the brick supports. It must completely freeze. After that, brickwork is done
• For concrete pillars, reinforcement and formwork are installed in the pit to the height of the future pillar. The waterproofing film is laid inside the formwork and fixed from above.
• The formwork is filled with concrete mortar in layers, each of which is allowed to dry.
• The top of the post is leveled and sprinkled every day with water until the concrete is completely dry.
• After that, the formwork is removed. With the help of warm bituminous mastic, the poles are pasted over with roofing material
• The void around the pillars is covered with earth with gravel. Every 10-15 cm it must be compacted
• Roofing material is laid on the pillars in several layers. This will be the waterproofing protection of the wooden bars. They will be mounted on top.

Floor bases

Floors made of wood and concrete are laid on the strip foundation. The tree is also laid for a columnar foundation without lintels.

concrete base

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concrete base

For security and warmth floor screed on strip foundation work is carried out in stages according to a certain technology:

• At the beginning, the earth is removed from the foundation. It is loosened and removed. The depth of the pit should be approximately 25-35 cm
• The bottom is filled with 10 cm sand. It packs up well. Then crushed stone or expanded clay is laid in 15-20 cm. The second material makes the screed warm
• Everything is well leveled and the reinforcing grate is laid. A system of beacons is installed on it at a horizontal level. Some rooms require a sloped surface. For example, in a bathroom or on an outdoor terrace, water from the floor must flow freely to the drainage system.
• The next step is pouring cement and leveling. After a day, it is recommended to cover it with plastic wrap. This will make it more uniform, durable
• When the structure is ready, a floor covering or a wooden floor can be laid on a concrete base.

Wooden beam base

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Wooden beam base

• To make the floors durable, choose high-quality crossbars.
• Wooden bars, 15x10 cm thick in cross section, are placed on the foundation, on a roofing felt substrate.
• They are attached to concrete with through connections or corners.
• The beams are also fastened to each other with powerful corners. All this will hold securely.

Wall materials

Any materials for the construction of an additional annex are used. The walls are built of brick, frame, foam blocks. The main thing is that all this has a good combination with the main house.

It will not be difficult to repeat the exterior decoration of the house. Wood, for example, goes well with all materials and looks good without additional processing.

Frame walls

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The erection of a frame structure is good option:

• construction is fast, in a matter of months
• due to the ease of construction, no capital foundation is required
• you can do it yourself
• at an inexpensive price

The foundations of the house and self-building are made on the same level. Accession should not be capital, because. the extension will sag after a while. A deformation seam is made. Frame structures do not shrink vertically, which is very attractive.

The frame for the walls is made of timber and attached to pre-assembled coronal rungs. The bars can be attached separately. But it will be easier to assemble all the parts together with special fasteners, and then install them as an assembly.

To attach the frame to the main building, vertical markings are made. Here you need to be precise. After installation, to make the frame stronger, it is immediately upholstered.

The upper beam along the house is attached to the main wall with anchor bolts. Insulate the walls after installing the roof.

brick walls

Brick walls require a perfectly flat foundation surface. Everything is checked. If there are any irregularities, they must be corrected. Otherwise, this will lead to cracking between the bricks during shrinkage of self-building.

For the most part, brick structures are attached to the house from the same material. Tie him up metal frame, which is placed in the prepared holes. They are made in the main wall at 2/3 of the depth. Repeat every 2-3 rows. The reinforcement should protrude from the wall by at least half a meter and end up in the seams of the masonry. It is important to take the rods are not thick. Otherwise, the seams in this place will be very wide. Or you will have to make a recess in the bricks under the reinforcement.

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A brick extension is also attached to the tree with a frame. It is placed in through-drilled holes. Transverse stoppers are made on the reinforcement. They will keep them in the wall.

To follow the rows horizontally, you need to pull the cord along the future wall. A plumb line checks vertically.

The wall thickness will depend on the functionality of the attached structure. For a living room, a brick is laid in 1-2 layers. On a terrace or outbuilding, a layer of half a brick will suffice.

Upon completion, the brick walls are surrounded by concrete from above. To do this, set the form in which the reinforcement is placed. All this is concreted. When the mortar hardens, the form is removed and the roofing begins to be installed.

Laying brick walls is not easy, as it might seem. This requires experience. The best option would be to entrust the work to a professional. Or make walls from other material.

Extension from foam blocks

Foam concrete has its own distinctive qualities, among building materials:

• No special skills are required to work. Construction is possible on difficult ground
• Due to the fact that the blocks are large and light, it takes less time and effort to assemble, compared to laying bricks or timber
• The material is durable, environmentally friendly, non-flammable and meets all standards fire safety. It also has low thermal conductivity and “breathes” well, which creates an optimal indoor climate.
• Inexpensive, easy to assemble and easy to drill
• An extension of foam blocks practically does not shrink and has a long service life.

• Additional protection is required, as the material soon loses thermal insulation due to its high hygroscopicity

Almost finished extension of concrete blocks

The construction of foam concrete obliges the implementation of a strict sequence of stages:

• It is necessary to start laying from the corner points
• From below, the blocks are moistened to increase the hitch. The initial row is covered with several layers of protection against capillary moisture
• The quality of the assembly is affected by the horizontality and verticality of the first row. Therefore, strict adherence to all rules is required. Horizontal irregularities are corrected with mortar
• Use between clutches adhesive composition. Connections are obtained no more than 1 mm, which minimizes their space, in other words, "cold bridges"
• The composition is prepared, strictly following the rules. It is applied on top and on the sides of the blocks. Each brick is aligned horizontally and vertically
• Grinding grater levels the horizontalness of each row. The garbage that is formed must be carefully swept away
• Corners and every 5 rows are reinforced with rods that will bind the structure and prevent cracking. For what circular saw make cuts 3 cm wide and 5 cm deep. Then recesses are knocked out with a hammer and a chisel. They need to be cleaned up. Welded rods are laid in the middle of the recesses and filled with adhesive.

For window and door openings, jumpers are installed with a width of not more than 1.75 m. They are made using formwork - removable or fixed. For large openings, the strength of foam concrete is not designed. It is better then to choose a cinder block or silicate brick. This is a more secure base. The height of the jumper will depend on the thickness of the future floor.

For a removable form, metal structures of the desired size are first welded. On the sides of the opening, bars are nailed for support, a form is set on them. Shields are attached to the sides. Foam blocks are sawn into narrow blocks. They equip the form from the inside. The result will be a semblance of a trough.

The reinforcement frame is placed so that the side with a large number rods. All this is fastened with struts. Then the blocks are moistened, filled with a solution of concrete along the perimeter of the walls and compacted. The poured concrete is leveled at the level of the blocks in the formwork and smoothed well.

For non-removable form, useU-shaped blocks. Setting the form itself is not required. Less time to work.

For laying such blocks you need:

• Install the block with the cut-out support on the sides of the opening. Next, check the horizontalness of the supports on the hose level. All irregularities are corrected with a grinding grater.
• The U-block is installed on the glue with the hole up. After that, a reinforcement structure is placed so that there are a large number of rods below. It is fastened with braces
• The block is moistened. Concrete layers are laid on top. They are carefully sealed with a trowel.

It is very important to install a reinforced belt on the building. This will make it resistant to various types of deformation, wind loads, and increase the carrying capacity. The reinforced belt is insanely heavy. They do it right on the walls.

Covering and roofing

When the walls are already erected, they begin to deal with the ceiling. For this, crossbars are used. They are installed on the walls 60-70 cm apart. They are fastened with special corners.

When installing crossbars on brick outbuilding, they are embedded in a concrete belt. The sides of the crossbars are wrapped in roofing felt. Then all this is hemmed with boards or thick plywood. Insulation material is laid between the lining and the crossbars.

Very often in country house lacks extra space for relax. You can supplement the building with an additional living room, but a simpler option is to add a veranda. The dimensions of such a room and its appearance can be very diverse, which entails certain subtleties of the construction process.

Room features

The planned construction of a residential building usually does not include a veranda, so this object often has to be added as needed. If the house has small dimensions, then often it lacks an area for additional storage of things or exclusively for relaxation. As soon as the need arises to organize such a space, you need to think about how to attach it to a residential building.

Type of veranda can be different, first of all, it depends on the material from which it is made, which, in turn, depends on the construction of the house itself. For a brick building, it is better to make the same veranda, since an attached structure made of a different material will be less reliable. The design of the extension must be either completely or partially closed, because the purpose of this new space must have some kind of function, and the more of them, the better.

When planning the location of the veranda, it is important to take into account the part of the house on which it would be best to complete the building. Usually this north side, where to the house is added real room where you can comfortably spend time at any time of the year. The veranda can replace summer kitchen, in which you can cook and eat food in warm weather, can serve as a resting place for the whole family, because in summer you can hide from the sun and be in nature, opening all windows as much as possible, and in spring and autumn it will be possible to contemplate the surrounding landscape without leaving from home.

When the veranda is assigned the role of a gym or a hobby room, it is best to place it in the direction of the windows to the garden so that the view of trees, flowers and bright greenery inspires accomplishments. When the extension serves as the entrance to the house, it is organized opposite the gate in order to maximize the convenience of getting into the living space.

As soon as the idea with the construction has finally matured in my head, you need to build it on paper and get down to business. The process is not the most difficult, but with improper planning and execution, the result can be very upsetting. For capital type veranda obligatory element there will be a foundation on which they build additional structure To home. Dimensions can be different, it all depends on the size of the house and the purpose new room. If the house is large, then you can add a gazebo to any length of the finished wall, as for the width, it is almost always two meters.

The dimensions of the veranda should not be made very large, because it unheated room, and from a large cold room and in the house itself it will be cool. It is optimal to make it half as small as the existing wall, provided big house. If it is small, then it is quite appropriate to add a full-fledged room to the width of the house and to the required length, which the land plot of the yard allows.

Material selection

To build a good veranda, you first need to decide on the materials from which it will be built. You need to pay attention to each stage of work in order to achieve good result. It is best for a brick house to complete the veranda from brick, because it is easier to connect the same materials together and create a strong and robust design. For this type of work, it is important to make a foundation, because the building will have considerable weight and over time the soil will begin to sag and cracks will appear on the walls. It is important to make a sufficiently strong foundation, filling the trench with cement or making supports, placing the finished structure on them.

It is important to make the floor from a bar so that it is strong and powerful, then the coating will last a long time and will not cause any problems. On the beam itself, you can fill the boards and make a simple wooden floor, or use any other coating suitable for the veranda: laminate, linoleum, ceramic tile. The walls are built of brick, and their height can be very different. The higher they are, the warmer it will be in the room, and the lower they are, the more light they can let in. You can practically do without them, using polycarbonate walls instead.

A fully glazed veranda would be appropriate if it is made of high-quality double-glazed windows, where all seams are hermetically sealed and no gusts of wind penetrate inside. In this case, it will be pleasant to be on the veranda at any time of the year, because the picture of the surrounding world will be as close as possible and any family member can please himself with it.

It is best to build the same wooden veranda to a wooden house, because as soon as an extension made of wood will look logical in general interior rooms and work with materials of the same type will be much easier. The foundation is not needed in this case. A frame base of the floor and walls is created, which are then sheathed with selected materials. A veranda decorated with carved wood patterns or original laying of materials during work will look beautiful. Window frame for this type of structure, there may be plastic, but glass will be able to convey color better, although there will be a risk of small drafts. Wooden verandas will be less capital than brick, but for them you can choose a different purpose and make full use of the new additional space.

In each of the options you need to make a roof. The lighter it is, the easier it is to install, and the less weight it will give to the structure itself. Having made the frame, it is necessary to sheathe it with either corrugated board or metal tiles. It is better to choose the color of the coating to match the roof of the house or as close as possible to it, so that everything together looks like one whole, and not disparate objects that are artificially connected together.

Constructions

As soon as the plan for the construction of the veranda has matured, it is necessary to take up the planning of each stage of work. The first point will be to determine the place where it is most logical to locate a new room.

Veranda can be:

• angular;
• end;
• facade.

As soon as the issue is resolved with the first task, you need to decide on the degree of closeness of the veranda.

There are only two possible options:

• closed;
• open.

If only a closed type of building is planned, it provides windows that can be opened for ventilation, and open type buildings are already a terrace. IN closed building it is possible to provide sliding elements that will help to open the space as much as possible, which will make the room combined.

If the veranda is planned at the stage of building a house, then its design may have several options:

• built-in;
• attached type.

It is possible to build a veranda during the construction of the house itself, and attach it after the completion of the main process or even many years after that. Due to the fact that the design may differ, even greater variety can be seen in the forms of the veranda that can be built:

• rectangular structures;
• round and semicircular structures;
• polygonal extension, most often containing six corners.

When choosing one of the options, it is worth remembering that the veranda should not only serve as a kind of room, it should also beautifully complement the house, decorate it and become its highlight.

While all documentary cases are going on, there is time to deal with the designs of the veranda and choose the most suitable one for a particular house. It is important to initially decide whether this will be a full-fledged room, warm veranda or the usual light building. For private houses where they live all year round, a winter veranda is much more preferable, because it can be considered a living space. An exclusively summer building will be used only in the warm season, which reduces its versatility.

The arrangement of each of the premises will depend on many factors. If the veranda is insulated and closed, then you can place a sofa, armchairs in it and use it as a living room. In the case of an open veranda, it is better to place wicker furniture on it, which will not be affected by precipitation and which can be easily removed if not needed.

Having chosen a closed type of veranda for construction, sometimes it becomes necessary to build an additional open building. The gazebo will be a good option for those who like to sit on outdoors. Its dimensions can be quite small and, if desired, it can even be moved from place to place. If there is no desire to build a large number of buildings, then it is best to make a combined veranda, which will be completely covered, with windows, walls, but with sliding elements.

The design of the veranda can be angular, if it is not possible to place it along one of the walls, or L-shaped, if there is a desire to combine an open and closed structure under one roof. The roof of the main extension should be capital and fully protected from all the vagaries of nature. For a gazebo, it will be enough to make a canopy, which will partially cover from the sun and rain, but the extension will perform the main function in the warm and dry season.

We beat the area

Depending on the dimensions of the house itself, the dimensions of the veranda will also differ. Internal filling any space will be dictated not only by its size, but also by the functional purpose for which it was built. Average dimensions comfortable veranda are 170 by 400 cm, but there are also small options, the length of which will be about two meters.

When there are unlimited possibilities for the construction of additional buildings, then their size will depend on what is supposed to be done in the room. If the veranda is planned as a gathering place for family, friends, a room for summer holidays and cozy gatherings in the evening, then it is very important to build a room with sufficient dimensions. It should easily accommodate a table and a sofa, you can arrange a mini bar, and in some cases even provide for a barbecue. Thus, the optimal area of ​​​​such a room will be 25 m2, and the length of one wall should not be less than five meters.

When only a few people live in a country house and there is no need to make large additional rooms, the veranda can be made such that a comfortable chair and a coffee table can be easily placed there in order to be able to enjoy nature alone or in the company of one or two people. The dimensions of such a room can be two times smaller.

The area of ​​​​the veranda also depends on the type of its construction. If this is a rectangular room, then most often the length ranges from four to six meters, and the width is from three to four. In a square, all walls will have the same length. This option is rarely used for the entire width of the house, most often it is a side extension of small dimensions. For lovers unusual shapes you can build a veranda in the form of a semicircle or triangle.

Based on the choice of the type of building, materials for the frame, walls, glazing, floor and roof are also selected. Each construction option involves its own type of roof. For narrow verandas a shed roof is suitable, in a square and rectangular one it is a gable roof, and for original buildings the roof can also have an unusual appearance that will fully correspond to the style of the building.

If the plot of land on which the house stands has extraordinary dimensions and it is very difficult to build a veranda near the house, you can make this room in the form of a separate building that has a common passage with the house. Usually it is made in the form of a glass corridor, but combined compositions can also be used. In this case, it is possible to create an overall veranda of the original form. It can be a circle or a polyhedron, and hallmark will practically full review areas around it. The dimensions of such a structure can be any, the main thing is to harmoniously fit it into the existing territory so as not to spoil it and make it possible to enjoy it every day.

Interior design

The appearance of the veranda is important, because it must fit into the overall concept of the exterior and be in harmony with it, but much more important point is internal arrangement of this room. The use of various materials will depend primarily on two factors - the size of the room and its location relative to the cardinal points. If the building is small, it needs to be filled with light as much as possible, the same applies to their location in those parts of the house where there is little sunlight.

If the veranda is large, spacious and bright, this makes it possible to experiment with materials, shapes and even textures, especially in the case of closed type the buildings. It is important to decorate not only the walls, floor and ceiling, but also to use specially selected furniture.

Another important factor that significantly influences the choice of building materials and furniture to be used is the heating system. It is important to design an unheated area so that the material lasts as long and firmly as possible and does not have to be repaired annually. Finishing of all walls must be of high quality. In the work on the veranda, you cannot save money, otherwise all the work done inside the room will soon come to naught.

Each element of the veranda must be functional, beautiful and resistant to various external influences. Gender is important element arranging an extension, it can be sheathed using ordinary boards, but such a coating will be cold in winter. It is best to use heaters on which to put an additional layer of chipboard or fiberboard on top. You can finish the floors with laminate or tiles.

Speaking of walls, wooden buildings it is best to upholster them from the inside with clapboard, which has a pleasant color and texture and creates an imitation of the real wooden house. Working with this material is quite simple, it is reliable and durable, which means that the interior decoration will last for many years. If desired, it can be painted in any color, this will give freshness to the interior and additionally protect the wood from damage.

You can also hem the ceiling in the veranda using various materials. The cheapest will be a fiberboard sheet, multifunctional - drywall, the most beautiful - suspended ceiling. Sheathing with fiberboard sheets looks the easiest, but it can be stylishly decorated with foam tiles, which are glued directly to the existing surface. It is important that the roof itself, its external coating and interior decoration are made of high-quality and lightweight materials so that there is no strong pressure on the foundation.

For the same reasons, the walls of the veranda itself can be laid out not from bricks, but from foam blocks. They have less weight and the structure is built in more short time thanks to its large size. This material can be faced if the blocks do not have a completely presentable appearance, or left untouched if even and beautiful seams were achieved during construction, and the foam blocks themselves were not previously used and have an ideal appearance.

As for the interior itself, it is not difficult to equip it.

The most common styles for this are:

• oriental theme;
• ecostyle;
• Scandinavian motifs;
• provence;
• country and similar directions.

The arrangement of the veranda in any of these options has one thing in common - these are natural materials that should be used in the decoration and furnishing of the room.

To give warmth, coziness and comfort, there are a number of items that will be appropriate in any style:

• decorative pillows for sofas and armchairs;
• beautiful tablecloths on the table, the use of embroidery, ornament, interesting pattern;
• for certain styles, it will be appropriate to use chair covers;
• to give a romantic effect to the interior, you can add candles on decorative candlesticks;
• the use of paintings, photographs will create a complete look.

By erecting a veranda in a private house, you can make a functional full-fledged room out of it, where it will be dry, warm, light and comfortable. In addition to the recreation area, you can use such a room as an office, living room, kitchen with dining room, greenhouse and even a children's room. Having everything necessary tools and materials, without violating the construction technology, you can make a full-fledged room, which will become for someone a real personal space or a public domain and a place of rest.

landscape design

When equipping the territory of a country house, it is necessary to think over both the construction of housing, verandas, and other outbuildings, if necessary, but also pay attention to green spaces, which play a very important role. If the territory is being set up in the country house, then in addition to the garden itself, the garden and the vineyard, it is important to make an area with flower beds, ornamental trees, alpine slides. These elements are traditionally placed in a place where it is most convenient to contemplate the man-made beauty.

If the house has a veranda, then it is necessary to bring the earth outside not just in order, but to make miniature garden which will look interesting and please the eye. Exotic lovers can place a rock garden on the site, and those who prefer to relax with the sounds of water should organize a fountain or similar structure where it will constantly circulate.

Trees along the edges of the decorated area can be large enough to delimit the recreation area from the garden or yard. It is important to use a variety of plants that will create a symbiosis of shapes, colors and sizes, but they must be correctly and beautifully arranged.

If the site outside the veranda has a slope, then this disadvantage can be interestingly beaten. One option would be a ladder of different types of plants that are planted on the same level, each of which is clearly divided by height. It will be very beautiful if a small pond or fountain is organized at the bottom of such steps. For a territory that is very small, it is possible to artificially create uneven soil. Ravines and hillocks will visually make the space large and give you the opportunity to use large quantity green spaces of various types.

If the landscape is arranged on long time, then it is important to do it correctly, providing drainage system with abduction Wastewater into a special sewer. This stage is the very first, before new land is brought in and plants are planted. When laying all the pipes is ready, you need to take care of a layer of drainage material. Once all the preparations are made, you can begin to introduce the soil on which all the plants will be planted.

Usually, behind beautiful landscapes, there should be a fence separating the territory of the house from neighbors or the street. This design often spoils the appearance and general impression from nature, therefore it is recommended to hide it behind a hedge, which is most often made of coniferous trees which grow quickly and have a beautiful appearance. Another important element is the lawn, which can have different kind depending on its purpose. If children or pets play on it, then you need to buy tougher grass, but in the case of an exclusively decorative effect, you can plant elite varieties that are distinguished by their sophisticated structure, pleasant color, but requiring more attention and care.

With regards to trees, they are planted a little, because they grow quickly and attract all the attention. If you plant only a few plantings, then you need to choose those species that will have a beautiful and interesting appearance all year round. These are arborvitae, maples, nuts, chestnuts, oaks, spruces and other options. If the site near the veranda has large area, then the composition will have the main focus in the middle in the form of high group plantings and smaller ones near it. Very popular and hedges.

If it is possible to form paths in the area to be decorated, then they can also be planted with shrubs on both sides. It will be beautiful if these plants are cut regularly, which will give an even greater decorative effect to the landscape. If we talk about a flower garden, it is important to plant flowers in it so that some blooming ones replace others, and this process begins in early spring and lasts until late autumn. In addition, it is advisable to seat them according to colors, so that there are no options of the same tone nearby and each the new kind pleased with an interesting and unusual shade.

The final touch in the design of the landscape design of the territory of a country house with a veranda will be the arrangement of lighting. In the evening, being on the veranda, it is very pleasant to look at nature in the rays of the setting sun or under artificial lighting. If this is not the case, then all the beauty outside the window will disappear with the last rays and nothing will be visible until morning. With the help of small lamps, flashlights and light bulbs, you can slightly illuminate the area, arranging them so as to focus on the most beautiful specimens. You can also install lighting near the water, making the site even more beautiful and mysterious and be able to admire it at any time of the day or night.

Beautiful examples for inspiration

Having a country house, it is important to make sure that everything in it is beautiful and functional. This also applies to the veranda. In this space, you can organize any room, while using additional elements. A veranda with a fireplace or a stove will have a cozy and warm look. In the cold season, these devices will help warm the air in the room. If the veranda is not used during the cold season, then you can not heat it. In a private house, it would be appropriate to organize a veranda with a barbecue in order to make delicious barbecue or other dishes on fire as soon as possible.

The suburban area is characterized by the construction of a low house, although there are also two-story houses. As for the veranda itself, it belongs to a one-story room, which can be fully or partially residential, depending on the type of building.

The veranda in a country house can be made of double-glazed windows and look like a completely transparent structure, which adds lightness to it and does not clutter up the space.

If in a private house there is not enough area in which you can gather with the whole family or arrange a meeting with guests, then the veranda will become great solution this problem. To do this, you need to equip it with a living room with kitchen elements. It is important that the interior is warm, but has country motifs in the form of wicker furniture and wooden table with a bench.

If the veranda is being built in order to create personal space and the opportunity to be alone with yourself, then for such a room it is important to use comfortable upholstered furniture, place a coffee table next to it, placing it all in front of large glass windows, opening a full panorama of the entire site, which was carefully prepared specifically for this purpose. This is a budget option, but it is he who is best suited for a good rest.