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White cabbage - planting and care in the open field

Cabbage, as a product, is popular in our country, it is often used for eating and fresh in salads, and stewed, salted and sauerkraut, so many summer residents grow it at home very successfully.

This vegetable is not the easiest project for a gardener. Despite the fact that this crop easily withstands temperature extremes and even light frosts, pests consider cabbage a very tasty morsel. However, do not be afraid of difficulties if you are taking up this business for the first time. In this article, you will learn how to properly plant cabbage in open ground, what time to choose for sowing, and by what criteria to determine ideal varieties for planting, as well as the basics of plant care and methods of pest control.

Which variety is best to choose for self-cultivation

When choosing a variety for sowing, you first need to decide why you are planting cabbage. There are varieties that are ideal for certain dishes, there are varieties that are easy and convenient to grow, and varieties that are grown at certain times of the year.

The whole culture is divided into three types: head, leaf and color.

These species, in turn, are divided into a huge number of varieties, which are usually classified according to the time elapsed from the moment cabbage is sown in open ground until it fully ripens:

1. An early ripe cabbage that grows and ripens very quickly, within two months from the moment of planting. These varieties are unpretentious in care, grow in almost any soil, have small heads of cabbage and thin leaves.
2. Medium-early cabbage is one whose planting period is up to 75 days.
3. Mid-season cabbage - one that ripens within 85-100 days from the moment of planting.
4. Middle late. The ripening period varies from 100 to 120 days.
5. Late ripe. This cabbage ripens longer than 160 days from the time of its planting.

If you like fresh cabbage salads, fresh summer borscht, and also if you want cabbage to please you at the beginning of summer, you should choose early varieties for planting. Popular with summer residents are such varieties as Dumas, June, Cossack.

And if you want to plant cabbage for sauerkraut, then it is best for you to choose its mid-season and mid-late varieties, they are ideal for this purpose.

It is important to know that mid-season varieties also have a longer shelf life. But they take a long time to mature. The most popular for sauerkraut is Slava cabbage.

You can plant all varieties in one area, in which case each variety will gradually ripen, providing you with a stream of fresh cabbage on your table almost all year round.

And for winter storage best suited are the latest varieties that can be used for food until the next harvest. It is also the most resistant to frost and temperature changes cultures.

Cabbage can be grown in two ways:

• from seeds;
• from seedlings.

Growing cabbage from seed

From the first time it may seem incomprehensible how to plant cabbage with seeds in open ground directly, but in reality it is even less troublesome than cooking and then transplanting seedlings. Consider the measures that need to be taken before you can sow and grow cabbage in the country.

• V open ground there should be enough nutrients for the growth of our vegetable;

It is useful to know what is best to sow in those areas where cucumbers, carrots, garlic, and potatoes grew last year. And where radish, turnip, arugula and radish grew last year, on the contrary, it is not recommended to grow cabbage.

• to improve the quality of the product, you can enrich the soil with peat or humus, especially if you sow mid-ripening or late varieties;
• to prevent infection of heads of cabbage before sowing, it is necessary to treat the seeds with something antiseptic. For example, a solution of potassium permanganate. Before sowing, soak the seeds in a dark solution for 20-30 minutes, then rinse thoroughly to get rid of excess manganese, which is also undesirable. Washed seeds must be placed in a humid environment, for example, wrapped in a wet cloth and left indoors for 18-20 hours at a temperature of 22 degrees. It is not worth keeping the seeds in this state for more than a day - then they may not take root in the ground.

So, the stage of seed preparation is completed, you can start sowing.

• before sowing, it is necessary to trim the beds with a rake and make holes at a distance of 25-40 cm from each other, depending on the type of cabbage, and pour water over them in several doses;
• drop 3-4 seeds into each hole and press your fingers into the ground to a depth of about 4-5 centimeters and cover with a glass jar;
• shoots should appear in a few days. When they appear, you need to thin them out, leaving one of the strongest and largest in each hole. At the same time, you need to pull out the rest very carefully so as not to damage the roots. Banks do not need to be removed after thinning;
• further, the sprouts need to be looked after in the same way as the rest of the vegetables, not forgetting to water and feed them in time.

Watch the video! How to grow a huge cabbage.

Planting seedlings of cabbage in open ground

Not in all regions you can sow cabbage directly into the ground, sometimes you need to grow seedlings first. Transplanting sprouts into summer cottage soil is a rather laborious process, but it can be dealt with.

The main difficulty is that small sprouts can die from a sudden change in conditions, so they must be hardened before planting.

It is necessary to start hardening approximately 10 days before disembarkation. You can blow cold air from an open window. If you have a greenhouse, seedlings can be rearranged on the ground c north side. It is necessary to organize a transplant so that the temperature decreases gradually, then the sprouts will take root well in a new place.

In order not to dive cabbage seedlings, each sprout should be transferred to a separate hole.

There is also a method of growing seedlings and further planting in cups.

Important to know: in all containers for growing cabbage sprouts, big holes for drainage to avoid infection of the cabbage with a blackleg.

When to plant different varieties of cabbage

Planting time depends on the region, the general climate and the weather in that particular season. In the southern regions of Russia, in the Kuban, cabbage begins to be planted from the end of February, and in the Urals from mid-March. But on average, cabbage is planted like this:

• early varieties in early March, as soon as the air temperature at night is more than +3;
• seeds of medium varieties are sown from the end of March to the end of February;
• late varieties are best planted after April 20.

Soil for cabbage

Before planting cabbage, you need to prepare the soil.

• in the fall, it is advisable to dig up the soil in which you are going to plant cabbage so that there is less hassle in the spring;
• after digging the soil should be fertilized.

Soil preparation immediately before planting.

1. Remove weeds.
2. Loosen it with a rake or, if you haven’t dug in the fall, dig it up.
3. Water well.
4. Form beds, the gap between which should be about 50 centimeters, holes, at a distance of 30-40 centimeters from each other.

Helpful Hint: You can add a tablespoon of wood ash to the wells. The cabbage will grow faster, the shoots will be stronger.

Cabbage care and possible difficulties

We figured out the planting, now we need to grow our sprouts and turn them into a ripe product ready for further use. How to grow cabbage in open ground?

Watering and feeding

Interestingly, cabbage should not be watered cold water. Cabbage is very sensitive to this. No need to water directly from a hose or well, it is better to let the water warm up. Too much cold water for irrigation can lead to insufficient development of the root system. You can let the water warm up sunshine, and only then do watering.

Immediately after planting, the sprouts should be watered several times a day, but at the same time make sure that the hole has time to dry out between waterings.

When the cabbage grows a little, one watering a day is enough. But this is a general recommendation, and you can this issue approach flexibly depending on the weather and climate. If it is very hot, then you can water the cabbage several times. The main thing is that the hole is not too moist, but not dry.

After watering, young cabbage requires hilling.

It is important to know that in addition to watering, it is necessary to use plant nutrition. On initial stage you can do top dressing with yeast, later with peat or humus.

How to properly feed the shoots:

Diseases of cabbage, their signs and methods of treatment

To prevent or cure cabbage diseases, you need to know their symptoms. Let's consider some of them.

Fungal infections are usually treated very successfully in the early stages. You just need to provide cabbage with care when planting. A photo of fungal diseases will help you deal with its type and take the necessary measures.

— yellow spots between leaf veins;

- gradual drying of the sheet;

- brown spots are visible on the cut of the leaves;

- the head of cabbage does not grow and withers, acquiring an irregular shape.

It is important to know that a viral infection is not treatable, so attention must be paid to prevention.

Pests and methods of preventive treatment

They cause a lot of trouble to gardeners, as they bring significant harm to the crop.

So, we examined how to choose the right cabbage, planting and care in the open field, as well as planting seedlings, hardening them. If you did everything right at all stages, then cabbage will be able to delight you with its homemade taste from the end of June until December itself.

Watch the video! Outdoor care for CABBAGE

In contact with

Despite the seeming unpretentiousness, cabbage is quite sensitive to changes in growing conditions, sometimes quite sharp temperature fluctuations or improper watering to threaten the death of the entire crop crop. It is especially important to follow the rules of sowing, growing, and also care for beginner gardeners, because any difficulties or obstacles can deprive you of peace of mind and faith in own forces. Today we will talk about the difficulties of growing cabbage in the open field, how to overcome them in order to achieve a rich harvest.

Most of us are most familiar with traditional white cabbage, but there are quite a few varieties of this vegetable: cauliflower and broccoli, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, Beijing, Savoy, etc. But most often in Russian gardens there are white and red varieties.

Video “Landing in open ground”

From the video you will learn how to effectively plant cabbage in open ground.

General rules for growing outdoors

Grow good cabbage in the open field, in fact, it is not as easy as it might seem, the vegetable faces many dangers here, starting with pests and ending with soil moisture. Factors such as temperature fluctuations or the properties of the soil itself also have an impact on the result. In addition, the illumination of the site should be taken into account - it is better to plant cabbage in sunny beds.

Pay attention to what vegetables were the predecessors of cabbage - tomato, radish or beets are not suitable for this. The fact is that these crops deplete the soil as much as possible, as a result of which the yield of cabbage will not be at all what you expect.

It is best to plant seedlings in those beds where legumes, potatoes or cucumbers previously grew. The acidity of the soil also does not affect the crop in the best way - cabbage does not like it, so measures should be taken in advance to reduce the content of acidic substances.

Sowing and seed care

Speaking about how to grow cabbage, first of all it should be noted that sowing seeds directly on the garden bed is categorically not welcome: the crop is grown by seedlings. Seeds are sown in small containers, and after the grown and strengthened shoots are transferred to the ground, when the weather is warm.

To grow good viable seedlings, you need to choose the right soil: it must contain a large amount of peat.

Seedlings need to dive, but you can skip this step. In order for cabbage to develop well, its cultivation and care in the open field must be properly organized: both seedlings and adult plants need proper watering - excess moisture leads to rotting of the root system, and a lack contributes to the drying of the sprout, or leads to a halt in development. The same goes for temperature regime or lighting - when it is cold and not light enough around, the sprouts stretch and weaken.

It is noteworthy that the crops do not germinate immediately: in the first weeks after sowing, the culture develops very slowly, and the first pair of leaves may appear at all on the 25th day.

Landing in the ground

To make the grown crop please you, do not plant on open garden weak seedlings: only strong plants that have acquired a dark green color and have already given two pairs of leaves are subject to transfer to open ground. The planting scheme is as follows, between them it is necessary to observe a distance of about half a meter, and to retreat to the next row at all 80 cm.

When planting, in addition to the obligatory moistening of the prepared hole, fertilizers must be applied. The best way compost is good for this. After compacting the soil with the sprout, it is again watered abundantly to help rooting. Be sure to make sure that the growth point of the seedling is not below ground level, filling it up, you doom the plant to death.

Care

If the planting process was successful, your seedlings have successfully taken root, you can relax for a while, now no special care for the cabbage is required. All you need to do is remember to keep the moisture regime (moderately water the cabbage beds 2-3 times a week). After a while, the number of waterings can be reduced to one, but then it should be plentiful. Experienced gardeners recommend not root watering, but providing sprinkling, then you will moisten not only the soil itself, but also the air around the plant.

You also need to take care of the soil on the cabbage bed, regularly loosen it, remove weeds and make sure that pests do not appear. Remember, many insects are dangerous for cabbage, so you need to deal with them as soon as the problem has been noticed. We must not forget about the need for regular top dressing: for the first time, fertilizers should be applied no earlier than 14 days after planting in a permanent place in the open field. The second time - two weeks later, to support developing plant. Subsequently, top dressing should be carried out as necessary, but you should not be too zealous so as not to harm the plants.

In order for your cabbage to grow as it should, planting and especially caring for it in the open field must be constant, because, like any garden culture She needs care and attention. It is also necessary to choose the right time for harvesting: despite the cold resistance of cabbage, and the possible cut of the forks even when frost sets in, you should not unnecessarily delay harvesting: overripe cabbage will definitely crack. If you collect it ahead of time, the forks cannot avoid withering, loss of presentation and taste.

That's all the simple rules, the observance of which will help you get the harvest of your dreams, and will not cause much trouble for the entire time of growing your favorite vegetable. Remember that a deviation from at least one of the requirements is fraught with negative consequences that can not only deprive you of the long-awaited harvest, but also permanently discourage gardening. Do not risk your own nerves and feelings, do everything right, and have a good harvest!

Video “Care”

From the video you will learn how to properly care for cabbage.

A lot has been written about the favorite vegetable of a Russian person, but you can always find something that is still unknown about successful cultivation garden queens.

Even from the first centuries BC, information has come down to us about a wonderful vegetable - cabbage. Of course, she looked completely different from what she is now, but this does not detract from her importance in those distant times. Breeding research with the aim of breeding new varieties of white cabbage was especially intensified in the 20th century, when many different types vegetables.

The place for cabbage seedlings should be sunny, without shading.

Having dug up a plot of the garden for cabbage in the spring, potash, phosphate fertilizers are applied there, and with poor soils - humus, deepening them into the soil by loosening with a rake.

The placement of seedlings depends on the varieties of cabbage: early - at a distance of forty-five centimeters, and later - seventy centimeters from each other. Planting time for cabbage is different depending on the type:

• Early ripe - from the second half of April to early May.
• Medium varieties - until mid-May.
• Late types of cabbage - until the end of May.

When planting seedlings, it must be remembered that it is impossible to deepen it much by falling asleep the outlet. It needs to be level with the top layer of soil. At low humidity, seedlings should be watered, and after soaking, sprinkle with dry earth.

It is better to plant cabbage in open ground when the heat comes in evening time, and during the day, cover the leaves with a canopy of fabric so that they do not get a severe burn. Compliance with the rules for the care and planting of seedlings will help in the future to get strong, healthy heads of juicy crispy cabbage.

Although cabbage is classified as undemanding plants, but it requires special attention:

1. Watering the vegetable is carried out in an abundant way, spilling the soil up to fifty centimeters deep. During dry summers, up to ten waterings of three liters are made for each bush. You can check if a vegetable needs watering in this way: take some earth at a depth of 7 centimeters, squeeze it in your fist, and then throw it on the path. A crumbling lump indicates that the plant needs water. And the more leaves are formed on the plant, the more moisture it needs, because every day cabbage spends about ten liters of water on their formation. Reduce the amount of watering before harvesting so that the heads do not crack. Excess moisture for cabbage is also considered fatal, it begins to rot.
2. Top dressing is carried out together with watering, first two weeks after planting the seedlings, and after every three weeks. Diluted (1:5) or (1:12) one liter per well is used as a fertilizer. And other fertilizers take forty grams of ammonium nitrate water, potassium salt, superphosphate - twenty at the first feeding, and during subsequent procedures slightly increase the dose.
3. Loosening the land around the plantings is combined with vegetable bushes. Mulching with 5 centimeters peat also helps to maintain moisture, reduce the amount, and increase nutrients for the plant.

The juiciness of cabbage, which is so popular in salads and is necessary for sauerkraut, depends on proper care for a vegetable.

The most common diseases of white cabbage:

• Of the most common fungal diseases of a vegetable is keel. Not only cabbage, but all of its relatives can be subject to this scourge. Infection with a fungus can be seen by stopping the head of growth, wilting of the leaves. A diseased plant is best destroyed. And to prevent the disease, add slaked lime to the soil, which will reduce its acidity. After the detection of pathology, it is necessary not to plant cruciferous representatives in this area in the future.
• black spots on different parts plants speak of infection with a fungus that tolerates winter well in plant waste. Proper preparation seeds, removal of weeds, cabbage residues will help to avoid infection.
• With leucorrhoea, areas appear as if covered with white paint on the cabbage, after which the plant begins to turn brown and dry. Preparations containing copper can save the vegetable.
• The appearance of a mosaic pattern on young leaves indicates infection. viral disease which is not treated.

To prevent infection of cabbage with fungal and viral diseases rules must be followed vegetable crop spray seedlings by biological means such as Fitosporin, Baktofit.

Harvesting and storage rules

Harvesting is carried out in the terms that are determined to achieve the ripeness of early, late plant species. The fact that the plant is ready for storage can be verified by feeling the head of cabbage, determining its density.

The cutting of the head for storage during the winter should be such that a long stalk remains, on which there is a pair of leaves. This will allow you to take moisture from them while lying down, keeping a fresh look for a long time. Storing healthy, intact heads is best in a basement or cellar at freezing temperatures.

Cabbage is loved for its versatility. It is also good for making salads, first and second courses. It is fried, boiled, stewed, baked. And fresh salads sauerkraut- a pantry of vitamins, useful substances that make us healthy, curing many diseases, improving the functioning of the stomach and intestines. Cabbage leaf itself is used as a compress for inflammatory lesions of the joints, varicose veins.

More information can be found in the video:

Cabbage has long been one of the favorite vegetables on our table. In the diet of many families, it occupies an important place. This delicious and healthy vegetable used in many recipes. Not many gardeners refuse to grow cabbage in their area. But to get excellent harvest, a good strong seedlings. Consider the secrets of proper cultivation.

Cabbage cultivation and care

First, think about why and when you need cabbage. The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings primarily depends on this. If you want to enjoy a salad in summer period- take early varieties, if for salting and long-term storage - medium and late. Remember, the sowing time also depends on the ripening time.

Variety selection

The purchase of seeds should be taken seriously. With improper and long storage, germination is lost. Give preference to specialized stores.

• First, before buying, get qualified advice from a consultant. Sellers will tell you which variety and why it is better to buy, what new items have appeared on the market.
• Secondly, in specialized stores carefully control the quality of purchased products. They also receive products from breeding and seed companies. This is an additional guarantee to the buyer, the risk of purchasing low-quality seeds is reduced.
• Thirdly, at the first request, a certificate of seed quality will be presented in a specialized store. It contains data on germination, purity and crop year.

Choose seeds from different manufacturers and varieties. Thus, the probability of being left without a crop is reduced, if suddenly one of the varieties turns out to be with low germination.

Pay attention to packaging. Should be enough thick paper, pay attention to be high quality photo plants, there were no smeared letters. Fraudsters save on packaging. There are white bags with seeds, their quality is often not worse than those with bright packaging. Such seeds are much cheaper. But they should also have all the information about the plant, weight or number of seeds in pieces.

The package contains information about the manufacturer: name, logo, legal and email address, phone numbers. The name in Russian and Latin is obligatory, in accordance with the State Register.

Imported seeds tend to be more expensive and while many consider them to be of higher quality, this is not always the case. Buy a little more than you expect to sow. You may need to refresh the crops if the seedlings are too sparse.

Where to sow?

Seedlings for cabbage are grown in greenhouses, greenhouses and often in an apartment. The soil for sowing seedlings on the site begins to be prepared in the fall. The site is freed from weeds by digging a shovel onto a bayonet. At the same time, unevenness should remain, for better absorption of moisture into the soil. In the spring, the soil is leveled with a rake.

To heat the beds, warm manure is spread loosely up to 40 cm, sprinkled with lime or wood ash(to prevent fungal diseases). Consumption per 1 sq. m. should not exceed 0.5 kg of lime, 0.6 kg of ash. After 3-4 days pour fertile land or peat with old sawdust.

Growing cabbage at home

Cabbage growing at home

If you grow seedlings on a windowsill, just buy an earthen mixture for: it has excellent properties, is quite soft and loose, contains the necessary organic, mineral fertilizers. The seeds are laid out neatly in rows in boxes and covered with earth with a layer of 1 cm. You can choose cups and plant a couple of seeds in them, but separately: after that, a stronger plant is left, and a weak sprout is pinched off (do not tear, so as not to harm the roots of the remaining sprout).

After sowing, watering is carried out, the trays are covered with a film until the first shoots. After that, the film is removed.

Do not forget that drainage is necessary: ​​if you have not bought special seedling trays, just make holes in the containers that you will use so that the water does not stagnate, causing putrefactive diseases.

Hardening can be done already when the first true leaf appears, taking the seedlings into a cool corridor, veranda or even into the sun, exposing fresh air. Starting from an hour or two, after a week it will be possible to leave the seedlings on the street for the whole day.

Growing cabbage from seed

For disinfection of seeds before sowing, they are heated in hot water to 50 degrees for about 20 minutes and immediately cooled in cold boiled water within 3-5 minutes. If desired, soak in a growth stimulator for several hours.

Cabbage growing from seeds, when to plant?

Approximate sowing dates: early varieties are sown in early March, mid-season - in the second half of April, late - in late March - early April.

Seeds are sown to a depth of no more than 1 cm. To preserve moisture, they are covered with newspapers or film on top. After 4-5 days they appear, then the film or newspaper sheets are removed.

Conditions for growing cabbage

Growing white cabbage

Until the first shoots appear, it is necessary to maintain room temperature(+20 degrees). Then we lower it to 6-10 degrees. At elevated temperatures and lack of lighting, the seedlings are strongly stretched and lie down. In city apartments, this is difficult to implement, but it is possible if you take them to a glazed loggia. Seedlings must be ventilated. Water once a week with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (3 grams per 10 liters of water).

cabbage pick

When the first true leaf appears (1.5-2 weeks after germination), the seedlings dive - they are planted in pots, cassettes or on large area. An hour before picking, pour plenty of water. They dig in and take with a clod of earth, the root is shortened by about a third. Planted, deepening to the cotyledon leaves.

Growing white cabbage in open ground

We sow in the greenhouse in rows, between which we leave 8 cm. In the row after germination, we thin out so that at least 5 cm remains between the cabbages.

After the appearance of 5-7 leaves in a seedling early cabbage, 4-6 in the middle and late we plant in open ground.

We start growing early cabbage in open ground in late April-early May. A little later - from mid to late May, late varieties are planted. From late May to mid-June, medium cabbage is planted. You should not plant too densely, because it is large.

Plant in the afternoon or on cloudy days, deepening to the first true leaf. After planting, watering is required.

Cultivation of cabbage in the open field photo

Further plant care consists in loosening the soil and regular watering. Cabbage needs moist soil. Shortly before harvesting, watering should be stopped (for 30-40 days, in dry areas for 15).

Features of growing cabbage in a seedless way are attentive to seedlings. You can sow several seeds in the hole, simply pulling out the extra ones and leaving the strongest sprout.

Some varieties of cabbage are grown in the simplest seedless way, even without watering: with frequent rains, on fertile soil. Seeds are sown immediately into the ground to a depth of 1.5-3 cm. Cabbage is not afraid of frost, you need to sow in early spring at the end of March - beginning of April. When shoots appear, they must be thinned out so that there is at least 40 cm between plants. Continue to care for the plants as usual.

Watering

Cabbage cultivation and care in the open field

Cabbage is watered abundantly under the root, wide ridges with deep rows can be arranged to facilitate watering: water will be collected directly in the row and provide the plants with moisture for several days.

Do not forget to loosen the surface when it dries. This should be done very carefully: the roots of the cabbage are fragile, they are on the surface. Therefore, deeper than 3 cm, do not deepen the chopper next to the seedlings.

top dressing

Feeding should be no more than once every 10-12 days, and only 10 days after planting in the ground. Preferably regular organic top dressing from manure, chicken manure or fermented grass. Half a liter of fermented composition per bucket of water is enough to provide the plants with a good supply of trace elements and nutrients. Solution consumption - a liter for each cabbage.

Diseases and pests

To prevent cabbage fly damage, plant cabbage as early as possible so that it has time to get stronger enough. Pre-treat the seeds with Prestige solution or other pest control. The cabbage fly debugs eggs not far from the plant on the ground, after a week larvae appear from the eggs, which destroy the roots. Hilling is used to further strengthen the root system. If larvae are found, immediately treat the area with insecticides, and again a week later.

In hot, dry weather, cruciferous fleas and aphids harm cabbage bushes. To save the plants, they are sprinkled with sifted wood ash. Before tying the heads, it is quite acceptable to treat with special preparations from the cruciferous flea.

In wet weather, slugs may appear. In the fight against them, you can do without chemistry - sprinkle the area with mustard or ground pepper. Then collect the slugs by hand and destroy.

Butterflies debug eggs on leaves, after a while caterpillars appear and eat the plant. Gardeners spray the beds with an infusion of potato tops and stems of tomato with the addition of laundry soap.

Cleaning

When the heads of cabbage have become dense enough, they are cut off along with a few leaves (so that they lie longer).

Stored in a dark cellar at a temperature of 0 to +5 degrees, stumps down. If uprooted and hung on the ceiling, you can keep the harvest almost until spring, and the cabbage will keep the crisp leaves unchanged, will not wither and remain very tasty.

After harvesting, cabbage leaves remain, which are used as feed for livestock.

Climate change is making growing vegetables more difficult. As in the conditions of non-standard natural phenomena take care of white cabbage and get good harvest?

White cabbage- cold-resistant, light-loving plant. For its full development and maturation, daylight hours lasting at least 13 hours are required. Depending on the region, early and mid-season varieties ripen no earlier than 70 days or more. How to grow white cabbage in order to get a good harvest in any region? To do this, you must follow some rules.

How to choose and prepare white cabbage seeds?

The growing region plays a major role in the selection of seeds for sowing. The further north the site is located, the more early-ripening varieties you need to choose. On the packaging in the description contains the dates of sowing and the estimated harvest of the crop.

But, as a rule, these data are indicated in the case of strict adherence to agricultural care and cultivation. Such violations, as well as a failure in climatic conditions- drought, heavy and prolonged rains, prolonged frosts - negatively affect the agricultural technology of growing white cabbage.

The main task of preparing white cabbage seeds is to improve their germination and further healthy development of sprouts. To do this, carry out a number of activities with seeds:

• Calibration;
• hardening;
• Stratification - keeping wet seeds for a certain amount of time at low temperatures;
• Soaking in a disinfectant solution;
• warming up;
• Processing with microelements;
• Germination.

The process can be described as follows. After calibration, dry seeds of white cabbage are placed in hot (about 45-50 C) water for 15 minutes. Then dipped in cold liquid for a minute. Induce a solution with trace elements and put them in it for 12 hours. After washed clean water and placed in the refrigerator overnight. It remains to dry the seeds and sow.

Soil preparation for sowing and seedlings

The seeds are sown in boxes. But to make it easier for plants to transplant into open ground, it is better to sow each seed in a separate container.

They can be bought if it is not possible to equip yourself. root system in this case, it is not stressed, since it is carefully moved with a clod of earth into the prepared hole. Although cabbage is not picky about transplanting, this method of planting will allow you to get a crop earlier.

When planning a place for planting seedlings of white cabbage, it is worth remembering which culture was its predecessor. It is desirable that onions, green manure, cereals, carrots, cucumbers and potatoes grow here before.
It is necessary to exclude the planting of a vegetable crop in the place of the cruciferous family - radish, radish, various kinds and varieties of cabbage, beets, turnips, as well as tomatoes.

A plot for cabbage is prepared in advance, preferably in the fall. If the soil is acidic, then lime is added. Neutral soils are the most favorable.

In the spring, organic and mineral fertilizers are added per 1 m 2:

• - 3-4 glasses;
• Overripe organics - 1 bucket;
• - 1 tablespoon;
• - 2 tablespoons.

The soil is dug up, weed roots are cleaned and the beds are prepared by applying fertilizers. There can be several options for the formation of beds, it all depends on preferences and physical strength gardener. Planting in boxes, a separate bed for each seedling, rectangular beds in 1 and 2 rows, etc. It is important that the water does not flow to one bush, but is evenly distributed over the entire surface, irrigating all plants.

If dry winds prevail in the region or there are problems with water, timely loosening and mulching will help to prolong soil moisture.

How to plant seedlings of white cabbage

Holes are made in prepared beds with a hoe. It is important that their depth is slightly greater than the height of the plant's root system. If the hole turned out to be larger than necessary, then a little earth is added to it. The main thing is that the depth should not be less than the root. Otherwise, the plant will fall and take root poorly.

Another important point. When planting a plant, you need to make sure that the cabbage outlet is not covered with earth. Otherwise, its growth will stop and the culture will die.

Before planting white cabbage, it is watered. If the seedling is sitting in a separate pot, then after the earth has been saturated with moisture, it is carefully turned upside down with one hand, grabbing the upper surface of the container with the palm of the other hand. In this case, a stem should remain between the fingers. Gently shaking the pot, a lump of earth along with the root will come out and remain intact in the palm of your hand. It remains only to turn it upside down, put it in the hole, sprinkle it tightly with earth and water it.

Landing pattern early varieties- 40X25 cm, medium and late - 40X60 cm.

If a strong heat is expected after planting seedlings, then caring for white cabbage, in addition to mulching the soil, will consist in protecting young leaves from sunburn. To do this, you can make a small canopy, the basis of which is wooden or metal carcass, covered nonwoven fabric or any light fabric.

Necessary conditions for growing white cabbage

To get a good harvest, it is important to maintain the basic conditions for growing white cabbage:

• Optimum air and soil temperature during the growing season and maturation; otherwise, it will lead the plant to flowering and other problems;
• Sufficient amount of light; do not plant plants near trees and in other shaded places; the cabbage will stretch; this will cause poor tying of a fork or head of cabbage;
• Watering; cabbage is very demanding on timely abundant watering; but it is worth remembering that excessive everyday moisture will lead to premature cracking of the fork;
• Soil cultivation - loosening, mulching will reduce the number of irrigations and provide free air access to the root system;
• Protection from pests and diseases.

When growing white cabbage, you need to take into account the cold-resistant qualities of the plant. For example, frost resistance depends on the age and variety of the crop. For the appearance of sprouts, 2-3 degrees above zero is enough. But friendly shoots will appear in 4-5 days at a temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius.

Hardened seedlings with a developed root system or planted in the ground no earlier than 10-14 days can cope with the impact of night frost. In this case, the thermometer should be at least 3-5 degrees below zero. Optimum temperature air for growing seedlings is considered 13-15 C, and soil - 2-3 degrees lower.

If support the necessary conditions on the open ground for the development and cultivation of white cabbage is difficult or not possible, then you should take care of the construction. It is important to choose varieties bred for cultivation in closed ground. This will avoid many diseases, especially fungal, characteristic of the cruciferous family.

Here you can see varieties of white cabbage with a photo.

What is the peculiarity of growing cabbage in a seedless way?

White cabbage grown in a seedless way gives a high yield ahead of time for 10-12 days. Seeds are sown 3-4 pieces in one nest and immediately to a permanent place. What is the peculiarity of such a method?

It is necessary to be very careful in choosing a site, because completely unprotected crop sprouts will appear there. Protection from pests and diseases is somewhat more difficult than in greenhouse conditions. Before planting, the soil should be cleaned as much as possible from the roots of weeds and harmful insects. White cabbage grown in this way is more hardy, hardened and productive.

Pre-treatment of seeds is carried out and sown in well-prepared soft moist soil, sprinkling. After germination, the plants are thinned out, leaving the strongest.

It's easy to grow a good cabbage crop (video)