Plum sawer. Plum pests - a description with a photo and ways to get rid of them. Ringed and gypsy moth
Plum diseases and the fight against them, photoVisible signs of fungal or insect damage on the plant indicate an active stage of infection. In such a situation, it is necessary to start the fight as quickly and efficiently as possible. The section that discusses the main plum diseases and their treatment in pictures will help determine the cause of the plant's wilting, find methods of control and save the crop.
Plum leaf diseases: the best remedies for protection and treatment
Diseases of stone fruit leaves gradually spread to the branches of the tree, affecting the entire plant. Considering plum diseases and their treatment with a photo, one should Special attention pay attention to fungal infections, as they are more common and, thanks to timely diagnosis and the use of the necessary means, it is possible to quickly cure affected plants and protect healthy ones from the spread of spores.
Clasterosporium - perforated spotting (lat. Clasterosporium )
The disease is fungal. Clasterosporiasis is caused by the fungus Clasterosporium carpophilum.
The first signs of damage include brown spots on the leaves, framed by a dark border. Gradually, infected tissues die and fall out, and in their place through hole. The disease further affects the covers of the tree, spots of a reddish hue lead to the appearance of cracks in the bark and the release of gum.
In order to prevent perforated plum disease, it is necessary to remove plant debris in time and burn them, treat gum wounds blue vitriol, clean near-stem shoots. Treatment of plants 1% will help to overcome the fungus Bordeaux liquid:
- during the appearance of buds;
- immediately after flowering;
- 2 weeks after flowering.
In case of severe damage, plums are processed systemic fungicide Hom. It is recommended to carry out another spraying 20 days before harvest. The rate of use of the substance: 30 g per 10 liters of water. Effective against: Kurpoksat, Skor, Horus.
The following varieties are highly resistant to perforated spotting: Renklod purple and green, Anna Shpet, Vengerka, Kirk.
Polystigmosis - red spotting (lat. Polystigma)
Polystigmosis refers to common fungal infections, the spores of which, with high humidity at the end of spring, affect the plum - diseases and treatment with a photo, as well as detailed description external signs will help to recognize what exactly the tree is infected with, and begin processing.
Small red spots appear on the leaves of trees, which gradually dry out and die. The main preventive measure is the cleaning of plant debris and the burning of fallen leaves in the fall, since it is on them that the pathogenic fungus hibernates.
If symptoms are detected, it is necessary to carry out an uprooting treatment of plants and soil in the near-stem circles with 1% copper sulphate before bud development begins. Further control methods are the use of fungicides Oksikhom, Skor, Topaz. Spraying is carried out before flowering, at the end, and after harvesting.
Most resistant varieties: Renklod Altana and green, Ochakovskaya, Hungarian.
Plum coccomycosis (lat. Coccomyces)
Very often the tree dies due to improper treatment coccomycosis. Thanks to our material, you will be able to determine in a timely manner what the plum is affected by, the diseases - the photos of which we have provided, will help to recognize the infection and apply necessary funds.
The causative agent is the fungus Coccomyces hiemalis. It affects all types of stone fruit crops. The main symptoms: in early summer, the upper side of the leaves is covered with small brownish spots, and the lower side is powdery pink.
Coccomycosis lends itself effective treatment with the help of Horus and Abiga-peak preparations strictly according to the instructions. No less effective is lime treatment (0.1 kg per 10 liters of water). Spraying is carried out at the beginning of bud break.
For prevention purposes, it is necessary to carefully remove and destroy all plant debris on the site, since the fungus is easily carried by the wind. Plum varieties resistant to coccomycosis: Bogatyrskaya, Dashenka, Alyonushka.
Plum fruit diseases: photo, description, treatment and prevention
Stone fruit crops need additional protection during the pouring and ripening of the crop. Fungal plum diseases that affect fruits are dangerous for the crop, and their treatment consists in creating necessary conditions care, and preventive treatments. If such measures are not taken, the number of fruits can be reduced by up to 60%.
Stone fruit moniliosis (lat. Monilia cinerea Bonord)
Stone fruit plants are often affected by the fungus Monilia cinerea. In the people, this disease is called fruit or gray rot.
Plum fruits begin to rot and become covered with gray growths (the body of the fungus). Tree branches wither and look burnt.
For preventive purposes, carrion should be collected regularly throughout the season, cut off the affected parts of plants, and burned. It is necessary to actively fight insects that are carriers of the disease.
To combat moniliosis, plums use the drug Skor, treating plants according to the instructions. In autumn, during the period of leaf fall, it is recommended to treat trees with a 3% Bordeaux mixture.
Plum varieties resistant to moniliosis: Award, Edinburgh, Venus.
Plum pockets (lat. Taphina pruni)
The marsupial fungus Taphina pruni infects the fruits of plums and cherry plums. Growing fruits do not form a stone, their flesh grows and deteriorates, acquiring a brown color. The fruits lose their shape, quickly deteriorate and fall off.
Similar plum diseases, photos and descriptions of which you will find in our article, hibernate in the bark and scales of the kidneys. A favorable condition for active development is high humidity during the flowering period.
As a preventive measure, it is necessary to remove plant debris and infected parts of plants in a timely manner. Fallen fruits should be collected and burned until a wax coating appears on them (before the spores begin to disperse). For protection, it is recommended to spray the trees with Bordeaux mixture, 1% blue vitriol or 3% iron vitriol during the formation of buds, and at the end of flowering.
Late plum varieties with a long flowering period are prone to damage: Memory of Temiryazev, Valor, Golden Drop.
Plum pests and their control, photos and signs of appearance
Fruit mite (lat. Panonychus ulmi)
The small insect has a brown body 0.5 mm long. The fruit mite feeds on the juice of leaves and buds, as a result of which they turn brown and fall off early. Red shiny eggs hibernate on the surface of the bark.
Among folk methods control often use strong-smelling infusions (for example, garlic), which repel pests. A simple recipe based on mustard: 10 g of powder must be infused for 2 days in 1 liter of water. The resulting liquid is diluted in a ratio of 1:5, and the plants are treated in early spring during kidney development.
Yellow plum sawfly (lat. Hoplocampa flava L.)
The larvae damage the fruits at the ovary stage. They feed on plum pits and pulp. An adult insect belongs to Hymenoptera, and has a brown body up to 5 mm long. Damaged fruits do not develop and quickly deteriorate, have bad smell excrement of the larva.
Trees are treated before flowering with Karbofos, Cyanox, Gordon preparations. For prevention, it is necessary to observe the agricultural technology of stone fruits. Since the larvae in the soil remain viable for several years, you should regularly dig up the ground in the circumferential circles.
Among folk recipes, an infusion of wormwood and spruce needles is very popular. The strong fragrance repels unwanted insects. Just 2 tablespoons of infusion in a bucket of water is enough.
Outcome
When choosing a plum variety, it is recommended to give preference to those that are resistant to common diseases. This will avoid a lot of hassle in the future. Proper Care and prevention will completely avoid the use of aggressive chemicals, and folk recipes will help to overcome infection in the early stages.
Can the entire web, or rather, its creators, be a danger to trees and shrubs in a summer cottage?
To answer this question, we need to figure out who and for what purposes creates a web on plants.
So who is capable of creating cobwebs in the garden?
A close relative of the spider in the arachnid class, the tick, can entangle the plants.
More precisely, its variety is the spider mite.
Fighting spider mites
This insect itself is very small, less than 1 mm in length. The tick creates a web in the form of transparent, cloudy films with big amount small black dots are eggs. 
For humans, it does not pose a danger, as it feeds on plant sap. But for your garden, the spider mite is a very malicious pest that can cause the drying out of both individual parts of trees and shrubs, and plants as a whole. It poses the greatest danger to ornamental and fruit species.
It entangles branches of trees and shrubs with its web, lays eggs in it, from which young offspring then emerge. Young growth is absorbed into the plant, takes away all the juices from it, leading to drying out. On branches affected spider mite leaves quickly dry out and curl outwards.
Pupation
In the garden, other web creators may also appear on plants - various needle-and leaf-eating insects belonging to the Lepidoptera order. These are butterflies whose caterpillars secrete cobweb threads to create cocoons. Most often in the garden you can find Corydalis, moths, cocoonworms, wavelets, scoops and some other species.
The web created by the caterpillars looks like a white powdery film or cotton wool, through which its creators themselves can be seen.
Spider cocoons are individual or contain colonies of caterpillars, as, for example, in the ermine moth, which in the 90s of the last century killed a huge amount of bird cherry in the Moscow region. All the forests that had this tree in their undergrowth stood in the web, as the caterpillars entangled not only bird cherry, but also nearby species.
Affected leaves are usually twisted inward and entangled in cobwebs. When deployed, you can find a caterpillar. If you saw such arachnoid formations on garden plants, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures to destroy insects and cobwebs.
How to get rid of cobwebs
There are two ways to get rid of insect pests:
- For example, manually collect cocoons with caterpillars and cut off the affected leaves with scissors or garden shears. Then the cocoons and leaves must be burned so that the caterpillars do not spread and attack the plants again. But this method of dealing with spider web pests is applicable only if the lesions are of a single local nature.
- If the whole plant or most of it is affected, then without chemical processing not enough. To do this, it is necessary to treat the culture with an aqueous solution of insecticidal preparations, such as Aktara, Confidor, Decis pro, Aktellik and others. Spraying should be carried out 3-4 times with an interval of 4-5 days.
Spider webs are harmless to plants
In the garden, very often you can see the interweaving of thin transparent threads. This is a web. She happens different size, colors - from transparent to white, with various inclusions. Its threads can draw intricate patterns. Not surprisingly, such a phenomenon causes some concern for plants.
Most often, we associate the web with the founder of its name - the spider. There are many species of spiders in the world, but only one jumping spider feeds on the green parts of tropical acacias. The rest of these insects are entirely predators and absorb insects or small animals. Therefore, the web, and the spider itself, which weaves it on plants, serve exclusively for catching insects or breeding - they pose absolutely no danger to our trees and shrubs. Rather, the opposite is true: spiders in this case act as protectors of our gardens, trapping insect pests in their nets. And since spiders and their webs do not cause harm to plants, then there is no practical sense in destroying them. But if you still don’t like seeing spider webs in the garden, then just brush it gently with a broom so as not to harm the plants and break the branches.
Recognizing the web on a plant created by spiders is quite simple. It is an openwork weave of strong transparent threads. This structure distinguishes it from the webs produced by other creatures.
It's hard for me to imagine a garden without plums. This is one of the most popular and unpretentious fruit trees that I know. When my country cottage area long years remained abandoned, plums were the only ones that continued to bear fruit. Therefore, their preservation and care for them mean a lot to me.
Here are the main types of pests:
- Common plum codling moth
- plum sawfly
- Plum (reed) pollinated aphid
Also dangerous for the garden are the pachyderm, mites (gall and red fruit mites), wrinkled sapwood. Plum trees are also susceptible to attack by less specialized insects, such as rose and net leafworms, rose leafhopper, gypsy moth, several species of moth, moth, birch tail, redtail and others.
- before the buds open
- when the first leaves appear,
- before flowering time
- before the start of maturation.
often carried out additional processing in late autumn when the crop is harvested.
common plum codling moth
It looks like a small brownish-gray butterfly about 1.5 cm in wingspan and looks a bit like a common moth. The codling moth spends the winter under the plum bark in cocoons in the form of a mature caterpillar ready for transformation.
Flight starts at last days flowering and continues all summer, until average daily temperature will not fall below +14°С. During the warm period, the life cycle is repeated twice.
To attach greenish-white eggs, the pest chooses the underside of the fruit. This only happens at night. Moreover, a separate “house” is selected for each egg. At a time, a butterfly infects up to fifty fruits. A hatching caterpillar can crawl up the drain for several hours until it finds a suitable entry site and makes its way inside.
The caterpillar does not eat the peel and carefully masks the hole. However, a spoiled fruit is easily recognizable by a drop of gum that is released at the place where the pest climbed inside. Thus, the plum tries to heal the wound.
As the caterpillar grows and feeds, it acquires a characteristic pink color. In total, this period lasts about a month, during which time the pest gradually approaches the place where the cutting is attached. In immature fruits, the codling moth eats away the bone, in well-formed fruits, the pulp around.
After that, the caterpillar comes out and pupates to start the cycle again. Some butterflies hatch in the same season, some remain in the bark until the next summer. That's why perfect time for spraying trees - immediately after flowering.
Non-toxic pest control methods:
Chemical methods of plum pest control:
- Substances of the pyrethroid class (permethrin, cypermethrin) paralyze the codling moth. These toxins are not washed off by rain for a long time and do not lose their effectiveness in the sun, but at the same time they have a selective effect (affect only certain types of insects) and are minimally toxic to humans.
- Neonicotinoids such as confidor, bankol, mospilan, aktara also have a paralytic effect on the codling moth. These substances are persistent and with a long action, while being safe for humans.
Spraying begins at the beginning of summer. It is best to change insecticides periodically. Otherwise, as in the case of bacteria and antibiotics, pests can develop immunity.
plum sawfly
This type includes not one, but two species: there is a yellow and a black sawfly. They look very similar. This is a small, a few millimeters, brown-colored fly (shown in the photo above) or black in color with lighter paws.
Sawfly cocoons wait out the winter at a depth of 5-20 cm in the soil under plum trees. Summer begins when the daytime temperature reaches +10°C, so plums with early flowering suffer the most.
Insects use buds and ovaries as a “cradle”, each female can lay 30 to 60 eggs. The yellow variety is more fertile.
Each such caterpillar eats up to 6 fruits during its growth! You can recognize an infected ovary by a dark, as if rusty, spot on its side.
Pest control without insecticides:
- Sawflies spend the winter underground, so for the prevention and control of them, it helps to dig up the soil around the trunks in late autumn. The larvae are defenseless against frost and die.
- Before flowering, sawflies can often be seen on plum branches. If you spread the bedding and shake the tree well, most of the insects will fall into the trap. Then they can be destroyed manually.
If there are a lot of insects, only spraying will help. Organophosphate pesticides, such as metaphos or karbofos, are best suited for this.
Plum (reed) pollinated aphid
The photo above shows a typical colony. Winter is experienced by eggs, waiting for the arrival of heat in the cracks in the bark. In the spring, when the buds begin to bloom, the larvae hatch. By the end of flowering, they turn into wingless females.
These females are viviparous, they can bring offspring - smaller winged aphids - up to ten times a year. Winged individuals are subsequently also capable of reproduction.
They lay eggs to reproduce next spring. For this, by the way, they can use not only the same plum, but also reeds growing nearby, from where they move back to the garden in the middle of summer.
The mass distribution of insects occurs in June-July. Numerous colonies are clearly visible: they cover the leaves, thin young shoots and ovaries with an even gray carpet of the remains of insect bodies.
Aphids suck out vital juices, thus, the threat appears not only to the crop, the life of the whole tree is in danger. In addition, additional damage is possible: the sugar-rich “milk” that insects secrete attracts ants. The sweet liquid is nutritious for the development of fungi and plum diseases.
Aphids are natural enemies ladybugs. The more of them in the garden, the better the natural protection. But if they don’t do their job, other methods of pest control on the drain will help. The main folk recipe - different types soap solutions:
- Soap-ash solution. One kilogram of ash is diluted with ten liters of boiling water and insisted for two days. After kneading 100 g of soap. Sometimes a simple soapy solution is enough: a two-hundred-gram piece laundry soap rub, add to a bucket of water and stir until completely dissolved.
- Infusion of marigolds. In this case, half a bucket of dried marigold flowers is poured with boiling water and infused for two days, after which soap is also added.
In advanced cases, a 15% solution of karbofos is used.
When spraying, it is important that the solution reaches the underside of the leaves as much as possible. The procedure should be repeated several times: immediately after bud break and after flowering.
You can learn more about the methods of dealing with plum aphids from the video:
Results
- First of all, use non-toxic pest control methods that are safe for humans, animals and beneficial insects. Remember prevention.
- If you still need more aggressive measures, use different insecticides, alternate them so that pests do not develop immunity.
- All insects have different life cycles, so the garden is treated with insecticides at least 3-4 times per summer.
- Watch out for the appearance of aphids, they are especially dangerous, because they additionally contribute to the development of fungal plum diseases.
Plum is one of the most early-growing and high-yielding among stone fruit crops. It can be successfully grown in regions that are characterized by severe weather in winter period. In terms of winter hardiness, it is second only to cherries. Depending on the variety and growing area, the yield of plums can be very high - more than 200 kg of fruit per tree. But for this you need to observe high agricultural technology.
PLUM FRUIT AND LEAF EATERS
Many factors affect the quality and quantity of the crop, but one of the main ones is the physiological state of plants, their resistance to pests and diseases. It is also important how trees are additionally protected from attacks by harmful organisms. Every year, significant damage to the plum culture is caused by the black plum sawfly, eurythoma, or plum pachyderm - pests from the order of Hymenoptera, as well as plum and eastern codling moths from the order of Lepidoptera. It is possible to limit the number of phytophages by controlling their vital activity during critical periods of development for them. To do this, you need to know how pests reproduce. are born, grow and eat. and when they are most vulnerable.
with sucking mouthparts (mites, aphids) and leaf-eating phytophages (moths, leafworms, moths, silkworms, hawthorn, goldtail, American white butterfly, or ABB). Rosana develops in one generation during the growing season. variegated golden and fight-ryshnikova leaflet. Two or three generations per vegetation give crooked currant, crooked willow, net, omnivorous and other types of leafworms. Among the moths, the plum is harmed by the winter moth, the fruit moth. fluffy, lunate and other species of this family.
Pests of the second group include codling moths - plum, oriental (in addition, it also damages shoots), sawflies, and plum pachyderm. goose and May beetles (adult insects supplement their “menu” with leaves). The most common phytophage from the second group is the black plum sawfly. In plum plantations, massively populated by the sawfly, up to 95% of the ovary is shed. Under the infected trees in the trunk circles lies a large number of fallen fruits with black exit holes on each. They were made by the larvae, leaving for cocooning in the soil after the completion of their development cycle.
The plum codling moth and the plum pachyderm, multiplying uncontrollably in plum plantations, take the “honorable” second place after the sawfly in terms of harmfulness. If the development of the larval stage of the pachypod takes place in the stone, then the larvae of the plum codling moth feed on the pulp of the fruit. During this period, they make a course around the stone to the stalk, while gnawing through vascular system in plant tissues and disturbing the circulation of nutrients. Fruits damaged by pachyderm and codling moth stain prematurely in purple and fall off.
The range of the eastern codling moth has been formed, the species is massively distributed in all areas of peach and plum cultivation. In the fight against the eastern codling moth. in addition to spraying with chemicals, are effective mechanical methods- if in time to cut and burn the damaged, withered shoots of all fruit crops(especially peach) on the site, this will limit the pest.
Scale insects and false scale insects are included in the third group of phytophages. They suck the juices from the leaves and bark of the branches, which leads to the drying and death of young trees. As a result of the toxic effect of the saliva of the California scale insect, longitudinal and transverse cracks appear on the trunk and branches. Feeding, the acacia false shield emits a large amount of honeydew, on which soot fungi then develop, polluting the leaves and branches.
The California scale insect and the American white butterfly are quarantine pests - if they appear in fruit plantations, protective measures must be taken regardless of the number of individuals.
WHEN TO START SPRAYING THE PLUM OR EVERYONE COUNTS!
In order to carry out all the necessary protective spraying on time, it is necessary to rely on the indicators of the economic harmfulness of pests (Table 1). The number of pests is determined visually by shaking them off the trees, as well as by installing and periodically cleaning pheromone traps. Before each spraying, which is carried out during the growing season, the degree of damage to the trees by harmful organisms is first examined and it is decided whether it is advisable now to treat the plants with chemical preparations.
The number of fruit sawfly is determined in the white bud phenophase, until the air temperature does not exceed 10 ° C. To do this, in the mornings, when adult insects are inactive, they shake the branches of trees and count the fallen individuals. More effective method controlling the development of this pest - white glue traps. If the number of adults in the trap exceeds the threshold (Table 1), then processing is necessary. After plum treatments with Aktara 25% c. g. or Confidor Maxi (table 2). which is carried out against sawfly adults before plum blossom, re-treatment (against larvae after flowering) is no longer needed, since these preparations have a long duration of action (21 days).
It is sometimes difficult for owners of summer cottages and personal plots to decide on the appropriateness of treatments against plum codling moth - they simply do not have enough data for this. Firstly, in order to predict the number of pests in the current season, you need to know how many insects were in the previous one. Secondly, the number of codling moth butterflies during the growing season is determined using pheromone traps. They allow you to control the population density of a species and signal the need for protective measures if the quantitative composition of butterflies exceeds the economic threshold of harmfulness (EWL).
If pheromone traps are not freely available, you can rely on the first indicator - the degree of harmfulness of the species in the previous year. If 2% of the crop was damaged, then in the current year treatments against the codling moth are necessary. For spraying to be effective. It is important to correctly set the processing time. The basis for their determination are the phenophases of fruit trees, meteorological indicators and direct observations of pests.
The period of spraying against plum codling moth is determined by the sum of effective temperatures of 200 °C (threshold 10 °C), at which the first generation caterpillars begin to hatch. Against this pest, in addition to Matcha, Lufox and biological products (Table 2], pyrethroids are also effective - Decis Profi, Karate Zeon, Arrivo, Fastak, approved for sale to the public. There is a limiting factor when using them - the air temperature should not rise above values 20 ° C. At more high temperature ultraviolet rays destroy the active substance of the drugs and reduce their effectiveness. Insecticides from the group of pyrethroids should be used during the hatching period of codling moth caterpillars, in the morning or evening time days.
According to the experiments of scientists from the Institute of Horticulture, drugs of a new group - insect growth and development regulators (Match. Lufox) are very effective against Lepidoptera, and their action does not depend on weather conditions. The duration of the toxic effect of Matcha and other insecticides of this group is 28-35 days after their application. The match is effective against codling moth caterpillars, leafworms, moths, mites. The effect of the drug is manifested in the inhibition of chitin synthesis in caterpillars during the transition from one age to another; as a result, the treated individuals cannot complete this process and die.
The spectrum of action of the drug is expanded due to the ovicidal effect - when females lay eggs on a previously treated surface of leaves or tree bark, caterpillars do not hatch from them. Match, 5% a.e. and Lufox 105 EC, k.e. should be used on plum varieties different terms maturation at the end of May - the first decade of June, during the peak of the summer of butterflies, mass oviposition and hatching of caterpillars. Plants of plum varieties of medium and late deadlines ripening is sprayed a second time (with one of the above insecticides) 28-35 days after the first treatment. Late plum varieties against plum codling moth are sprayed three times per growing season.
Among the diseases that affect the plum, clasterosporiasis (perforated spotting), fruit rot, red spotting (polystigmosis), cytosporosis, rust, gommosis (gum disease), pockets of plums, sharka or plum pox are common ( viral disease). In all regions of plum cultivation, clasterosporium “dominates”. Polystigmosis affects trees mainly in the southern regions. The remaining causative agents of plum diseases are found everywhere, to one degree or another.
To obtain stable and high-quality fruits, scientists recommend an integrated protection system (ISZ) for plums, developed at the Institute of Horticulture. It is aimed at combating both pests and diseases, and takes into account the peculiarities of their development and distribution. According to the ISS, highly effective preparations are used to protect the garden.
ECO-METHODS OF PLUM PEST CONTROL
For connoisseurs of organic products, there is a simple method for protecting fruits using microbiological insecticides. Bitoxibacillin (BTB), lepidocid, gaupsin are effective against plum codling moth and other species of lepidoptera. The production of these environmentally safe and highly effective preparations is seriously carried out at the Odessa Engineering and Technology Institute "Biotekhnika", at the Institute of Plant Protection (Kyiv), as well as at some regional plant protection stations. The preparations are available in liquid form, with a consumption rate of 100 ml per 10 liters of water. Against each generation, two treatments are carried out, with an interval of 8-10 days.
If possible, it is necessary to abandon the use of chemicals against the plum codling moth or reduce their quantity and consumption rate (the so-called economically feasible reduction), since the insecticides used in summer period, destroy beneficial insects that can keep populations of ticks, aphids, and mining moths at subthreshold levels.
Goldentail
To reduce the consumption of chemical insecticides, use herbal preparations with insecticidal properties. Against aphids, the codling moth is effective hot pepper. (1 kg of fresh or 0.5 kg of dry pods is poured into 10 liters of water, kept for two days, boiled for 1 hour, cooled and insisted for two hours). The prepared broth is stored in dark place in well-sealed containers. Before flowering use 0.2
l of concentrate, after flowering - 0.1 l per 10 l of water. A decoction of wormwood is also used as an insecticide. To do this, during the flowering period, the leaves and upper parts of the plant are collected, then half a bucket of fresh or 700-800 g of dried mass is poured into 10 liters of water, insisted for a day, boiled for 30 minutes, cooled and 10 liters of water are added.
ADDITIONAL MEASURES FOR PLUM PEST CONTROL
When conducting protective measures on fruit-bearing plums or other crops, it is advisable to apply pesticides and mineral fertilizers together. Tank mixtures of insecticides, fungicides and fertilizers are simultaneously effective against insects, pathogens, have a wide range of protective effects, prevent the emergence of resistant populations harmful organisms, create favorable conditions for the development of plants.
Combined compounds of insectofungicides with mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska, urea or ammonium nitrate) are highly effective. Using mineral fertilizers with a consumption rate of 30-50 g per 10 liters of water improves technological quality working solution - suspensions and emulsions are more stable, better wet the leaf surface and “stick” well, holding on to it. By adding fertilizer to the working solution, you can reduce the consumption rate of insecticides by 20-30%.
In addition to protective measures, it is important to maintain agricultural technology at high level. Care fruit trees includes watering and fertilizing. Plants need an additional portion of moisture in the summer, in the heat, in late autumn they need and water-charging irrigation. Top dressing with fertilizers (root and non-root) improves the physiological state of trees and increases their resistance to adverse environmental conditions.
In addition to biological, chemical, mechanical and agrotechnical methods of protection, immunological also occupies an important place in the IHS. By cultivating plum cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to one or more pests, the number of protective sprays can be reduced while still producing good yields of quality fruit.
The habitat of the yellow and black plum sawflies includes Central Asia, Western and Eastern Europe. These hymenoptera fruits of plum trees different varieties. Larvae cause damage to gardens. Adult individuals feed on pollen and nectar of cherry plum, wild pear, and blackthorn. Conditions for the development of insects are high humidity and moderate heat. In dry years, some of the larvae do not pupate, but go into a state of diapause, waiting for suitable conditions.
Life cycle and structural features.
In the spring, when the buds on the plum begin to turn pink, the black plum sawfly flies out. Summer can last up to 15 days at an air temperature of +15 degrees. After mating, the female lays light green eggs one at a time in the sepals of the still unopened buds. Maximum one female can lay up to 60 eggs. After 12 days, larvae emerge from the eggs. At the first age, the larva eats the pulp in the upper part of the ovary. In the second age, the middle part of the fetus and the bone are damaged. Damaged fruits fall off.
Photo: Life cycle plum sawfly.
- Insect;
- Insect larva of the first age;
- Larva in fruit;
- Larva of the second and subsequent instars;
- Plum fruits flecked with larvae.
The life cycle of the yellow plum sawfly is similar to that of the black counterpart. The size of adult insects of both species is about 5 mm, the length of the larva is up to 8 mm. External differences are in color. The black species of the pest has a black head, abdomen and breast, light wings with a brown stigma, brown legs with a black base. The yellow plum pest has a yellow-brown abdomen, head and chest, 3 pairs of legs yellow color. The larvae of this species damage the pulp of the pericarp and the still soft young stone of the plum fruit.
Methods for the prevention and control of plum sawflies.
Plum sawfly larvae change their feeding place, damaging up to 6 fruits each. The most selected for breeding best plants, with a dense crown, protected from the wind and not damaged by other pests. Therefore, before flowering, it is necessary to treat the plum with chlorophos, gardona, karbofos, rogor, cidal, cyanox. Be sure to spray the plum at the end of flowering (per 10 liters of water).
- Tarzan, VE - 4 ml.
- Novaktion, VE - 13 ml.
- Insegar - 4 years
Chemical treatment can be repeated if there is a massive departure of insects.
The fight against the plum sawfly can be carried out not only by chemical methods.
- In early spring, before insects fly out of cocoons, the garden is treated with an infusion of wormwood or a solution of coniferous concentrate. The strong smell will repel pests.
- The larvae wintering in the soil can be destroyed by autumn digging and loosening of tree trunks.
- Before plum blossoms in cloudy weather, adults can be shaken onto the litter.
- And be sure to produce
