Laying clinker tiles on the facade of the house. Clinker tiles - laying procedure and operating tips. Wear resistance and mechanical strength
No construction material cannot boast of such wear resistance, strength and frost resistance as clinker tiles. Its popularity is also due to the fact that it is a material that has been tested for centuries and is made exclusively from natural raw materials. Clinker, in fact, has no drawbacks. Laying clinker tiles is distinguished by its features and rules, depending on the surface on which it is laid - stone, plaster, brick, insulation.
Preparatory work
The base for facing with clinker tiles must be made of reinforced frost-resistant concrete or plaster, it must be even and have sufficient bearing capacity. The base must be free of cracks, void pockets that can fill with water, and loose parts. The substrate must be free of dirt and substances that reduce adhesion - grease, dust, lubricating oil, bituminous mastics, fragile paint coatings.
When using tiles, to prevent moisture penetration, pay attention to Special attention on waterproofing coating. Fragile areas that are constantly crumbling will have to be removed. Uneven bases should be leveled with repair plaster 3 days before laying the clinker tiles.
For laying clinker, concrete is suitable, the age of which is more than 3 months, and the moisture content is less than 4%, cement-sand and cement-lime plasters with an age of more than 28 days and a moisture content of less than 4%, a reinforced protective layer prepared from mixtures aged at least 3 days .
If you are going to lay tiles on the facade of the building, it is recommended to use a heat-insulating base or facade thermal panels with clinker tiles. So it will turn out to save up to 80% of money on heating and increase thermal comfort in the house. Thermal insulation prevents the spread of heat in external environment, and also protects housing from the penetration of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Adhesive preparation
For laying clinker tiles, you can prepare a traditional building mixture with a mechanical mixer: for internal works 4 parts of sand and 1 part of M-500 cement should be taken, for the street - 3 parts of sand and 1 part of cement.
The mass must contain the required amount of water and be plastic. Before applying the solution, the surface prepared for laying should be evenly wetted. The solution is applied with a thickness of about 4 centimeters and leveled with a rail. A clean cement powder is applied to the wet surface of the mortar in order to completely absorb excess water. The tile is laid on a layer of mortar, then it is wetted with water and covered with polyethylene for uniform hardening of the mortar.
For laying clinker tiles, you can use a special adhesive solution, which is prepared strictly according to the instructions. Make sure that the scope of application of this adhesive corresponds to the real area. It is worth noting that clinker glue is most often applied to the tile itself, since you will leave pencil calculations on the base, and the adhesive mass can hide or smear them.
Clinker laying is recommended to be carried out in accordance with the recommendations for the use of glue. It is necessary to use not too much glue so that the mass does not have time to wind or dry. Remove any remaining adhesive mixture before it dries.
Clinker laying procedure
Tiles must be installed after removing them from their packages and mixing them beforehand to avoid sharp color deviations. To achieve a perfectly even line of seams, it is recommended to lay out the tiles based on the direction of the grooves on the back of the product. Freshly laid tiles should be protected from moisture. Usually, when laying, the width of the seam does not exceed 12 millimeters.
Clinker can be laid on building facades if average daily temperature is within plus 5 - 30 degrees Celsius. When installing clinker tiles, it is necessary to take into account the level of air humidity and windiness, since these indicators affect the drying rate of the adhesive for tiles.
It is highly undesirable to lay clinker tiles in the rain. It is recommended to use awnings and backdrops when working with material in damp, cold or extremely hot weather. But the thermal panel, even if the clinker material is present on its surface, can be installed at any time of the year, when it is more convenient for you.
Direct laying of clinker tiles begins with the design of doors and windows. To begin with, carefully calculate the boundaries of the location of the tiles and apply the appropriate marks with a pencil. Clinker tiles are the backbone of your façade design and any mistake in laying the material will inevitably catch the eye.
After the doors and windows are tiled, it is worth taking care of the corners of the building. In order to maximize the laying of corners convenient process for builders, ready-made corner tiles are on sale, which successfully emphasize the walls and look natural. Most often, for wall cladding, they are divided into squares, the side of which is equal to one meter. If the tile does not fit into the square, it can always be cut with a saw. On final stage think about the outer window sill.
Dark-colored clinker tiles are not recommended for use on facades higher than 6 meters from the ground. Exceptions are those cases where it is planned to decorate with dark tiles decorative elements, however, their width should not exceed 50 centimeters. The area of the facade, which is covered with dark clinker at a height of 5 - 28 meters, should not be more than 20% of the facade area. Such limitations of facing the facade with dark-colored clinker tiles are associated with the prevention of overheating of the building.
Creating seams
The joints can be filled with a composition that consists of 1 part sand and 2 parts Portland cement, the density of which is regulated by adding the right amount water to obtain the required fluidity. Corresponding grout mixtures are currently commercially available, which differ different colors and different properties depending on their use.
Spread the solution with a rubber or plastic spatula. When filling the joints, be especially careful, make sure that excess mixture does not get on the surface of the clinker tiles. If this happens, try to remove the mass before it is completely dry.
When the seams are dry, wash the surface with enough water and check that it does not remain anywhere. Best effect to wash away dirt and marks cement mortar achieved by using a jet of water from a hose or washing machines high pressure. If after a few days the clinker has traces of cement, it is worth using special substances for this purpose. After cleaning, the surface must be thoroughly washed again.
Recently, despite its price, clinker tiles have gained immense popularity. Clinker installation is a fairly simple process, but it is worth adhering to some of the subtleties of the procedure. In order for the clinker material to become a real protection of the building and at the same time give the building a unique appearance, it is necessary to take special care in its installation.
Thanks to this abundance positive qualities facade clinker wide application in construction and facing works. Among other things, clinker finishing allows you to profitably solve the problem of sound insulation.
Clinker decorating techniques
Facing work on finishing the facade with clinker is divided into three types, namely:
- in the form of facing masonry with a cavity for ventilation taken into account;
- in the form of facing masonry without a thermal ventilation gap and with a transverse overlap;
- a combination of a thermal insulation layer and its protective lining made of clinker.
Exterior cladding is the most popular for prefabricated structures. It must be carried out at a relatively short distance from bearing wall, which according to the technology guarantees optimal air circulation. Pairing of facing layer with bearing wall achieved with steel anti-corrosion wire structures, which are laid at least every four rows of masonry.
Characteristic features of mounting the facade with clinker bricks
When finishing the outer side of the building, a full-bodied facade clinker or hollow clinker with vertical voids is used. The material used has a fairly diverse palette of colors. These may be bricks of a typical reddish-brown color, or they may be colored, depending on the design. In the catalog of almost all manufacturers there are series with unique colors.
The texture of facade clinker can also be different: from completely smooth to ribbed or with grains of sand. To date, with the help of the play of color and texture of the material, designers achieve various decorative effects, which greatly enlivens the facade, and at the same time helps to reliably hide some external flaws.
Basic rules for finishing the facade with clinker
Upon request and availability necessary tool and materials clinker facade you can do it yourself. In doing so, certain guidelines must be followed.:
- For more effective protection from external factors, such as wind and water, it is recommended to provide additional moisture protection for external transverse ceilings. A full seam effectively blocks the penetration of rainwater.
- Moisture invariably affects the longevity and viability of wood structures. Properly equipped ventilation space will ensure optimal preservation of wood moisture in any weather and air temperature.
- To work with clinker bricks or tiles, a set of tools is used, which is practiced when facing with ceramic tiles.
- It is important to know that when facing facades with clinker, only special adhesives and grouts are used, which are commercially available in finished form. The seams in the exterior masonry do not protrude and do not become too recessed, the seams that are flush with the wall surface look most acceptable.
In conclusion, let's summarize
In this article, we tried to consider everything, pointed out the positive and negative sides use of this facing material, gave necessary advice for its installation. If some points remain incomprehensible to you, be sure to watch the video for this article.
Detailed video on the installation of clinker tiles
Clinker tiles have taken a strong place in the building materials market. It is used for facade cladding, for decorating rooms and embodying the most interesting and daring ideas. What explains the popularity of the material? How is clinker tile installed?
Features of clinker tiles
Clinker is made from clay, which is fired at temperatures above 1200 C.
Often clinker can be seen on the floor in the garage, in unheated premises. This explains the high strength characteristics material and other distinguishing features.
The advantages include:
- Low moisture absorption: thanks to this, the tile can be used for facade cladding, it is not afraid of moisture and direct water ingress.
- Resistant to temperature extremes and frost resistance. The less moisture the material absorbs, the higher its frost resistance. In this case, the clinker tile shows its best side.
- Durability: the material retains an attractive appearance and strength characteristics for 50 years.
- Resistance to mechanical damage: clinker withstands impacts and other mechanical impacts along with natural stone.
The richness of colors and shapes make tiles a popular material for cladding.
Stages of clinker installation
All work can be divided into the following stages:
- preparatory work and marking;
- installation of tiles;
- finishing work and further care. TO finishing work includes grouting.
Foundation preparation
Clinker is laid on concrete, plastered and wooden surfaces. The substrate must be solid, clean and dry.
The weight of the clinker tile is small, but if there are fragments on the base that do not hold well, it is better to knock them down and level the base with plaster or a starting putty mixture.
If the surface is dusty or absorbs a lot of moisture, treat it with a special primer. The primer not only improves adhesion, but also additionally strengthens upper layer base so that it does not crumble.
The primer is designed to reduce the moisture absorption of the base. This is an important factor, otherwise the surface will quickly draw moisture from adhesive composition. It will be inconvenient to work with it, it will dry out quickly, and the tile will not have time to fix on the base.
Before starting work, consider how you will lay the clinker. Choose the material that is the maximum multiple of the surface area. Calculate how many rows you will need where trimming is required.
note
For clinker, spacer crosses are used for seams, the thickness of the seam can be from 4 to 10 mm. This value should be taken into account in the calculations.
Tool selection
Preparation should include the purchase necessary materials and purchase of tools. To lay clinker tiles, you will need the following tool:
- A set of spatulas. A notched trowel is required to apply the required amount of mortar to the base, and the rest play a supporting role. The height of the teeth and the size of the spatula depends on the size of the tile. The larger the spatula, the larger the layer of glue will be used.
- Container for mixing glue.
- Rubber mallet.
- Crosses of the desired thickness.
- Drill with a nozzle or construction mixer. To prepare adhesive solution quickly and without lumps, you will need a mixer.
- Bulgarian for cutting tiles.
Installation
Now we will consider all the nuances of installing clinker in the form step by step instructions. How to prepare a solution? How to cut clinker?
Laying clinker tiles on the wall - video recommendation
Solution preparation
There are instructions on the package with glue. Follow the instructions for proportions and cooking technology. Fill the container with water, and then gradually add dry powder glue.
Stir the solution at low speed, stir from the bottom. After preparation, wait 10 minutes for the solution to infuse. Then stir again and you can get to work.
Keep in mind that the solution has a working time. For a certain time, it will retain plasticity, and it will be convenient to work with it. If you do not have the skills of a professional tiler, then do not stir a lot of mortar at once, otherwise it will disappear.
If you see that the solution has begun to set, mix it again with a mixer. Don't add water, that's a big mistake. In this case, the solution loses its properties and will not be able to provide adhesion and a fight with the base.
Laying on a horizontal base
Often clinker can be seen on the floor in the garage, in unheated rooms. Laying clinker tiles on the porch - rational decision, because it is possible to provide high aesthetics and durability of the cladding with one shot.
- The surface is clean and primed. Some tilers use Betonokontakt quartz sand primers to improve adhesion.
- Inspect the clinker before starting work. Tiles within the same lot may have a slight difference in shade. Stir tiles to achieve random styling tiles of different colors.
- Apply glue to the base, remove all excess with a notched trowel.
- Lay down the first row. You can correct the position of the tile with a rubber mallet. Check the correct laying of each row.
- Insert crosses and start laying the second row.
Laying clinker on the facade
The clinker is laid on vertical surfaces. For mounting tiles on the walls of a building, two options are used:
- "wet way" laying;
- ventilated facade technology.
The wet method assumes that the clinker is laid on the tile adhesive on cement base. The adhesive must be frost-resistant, resistant to moisture and suitable for outdoor use.
The base must be prepared and not have drops. The primer will improve adhesion and stabilize moisture absorption.
The tile is laid on the mortar, its position can be corrected rubber mallet. Laying starts clinker brick from the second row and chases up. The bottom row is laid at the end, after laying the terrace tiles. This allows you to hide the cut edges of the terrace cladding.
Ventilated facade technology
The technology involves the installation of a crate to which the clinker will be attached. It is possible to install insulation between the riser profiles of the crate.
- The markup is made, the step of the riser profiles is assigned.
- Riser profiles and a starting profile are attached to the brackets.
- The distance between the transverse guide rails depends on the dimensions of the tile.
- The clinker is fastened according to the provided fastening method.
Before laying the clinker tiles on the wall, a sheet insulation is mounted between the riser rails. It is glued to adhesives for outdoor work, and then additionally fixed with dowels.
Tile cutting
You can cut clinker tiles in different ways:
- tile cutter;
- grinder;
- hacksaw for metal.
Each of the methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The tile cutter will provide an even and neat cut, there will be no noise and dust, but due to the high density of the clinker, the tile cutter wheel will soon have to be changed. It wears out faster.
The grinder and the circle on the tile will cope with any tasks and any thickness of the tile. But there will be a lot of dust and noise, which is not always possible.
A hacksaw will cut the clinker tiles, but the procedure will require more time and effort, and the cut will be uneven.
Grouting
After a day, you can start grouting, the clinker should firmly and securely adhere to the surface. You can rub the seams with special grouts for clinker tiles.
The fact is that the large thickness of the seam in the clinker tile does not allow the use of all grouts in a row. Use a rubber spatula or a trowel with glued rubber to fill the entire depth of the seam.
After you need to remove the remnants of the grout from the tile. A wet and hard sponge or a grater glued with a sponge will help with this. Do not be afraid to press: the clinker can withstand severe loads and mechanical stress.
The use of thermal panels
Separately, I want to talk about the use of thermal panels. This is both a beautiful cladding of the house and insulation of the entire building. The thermal panel consists of a layer of polyurethane foam up to 10 cm thick and a clinker tile, which is the upper part of such a panel.
Why you should use thermal panels:
- excellent frost resistance, the ability to withstand frosts up to -40C;
- durability: lining and insulation will last 50 years;
- the thickness of the thermal panel is only 10 cm, but this guarantees a significant reduction in thermal losses;
- protection from precipitation and other atmospheric phenomena.
Using this technology, you simultaneously protect the facade of the building from the influence of atmospheric phenomena, strong winds and sun rays. And at the same time achieve beauty appearance buildings and high aesthetics. 
Outcome
Clinker tiles please with strength, durability, low water absorption. Its popularity is constantly growing, so the material is used for indoor and outdoor use.
Do-it-yourself clinker tile laying - achievable goal. A little practice and everything will work out.
Clinker tiles are a popular building material, their installation is quite simple, but there are still some nuances. Often it begins with the installation of thermal insulation, but sometimes you can do without it. This applies to cases when this tile is laid simply for beauty. The scope of this facing material is very wide: facade decoration, interior spaces, paving garden paths, entrances to garages.
Clinker tiles can be safely called an environmentally friendly product, since no artificial dyes or plasticizers are used in its manufacture. The main raw materials are specific grades of highly plastic clays. The production process is that the clay is subjected to strong pressing and firing at a temperature of 1200 degrees. For this reason, the material is extremely strong, and the shade is formed during firing. But that's not all the benefits:
- high quality;
- low water absorption;
- excellent frost resistance;
- durability;
- unpretentiousness in care;
- resistance to changes in temperature, humidity, fungi and bacteria;
- dense structure provides resistance to mechanical stress.
In all respects, clinker tiles exceed the requirements European standards, But functional characteristics its merits are not limited. As for decorative expressiveness, it also occupies a leading position here.
One of the advantages of clinker tiles is the uniformity of color, due to which chips, scratches, minor damage are almost invisible.
Clinker tiles are produced in a rich color scheme, which has more than 100 options, ranging from rich red to neutral white. Moreover, this diversity is achieved not only color solutions, the surface of the tile can be rough, raw, glazed. And the extrusion method allows you to manufacture products of the most different sizes and forms.
The technology of laying clinker tiles requires strict adherence to certain principles, guided by them, even a novice tiler will be able to perfectly cope with this process.
The basis for laying such tiles can be concrete, reinforced concrete, brick walls, cement screeds, metal, old surfaces. The main thing is that it be durable and, of course, even, as well as previously cleaned of dirt, lime, grease, dust, rust, residues paint coatings. Don't forget about vertical alignment.
Important: all loose plaster elements must be removed.
Before laying clinker tiles, you need to determine the size and position of the expansion joints. This indicator depends on the rigidity of the joint filler, the operating conditions of the room.
Important: the distance between the expansion joints varies between 4-10 mm.
If the substrate is dusty or highly absorbent, it is advisable to treat the surface with a special primer emulsion. Priming stabilizes and strengthens the base, in addition, the adhesion of the mortar and the base increases. As for the irregularities, they are repaired putty mixture, leveling solution.
Steps made of clinker tiles are perfectly combined with any finish, do not slip
Before you start laying clinker facade tiles, you need to consider the location of the tiles, because the size of the surface is not always a multiple of the size of the tile, taking into account the width of the seam. In such cases, you have to cut the tile.
Laying facade tiles starts from the bottom, and even better - from the second row. The plinth row (first) should be glued after laying the terrace tiles. This trick is used to hide the uneven edges of the terrace tiles, because they are less easily cut due to hardness.
The choice of the spatula number directly depends on the size of the tile, naturally, the larger it is, the larger the teeth should be. In order for the seams to be the same, it is necessary to use remote crosses.
To prepare the glue, the mixture is poured into water and stirred either manually or mechanically. After stirring, the resulting solution is left for 10 minutes for the final dissolution of all chemical components.
Important: strict observance of the norms specified in the instructions is mandatory.
The adhesive mixture is applied to the surface of no more than one square meter, because the solution retains its adhesive characteristics for only 10-30 minutes. The specific time depends on air humidity, temperature, type of substrate. If the mortar has already dried on the wall, it should be removed and a new layer applied.
Sealing of joints can be started if the clinker tiles are firmly and securely connected to the surface (after about 24 hours). This process is carried out using special grouts: the solution is deeply introduced into the seam using a grater with glued rubber or rubber spatula. After a matte film has appeared on the tile, you can remove the excess putty mass (with a hard sponge, grater, which is pasted over with an abrasive sponge).
Places where facade tiles under the brick is in contact with fittings, door and window frame, filled with silicone or polyurethane sealant (this also applies to expansion joints). To carry out this process correctly, you need to moisten the silicone mass and the adjacent surface of the tile with water using a manual sprayer. Such moistening prevents the sealant from sticking to the clinker tiles.
Important: you can also seal the tiles with special tape, which should be torn off after the sealant has hardened.
Sealant residues must be removed with a special tool, which in addition gives the seam a shape.
Facade thermal panels with clinker
Facade thermal panels with clinker tiles are resistant to chemical, thermal, biological influences. These are original slabs of expanded polystyrene, lined with clinker tiles. This material found use relatively recently widespread not purchased yet. But its advantages speak for themselves: the facade cladding of residential buildings has an impeccable appearance, as well as durability, high insulation efficiency and reduced heat loss.
Facade thermal panels include two layers: decorative cladding clinker and layer thermal insulation material
The installation of thermal panels does not require the use of complex mechanisms, plus, the cost of finishing, repairing the facade is reduced, the problems of ventilation and the formation of cold bridges are solved.
Laying clinker tiles on the floor
In order to save money, it is quite possible to refuse the services of professional craftsmen, but quality styling clinker tiles is possible only subject to correct specifics.
It all starts with the preparation of the foundation - the creation of optimal conditions. This means that the surface must be perfect: this indicator is checked by a level. When preparing the base, you should take into account the bearing capacity of the surface and check for cracks, hollow pockets. This is very important, as moisture entering the hole will cause the tiles to break and swell.
Preparation of clinker tiles - this stage involves mixing tiles from different packages, because there may be slight differences in color. For this reason, it is advisable to mix the tiles and carry out a test laying before laying.
The laying of clinker tiles on the floor is carried out according to the equivalent for installation of any floor tiles building standards
If a cement component is used as an adhesive, then first the mortar is laid on the base (4 cm thick), leveled, cement powder is applied, tiles are laid out, moistened and covered with polyethylene.
WITH adhesive mixtures everything is much simpler, the main thing here is to follow the instructions indicated on the package and use only glue specially designed for clinker tiles.
Formation, filling of seams - the first is carried out using a reference seam: parallelism is observed or plastic crosses are used for this. As for filling, sand, cement or grout is useful here. Joint fillers must be protected from chemical attack and contamination - for this they are covered with a protective emulsion.
Surface cleaning takes place only after the joints have completely dried. The clinker coating is washable ordinary water, it is allowed to use special means.
Installation of clinker tiles is a delicate matter, but quite feasible, observing building codes and laying rules, the coating will be durable.
