Decorative plaster solutions. Terrazit plasters Necessary tools and materials
Special, otherwise called decorative, plasters require a special technique for applying to the surface. In this article, we will tell you about how to properly finish wall coverings with terrazitic and stone-like plaster.
Decorative plasters can be laid on the walls using the technology of applying ordinary plaster. However, as a rule, special coatings applied to already lined preparatory layer conventional plaster base. Thus, before you start decorating, you need to prepare the surface: lay two layers of plaster (spray and primer). And then proceed to work with special plaster.
Application of terrasite plaster
Terrazit plaster is a dry mixture, which includes cement, fluffy lime, quartz sand and decorative fillers with coloring pigments. Most often, natural stone chips act as a filler, and the size of the filler particles can vary from 2 to 6 mm.
1. After applying the main layer of ordinary plaster (primer), take a comb and, without waiting for the solution to dry, cover the surface with horizontal undulating notches. Place the strips at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. The relief of the base structure will contribute to better adhesion of the plaster layers.
2. Wait for the base layer to dry completely.
3. Wet the surface evenly with water. Two hours after water procedures", start applying decorative plaster.
4. Dilute the mixture with water (according to the manufacturer's instructions on the package).
5. Start applying the coating in the same way as you would normal plaster, using a trowel, a falcon and a rule. Lay the coating in several (2-3) layers. The total thickness of decorative plaster should not exceed 15-17 mm (for coarse filler). When using fine-grained fillers, the formation thickness can be as low as 8 mm.
6. Level the surface with a trowel. Grout quickly but gently, otherwise your coating risks getting unsightly white spots. Responsibility for the spoiled appearance will lie with the fluffy lime that is part of the solution, which is very prone to rubbing.
7. Let the plaster coat dry and harden, this usually takes about 24 hours, and proceed with the sanding. A light touch on the finish with your finger will help you determine the possibility of starting sanding work: if the coating immediately began to crumble and crumble, then the right moment has come.
8. Wear protective goggles, as flying plaster particles can damage your eyes.
9. Use a special grater: nail nails in a checkerboard pattern to a board with dimensions of 150 × 150 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. The nails keep a distance of approximately 15 mm from each other and protrude from the surface of the board by 10-15 mm.
10. Sequentially move the trowel from top to bottom over the fresh coating, applying light pressure to form small indentations from crumbling plaster.
11. You can also work ready tool- cycle, which is a thin steel plate mounted on the handle. Take it with both hands and move it smoothly over the surface.
12. Remember that scraping should be done by moving the tool all the time in one direction - otherwise the surface will look spotty and lose some of its charm.
13. To facilitate the scraping process, such a tool will help you, as a rule: with its help you can create perfectly even stripes on the coating (a similar texture is called processed “under a fur coat”).
14. Finally, remove the resulting dust with a broom or a stiff hair brush and enjoy aesthetic appearance walls of your house.
Application of stone-like plaster
Stone-like plaster forms the original wall covering of any room. Its texture imitates the surfaces of various natural stones - granite, marble and others.
1. Swipe preparatory work by analogy with the application of terrazitic plaster (complete the first 3 points).
2. Apply a thin (1-2 mm) layer of cement diluted with water to a creamy state on the ground.
3. Trowel a layer decorative mortar 5-8 mm thick and level it.
4. Rinse the surface with water using a hand sprayer.
5. Then you can depict the texture "under the hammer" (metal tetrahedral hammer). To do this, alternately compact the plaster layer with special stamping (size - 150 × 150 mm) from of stainless steel. The forging must be equipped with protruding pyramidal teeth. Bush hammers usually have an even number of teeth: 16, 25, 36 and 64.
6. Wait 3-4 days and treat the coating with 10% hydrochloric acid solution, and then rinse with water.
Please note that the texture of the surface can be made not only “under the hammer”, but also processed with a trojan (striated texture), tongue and groove (under a roughly chipped stone) or scarpel (small stone chips).
On this stage you can stop, satisfied with the condition of the finished coating, or continue to finish the surface by cutting rusts (textured recesses).
7. Make a drawing by breaking the cover into rectangles or squares.
8. Transfer the pattern lines to the plaster with a cord and ruler, scratching thin strips with a cutter or trowel.
9. Gradually cut out the narrow recesses of the rusts. You can use a special device for rustication: two straight slats linked together with a gap of 10-12 mm between them. However, the presence of such a tool is not at all mandatory. You can also fill the rust with sharp blows of a hammer on a steel strip 8-10 mm thick attached to the intended line.
Plaster mix intended for formation of the main and finishing plaster layer. (the mixture is tinted in accordance with the wishes of the client)
Dry painted mixture of lime, cement, marble (stone or granite) chips, sand and mineral paints. Perhaps the introduction of mica (for shine). Depending on the tasks, aggregates of different fractions are used in the mixture. Aggregate fractions:
Scope of material
- the device of a decorative plaster layer;
- coating device visually reminiscent of natural stone
- restoration of the outer decorative layer of architectural monuments
- restoration of facades of architectural monuments
- repair of local damages of the external decorative coating of architectural monuments
- local repair of facade blocks made of natural stone
- local repair of facade blocks made of artificial stone
- for external and internal works
Material Advantages
- using various methods machining, you can get a variety of surface textures;
- the material is made under the order and allows to realize the most various wishes of the customer;
- terrazite coating contains dyes in its formulation and does not require additional finishing costs;
- Terrazit coating has a significantly higher resistance to mechanical damage;
- the composition of the material includes only natural components, which makes it environmentally friendly;
- the surface obtained as a result of applying terrasite has no joints or seams and looks like a single whole.
- terrazitic coatings are maintainable;
- the surface of the coating can be washed using modern cleaning products without fear of damaging the appearance.
- for outdoor and internal use.
Foundation preparation:
If necessary, peeling elements, loose and fragile fragments should be cleaned old plaster, from fragments of old paint coatings, from dust from concrete surfaces remove scale and formwork. The substrate to be coated must be clean, free from dust, dirt, efflorescence or foreign contaminants that reduce adhesion to the substrate. Before starting work, the surface to be treated should be saturated with water and filled with a working solution of deep sinks, potholes, cavities, etc.
Application:
Decorative terrasite plastering of facades should be carried out in two stages: to level the surface of the wall, an ordinary primer layer is applied, and after it has hardened, a colored covering layer is applied. The soil surface is cut into wavy grooves in a horizontal direction with a depth of at least 3 mm. The application of the decorative layer should be made after the primer has hardened, i.e., approximately 6-10 hours after its application. For the primer material applied to the wall, it is necessary to provide care in the form of periodic wetting of the surface of the applied mixture with water (2-3 times a day) for 3 days. The thickness of the decorative layer is determined based on maximum size aggregate and is indicated in the table "aggregate fractions". The material is applied in two steps - spraying and basting. The closed mixture should be worked out within 2 hours after mixing.
Fine-grained and medium-grained textures are obtained by surface treatment by “scraping”, i.e., by removing cycles of the surface film of the material. Scraping should begin after the mortar has set, approximately 1 hour after it has been leveled. Scraping of uniformly granular compositions in a semi-hardened state is not allowed in order to avoid whitish stripes and spots. A uniform coarse-grained stone-like texture is obtained by processing cement coarse-grained plaster in a hardened state with a sandblaster or by the “washing” method.
Processing terrasite plaster by washing eliminates the laborious process of forging the surface, which gives great savings. work force and significantly reduces surface treatment time. Washing terrazitic plaster. Processing of terrazite plaster by washing consists in the fact that after applying and smoothing the decorative layer from its surface, using a paint spray gun or a high-pressure water apparatus (for example, Karcher), cement is washed out and the structure of stone chips is exposed.
In this case, it is necessary to use the minimum amount of water necessary only to wash off the cement from the outer surface of the stone chips. Excess water weakens the connection of the upper layer of stone grains with the main mass of the decorative layer, as a result of which their chipping may occur.
processed in this way decorative layer must be kept moist for a week after completion of work.
Security measures:
The work must be carried out in rubber gloves, which corresponds to the safety of plastering work. If the composition gets on the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory organs, rinse them well with water.
Storage:
In a dry place wooden pallet- up to 12 months
Delivery form:
Bag 25kg.
Any owner seeks to give attractiveness to his home both inside and out. Therefore, it makes the walls of the premises and the facade of the building such that it meets all the requirements and standards, and is also beautiful.
A distinctive variant of the reincarnation of design inside and outside the premises is the use of terrazitic plaster, which provides a high quality finish. In most cases, this material is used for outdoor work, although it is quite suitable for internal renovation.
Recently, this material has been used more and more. Despite the wide range of compositions on the market, it is this material that is preferable to others, because it attracts buyers with its appearance.
What is terrazzo plaster
This mixture is included in the list of materials related to the category of coarse decorative plaster mixes and more often used in the repair of walls than in their decoration. The composition has an affordable cost, does not cause difficulties during operation, and application to the walls is easy to do with your own hands.
What are the advantages of the material
Among the distinguishing features positive include:
- Impressive service life without loss of external attractiveness of the surface.
- impact resistance environment and atmospheric events.
- Elegant appearance.
What is the material made of
The component composition of terrazite plaster includes:
- lime;
- 30-35% cement;
- fillers: marble flour, quartz sand, mica, textured pebbles or other decorative components.
When applying the material, you can give it the desired texture due to the grinding features, which allows it to organically fit into the style of the house: exterior or internal arrangement. The material with the selected type of filler is applied in advance to the prepared wall surface. Let us examine in more detail how the technology of terrasite plaster is carried out, namely the process of applying the mixture to the walls.
Features of the material application process
The application technology is to some extent similar to the process of applying a decorative tool for walls "Bark beetle", but has its own differences, since the compositions differ in their component composition. To apply the material, a metal floor is used, and the desired thickness is achieved by applying plaster in several layers. Then they start grinding, since different textures require different thicknesses of the material.
Note! Before starting work, terrazite plaster should be moistened abundantly for better adhesion of the layers. After applying the material to the surface, it is left to dry for 12-24 hours, after which it is ground and cycled. To do this, use special embossed graters, including those with sharp spikes, which help to achieve the desired texture. When forming a coating, try to capture the maximum area, otherwise the joints of the layers will be too noticeable (an analogy with the application of "Bark beetle").
Please note that the joints are thought out in advance, trying to make them in inconspicuous places. Plastering of the entire surface is carried out entirely, avoiding interruptions. Otherwise, you will have to additional processing dried edge to get rid of it. To do this, you will have to moisten the surface and wait until it softens.
To eliminate cracks, half trowels are used. If the snatch layer is covered with cracks, then it will have to be redone again. Having distributed the mixture over the surface completely and evenly, the beacons can be removed, and the places where they were located can be repaired with a colored primer.
How long will this cover last?
By doing the job right, you don’t have to worry about any difficulties or problems in the process. During the operation of the building, you will be able to check how high-quality this material is, how well it is operated, regardless of the microclimate of the room and the place of surface finishing (inside the house or outside the building).
Thanks to a special technology for making terrazite plaster indoors, such a coating will last at least 20 years (and up to 10 years when facade works). The method of applying the mixture and the texture of the future surface depend on the addition of aggregates of various sizes and types to the composition of the mixture.
How to make a composition ready for application
The dry mixture and water are poured into a mortar mixer to obtain ready composition. The technology of applying terrazite plaster involves the use of a uniformly mixed composition, which is obtained after processing in a special apparatus for 5 minutes.
By manual mixing, increase the working time to 10 minutes. To obtain a certain density, you will have to use a special reference cone. For a coarse-grained mixture, an indicator of 7 cm is set, for a medium-grained mixture - 8 cm, for a fine one - 9 cm.
Once the mixture is ready, let it sit for at least 30 minutes before starting work. After that, the solution is ready for use, and it is desirable to apply it within the next two hours after preparation.
What does the application process look like?
The application of terrazite plaster begins with the preparation of the walls, which are first cleaned of the old coating. To do this, use a sandblaster, which to some extent simplifies the process. In order for the material to be finished in the future, fillers are added to its composition that do not differ in the type of grain size.
First, a layer of primer is applied to the entire surface to level the surface. On flat ground, lines are made up to 3 mm deep at a distance of 30 cm from each other. This is necessary in order to ensure excellent adhesion of soil and terrazite plaster for the facade.
The price of terrazite plaster
The material is affordable. It varies depending on the type and packaging of the plaster. The price of terrasite plaster fluctuates around 500 rubles per package, but at the same time, you will have to pay about the same amount for work on 1 m 2 of a wall if you plan to hire a master. This adds up to a round sum. Therefore, before starting work on finishing interior spaces or the facade of the house, it is worth calculating the budget, deciding on the choice of material and checking how much it will cost repair work finishing with one or another type of material.
Terrazit coating is beneficial in all plans, especially if you are doing the reconstruction yourself. Knowing the intricacies of preparation, the details of application and the features of this material, the task can be easily handled without any unnecessary problems.
Any owner of the house wants the walls of his home to meet all the standards and requirements, both from the facade and indoors. Great option to fulfill your wishes high quality finishing is considered , which in most cases is used for outdoor work, however, the material can be quite successfully used for internal repairs.
This mixture belongs to the category of coarse decorative plaster mixtures, and it is increasingly used in the repair of walls, as it has an affordable cost, does not create problems in operation, and the process of its application can be done by hand.
The main advantages of terrazite plaster
- Significant service life
- resistance to adverse weather conditions,
- Graceful appearance
Terrazit mixture consists of lime, 30-35% cement and filler, which can be used as marble flour, quartz sand, mica, textured pebbles and other components. In the process of applying the material, it is possible to give it the necessary texture due to the peculiarities of grinding, which allows terrazite plaster to successfully fit into the landscape style of the house or its internal interior appearance. The material is applied to an already prepared surface, in most cases it is lime plaster without grinding, that is, simply applied and leveled material.
Application technology
In general, the technology for applying the material is somewhat similar to the process for applying decorative bark beetle plaster, but it has its own differences, since the compositions of the mixtures vary. Terrazit material is applied with a metal trowel in several layers, depending on the desired layer thickness for grinding, since different textures require different thicknesses of the material. lime plaster before starting work, it is abundantly wetted for better adhesion of material layers.
After the application is completed, the terrazitic plaster must dry for 12-24 hours, after which it is ground or sanded. For this, special embossed graters are used, including those with sharp spikes, which help to achieve the desired surface texture. When applying the material, the maximum area should be captured, otherwise the joints of the layers will be visible (an analogy with the application of Bark beetle).
One of the simple and durable ways to give the facades of the building an attractive appearance is to use plaster for exterior work. With the help of this material, you can not only provide the structure with aesthetic appeal, but also protect it from adverse effects. external environment.
Given that right choice plastering and observing the technique of conducting work, it will also be possible to level the surface, hide uneven corners, boost thermal insulation characteristics building.
Plaster translated from Italian means "lime, gypsum, alabaster." It was these materials that formed the basis of the first such solutions. Today, the material is a synthetic mixture, which, depending on the type, contains cement, sand, silicone, acrylic, etc.
Peculiarities
Facade plaster is intended for outdoor use and must meet the following requirements:
- good indicators of vapor permeability (otherwise, the greenhouse effect between the layer of material and the walls of the building cannot be avoided, which means the destruction of the latter, the appearance of mold spots outside and inside the building);
- resistance to negative natural factors, temperature changes;
- resistance to mechanical and static load;
- ease of application.
The mixture may have different composition, which strongly affects specifications in particular the durability of the coating. On average, repairs will be required after 7-10 years for cheaper mix options and 15-20 years for premium materials.
The material has such advantages as environmental friendliness, fire safety, the possibility of obtaining a variety of aesthetic effects, light weight, moisture resistance and vapor permeability. However, if we compare its strength with the strength of ceramic or facing tiles and a number of other materials for home decoration, then plaster is much inferior to them. That is why plaster is actively used to decorate a private house and a little less often - public institutions.
It is important to remember that finishing plaster should be applied in most cases by professionals, and work can be carried out at a temperature of 5C.
Application area
Facade plaster is intended for finishing walls.
The composition is used when performing the following types of work:
- serves to level surfaces, eliminate joints, cracks, gaps;
- allows you to create a homogeneous seamless coating;
- the thermal insulation function allows to reduce the number of heaters used, eliminate "cold bridges" and increase the thermal efficiency of the building;
- protection of combustible materials from ignition;
- protection from radiation, atmospheric action;
- giving the building aesthetic appeal, uniqueness.
Kinds
Depending on the composition and the presence of additional properties, the following types of plaster for facades are distinguished:
Cement
It is considered the most common (used more often gypsum), in its composition it has cement, sand of a suitable fraction, lime. cement mixtures can be applied to working bases made of concrete, aerated concrete, brick.
Demand cement plaster conditioned good performance adhesion- it does not require additional compounds to improve adhesion to the surface. The applied solution keeps well without chips for a long time.
The leader among finishing materials, cement-based plaster is made by its increased strength and the possibility of using it even in humid climatic conditions. For the mortar, cement of increased brand strength (M400) is used, and its proportion with sand is 1: 3 (compare - for interior work it is 1: 4).
Due to the naturalness and low cost of the components of the plaster, it has affordable price. On average, this is 250-400 rubles per 25 kg of dry mix.
If we talk about the "cons" of the coating, then it is worth noting the rather long solidification time of the composition (in addition, a preliminary long-term preparation of working surfaces will be required) and its considerable weight, which entails a load on the building frame.
Cement plaster is suitable if its priority is the strength and availability of the coating without perfect smoothness. The hardened surface can be painted with acrylic paints.
silicate
Its base is “liquid glass”, that is, a solution of potassium and sodium alloys, due to which the characteristics of high vapor permeability and fire safety are achieved. The latter, by the way, allows you to apply plaster on surfaces insulated with polystyrene foam.
In addition, surfaces covered with silicate plaster do not attract dust.(due to the neutral electrostatic nature of the material), resistant to the environment.
Thanks to the variety of textures and colors, it is possible to implement various design projects, to achieve the originality of the structure.
After drying, the composition is not deformed, however, the process of applying it is quite laborious, and, as a rule, requires the involvement of professionals. Surfaces are pre-primed. The material can be applied to concrete and plasterboard surfaces. But on polymer insulation, varnished and oil paints surfaces, the composition on a silicate basis does not lay down.
It is worth noting a long - up to 15 years, period of operation. At the same time, the price of the material is quite high - from 2500 rubles per ready solution 25 kg.
Acrylic
Decorative plaster on acrylic base characterized great choice textures and colors. In addition, it has elasticity and resistance to the effects of the external environment, moisture. This is the merit of the modifiers and plasticizers present in the composition. Due to the increased elasticity of the material, it is well suited for filling cracks, tightening gaps on the wall. Mandatory in the composition are bactericidal components that protect the layer from the appearance of mold and fungi.
Like other types, acrylic compound characterized by vapor permeability. In addition, its use allows achieving good sound and heat insulation results. It is quite durable, the service life is 15-20 years. The cost of acrylic plaster averages 1700-3000 rubles per bucket of a mixture of 25 kg. It should be understood that the costs will also be associated with the involvement of professional employees to apply the composition. Preparatory work requires special skills, and the plaster itself quickly hardens - it must be applied as quickly as possible.
Among the disadvantages of the coating is its high electrostaticity, in connection with which the surface is quickly contaminated. However, it is not difficult to clean it by pouring water from a hose. Unfortunately, the composition does not have the highest UV resistance characteristic.
Acrylic plaster is usually white. The required color is achieved with the help of color, which is added to the finished solution. Acrylic-based composition is not suitable for application to mineral wool boards, and its use over cellular concrete requires preliminary testing.
Silicone
The solution is based on silicone (more precisely, silicone resins), so this plaster is more elastic than acrylic. Thanks to this, it is possible to obtain ideal smooth surfaces. Manufacturers are also pleased with the variety color options- there are more than 200 of them.
Among the main advantages of the material is its hydrophobicity (that is, avoiding contact with water, repulsion by the coating of the molecules of the latter). The plaster is characterized by vapor permeability, good adhesion, resistance to vibration.
It does not require special care and is quite unpretentious in operation. However, the silicone grout must be applied by a professional, as specific preparatory work is required, in particular the application of a silicone-based primer. When applied, both manual and spray methods can be used.
It should be remembered that the composition is not suitable for application to external heaters. To solve this problem, a decorative plaster layer is laid on top of the base and reinforcing mesh.
It is worth noting high cost material - for a bucket of 25 liters you will have to pay from 2500 to 5000 rubles.
Mineral
Its basis is cement and slaked lime, as well as fine-grained filler (colored clay, stone chips). To create a mineral plaster mortar, cement with a strength of M500 and above is used. This provides increased strength of the material, resistance to temperature extremes ( allowable indicator frost - up to -50C), duration of operation (on average 15 years). The plaster is characterized by incombustibility, good heat and sound insulation properties.
The presence of a filler in it allows you to achieve certain stylistic effects of the coating. However, there is no talk of color diversity. It is possible to give a shade of the mineral mixture only after it has been applied and hardened (after 2 days) by staining with special paints.
It should be borne in mind that the surface, plastered mineral mixture, does not tolerate vibrations well, and therefore is not suitable for use on buildings near highways, in areas with seismic activity.
Terrazitic
It is a kind of decorative facade plaster based on cement, sand, lime component with the addition of marble chips and mica. This provides an interesting visual effect and guarantees the durability of the surface.
Among the main advantages of the coating is its resistance to environmental influences., versatility of use (also suitable for interior decoration), long service life. It is worth noting the complexity of the application process and for a long time setting and drying of the material.
Cork
Decorative plaster of this type is becoming increasingly popular among connoisseurs of eco-style. Due to the presence of natural oak bark in the composition, which is “immersed” in modifiers and binder additives, the material has the characteristics of natural cork. First of all, it is a unique appearance, as well as softness, antistatic, elasticity, environmental friendliness. Suitable for application on aerated concrete, expanded clay blocks, wood, plastic plastered and non-plastered surfaces.
If speak about functional characteristics solutions, then plaster can be of the following types:
heat insulating
Suitable for those buildings where the existing insulation does not cope with its functions, and the building frame cannot withstand its additional layers.
"Warm" plaster in its composition has sawdust, polystyrene foam, verkulite, perlite or foam glass. Vermiculite and similar perlite plasters are very heat efficient - 3 cm thick of such plaster will replace a 15 cm layer of brickwork.
Soundproof
This plaster is used as auxiliary material in combination with mineral wool, foam boards. Together they significantly reduce the noise level and are used for buildings located near highways, industrial facilities, airports and railway stations, tracks.
In order for plaster to absorb sound, it must be done on cement base , additionally contain pumice, shpak, magnesite. This gives the surface porosity, which is the key to sound absorption.
Design and texture
The structure of the plaster affects the duration of the surface. So, smooth plaster is more prone to cracking than structural. Rough surfaces such as "lamb" or "grooved bark beetle" are more resistant to weathering and cracking.
textured surface achieved through the presence of fillers in the composition or the use of special tools. For example, "lamb" involves the use of special rollers and trowels, with the help of which lumps are formed at regular intervals. As part of the "bark beetle" - small pebbles, which form grooves when grouting.
Among the popular invoices:
- "Pebble" is a composition with small inclusions. Their diameter is 1-3 mm. The effect of roughness is achieved by rubbing with a plastic grater or using a trowel or brushes.
- "Bark beetle" is a texture with numerous grooves - horizontal, vertical, wavy. The texture is created using the same materials as the "pebble".
- Mosaic, which is based on a silicate or silicone mixture. Stone chips of a large fraction are added to it different shade. As a result frozen surface resembles expensive rocks, and multi-colored granules create an intricate pattern.
- "Lamb" is a soft-hilly layer, which is achieved due to stone grains of various fractions in the composition. A kind of "pebble" texture.
Are very popular Venetian plaster, surfaces imitating shagreen, natural Decoration Materials(granite, marble).
Colored plaster can be obtained in 2 ways: due to the presence of pigment in the solution and by staining plastered surfaces. In the first case, the surfaces have beautiful, multifaceted and rich shades, characterized by long-term durability.
The coloring of the material can be factory-made (that is, plaster is purchased certain color) or produced by color (color is added to the white composition suitable color at the right concentration).
Subtleties of application
The application of the composition is different for each species.
However universal rules still exist:
- First of all, preparatory work is carried out - the surface is cleaned and leveled, if necessary, primers are applied. The task of the latter is to improve the adhesion of working substrates and plaster. Beacons are used to level surfaces.
- When using some mixtures, for example, textured plaster with the effect of "bark beetle", preliminary insulation of the walls is carried out.
- Since the plaster solution floats down, it must be applied from the bottom up.
- The last stage is the creation of texture, the formation of protrusions, etc.
It is necessary to apply plaster without interruption in work, and at the time of installation and solidification of the solution, ensure that the surfaces are protected from external influences (primarily precipitation, high or low temperatures).
By insulation
When plastering over thermal insulation material on the latter, a mesh for reinforcement is preliminarily glued. She is obligatorily overwritten. This can be done only if the glue for the mesh is completely dry.
The next step is the application of the leveling compound., which will become the base for the next layer. After it dries, wipe the layer. Then you can start plastering, applying a primer if necessary.
On brickwork
When applying plaster to brickwork the latter is subject to priming and installation of beacons. After that, plaster is sprayed onto the pre-moistened surface, which is then leveled with a spatula from the bottom up.
Having plastered the volumetric area, the resulting layer is leveled with a rule, and then the grooves are scratched. They will help increase adhesion with the subsequent layer of plaster. As the first layer dries, the finishing method is performed by rolling.
The plastering technique may vary depending on the type of material. For example, mineral compositions can be applied both manually and automatically.
The silicate mixture is sprayed onto the surface. At the same time, it cannot be used on newly constructed buildings, since the surface will crack during their shrinkage. Application thickness - no more than 20 mm. Grouting is carried out 48 hours after troweling.
A feature of acrylic plaster is a high degree of setting, so it must be applied quickly. This is usually done with a spatula, sometimes a sprayer is used. Remember that when dry, the surface color is darker than the shade of the liquid mixture.
When puttying, it is recommended to work not according to square meters, but by sections. If the presence of connecting seams and corners is expected, masking tape is first applied to them. This will achieve evenness and invisibility of transitions.
"Wet"
The so-called "wet" method of plastering has become widespread. The value of this method is to obtain the optimal microclimate in the building, since the dew point is moved outside the structure. This method involves attaching outer walls insulation, mesh for reinforcement and plaster using liquid and semi-liquid adhesives.
Such a facade is a multilayer "sandwich", the components of which are heat-insulating, base and decorative layers. Insulation (as a rule, it is a mineral wool version, polystyrene foam or OSB boards), attached to the base with cement compositions.
Next, to protect the insulation, a base layer is laid out. Usually these are solutions of polymerized cement. Sometimes a reinforcing mesh is used. Acts as a finishing coat required view decorative plaster, which is applied manually or mechanized.
How to choose?
When choosing a plaster, consider climatic conditions operation of the building and its purpose, type of working base.
To provide additional heat to the building, pay attention to compositions containing foam glass, perlite, vermiculite. In regions with high humidity the moisture-resistant characteristic of the plaster should be maximum. The so-called "winter" or frost-resistant version is optimal for the northern regions. For those who wish to repair the facade as rarely as possible, acrylic (service life - up to 25 years) silicone and silicate (serve 15-20 years) compositions are suitable. Cement compositions differ in the least durability, their service life is 10 years.
Long-term preservation of functionality and aesthetic appeal is associated with the texture of the plaster. Even and smooth surfaces are more prone to cracking, while rough ones are not only more resistant, but also hide minor surface imperfections. When buying plaster, it is important to understand how it matches the type of walls. Otherwise, even expensive and qualitative composition will not perform its functions. So, for brick it is better to use cement or silicone compounds, and for aerated concrete - silicate or silicone. For the frame structure, choose an elastic acrylic mixture. The tree will take it well. silicate plaster, and it is recommended to apply acrylic plaster on top of the reinforcing mesh on the insulation boards.
In addition, when plastering a wooden building, you will need to take care of the presence of a special mesh with large cells or a frame made of shingles. Cement mortars are universal - they are suitable for all types of walls, including for cold and wet plinths. If laying is meant on the surface of the insulation, a reinforcing mesh is preliminarily laid.
All plasters are divided into 2 types:
- thick-layer - silicate and cement mortars;
- thin-layer - these include acrylic and silicone-containing mixtures.
The use of the latter type of solutions involves careful preparation of working bases - cleaning, leveling.
The finished mixture is more convenient to transport and use (there is no need to calculate the ratio of parts of the composition and water, knead the solution), but it costs more than dry mixtures. In addition, this form is not possible for all types of plaster.
Remember that the plaster applied outside should have maximum adhesion. It is also important to pay attention to the compressive strength and vapor permeability coefficient. The first should be less than that of the working surface. As for the coefficient, the higher it is, the better the walls will “breathe”.
Finishing with plaster can be an expensive pleasure, so always consider the material consumption per 1 sq. m. This will help not only to get an idea of the total cost of the mixture, but also to correctly calculate its required volume.
In general, the expense is made up of factors such as the type of filler and binder, as well as the type and evenness of the working base.
On average, for different types plaster consumption is as follows:
- acrylic-based compositions - 1.5-3 kg / m2;
- silicone compounds - 2.5-3.9 kg / m2;
- mineral plasters - 2.5-4 kg / m2.
Having calculated the volume of material necessary for work, add another 5% to it. These are the so-called work losses. In the absence of such an increase, you risk being in a situation where the mixture is not enough and you have to buy it in addition, choosing the right shade. Construction in this case will be suspended.
