Terraces in the garden and in the country with their own hands. How to build a terrace with your own hands: types, materials, stages of work
If you are planning to build such a structure as a terrace with your own hands, then you need to understand that there are several basic options and configurations. In addition, during its construction, you can use different materials. The main work is carried out step by step, based on a pre-prepared detailed project.
It is clear that capitally made and thick walls of the house can serve as a serious protection against low temperature conditions. At such a time, I want to hide in the house and be less on the street. It is quite another thing in the summer, as soon as the greenery begins to bloom and the birds sing. Immediately there is a rapid desire to be on the street more often and enjoy the warmth and light of the sun. All this, of course, is good, but such pleasant moments are quite often overshadowed by summer precipitation, the hot midday sun, and insects. This is where the idea of a special extension comes to mind, the question is how to build a terrace for a house or cottage.
The terrace is a special extension to the main building, which is filled with light and at the same time effectively protected from atmospheric adverse events. A well-built terrace is useful not only in summer, but also in winter. This small room is a certain transition that will not allow frosty air to immediately enter the room, it will warm up a little when passing through the extension.
The main options for modern terraces
In the modern construction industry, three different options for terraces are considered. Among the most common are:
- Open - a platform attached to the house, that is, a building without walls and a roof.
- Partially covered terrace - a building that has a light canopy that can cover all or part of the building. It is allowed to have one wall or two and they must be made strictly from lightweight materials.
- Fully closed buildings– a full-fledged room with furniture, various technical equipment and household appliances. Such premises can be used all year round.
Important! When choosing closed design it is important to remember that it must be a bright room. In the walls you need to install big windows, there are also projects fully glazed.
Materials used
Each type of terrace requires the use of its own special materials. When deciding how to make a terrace with your own hands, you will need to prepare a natural or fake diamond. This is a unique base that optimally combines qualities such as resistance to environmental factors and attractive appearance. You can also use plastic panels, cast iron and aluminum.
Brief video instruction:
As for the terraces completely closed type, then they, despite this feature, still remain quite light. They are usually erected according to a special wireframe. Build terraces from quality wood, sheathing is made of lining or special chipboards.
Wood is one of the most readily available materials available. The material is susceptible to decay, therefore it requires special careful care. Very often, all the load-bearing elements of the leading frame are replaced by a steel profile, which has a more reduced cross section with relatively high strength indicators. If it was decided to make walls of stone, natural natural stone replace with lighter bases, for example, it can be aerated concrete.
If the terrace is being built at the same time as the house, the owner does not have any questions. A more difficult task is faced by the builders and the owner of the house in the process of adding a terrace to an already finished house. The process of building a building can be divided into several step-by-step stages.
Project under development
Before the start of construction work, a terrace project is necessarily drawn up and numerous documents are collected. Any construction without documents and a project belongs to the category of self-construction, respectively, is subject to a fine or is subject to complete demolition. Independently, without certain skills, it will not work to solve this issue. It will be necessary to correctly calculate all the necessary parameters that will fully comply with the characteristics of the region and the main snow load.
Important! To resolve this issue, you will need to contact a special licensed company. Based on the project received, all necessary permits will be issued.
Employees of design companies carefully study general design at home, examine the soil on the site, and also evaluate general state facade wall and foundation.
Foundation work
The foundation of the building should be deepened exactly to the same extent as the foundation of the main house. Otherwise, when winter sets in, when the process of frost heaving begins, the extension will simply be torn off from the main building.
Know! It is not permissible to fix the foundation of the building to the main structure by a rigid method, since it shrinks a lot at first. Here, fastening with tongue-and-groove locks is more suitable, in which a slight movement is permissible.
For standard terraces made according to frame technology, the best option would be to use a columnar and pile foundation. Both options are in no way inferior to the usual basis of the tape plan, while the cost is much cheaper.
Frame device
A high-quality solid frame of this structure consists of a pair of vertical racks and a horizontally located strapping, which in turn can be located from above and below. As the material from which the frame will be made, you can use a metal profile or timber. In the first case, you will need to use electric welding, but the frame will be as durable and strong as possible. At this stage, close attention is paid to attaching the frame to the walls of the main structure. The choice of fasteners depends on the material from which the walls are made:
- If the walls are made of brick, several holes are made, followed by the installation of anchors and spacers.
- If the walls are wooden, self-tapping screws and ordinary nails are used.
Close attention is paid to the processing of the frame elements themselves, if they are made of wood. Everything is thoroughly impregnated with antiseptics and special compounds, which are characterized as fire resistant. If it is metal, the frame is primed and then carefully painted with oil-based paints.
Wall construction
On the inside of the frame, a lining made of plastic or wood is usually used. Outside, the frame is sheathed with siding, timber or embossed tiles, which resembles an artificial stone. If a sufficiently strong foundation is installed, you can lay out the walls with bricks.
Traditional in these buildings is the floor made of wood. It is laid on pre-installed logs. Mandatory laying of quality waterproofing material and ruberoid. If a fully open and partially closed terrace is being built, a concrete floor is used, but if funds permit, natural or artificial stone can be used.
Advice! The selected material must necessarily be rough, as a smooth surface in winter and in the rain becomes very slippery.
When arranging the ceiling, materials such as:
- Decking;
- Translucent panels made of polycarbonate;
- Asbestos-cement sheets mounted on a wooden crate.
The latter option is more affordable, and if desired, recessed lights can be installed in such a ceiling. Polycarbonate is ideal if the area of \u200b\u200bthe constructed terrace is small. In this case, it is bent in the form of a semi-arch.
Terrace design
After the main construction and finishing works, you can proceed to the design of the overall design solution of the terrace. It is worth remembering that when carrying out this process, when choosing an environment, such parameters as common space, an abundance of light and airiness are important. Here are the most basic tips for arranging a terrace:
- You can use rattan furniture, neat glass tea tables.
- The best option would be to install a rocking chair on the terrace. At the same time, it is important to choose it strictly in size.
- If the terrace is completely open, you can frame it with climbing plants.
- Plants and flowers can also decorate a closed terrace. Easy enough to put on shelves beautiful planters and flowerpots.
- Since the terrace is not only a place of rest, but also a place for receiving guests. The best option would be to place it on her.
- Out of competition the idea of installing a fireplace on the terrace. This is an ideal opportunity to spend calm and romantic evenings.
There are a lot of ideas for decorating a terrace. Having studied the methods and methods of decorating a terrace, a photo of terrace projects for a house with your own hands, you can get the part of your own country house that is most suitable in style and level of comfort.
Summing up
It is equally important when arranging the terrace to decide how to insulate the building from the inside. The most democratic option is a foam sheet. As an alternative, you can consider high-quality modern rolled thermal insulation bases. It could be High Quality mineral wool. These bases are characterized by unique thermal insulation qualities.
Qualitatively insulated and decorated terrace will long years bring great pleasure. Long cozy evenings after the construction of the building will be provided.
Open decks have become almost obligatory element private house or country cottage. This is a wonderful place for receiving guests, children playing and just taking sunbathing. And if the terrace is made with your own hands, then this is a real reason for the pride of any owner.
There are a great many drawings of terraces, but independent construction on an individual project, many start not because of cost savings, but because of the desire to create something unique that can surprise friends and neighbors. True, in order for the efforts to be successful, some knowledge and skills will be needed. We'll talk about this.
Project development
There are many types of terraces. Sometimes they are attached to the house or bath. The terrace can also be a separate building, hiding in thickets of trees and shrubs. Choosing your own project will depend on the terrain and your climate. Lightweight flooring with a temporary fabric canopy will work great in hot summers, but will need to be rolled up for the winter. In the conditions of the main part of Russia, for year-round use, a building with main walls and a roof is more suitable, that is, options for verandas or gazebos.
Note! The location of the terrace on the site should be chosen taking into account the wind rose, preferably in a quiet place. If possible, there should be good review for the entire area. If the terrace is located near the northern wall of the house, it will always be cool and shady there, even on the hottest afternoon. And the southern terraces, on the contrary, will always be as illuminated as possible and there will be warmth from the sun's rays even in cool weather.
The size of the building is determined by financial capabilities and purpose. For someone, a small patch with a tea table is enough, while the other prefers to arrange a huge area for outdoor games.
Material selection
When choosing a material, be guided by your own preferences, the general style of your site and the construction budget:
Wood Lightweight and easy to work with even for non-professionals. It is cheap, but the construction of it will last 20 years, provided that it is taken care of. The wood will have to be periodically impregnated with antiseptics, paint and change individual parts of the terrace. For example, an ordinary, not terraced, board on the floor in the rain and snow will not live longer than 6-7 years. Then it will have to be completely changed.
Note! The best wood for such buildings is larch and oak. You can put pine on the finish.
Masonry looks solid and beautiful, and is able to serve almost forever (30–40 years for sure). But to do it right, you need certain skills or you need to hire a bricklayer, and this is a big expense.
Note! Stone is a heavy material and high transport costs must be taken into account immediately.
Galvanized metal profiled it is easier to mount sheets on walls and a roof than to build from brick, however, the aesthetic and comfortable properties of such a terrace remain in question.
Much more pleasing to the eye openwork forged fences. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to make them yourself. You need specific skills and equipment to work with iron. Such things are made to order and they are not cheap.
Another option suitable for do-it-yourself assembly is a terrace with a fence and a canopy. polycarbonate. Lightweight and transparent material will protect from precipitation and dirt, without darkening the room inside. Modern stamps not to be afraid of severe frosts and can be used all year round. The disadvantage is that in extreme heat, the building under the polycarbonate roof turns into a kind of greenhouse and needs good ventilation.
building
Whatever material you choose, the terrace needs a foundation. Since this is a light building, you can save a little on the basis.
If the building is adjacent to the house, then its foundation can be the same: tape or columnar. The flooring on it must be given a slight slope from the house so that the precipitation flows into the soil and the load-bearing wall does not get wet.
When separate location terraces, it will be enough to install pillars of pipes or bricks with top trim and logs on them as a base for the floor.
The fence on the terrace, as well as the railing of the lift stairs, must be made in the same style and as strong as possible.
Note! If there are small children on the site, you will have to think carefully about their safety. With a light and openwork fence with large openings to protect children, you will have to pull an additional mesh-fence along it.
If it is provided, it is built using the same technologies as always. Double or quadruple wooden roof is the best solution in this case. For a terrace in a modern, high-tech style, a light transparent canopy made of polycarbonate plates may be suitable. A summer building can generally do without a stationary roof, it is enough in right places put up a few awnings-umbrellas.
The platform is decorated with plants in pots, lamps or flowerpots with flowers to your liking. Even wicker or forged furniture in the same style can become not just a necessity, but also a real highlight of your terrace.
Video
You can see how the terrace is being built here:
The veranda and gazebo are stylish and functional decoration suburban area.
But, if the gazebo is a separate structure that can be used in the summer, then the veranda is a room attached to the house that has a roof, walls and is intended for year-round use.
A warm veranda can serve as a corridor, a hallway or a relaxation room, a greenhouse, a winter garden, and even a pool can be placed in it.
What is the difference between a veranda and a terrace? These concepts are often confused, although they have a constructive and visual difference. The presence of a roof and walls is what distinguishes a veranda from a terrace and a porch.
The veranda is provided for even at the stage of building a house, but more often it is completed already during operation. Therefore, many are interested in how to attach a veranda to the house with their own hands. Below is a step-by-step (step-by-step) instruction for building a veranda for a private house.
1. Veranda project
Any construction begins with the development of the project.
Summarizing the experience of building verandas, it can be noted that they differ in the following parameters:
Location (adjacent to the house):
- Corner.
- End.
- Front.
Degree of closure:
- Open.
- closed (glazed)
By installing sliding doors for the veranda, you can transform a closed veranda into an open one.
Design feature:
- Built-in veranda (built with the house, has a common foundation with it).
- Attached (attached as needed, has its own foundation).
Veranda shape:
- A popular shape is the rectangle.
- Round (semicircular)
- Polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal).
The main purpose of the veranda is to make the house or cottage more spacious and decorate the building. The extension of the veranda also performs a purely utilitarian function - warming the house. Therefore, the question naturally arises, how to attach a veranda to the house correctly. Despite the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, its construction provides for the implementation of a number of rules.
What is included in the construction project of the veranda:
- the location of the veranda. The main options are listed above. It is important that the extension is a continuation of the house, representing a single architectural ensemble with it.
Note. It is better to place the veranda on the east or west side, then most of the time it will be out of direct sunlight. Also, it is worth considering the wind load in the region and on the site, in particular.
- entrance to the veranda. The entrance can be arranged from the street, from one of the rooms, or be through, through the street into the house;
- location of the door. Entrance doors on the veranda and in the house it is undesirable to place against each other, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided;
- the size of the veranda in the house. The length of the veranda is usually equal to the length of the wall along which it is built. The width is from 2.5 to 7 m. It is important here that the size of the veranda is proportional to the size of the house.
Advice from the master There is no need to save on the project. Its high-quality execution is a guarantee that the veranda will be built correctly, and the execution of permits will not cause problems.
An example of a typical veranda project is shown in the diagram.
How to attach a veranda to a wooden house
Any extension to a house made of wood is carried out after shrinkage of the structure. A house made of timber or logs shrinks over a certain period (most actively the first 2-3 years). To avoid warping the walls, you need to wait for this period, or consider connecting with the house, allowing the frame to play.
2. Documents for the construction of the veranda (permit)
The extension of the veranda refers to the restructuring of the house. Therefore, it needs to obtain permits.
To obtain a permit for the construction of a veranda (for an extension, reconstruction), you must submit to the architecture department:
- a document confirming the right to own the land;
- project of a house with a veranda;
- the consent of all residents registered in the house;
- application for clearance.
Note. You need to start processing documents 2-3 months before the planned construction work. According to user reviews, this procedure takes quite a long time.
In principle, it is possible to complete the veranda without documents, however, when selling, renting or inheriting, problems with this property may arise. The veranda is included in the total area of the residential building, the BTI may regard this as an "Unauthorized increase in living space." Especially if there is heating on the veranda (warm veranda).
During the construction of the veranda, one should not deviate from the dimensions indicated in the registered project. Any adjustment will entail a change in the design documentation and the payment of a fine. The consequences of unauthorized construction are spelled out in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Architectural Activities in the Russian Federation" and the Civil Code, an extract from which is given below.
The consequences for unauthorized construction are listed below.
The last thing to do after the construction of the veranda is to legalize the building with changes and get new documents.
3. Tools and materials for the construction of the veranda
The tool depends on what material will be used in the construction of the extension. For wood you need: a hacksaw, a screwdriver, a hammer and an ax, a sledgehammer, a tape measure, a plumb line, a level (building and water), a corner, a cord for marking, a shovel. For a metal frame, you will additionally need a grinder and a welding machine.
Material
The economy (budget) version of the veranda is a metal frame sheathed with plywood, OSB boards (OSB) or plastic clapboard.
A veranda made of brick, natural stone or wood has a more presentable appearance. It is important here that the material of the extension correspond to the material from which the house, cottage is built, or harmonize (combine) with them.
For construction wooden veranda you will need: lumber (log or timber, board, rail), fasteners (elements), protective solutions for wood, crushed stone, concrete, bitumen, drying oil or roofing material, window and door systems, roofing material.
For a metal-framed porch: metal corners and steel profiles will replace lumber, metal processing solutions will be added, but otherwise the materials will be the same.
A polycarbonate veranda has proven itself well in that it allows you to freely admire the surrounding landscape. In addition, polycarbonate retains heat well, transmits light, and can be used for both walls and roofs. Plus, the cost of the material is quite adequate. used cellular polycarbonate with a wall thickness of 14-18 mm.
Note. All materials requiring processing must be processed before work begins. After the veranda is built, processing will be more difficult.
Preparation for construction
The construction of the veranda begins with the preparation of the site. Part of the plot allotted for the veranda turns into construction site. Before starting work you need:
- remove the visor above the entrance;
- dismantle the porch;
- clear the area of greenery and debris;
- remove part of the turf;
- consider the place of laying building materials and construction waste.
4. Foundation for the veranda to the house
Before you start pouring the foundation, you need to determine its type. Most widespread received a columnar foundation for the veranda, since it makes it possible to attach a veranda without being tied to the main foundation of the house. However, a heavier veranda needs to be filled. strip foundation.
An important point is the analysis of the soil, which makes it possible to reasonably choose the foundation for the veranda to the house. The following are taken into account: the ability of the soil to absorb moisture, the homogeneity and composition of the soil, the level of freezing, the height of the occurrence ground water, soil stability.
In addition, the choice of the basis for the extension will be influenced by the design of the foundation of the house and the condition of the walls (wall material).
Having decided which foundation for the veranda is best done, they make markings for the tape or mark the place of installation of the pillars (supports) for the pile.
Note. For a small wooden veranda, it is enough to install pillars at the corners of the structure. For long and wide, provide additional poles along the length / width of the base. The recommended step for installing supports is 500-600 mm.
How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda
- dig holes under the posts about 1 m deep. It is important to know that the depth of the foundation for the veranda depends on the depth of the foundation of the house (should be the same) and the level of soil freezing;
- at the bottom of the pit, a pillow is made from a mixture of crushed stone and sand. They can also be covered in layers, first sand, then crushed stone or gravel;
- poured concrete base;
- laid out / inserted supporting pillars for the columnar foundation:
From brick. If you need to make an extension of the veranda to a brick house;
From a bar. For a wooden veranda;
From asbestos pipes, concrete poles or metal supports. For frame veranda.
The ground part of the pillars is brought to the height of the main foundation of the house. If the base is high, you need to bring the extension to the level of the house.
An example is in the photo (the first floor is used as a garage, the veranda is at the level of the second floor).
The installation site is covered with sand to eliminate and strengthen the gap between the post and the soil.
The design of the veranda with a large mass requires pouring a strip foundation. To do this, you need to dig a trench, set up the formwork (slightly higher than the required foundation height), pour concrete. The process of complete solidification of concrete must be accompanied by periodic wetting with water for uniform hardening of the concrete mixture.
5. Veranda frame
The installation of the frame begins with the execution of the lower trim. To do this, a beam is laid on the supports.
Note. The bottom trim may dual system. It is on it that racks and floor logs will be attached in the future.
Next, supports are installed that form the frame of the veranda to the house. The frame of the wooden veranda is made of timber 120x80 or 100x100. When using logs, their diameter must exceed 120 mm. Supports are recommended to be installed at a distance of 500-600 mm, but in practice this is rare. However, the supports are necessarily installed at the corners and form the door/window openings.
The height of the supports is equal to the height of the veranda. In this case, the supports installed closer to the wall must be higher in order to form a pitched roof. The methods of fastening the racks to the bottom trim are shown in the figure.
Advice. The rigidity of the supports will be given by the braces (braces) installed above and below.
When mounting the frame, horizontal bars are installed, which will serve as the basis for installing the window sill during glazing.
The execution of the upper trim ends with the installation of the veranda frame. It will serve as the basis for the formation of the truss system, and will give the frame additional rigidity.
Note. To prevent the top trim from warping, the supports must be fixed with temporary struts.
Many are interested in how to make a veranda frame from a log house. Indeed, in this case, both the foundations of buildings and the log house itself are moving. Therefore, all connections must be able to move (shift). Shrinkage compensators are installed from below, and from above the roof is firmly attached to the rafters of the log house.
6. Veranda roof
Part of the frame is rafter system verandas. The installation of rafters and battens depends on what kind of roofing material the roof of the veranda will be covered with.
From the point of view of design, the following types of roofs for the veranda are distinguished:
Shed roof veranda.
The simplest and best option. In this case, the truss system is mounted at an angle from the wall of the house, which allows rainwater or snow to flow down unhindered without causing harm to the building.
Note. A shed roof is more convenient in terms of organizing drainage and, accordingly, installing a drainage system.
Double roof veranda.
In this case, the veranda is attached to the house with a narrow part. It becomes like a gateway. This method has not found proper distribution. Most often, such a roof is erected over a terrace.
The polygonal roof for the veranda is built in such a way that the angle of inclination is maintained for water to drain.
Installation of the veranda truss system
A run board (beam 100x80 mm) is installed on the wall of the house. The beam is fastened with anchor bolts. The upper parts of the rafter legs are mounted on it.
A power plate is installed along the perimeter of the frame. In small wooden outbuildings this function is performed by the top trim boards. The lower parts of the rafter legs are installed on them.
The lower part of the rafters is mounted so that it is possible to provide an overhang (removal) of the roofing material, which means that the veranda is protected from falling water.
Note. The distance between the rafter legs depends on the slope of the roof, the width of the veranda, the weight of the roofing material.
When installing the roofing system of a polygonal veranda, a run board is additionally installed.
Depending on the material chosen, a crate is stuffed (for metal tiles, ondulin, slate) or a continuous crate is made (for flexible roofing materials).
How to attach a veranda to the house - video instruction
7. Floor on the veranda
The order of construction, materials, methods of fastening and processing.
Do-it-yourself flooring technology:
Logs are installed on the boards of the lower strapping. The distance between adjacent logs should be no more than 1 m. The logs are installed perpendicular to how the floorboard will be laid.
Fastening the lag to the harness - important point, the quality of its implementation determines performance characteristics gender. Setting the lag is controlled by the level.
What to make the floors on the open veranda
The concrete floor on the veranda is cheaper, plus, it is durable and requires subsequent finishing. For example, you can lay tiles or lay linoleum. The wooden floor on the veranda, even painted, will deform over time. The plinth is also recommended to use plastic with wood decor.
How to cover the floors on a closed veranda
The floor of the closed veranda is being laid. In this case, the installation begins with the board farthest from the entrance. It is attached to the lags directly through the board.
Subsequent boards are mounted using the tenon-groove method, and the fastening of the hardware is carried out through the groove.
How to fix the floorboard on the veranda
It is recommended to fix the floor boards with self-tapping screws. Their length should be twice the width of the board. The distance from the edge of the floorboard to the wall is 10-15 mm. Such a gap will compensate for the expansion of wood in the hot season.
How to cover the floor on the veranda (open, closed)
Wooden veranda flooring is one of the most popular and easy to install. Therefore, the actual question is how to process the floor on the veranda in order to extend the service life and preserve the aesthetic properties.
Floorboards will last longer if they are additionally covered with solutions that prevent the appearance of fungus. As a floor finish, a decorative layer of paint or stain is applied, varnished on top.
A novelty among paintwork materials is Dufa "Liquid Plastic" paint, designed for outdoor use (well suited for an open veranda).
Of the transparent coatings, the respect of users has earned:
- Tikkurila Valtti (wood oil);
- Pinotex Terrace Oil;
- Alpina Oel Terrassen Dunkel;
- Watco Danish Oil.;
- as well as epoxy varnishes (yacht varnishes), which are designed for use in a humid environment.
- the product must be intended for wood;
- be resistant to abrasion;
- differ in resistance to the influence of environmental factors (water, temperature, ultraviolet).
It is worth noting that veranda floor coverings are quite expensive, but this is justified by their service life, no refinishing and high aesthetic properties.
8. Roofing material for the veranda
As a roofing material, it is better to use such material for the roof of the veranda, which is installed on the main building (house or cottage). Well proved, bituminous tile,. They are installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Note. To prevent water from flowing inside the veranda at the junction of the roof of the extension to the wall of the house, it is necessary to lay a joint bar over the roofing material.
The correct installation of the joint strip involves the manufacture of a gash in the wall of the house into the institution of the narrow edge of the strip into it.
You can admire the surrounding beauty in the warmth of the veranda by installing transparent roofs for the veranda. In this case, the role of the roofing material is played by glass or cellular polycarbonate.
Telescopic awning roofs or sliding roofs for the veranda are considered a novelty.
). Installation of finishing materials depends on their type.
It is important to know that the wall of the veranda adjacent to the house is fixed with embedded metal elements (details). The fastening must be rigid.
Today, sheathing of the walls of the veranda with sliding systems is popular, the upper half of which is glass and the lower half is wooden.
Note. Before moving on to the outer interior decoration the walls of the veranda need to be given time to settle. This is especially true for wooden verandas.
10. Veranda glazing
Windows occupy a significant part of the area of the walls of the veranda. Due to the fact that the veranda is a summer building, they usually install single wooden windows, most often plastic or wooden. On used aluminum windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows.
The large veranda is equipped with both opening and blind windows. The first allow you to provide ventilation of the room, the second - to save on glazing. Worthy of attention sliding windows, allowing you to turn the veranda into an open terrace.
Among the new products, flexible windows for the veranda stand out. They allow you to extend the operating period summer veranda. The advantage of windows in a relatively low cost, the ability to quickly assemble and disassemble for the winter. They make the high veranda safe for children to play without compromising its appeal.
Soft windows for the veranda - roll systems (PVC curtains), which allow you to glaze the veranda of any configuration (round, semicircular, oval).
Installation of soft windows - video
Building a terrace in the country with your own hands is a rather laborious work, but quite feasible for any man who has at least basic construction skills. Having a drawing necessary building materials and the right tools, you can get down to business. But before proceeding with the construction of the structure, read the step-by-step instructions for building a terrace to the house with your own hands, detailed on this page.
There are two main rules for building a terrace for a house with your own hands: the floor should not sag and spring underfoot, and the railing should be strong, stable and safe. Since such structures generally represent a continuation of the building, they are most often attached to it. We will consider the device of such a terrace on a specific example.
When building a terrace foundation, keep in mind that it supports the entire structure of the terrace and prevents it from shifting or sinking into the ground. Usually these are concrete blocks measuring 30 x 30 cm, buried 15 cm deep in untouched dense soil.
How to make the foundation for the terrace yourself? Every concrete block should be put on sand cushion, protruding 15 cm above the ground so that the posts or beams of the terrace frame do not rot under the influence of the soil.
Instead of ready-made concrete blocks, you can use home-made ones, cast in plank formwork. However, such a solution is suitable only for regions of the warm climate zone, in conditions of non-freezing or slightly freezing soil. In the conditions of the middle lane, when erecting buildings on heaving soils, the construction of a foundation for a terrace with your own hands may be different. The main thing is that this base ensures the stability and rigidity of the entire structure. The design of the foundation of the main building should also be taken into account so that the mutual displacement of the main building and the extension does not lead to noticeable deformation of the structures.
These photos show the foundations of the terrace to the house, made by hand:
Before you implement the task called "building a terrace with your own hands", familiarize yourself with the main stages of work.
How to build a terrace in the country with your own hands: racks and beams (with photo)
Before you make a terrace with your own hands, you need to install racks. Racks are bars (pillars) that evenly distribute the weight of the terrace on the foundation. Usually they have a section of 100 x 100 mm, but there are also large sizes, depending on the size and design of the terrace. The terrace posts should be fixed to the foundation with the help of brackets, and not poured with concrete. In the latter case, the lower end of the rack will quickly rot.
When building a terrace to the house with your own hands, the racks can support the beams or go up through the flooring, forming fence posts or, for example, benches.
The beams rest on posts or are attached to them with screws or bolts. They should first be set strictly horizontally in the frontal plane. To do this, if necessary, place linings under the beams on separate racks. In addition, before you build a terrace with your own hands, if you plan to use not boardwalk, but a continuous covering of the terrace, you should ensure that its surface slightly slopes away from the house. A slope of 1:100 will be sufficient.
The larger the cross section of the beam, the larger the span can be between the uprights - this allows you to use fewer terrace foundation blocks for a do-it-yourself house. It should also be noted that if you plan to use beams with a cross section of 100x150 mm, then they can be assembled by bolting two boards of 50 x 150 mm.
Logs, usually made of boards with a section of 50 × 150 mm, connect the beam and the support beam, which is attached directly to the building, which gives the entire terrace structure a certain rigidity and stability. To build a terrace to the house with your own hands, the logs are laid perpendicular to the beams in increments of 400,600,800 and even 1200 mm, depending on the thickness of the floorboards. With a floorboard thickness of 50 mm, the distance between the joists should not exceed 800 mm; when using boards with a thickness of 25 mm, the distance between the joists should not exceed 400 mm.
The boardwalk is the uppermost, visible part of the terrace being made. In this case, the lags are not visible, but they must be spaced with the same step and parallel to each other. This will facilitate the subsequent installation of the railing. In addition, the location of the joist determines how the board screws will be visible on the deck. Arranged in one straight line, they will look much neater.
As you can see in the photo, at the terraces in the country, erected by one's own hands, the support beam usually has the same width as the logs:
It is fastened with screws (bolts) to the wall of the building, and one end of each log lies on it. The support beam must be placed in such a way that there is a gap of 30 mm between the top of the deck and the bottom of the doorway. This will prevent rainwater from entering the room through the threshold.
The video "Terrace with your own hands" shows how the racks and beams are attached:
We build a country terrace with our own hands: fixing a lag with step-by-step photos
Before you make a terrace to the house with your own hands, you need to have an idea about the main structural units. In the frame of a structure, the joists are usually attached to the beams in one of three ways.
The best way to fix the terrace log with your own hands is with metal hangers (brackets). U shape). They provide maximum rigidity and reliability of the structure. Screws are screwed in, and nails are driven through holes in metal hangers.
Look at the photo - the logs of a do-it-yourself terrace, simply laid on top of the support beam, are a fairly rigid support for the flooring:
At the same time, you can save on the cost of hangers not used in this case by nailing the logs. But if the deck boards suddenly move away from the building under heavy load (for example, due to a thick layer of snow), they can pull the logs behind them, even nailed to the support beam, and then the entire terrace will be on the ground.
Least in a good way fixing the crossbars when building a terrace in the country with your own hands is to use a support bar. In this case, there is a risk of detachment of the log from the support beam. However, this method allows you to install the ends of the log flush with the support beam without using hangers, and this design is well suited for fairly low areas.
When mounting the frame, two options for attaching beams are often used. In the first case, the beams lie on posts, and in the second they are attached to high posts passing through the boardwalk. The advantage of the high post option is that the result is a ready-made rigid post for the railing. If the rack is very high, it can also be used as a support for a canopy over the boardwalk.
To build a terrace in the country with your own hands, you can use two types of structures using high racks. In the first beam, they are bolted to inside high racks, and the logs are placed on top or suspended from it. In general, if the span is 1.8 m, a beam with a section of 100 x 150 mm is used, if the span is 2.4 m, a larger section is taken - 100 x 200 mm.
The second design uses two narrower beams, one of which is bolted to the outside of the high racks. Lags are attached to it. The beam can have a cross section of 50 x 150 mm (as well as logs) with a span of up to 1.8 m. An additional support for the log when building a terrace with your own hands is created by a second beam with a cross section of also 50 x 150 mm, which is fixed on the inside of the high rack. In terms of strength, this design is similar to the variant with one beam with a section of 100 × 150 mm. The advantage in this case is that it is easier to work with two beams of a smaller section than with one, but larger section. In general, this is a fairly reliable way of attaching a lag, although non-standard.
According to step by step instructions do-it-yourself terrace construction, the beams located on top of the racks must be nailed in place with 90 mm nails and then spliced with wooden overlays. The overlays should be two boards of the same width as the beam, and at the same time overlap the joint by about 30 cm on each side. The plates are fastened in place with 90 mm nails or capercaillie (head screws) 010 mm and 100 mm long.
When building a terrace with your own hands, the logs located on top of the beams are spliced in the same way. This prevents them from separating and falling off the beam when there is excessive load on the boardwalk. In addition, lags can be installed with an overlap. Fasten them in place with 90 mm nails.
If it is required to perform several lag splices, they are positioned so that the joints are not on the same beam, otherwise the latter will be the weak link of the entire structure.
Given the technology for building a terrace to the house, beams can be made by nailing two boards with 90 mm nails. For example, a beam with a section of 100 × 150 mm is formed from two boards with a section of 50 × 150 mm.
Spacers give additional strength to the frame, although they are not always needed. So, logs up to 2.4 m long usually do not require the use of spacers to stiffen the structure, since the front boards at the ends of the logs are quite capable of this task. However, for logs longer than 2.4 m, cross braces are needed to ensure the stability and rigidity of the deck frame.
As spacers, it is easiest to use segments of the same boards that are used under the logs. A line is drawn with chalk in the middle of the beam and, guided by it, struts are nailed to the lags, placing them in a checkerboard pattern - on opposite sides of the line. Another method is to use bars knocked together crosswise. You can also take special metal spacers, but the terrace will not look as attractive, especially if it is high enough.
These photos show how to make a terrace with your own hands:
The rigidity of the frame is provided not only by the spacers between the lags. The frame of the terrace, which rises above the ground, must have braces between the posts to maintain rigidity and stability. Braces are also important for a terrace that will carry a heavy load, such as snow or wind.
Braces up to 2.4 m long are usually made of beams with a section of 50 x 100 mm; for large spans, boards with a section of 50 x 150 mm will be required.
When building a country terrace with your own hands, you can use different options for installing braces, while the choice of a specific configuration depends on how many braces need to be installed, and how important free access under the flooring is. Thus, Y-braces can be used in cases where it is necessary to maintain clearance for passage under the deck, but this option is not as strong as a framework using K-braces.
When installing the braces, one of them is grabbed with nails and the cut lines are marked on it with chalk. After sawing off the excess from the workpiece, it is worth once again checking the accuracy of the brace installation, and then it can be used as a template for making the rest.
On the corner posts, the ends of the braces must be sawn flush with the side of the post. You should not fasten the braces with nails - it is better to use capercaillie or bolts for this purpose.
Support beam attachment. The first step in the construction of a terrace adjacent to the wall of the house is the fastening of the support beam. This procedure in itself is simple, but it must be performed very accurately and correctly, since the strength of the entire frame depends on this.
The support beam must be positioned in such a way that the surface of the future terrace floor is about 25 mm below the floor level in the house and the threshold of the doorway leading to the terrace. This is necessary in order to prevent rainwater from flowing into the house.
To put a mark on the outside of the building corresponding to the level of the floor in the house, you can measure the distance from the windowsill to the floor inside the room. Then this distance must be measured from the window sill outside the building.
The support beam must be carefully aligned with the horizon and pulled to the wall of the building every 60 cm with 010 mm bolts or capercaillie screws of the same diameter. Alternate bolts (screws) along the entire length of the support bar: one is higher, the other is lower.
Be sure to use waterproofing over the support beam so that rainwater does not enter the gap between it and the house and cause the wood to rot. It can be an apron - aluminum or steel with galvanized coating.
The support beam may be longer or shorter than the boardwalk itself. If you are using hangers to attach the joists, the support beam should be about 30mm longer than the deck at each end to provide enough space for nailing through the holes in the hanger.
When attaching the support beam (as well as other massive parts) to brick wall it is necessary to first prepare the junctions of the elements with the structure: drill holes in the wall in place and install dowels or wooden plugs. In order for the structure to be firmly and securely fixed, the holes should be made at a slight angle to the horizon - from top to bottom. This rule must also be followed when attaching elements to a wooden wall.
It is possible to shorten the support beam by the width of the joist at each end and then fit the first and last joists to the ends of the support beam and secure them with bolts. Intermediate logs are fixed on the support beam with suspensions.
The timber is attached to the brick wall with anchor bolts. For reliability, supports from a board with a section of 50 × 150 mm are placed under the timber every 1.2 m, especially if the building is located in a region where heavy rainfall occurs.
After fixing the support bar in place, mark the drilling points every 40 cm (maximum 60 cm). Drill holes in the timber, holding it in place, and mark the drilling points in brickwork. The holes in the masonry must be of such a diameter that they include 10 mm anchor bolts.
On a plastered wall, the support beam is installed in the same way as in the construction of a wooden frame house. First you need to fix the timber with 90 mm nails, and then finally fix it with bolts or capercaillie.
To mount the apron, a horizontal line is beaten off with a ground twine a few centimeters above the support beam, and then with a circular saw in outdoor decoration walls saw through a groove 10 mm deep. The edge of the apron is bent to the wall of the house and inserted into the groove, after which the seam is sealed with sealant - this is the best option for connecting metal and plaster.
The video "Terrace to the house with your own hands" will help you better understand how this work is done:
How to make a terrace with your own hands: bolted connections (with photo)
When constructing terraces, bolted connections can be used. Under the loads acting on the frame, the beams, logs and support beam must work in bending, and the racks in compression. Bolts in a board working in bending must be evenly spaced along the length of the board, indented from the top edge of the board by at least four bolt diameters.
When using bolts to connect parts working in compression, the bolt should be placed at a distance of at least four bolt diameters from the end of the post, and at least one and a half bolt diameters from the side of the post or board. This prevents the wood from cracking in that area.
The optimal size of bolts and their number in the manufacture of the terrace frame depend on the loads in a particular node, but basically obey the following rules: for a board 50 mm thick - 1 bolt 6 mm; for workpieces with a thickness of 75 and 100 mm - 2 bolts 6 mm; for parts with a thickness of 150 mm or more - from 3 to 8 bolts 6 mm. 010mm bolts should be used with 150mm thick timber, and 12mm bolts with lumber over 200mm thick.
With the exception of special round head bolts, always use bolt head washers and appropriate nuts. Drill a hole of such a diameter that the bolt does not enter freely, but under a light hammer blow.
Specialty round head bolts are usually best suited for timber structures due to their smooth heads and their inherent self-locking property. These bolts require the use of a washer on one side only - at the nut.
look step by step photos"Terrace with your own hands", which shows all the main stages of work:
Do-it-yourself completion of the construction of the terrace in the country house
Upon completion of the work, the base of the terrace should be completely covered with decking. The laying pattern of the boards will determine the location of the supporting structures, so it should be chosen in advance, even at the design stage.
The width of deck boards should not exceed 150 mm, because wider boards tend to warp. When laying the flooring, 3 mm gaps should be left between the boards to drain rainwater and prevent warping.
When laying boards, do not try to carefully adjust their ends. It is better that they hang on the sides beyond the boundaries of the structure. Then you can easily saw them to the desired length in place. In this case, a flat end of the flooring is formed, and chamfering on the ribs will give it an attractive appearance. Place the joints of the floorboards to be joined with an offset on the logs.
When laying the deck boards, use only galvanized nails or screws, because the terrace is outdoors and exposed to all kinds of precipitation. Even better if the fasteners are made of of stainless steel, this will increase the life of the flooring.
After the flooring is ready, you should deal with the fence of the terrace. Railings and grating under them - the best way providing comfort and privacy. The filling of the lattice can be anything, but the railing must be reliable so that the person leaning on them is sure of his safety. You can put a board up to 100 mm wide on the railings - you get an excellent support for a vase of flowers and bottles of drinks.
Upon completion of the carpentry work, all wooden details should be treated with an antiseptic, and then, in accordance with the idea, with drying oil, stain, varnish or paint. The painted terrace requires less care than covered with stain or no finish at all.
How a country terrace is built with your own hands is shown in the photo below:
The opportunity to be at home and at the same time on the street, enjoy the surrounding nature and not get wet in the rain, sunbathe and barbecue, arrange a winter garden, relax with the whole family - all these desires become feasible thanks to the ancient invention of architects, popular today. Even to the finished house, you can attach a terrace with your own hands without spending a lot of money.
What is a terrace, its types
A platform near a house or in a garden, equipped for a comfortable stay, as a rule, adjacent to one of the walls of the house, traditionally raised above the ground, with flooring and a canopy - this is the standard definition of a terrace. In fact, there are many types of terraces. To choose suitable option for your site, you should understand the differences and subtleties of different types of these sites.
Type
The division into main groups is done according to the design features and the degree of openness, as well as the location on the site. The choice of site type is influenced by the purpose and surrounding natural conditions, for example, strong winds or the presence of a body of water.
open
For a mild climate and if you want to relax on fresh air, the outdoor terrace is perfect. It is made without walls and a roof, which allows you to enjoy the closeness of nature. For privacy, you can place tall plants or decorative elements on such a site, make a glass fence, mount balusters and railings.
The sun's rays and precipitation will fall on furniture and other interior elements, so it is better to choose sofas and armchairs from a material that is not damaged by water and does not fade.
For the winter, it is better to clean interior items in the house
semi-open
Today is a sunny day and I want an open area, and in the evening it will rain and get colder. In this case good decision will be a compromise between protected from all sides, covered veranda and a terrace open to the sun and fresh air. Semi-open options are without a roof, but surrounded by walls and with a canopy in combination with a different number of walls and partitions, columns.
The most advanced version of such a private recreation area is a structure with sliding glass or plastic walls and a canopy. When conditions change, you can close the shutters and find yourself in a room completely protected from the weather.
If you want to distance yourself from immodest glances, then you can use curtains and curtains, put pots with indoor plants, hang a planter, plant a hedge around
Closed
If the weather conditions in the region are difficult and often change, then optimal solution there will be construction covered terrace where you can relax and enjoy the country landscape even in winter. This is a whole room with walls and ceiling, a canopy or roof, it can be heated and has a separate entrance from the street or from the house.
In the closed terrace they often arrange winter gardens, and in order to make the site more open in summer, sliding frames and walls are installed
By location
The terrace can be located in the depths of the garden, by the pond or pool, adjacent to the house. Depending on the location, recreation areas have their own design features and nuances of decoration and lighting.
Ground
A beautiful area in the garden can be arranged directly on the ground by preparatory work to strengthen and level the base for the terrace. A light canopy will shade and create privacy, wicker furniture will provide comfort, and garden plants and flowers around will give aroma and merging with nature.
To protect the terrace from the wind, you can install light partitions
Benefits of ground construction:
- ease and speed of construction;
- minimum financial costs;
- open space and closeness to nature.
Among the minuses can be noted:
- exposure to bad weather, the possibility of flooding;
- the need to treat materials with antiseptics;
- not recommended for unstable and complex soils;
- need a level ground.
Ground
These floorings are slightly raised above the ground, they are mounted on logs or a concrete base. The finishing material for flooring is traditionally decking, which looks great and does not rot, has no splinters, is safe and pleasant to walk barefoot.
Advantages of ground sites:
- can be both open and closed or combined;
- small financial costs;
- the flooring protects from water and dust;
- great opportunities for design and decoration;
- does not require fencing due to its low height.
There are also relative disadvantages:
- the need to equip the foundation;
- wooden parts require special processing.
The decking of the terrace should be 5 cm below the level of the threshold of the house so that melting snow and rain do not get into the room
Exalted
Such terraces are raised above ground level to a height of half a meter, have steps, fences or walls, partitions. This is the best solution for difficult terrain and sloped areas, houses with a high basement and porch, if you want to build a multi-level zone for a comfortable stay. The advantages of this terrace are:
- opportunity beneficial use spaces with a slope or height differences;
- the possibility of building multi-stage complex structures.
overhanging
If there is a natural reservoir, a pool or a pond near the estate, then the construction of an overhanging terrace would be a good solution. It is also recommended for difficult terrain and a large slope near the house. Overhanging structures are very popular in mountain resort areas and estates with beautiful views. Advantages of an overhanging terrace:
- allows you to enjoy the proximity of water;
- the possibility of useful use of areas with difficult terrain;
- stunning view, the site seems to be floating in the air.
The disadvantages of the overhanging structure are the complexity of construction and the significant cost of the estimate, the need for fencing for safe rest
What can be built from
Used for construction various materials, the choice depends on the purpose and the presence of walls and roofs. For heavy structural elements, a stronger frame and a solid foundation will be required. On the market you can find special weather-resistant and expensive materials for outdoor use, and with a limited budget, use improvised and cheap ones.
Base and floor
For light open ground and soil galleries, it is enough to make a gravel-sand cushion. During its construction, gravel or crushed stone of medium fraction and sand are used, and geotextiles are laid between these layers. The geotextile will prevent sand from mixing with crushed stone and subsidence of the base, as well as strengthen and level the soil and prevent weeds from germinating on the terrace.
More solid wooden platforms are traditionally built on a base of metal screw piles, concrete supports, screeds and lower strapping made of wooden beams and lag.
Suitable for closed massive structures with a roof the following types foundation:
- tape;
- pile;
- screw.
A tape and pile view is made of M-300 grade concrete, sand, water and a plasticizer, which is liquid soap. Reinforcement is done with a rod, metal mesh or improvised materials. When installing the formwork, you will need boards and bars for props, and the installation of piles involves the use of roofing material with fixed formwork and waterproofing.
The screw foundation is mounted from steel piles with blades at the bottom
The floor of the dirt terrace is not laid at all, furniture is arranged and enjoy the rest in good weather. You can lay out the site:
- paving slabs;
- tiled stone;
- sprinkle with small sea pebbles of different colors.
A strapping is mounted on top of any foundation and logs are laid from a bar measuring 50x150 mm, an aluminum profile or a WPC for decking.
It is recommended to finish the flooring with a terrace board specially invented for the street. It looks neat and imitates natural wood of valuable and expensive varieties, has a rich palette of textures and shades, provides ample opportunities for stylish design recreation areas.
For fasteners terrace board you need to take galvanized or steel nails
The advantages of this material:
- does not rot, does not fade, does not burn;
- does not deform under the influence of water and heat: does not warp or swell;
- the service life is at least 30 years;
- absolutely environmentally friendly and safe, it is pleasant to walk on it barefoot;
- affordable price, ease of installation;
- can be washed and cleaned with detergents.
Ordinary floor board is also used for flooring. Wood is inexpensive, this is its plus, but there are also disadvantages:
- under the influence of moisture, fungus and mold form on it, insects start, dark spots appear, then the wood is destroyed;
- boards are deformed from water, and dry out from dry air;
- fire hazard.
To make it last longer, you should treat the board with antiseptic impregnation and cover it with several layers of weather-resistant or yacht varnish, and also choose rocks that are resistant to outdoor conditions, for example, larch.
Looks great on the terrace clinker or ceramic tile for outdoor work a natural stone. It is advisable to choose unglazed and non-slip coating options. Stamped concrete is an innovative material consisting of monolithic concrete, printed with polyurethane molds to form various textures on its surface.
Stamped concrete imitates wood, stone, pavers, ceramics
frame
The frame is the basis for the roof and future walls of the closed terrace, it carries the main weight load, therefore, for the strength of the frame, choose either a thick wooden beam, or metallic profile. For lightweight sites, metal-plastic structures can be used.
Processing of wooden parts is carried out with fungicidal impregnation and varnish or paint for outdoor use
The standard size of the timber for the support posts is 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm, from the species you should choose larch or oak, coniferous. Aspen, birch or beech are not suitable for building a frame, as they are quickly destroyed by water. The support posts are reinforced with braces, which reduce the load on the supports and give the structure additional rigidity and stability. For these works, a bar with dimensions of 50x100 mm is taken.
canopy
Often a lightweight canopy is made on the terrace. It can be made of tarpaulin or other waterproof fabric, polycarbonate, wood, glass. The canopy is mounted even or with slopes, semicircular shape, complex configuration. During the construction of massive verandas, you will need support posts 150x150 mm, a truss system made of wood or metal and rolled waterproofing, as well as roofing material.
Soft roofing requires a continuous sheathing, it is used for domed roofs and tents
Polycarbonate is suitable as a roofing material. It is light, transparent, tolerates low temperatures well, can take a curved shape. Decking is inexpensive and easy to install.
Partitions
For a semi-open and closed area, it is necessary to install partitions and walls that will create privacy and protect from bad weather. Most often they are made of wood, they are solid and carved, in the form of lattices or low. With the help of partitions, the site is zoned into several corners with various purposes, for example, the summer kitchen and the dining area are separated from the recreation area.
Covered terraces look great with full-height glass walls that are equipped with sliding mechanisms to open on a fine day
How to make a terrace with your own hands
Building a terrace with your own hands will not take much time and is quite within the power of even a novice master.
Drawings and projects
If the main building has already been built and the terrace was not included in the project initially, you can design it later by drawing a detailed plan indicating all sizes and location on the site.
The owners of ready-made terraces post projects of their creations for general use on the Internet
If the terrace is attached to the house, then the length of the area adjoining the house is taken as the length
The floor area is determined by multiplying the length by the width. For example, for a terrace with dimensions of 3x4 m, the area will be 12 m². Layout and construction rules:
- Decking consumption for finishing should be increased by 15%, making a reserve for waste. We round up 13.8 m² to 14 and get the consumption of decking or other finishing material.
- The consumption of fasteners per 1 m² will be 22 clips and 4 starting fasteners per 1 linear meter. m. Each fastener has a hole for a self-tapping screw. Thus, for 12 m², you need to take 240 clips and 24 starting, 264 self-tapping screws.
- Along the perimeter of the finished flooring, the ends of the boards are closed with an end tape or a corner. The perimeter is 14 m.
- For the base, you will need 3 main beams of 3 m each, logs that are laid in increments of 35 cm, you will need to take 3 per 1 m² running meters lag. The standard log length from the manufacturer is 4 m. With an area of 12 m², you will need to buy 9 logs of 4 m in length. In addition, crushed stone, sand, concrete supports are required.
- Concrete pillars are dug in or poured to a depth of 40 to 60 cm every 1.5 m. The size of the supports is 40x40 cm, 9 supports are needed.
- The height of the terrace should be slightly less height the first floor of the main building for the possibility of a slope under a canopy. With a house height of 3 m, the height of the terrace will be 2.5 m.
- We count the support posts of the frame on the support blocks along the perimeter of the site, we get 8 racks of 2.5 m each. 16 m of timber 50x100 mm will go to the braces on both sides of each rack.
- Shed roofs cover spans up to 4.5 m, with a longer length it is necessary to reinforce the structure with girders and rafter legs. The step between the rafters from the boards should be 60–120 cm, from the timber 100–175 cm, from the thick timber 150–200 cm. With a step of 80 cm, you will need 5 rafters 3.5 m long and 50x200 mm in size, waterproofing 12m² plus margin for an overhanging visor, a total of 14 m².
- For the crate, boards of 25x100 mm are needed. Roofing material must be taken with a margin for the visor, which will be 14 m².
Wooden with a canopy
The project has been selected, the drawing is there, now you can start construction work. Let's take an example of all the stages of installation wooden terrace with a canopy, one of the most affordable and popular options.
For construction, the following tools and consumables should be prepared:
- tape measure, level, pencil, ruler;
- shovel, hammer, hacksaw;
- sand, gravel, water;
- fasteners, screwdriver, drill with nozzles;
- timber, waterproofing, roofing material, boards;
- decking and accessories to it;
- antiseptic impregnation, varnish or paint for outdoor use.
Substrate and floor preparation
Stages of preparatory work:
- The site is marked out according to the scheme, the perimeter is outlined, the places of the supporting blocks are marked. The top fertile soil layer is removed. Stones and debris are removed. Pits are dug under the supporting blocks, sand and gravel are poured to the bottom.
The layer of gravel and sand in the pit should be 10 cm
- Ready-made supports are installed on the pillow, they should protrude 15 cm above the surface to ventilate the flooring. For waterproofing, they are coated with bituminous mortar and wrapped with roofing material. Can do fixed formwork from roofing material and pour concrete pillars. The support bar is mounted horizontally to the wall of the house 5 cm below the floor level.
The beam is fixed with anchor bolts every 60 cm
- Beams are installed and fixed on the supports with reinforcement and fasteners, all junctions are waterproofed, logs are placed on top, attached to the support beam and beams, the strapping is knocked down.
- A terraced or ordinary floorboard is laid and fastened across the log.
The ends of the terrace board are closed with corners
- The floorboard is polished and impregnated with stain and antiseptic, varnished in several layers.
Frame erection
canopy
For a wooden terrace attached to the house, the best solution would be a shed roof with a slope of 5-10º. Installation includes the following steps:
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate has flexibility, transparency and lightness, is produced various shades, durable. Due to these qualities, it is often used for terrace construction, where it is an excellent alternative to wood and metal.
Polycarbonate is easily and quickly mounted by hand
Necessary materials and tools
To work, the master will need:
- shovel, tape measure, level;
- crushed stone, sand, concrete M-300, water;
- wood or metal for the frame: profile pipe 80x80 for the main racks, 40x20 for the truss, embedded parts for the base;
- polycarbonate transparent or matte;
- welding machine;
- fasteners: bolts, nuts, hardware;
- drill, screwdriver, a circular saw, construction knife.
Substrate and floor preparation
For lightweight polycarbonate, a metal frame and a columnar base are sufficient. Installation is carried out as follows:
Frame erection
Stages of work:
Canopy and walls
If the terrace is planned to be open, then it is enough to make a fence to the desired height. For a semi-open and closed recreation area, walls, partitions and a canopy are mounted. Work order:
Video: building a wooden terrace
Photo gallery: arrangement and decor of the terrace
It is beneficial to expand the usable space and equip a recreation area near the house with your own hands is easy and inexpensive. The result is a comfortable living room or dining room in the fresh air, in which the whole family will be happy to spend fine summer days.
