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We build houses from fixed formwork. Fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene: features of house building technology. pouring foundation walls

Unfortunately, we live in an era of catastrophically polluted ecology, and the desire of most people all year round Eating organic food is completely understandable. Hence the interest of those who have at least some piece of land in their use for the construction of greenhouses.

Construction of winter greenhouses

Greenhouses are different: seasonal or capital, large or small, factory-made or home-made. But they have one goal - to get an environmentally friendly crop as early as possible and as large as possible.

There is currently big choice greenhouses of various designs . It is very difficult for a beginner to understand what to choose and where to start building in general. How to calculate the area of ​​the greenhouse to obtain the planned crop, whether a foundation is needed and what kind, how to conduct heating, which roof to give preference to and much more. So let's start with the basics.

Types of greenhouse structures

Winter greenhouses differ from seasonal ones in many ways.

But the variety of winter greenhouses in terms of architectural design is especially great.

1. Wall. Good for small winter garden or vegetable garden. The presence of a common wall with the house makes it possible to reduce the cost of construction.
2. Arched. The traditional dimensions of such structures are 2 x 4 x 3 m. Undersized crops, greens and vegetables feel comfortable in them. For growing curly and tall plants arched greenhouses are not suitable.
3. Single, double, triple.
4. Farm. These are multifunctional devices designed for year-round operation in almost all climatic zones. They are distinguished by a large area, sometimes they are entire mini-plantations that allow growing a large volume of products (not only in the ground, but also by hydroponics).

Photo gallery: types of winter greenhouses

Wall greenhouses are different small size and economy in construction It is convenient to grow low-growing crops in arched capital greenhouses
Farm greenhouses are used in all regions and are designed for high yields Gable roof in the form of a drop withstands heavy loads and removes snow well in winter

But whatever the configuration, it should be remembered that the winter greenhouse is a solid building with heating and lighting. And frankly, building it is not a cheap pleasure. On the other hand, having spent finances and efforts once, you will enjoy quality products for many years throughout the year. And the result of your work will no longer depend on the vagaries of the weather or on the soil, but only on your diligence and skill.

Thermos greenhouse: pros and cons

A thermos greenhouse is especially popular among domestic gardeners, primarily because it allows you to get high yield while minimizing the cost of its maintenance (lighting and heating). It got its name because it is a structure completely isolated not only from atmospheric conditions, but also from cold ground.

The thermos greenhouse fully justifies its name, because it is a structure isolated from the external environment, in which even the most exotic plants can be grown.

Advantages of a thermos greenhouse:

• receiving excellent harvest all year round;
• possibility of application in any climatic conditions;
• high light transmission ability;
• good thermal insulation performance (energy savings);
• the ability to retain heat received through solar energy for a long time. This is what creates the effect of a thermos;
• the possibility of growing any crop, even such capricious as grapes.

Flaws:

• laboriousness and cost of construction;
• the need to have at least elementary skills and understanding of the design of the heating system, ventilation and household communications.

It is easy to see that such a design has more advantages than disadvantages, therefore, in today's realities, this is perhaps best option all-season cultivation of greens, fruits and vegetables not only for his family, but also for sale.

Video: do-it-yourself wooden thermos greenhouse

Do-it-yourself greenhouse construction

Before you start building, ask yourself a few questions:

1. Do you really need a capital greenhouse and why?
2. What result do you expect from its use?
3. Where are you planning to build it?

Agree, if you live in a private house and will build a greenhouse in your backyard - this is one thing, but building a greenhouse in a summer cottage, where in winter time no one lives - it's quite another.

If you are building a greenhouse on a site that remains uninhabited in winter, it is hardly worth making it all-season.

An important criterion is your financial capabilities at the moment and their at least the slightest security for the future, so that instead of the planned harvest, you do not get a long-term construction.

If you have thought everything over and decided, then there is a certain sequence of construction that you need to know.

Preparing for construction

The amount of materials is calculated individually depending on the size and configuration of the building.

Stages of construction of a winter greenhouse

1. Foundation laying. The winter greenhouse must be mounted on the foundation. It not only securely fixes the structure, but also protects crops from weeds, and also prevents atmospheric water from entering the greenhouse from the outside. The choice of the type of foundation depends on the nature of the soil, the depth groundwater, availability drainage system on the site and the size of the future building. For small-sized winter greenhouses, any foundation is suitable: block, brick, point, tape, on piles, etc. For overall buildings, a concrete foundation is laid (sometimes timber is used). When pouring the foundation, soil should be sampled from the pit to the depth of the freezing layer (80–90 cm).

   Shallow strip foundation ideal for small greenhouses

2. For capital greenhouses, the frame is assembled from a profile pipe, a corner, a hat profile. The corner is considered the best (galvanized corner profile). Since the hat profile and the profile pipe do not withstand a lot of snow, they are best used in regions with little snow, despite the fact that they are mounted easily and quickly. The corner profile is assembled without welding on bolts, withstands snow cover up to 100 kg per 1 m². The finished frame is attached to the foundation using anchor bolts. They provide sufficient strength and rigidity to the fastening, and the difference in the heat capacity of the materials protects the structure from the negative effects of heat or severe frosts. In order to save money, you can make the frame not galvanized, but aluminum, but here you need to take into account the weather conditions in the region (winds and snow cover). Aluminum construction can be deformed under their influence.
   

   The metal frame of the winter greenhouse can be reinforced with transverse stiffeners

3. Frame cover. Most commonly used:
   
4. Roof arrangement. The most common is a gable shape with a slope of 20–25°. The angle of inclination is individual for different forms of roofing. It determines the runoff of rainwater and the bearing capacity of the greenhouse in relation to the snow load. Therefore, do not neglect this indicator. It is not difficult to make such a roof yourself. To do this, the lower strapping bars in the amount of 2 pieces are laid along the side walls. A ridge beam is attached to them with the help of paired rafters. For wooden greenhouses, it is recommended to use a beam with a section of 120 x 150 mm for the ridge and strapping and 70x100 mm for the rafters. In metal greenhouses, the roof is made of the same elements as the main frame.
   

   The angle of inclination of the roof must be selected based on the requirements of aesthetics and the ability of the greenhouse to withstand layers of snow on its surface

5. Heating device. In fact, heating must be determined at the very beginning of construction, since this is perhaps the most expensive and most important expense item. It is heating that allows us to grow crops all year round in our latitudes.

Video: greenhouse construction steps

1. The foundation and frame of the greenhouse. First you need to drive out the base at least 90–120 cm. It can be monolithic (solid) or brick (ceramic) at your discretion. Fix a frame (metal-plastic, wooden, metal) on it and sheathe the walls with cellular polycarbonate ( better thick 8–10 mm). Greenhouse frames need to be equipped with transoms for access atmospheric air and, if necessary, equip them with special valves (supply ventilation).

   Ventilation windows can be opened manually or with automatic system, analyzing the atmospheric conditions inside and outside the greenhouse

2. Greenhouse cover. To cover the frame, double glass 4 mm thick or cellular polycarbonate is used, which has undeniable advantages over glass. First of all, they lie in the fact that when using polycarbonate, heating costs are reduced, therefore, at current energy tariffs, you can save a lot on the operation and maintenance of the greenhouse.
3. Glazing. If glass is still chosen as a coating, then the scheme of its fastening is as follows. You need to start glazing from the strapping beam, moving up in the direction of the ridge. Glasses are placed on a putty up to 2 mm thick and fastened with wooden (or plastic) glazing beads using metal pins. Between the glasses themselves and the glazing beads, putty should also be applied, which is used as modern plastic mixtures or sealants.

   After the glass is inserted into the frame, it must be smeared along the contour with sealant, and then fixed with a wooden or plastic glazing bead

4. Water withdrawal. A visor will help protect the walls of the greenhouse from water leakage. According to him inside a drainage chute is laid through which excess condensate is removed. Use a galvanized profile. A correctly installed visor should recede from the plane of the wall by about 6–8 cm.
   

   To protect the walls of the greenhouse and collect rainwater, various roofs and gutters are used.

Greenhouse heating

Heating is the most important engineering system for the winter greenhouse. When constructing it, it is important to observe a compromise between economic feasibility and providing the necessary microclimate for grown crops.

For small greenhouses, the usable area of ​​​​which is in the range of 15–20 m², it is enough to equip stove heating. For heating larger greenhouses use:

1. Water heating. This is the most traditional type of greenhouse heating. The system consists of a water heating boiler, pipes (forward and return), as well as expansion tank. Pipes are placed in the ground or under container racks (if the plants are grown in containers and not in the ground).
   

   The water heated in the boiler is distributed through pipes, where it gives off its heat to the surrounding soil.

2. Electric heating - infrared, cable or air. This type of heat generation is most often used when the supply of water is burdensome (for example, on summer cottages where water is supplied according to the schedule) or in those areas where there is a preferential nightly tariff for electricity. The connection scheme for such heating resembles a floor heating system - electrical cables are laid at the bottom of the pit, which are covered with a layer of sand and then soil. The undoubted advantage of such heating is additional heating of the soil, and if a sensor and controller are installed, then required temperature can be maintained automatically without human intervention.

   Electric heating is produced by cables that heat up when an electric current passes through them.

3. IR heating. This is a kind of electric heating system, which is much easier to implement: UFO-type heating elements or fan heaters are placed under the greenhouse ceiling.

   To heat the greenhouse, you can hang electric heaters under the ceiling

4. Heating on biofuel. It is the most economic type of heating for today type of heating. The use of biofuels is as easy as shelling pears - per layer fertile soil organic matter is laid down. Next, you need to provide and maintain the necessary humidity (up to 70%) and aeration (air flow). Waste waste is subsequently used as humus. The soil and air in the greenhouse are heated due to the decomposition of organic matter:
   • horse manure is able to maintain a temperature of up to 38 ° C for three months;
   • cow dung provides heating up to 20 ° C for 100 days;
   • straw gives temperatures up to 45 ° C, but not for long (within 10 days).

When using organic matter, it is imperative to take into account the level of its acidity so as not to ruin the soil, and, accordingly, the crop.

Video: greenhouse water heating using a gas boiler

Useful systems for increasing yields in the greenhouse

So, you have decided and decided - to be a greenhouse! Then you need to think about the illumination of plants in order to artificially extend daylight hours. This is especially true for the northern regions, where natural sunlight is not enough for plant photosynthesis.

It's easy to do it yourself. The main thing is to correctly calculate the total power of special lamps based on the area of ​​​​the beds and set the time and duration of work on the light sensor and timer.

Wouldn't hurt to make it automatic drip irrigation for timely feeding with moisture of the root system of plants. The principle of operation of such automation is simple, if desired, any owner can handle it. Water is drawn into a tank where a heating element is installed, and then, using a pump, strictly according to a timer, through supply hoses, compensated droppers and root pegs, it enters the plants.

In order to have fresh fruits, herbs and vegetables all year round, not only on your table, but also to quickly recoup the financial costs of construction, you need to have a greenhouse with a usable area of ​​at least 50–60 m², and ideally 100 m².

Video: building a winter greenhouse

In this article, we have highlighted the main aspects of building winter greenhouses with our own hands. We hope that now you will be able to quickly build a winter greenhouse and enjoy the fruits of your labor for many years.

To get fresh vegetables all year round, many owners of household plots and cottages are thinking about building a winter greenhouse. It has a heating system, so you can grow vegetables even in the northern regions of the country. You can build a winter greenhouse with your own hands - sketch out a project and a drawing, decide on internal device prepare materials and study step by step instructions erection of a building.

All types of greenhouses function in the same way, but winter designs must meet the following requirements:

• provide heating of air and soil;
• withstand high humidity;
• open as much as possible, which is necessary in the warm season;
• well pass the sun's rays;
• have exhaust ventilation;
• have a drain to drain excess water;
• be mechanically strong to withstand snow and wind.

When designing a structure, attention should be paid on the following features greenhouses for growing vegetables and herbs in winter:

Gallery: winter greenhouse (25 photos)

Project development

Before erecting a heated structure, it is necessary to draw up its project and sketch a drawing with the estimated dimensions. . Stages of project preparation:

1. Decide on the type of construction, the quality of the foundation, the type of heating, the thickness of the polycarbonate for the ceiling and walls, the location of the vents, and which profile will be used.
2. The drawing marks the connection points of the elements, and with what they will be attached.
3. Separately, a drawing of the heating system is made. Having decided what kind it will be, you should draw a plan for its placement.

Everything you need to have in a country house

To make it easier to do the construction with your own hands, it is recommended to make drawings in multiple projections:

• foundation - top, side and front;
• view of the greenhouse - top, side and front;
• heating system and boiler - from different sides.

If it is planned to build a structure with an area of ​​\u200b\u200bmore than 10 square meters. meters, then its design should take into account the regulations specified in SNiP on work with metal profile, as well as wind and snow loads.

Types of buildings

Before you start designing a winter greenhouse, the types of classification should be taken into account:

Material selection

When building a winter greenhouse with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account that best material for her frame be wood or metal. The bars are selected with a section that can withstand snow and wind loads.

Wood will provide the best microclimate in the building, and wooden blocks are more convenient to work with. In the same time metal carcass will last longer.

To cover the winter greenhouse, you can choose:

Automatic window opener for greenhouse

Properly selected material will help you build a winter greenhouse with your own hands, which will last a long time.

DIY construction

The structure should be erected on a flat area that is well lit and protected from the winds.

The foundation for a winter greenhouse must keep warm in any frost and be durable.

Foundation steps:

1. Dig a trench at least 80 cm deep and at least 20 cm wide along the perimeter of the future structure. The depth of the trench depends on the degree of freezing of the soil, so in Siberia and the northern regions it should be much larger.
2. The bottom of the trench is covered with sand with a layer of 15 cm, which must be well compacted.
3. Sand is covered with waterproofing, formwork is assembled and concrete is poured.
4. The structure is reinforced with iron reinforcement.

The foundation towering several tens of centimeters above the soil surface will make it possible to make high beds, which will greatly facilitate the work in the greenhouse.

Frame installation

The construction of the structure should be started only after the foundation has stood well and dried.

Stages of work:

Heating system

When installing a winter greenhouse, be sure heating system needed, which can have several options:

1. Furnace installation. It is cheap and easy to install a wood-burning stove in the greenhouse with your own hands, which will warm the air. The disadvantage of such heating is that the temperature has to be regulated independently, by reducing or increasing the amount of fuel for this. However, a wood stove can be made from improvised materials, for example, from old barrels.
2. Warm beds. Additionally, you can insulate the soil with the help of organic debris in the form of branches, tops, leaves. Large debris is placed under the beds first, and small debris is placed on top of it. poured on top fertile land a layer of 10 cm. During the process of decay, heat will be released and warm the soil.
3. Laying pipes in the ground. Pipes can be drawn from a central or other source of heating and laid in the ground, which they will heat. All pipes are mounted in one system in which water can be heated with the help of electricity.
4. Thermos greenhouse. To save energy costs, the building can be covered with two layers of polycarbonate, and the walls can be deepened to the freezing line. In such a greenhouse, the air temperature even at severe frosts will be positive.
5. Combined automated heating. In this case, the earth is heated by polypropylene pipes laid in it, and the air is installed from above. infrared lamps. By connecting a thermostat to such a system, temperature control will be carried out automatically. Combined heating can be equipped with a ventilation system that will turn on when the greenhouse becomes hot. Such a heating system is sold in stores, but it is quite expensive.

We all appreciate the availability of fresh vegetables and fruits on New Year's table. And the culprit of such a small celebration of summer in the middle of winter is the winter greenhouse. How to build a winter greenhouse with heating, what prerequisites and preparations are needed for this, what material is better to use than to heat - we will try to find out all this in this article.

Why do we need all this and where to start?

Every gardener will agree with the fact that the seasonality of growing various crops and plants leaves its negative imprint on the annual productivity of the beds. A person always wants more, and the desire to overcome the seasonal factor, characteristic of all branches of agriculture, is no exception.

It is for this purpose that we build winter greenhouses in order to be able to consume fresh vegetables and fruits of our own production in winter.

So where do you start? First of all, winter gardens- it's not a cheap pleasure. A do-it-yourself winter greenhouse is by no means an unrealizable dream, however, knowledge and a budget are needed to create such a structure.

We also need to decide initially on the purpose of the indoor garden for growing crops. Calculate its future functionality, determine its location in relation to the level of the top layer of the earth, depth, location on the site, total area And so on.

That is, first, as in any other serious matter, we create step by step plan actions and prepare a budget for it. This is the only way to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands without delay and unpleasant surprises.

Construction location

If you are already looking for how to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands, then you should know that it is located in a clear relationship with the cardinal points. So that the sun's rays in clear weather always fall inside it. For this purpose, structures are usually placed in sections with a lateral part to the south, that is, in length from east to west.

It will also be correct to take into account the wind blowing of the structure. You should not put a covered garden in an open space, it would be more correct to install it in a more secluded corner so that sharp gusts of wind cannot damage the covering material.

Install the structure so that it is freely accessible and can be serviced without constantly overcoming any obstacles.

We create the basis

Before moving on to the question of how to build a greenhouse for winter cultivation heat-loving crops, attention should be paid to the correctness of creating the foundation for the future structure. The construction of a winter greenhouse begins here.

You can make a regular brick-cement foundation, backfilled with sand as a pillow. The installation depth of the foundation should be 50 cm. The garden itself under the glass does not have to be deepened, you can just slightly raise the base.

Having created a brick rim, you can start backfilling the sand cushion and pouring cement over the entire area.

It is better to hold this event in sunny, dry weather. Usually the settling period is no more than a week. By placing the structure on such a basis, it will be possible not to fear for its stability.

The plinth can be made of stone or fresh brick, with a rise of 80-100cm.

For the construction of the foundation, the weight of the covering material is taken into account. If this is a film, the base should not even be deepened - it is enough to fill in a concrete platform, from which the frame is attached with mortgages. For polycarbonate, you can make a concrete platform or go deep by 30-40 cm. Glass, as the heaviest material, requires a strong foundation.

VIDEO: How easy it is to build a greenhouse for the whole year

Making a frame

A kind of skeleton of our design. A do-it-yourself winter greenhouse being built will not be able to stand for a long time in conditions of harsh winds and snow masses without a high-quality, durable frame at its core.

There are some of the most commonly used materials for building frame frames for greenhouses, namely:

• wooden;
• plastic;
• metal.

The construction of a winter greenhouse using wooden beams or plastic tubes is possible, but such a structure will be less durable and its strength and performance characteristics they can let you down at the most unnecessary moment, especially if the winters in your region are characterized by harsh winds and heavy rainfall.

Properly building a greenhouse means laying in its foundation a more durable and reliable material such as metal. Steel frame in the form metal frame, consisting of shaped pipes and several transverse bent sections, will become the very strong skeleton that any street structure needs.

In order to reduce the load, you can make a mobile roof that moves to one side. This option, as a rule, is practiced for seasonal structures in order to open it for the winter and give access to snow.

Structural sheathing

One of the most important components. Modern market offers several options for covering both year-round and seasonal greenhouses. Among them are the following materials, such as:

• film flooring;
• glass sheets;
• cellular polycarbonate.

Glass is quite suitable, but still its strength and performance characteristics are significantly inferior to the third material on the list.

The ideal option would be to build a polycarbonate winter greenhouse. This material has excellent strength characteristics, because in this respect it surpasses glass by almost 200 times! At the same time, it transmits 95% of sunlight and retains up to 70% of heat inside the structure itself.

Cellular (cellular) polycarbonate has excellent light transmission, which makes the use of such material a priority.

Choosing a heating system

The polycarbonate winter greenhouse should be equipped with a proper source of heat generation. This is, in fact, the most important component its arrangement for growing plants in conditions of severe frosts.

So how to build a winter greenhouse with heating? Warm greenhouse you can make it by using one or more main and auxiliary types of heating. We highlight the following:

• use of solar heat;
• biological fuel;
• water heating;
• use of electricity;
• furnace heating.

The sun's rays can be an excellent ally when growing plants in a greenhouse during a cold season. The warm rays of the daylight easily penetrate through the transparent polycarbonate coating into the structure and perform their natural function, heating the air inside the greenhouse to a decent temperature.

Straw, leaves, tree bark, bird droppings and animal manure can be used as natural biofuels. Superiority among animal fuel bioresources rightfully belongs to horse manure. This material has very high heat generation characteristics and is able to heat up to 70 degrees during the week.

Heating using a water heating boiler and a network of pipes around the perimeter of the structure or even underground, in the ground itself, is considered the most common and financially beneficial method of heating a winter greenhouse.

The use of electrical heating appliances for this purpose is distinguished by high reliability, but at the same time, extremely high costs.

Heating greenhouses using special stoves long burning, like buleryan or "slobozhanka", is also quite a suitable option, especially in the absence of a gas network or frequent power outages.

Internal thermal insulation

The choice of heating system, of course, important question, but it is even more important to decide how to keep the heat inside. And if you know exactly how to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands, then you should also understand how to properly insulate it from the inside.

This task is best handled by structures with a double frame, when a covering material is attached to the outside (recall, glass, film or polycarbonate), and an insulating layer is attached to the inside.

Inside, the room is additionally sheathed with a film for the winter, and the northern part is insulated with sheets of foam or expanded polystyrene

Remembering the Soviet method of winterizing windows for the winter, it should be noted that the film in this case is a cheap, practical and effective material. If the budget allows, you can make a second layer of polycarbonate, but then you need to resolve the issue with its dismantling for a period of warm spring, otherwise the plants will “suffocate”.

Still, it’s better to stop on the film, even if the frame is in one row. For fasteners, we make a frame of strong wire inside, repeating the geometry of the greenhouse. Already on assembled frame stretch the film and fasten it with clips. To make the connections airtight, you can use a sealant and go through all the joints.

Entrance vestibule

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this room for a winter greenhouse. On the one hand, this is a kind of buffer between a cold street and a warm room. It is no coincidence that in the vast majority of private houses an extension is made in front of the front door. On the other hand, it is the ability to store garden tools and not take usable area in the main room.

Tambour is convenient and practical

They build a vestibule from the same material as the entire room, and the joints are sealed. front door reinforced with a rubber seal - so it will close more quietly and will not let in a draft.

So, we figured out how to make a winter greenhouse with our own hands. Properly distributing their financial capabilities, planning everything from the creation of a project to internal arrangement already erected structure, we can further grow fruits and vegetables, flowers and even mushrooms at minimal cost, only by controlling the maintenance desired temperatures inside the greenhouse.

VIDEO: Do-it-yourself winter heated greenhouse

In recent years, polycarbonate has been widely used for the manufacture of greenhouses. This material is durable and at the same time quite elastic, which will allow you to create structures of a rather complex geometric shape. In addition, it has high light transmission (up to 85% of solar radiation) and excellent thermal insulation. Due to the heat-insulating properties of the material, heating a polycarbonate greenhouse, ceteris paribus, will require less thermal energy than for glass or film structures. This will significantly reduce the financial costs of the winter crop grown in them.

All this led to a great demand for polycarbonate greenhouses, which, in addition to purely utilitarian use, have also become elements of the landscape design of the territory of many suburban areas. Moreover, such a design can be bought ready-made, made to order or mounted with your own hands without any problems.

Greenhouses quite allow active operation in winter, but this will require the arrangement of heating and lighting systems. If the structure is only warmed up, this will allow the greenhouse season to start a month earlier than usual.

To heat greenhouses in winter and early spring, it is possible to use various types of heating, some of them are easy to do with your own hands, while others will require careful calculations and the involvement of specialists for installation.

The simplest is biological heating or the so-called warm beds. In this case thermal energy is released due to the processes of decomposition of organic matter as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms. Biofuel is horse manure or compost based on it, which is placed under the soil layer. Heat from a layer of organic matter warms up the root system of plants

Can be used in winter air heating due to the movement of heated air flows through the greenhouse. It is carried out by means of electric or gas heaters. Electrical heat guns are quite powerful portable fans. In gas heaters, heating is carried out by means of heaters dispersed over the area of ​​the greenhouse or heated air is distributed using an air duct system.

A variant of the winter heating system due to warming up the air is the use of convectors. Only in this case there is no forced propagation warm air, and its heating occurs due to convective flows, which contributes to a longer, but uniform heating. Such devices are mainly electric, but can also be gas.

Water heating of the greenhouse in winter is based on a pipeline system installed under a layer of soil and a heating boiler operating on one of the types of fuel: solid fuel, liquid fuel, electric or gas. Which of these types to install for heating greenhouses in winter sometimes depends on the availability of a particular fuel in the region.

Heating with a resistive cable is quite efficient and popular with greenhouse owners. In this electrical system two types of heat sources are used - a separate heating cable or ready-made heating mats. The cable is laid not only under the soil, but can also be laid into the walls of the greenhouse, providing efficient heating even in severe winter cold.

Heating a winter greenhouse with sources of IR radiation is currently considered the most progressive method from the point of view of plant ecology.

Video “Heating a winter greenhouse”

Can I use IR

The action of infrared heating sources in its physical essence is similar to heating sunbeams. IR radiation does not heat the air, but opaque objects that absorb it. Then, from the heated layer of soil, plant leaves, carcass and other elements, heat is transferred to the air due to convection. The winter greenhouse warms up similarly to the summer beds heated by the sun.

That is, the use of IR heaters in greenhouses is not only possible, but also the closest to the natural way of heating. At the same time, the soil warms up to a depth of up to 7 centimeters, which creates the most camphoric conditions for the root system of plants for nutrition and active growth. While the soil warms up to +28 ˚С, the air in the greenhouse heats up only to +22 ˚С. In addition, the air does not dry out, there are no drafts and harmful emissions from combustible fuel. Thus, the IR heating system creates the most optimal conditions for development in the winter greenhouse.

Types of infrared heating

Modern infrared heaters are light and elegant. Installing such heating in a greenhouse with your own hands will not be difficult. Their main elements are a ceramic emitter and a steel reflector polished to a mirror finish. By structural features they can be divided into two main types: case and film or tape.

The first are mobile and can be fixed both on the walls and on the ceiling, lowering them to the required height. More modern cabinet IR heaters no longer have a flat, but a spherical radiating surface, due to which their scattering angle reaches 120 degrees, which significantly increases the uniformity of heating.

Film infrared heaters are permanently mounted in the ceiling. However, their loss of mobility is compensated by greater energy savings and higher uniformity of soil heating in the winter greenhouse.

Such heaters mainly use electricity as a source of energy. But they can also be gas or liquid fuel. This allows you to choose the most optimal option in terms of cost savings during operation and ensure uninterrupted operation in the winter cold.

Do it yourself

The winter greenhouse must have an efficient, reliable and economical heating. If you install it yourself, you need to take into account the peculiarities of the climate, the advantages and disadvantages of various types of heating, as well as the ability to independently make correct installation and setting. What will be the heating system for a polycarbonate greenhouse depends on the specific situation.

When using biological heating, in addition to warming up the root system, plants also receive vitamin supplements, and outgoing evaporation helps to moisten the soil. Such heating is quite simple to equip in a greenhouse with your own hands and it does not require constant monitoring. However, the heat generated in this case will not be enough even in small winter frosts.

Air heating quickly warms up the air in the greenhouse, which is important during a sharp cold snap in winter. The equipment can be equipped with thermostats, which will automatically maintain the required temperature. At the same time, the use of gas for a polycarbonate greenhouse can be quite financially profitable.

However, rapid heating has back side– the greenhouse also cools down quickly when the heat supply is cut off. Therefore, a winter power failure or gas interruptions will lead to the death of plants. In addition, the air dries and the soil does not warm up. If electric guns arrange in the greenhouse and connect with your own hands is not a problem, then to do gas system, especially when connecting not bottled, but main gas, you will need to involve a specialist.

The convection heating system of the greenhouse is easy to equip with your own hands. In addition, the electronic control of the equipment allows you to make it autonomous and automatic. It has the same disadvantages as air system- there is no warming up of the soil and rapid cooling when the power is turned off, which is dangerous in winter frosts.

The water heating system warms up both the soil and the air in the greenhouse. In addition, the heated water after turning off the boiler will give off heat for a long time to environment. That is, during an emergency shutdown, the winter cold will not immediately reach the plants in the greenhouse. But with such heating, the soil is very dry, which requires timely watering. In addition, not everyone can calculate and make such a system with their own hands without involving a specialist in the forces for installation.

A winter greenhouse with a cable heating system allows you to create a favorable microclimate for plants, since in this case the soil and air warm up at the same time. In addition, the use of special sensors and controllers makes it easy to program it on effective level heating both in winter and during spring warming.

However, such heating will require calculations and some electrical knowledge for proper and safe installation. Also, during a power outage, winter frosts can destroy all plantings, but connecting an electric generator will save the situation.

With IR heating, the winter greenhouse provides the plants with the most comfortable conditions for growth. The use of electronic control allows you to integrate it with the system " smart House”, which allows you to adjust the microclimate in different parts of the greenhouse, depending on the surrounding conditions. It is not difficult to make such a system in a greenhouse with your own hands and at the same time you can ensure uninterrupted operation in the event of a shutdown of the main power source.

Video “Automatic polycarbonate greenhouses”

Some greenhouses are equipped in a far from handicraft way, and have their own lighting, irrigation system and heating. How it works, you will learn from the video.

Without resorting to the help of builders, you can build a winter greenhouse with heating with your own hands, but how? There are several ways to install this type of structure yourself. They include the stages of preparation, collection of materials and installation itself, but in general they are feasible even for a person unfamiliar with construction.

A greenhouse is an important building for flower growers and vegetable growers. Therefore, the installation of a winter structure will be an additional plus for them and will give them a chance to deal with plants all year round. Mounting a winter greenhouse that will keep warm even in cold Russian conditions is more difficult than it seems at first glance. Thermal insulation of walls and underfloor heating is required to achieve the goal.

First of all, you need to determine what type of building is suitable for the owner's site. Large or small? Solid or collective? Depending on the available space, budget and goals of the owner, you need to choose which characteristic is most important:

• type of heating;
• functionality;
• planting paths;
• materials used;
• the location of the building relative to ground level.

Depending on each characteristic, greenhouses are divided into several types. So, if the owner is going to grow citrus fruits and other heat-loving crops within the building, the functionality should be on top: there should be irrigation systems to maintain air humidity. There are greenhouses with less functionality, which are intended only for northern vegetables and herbs.

Double-coated winter greenhouses: photo
Do-it-yourself greenhouse with a foil blank wall
With heated electric floor

One of the most significant characteristics is the location of the building relative to the ground level. Buildings can be partially dug into the ground to retain heat, located on the surface, or transferred to the structure of another building. The latter type is rare for Russian conditions, but with the right construction it can be a functional and beautiful solution.

The type of do-it-yourself heated winter greenhouse is highly dependent on the materials used to build it. PVC is a cheap option that does not provide additional advantages, but polycarbonate is considered a good thermal insulation material. Glass is a traditional material that must be used with care due to its brittleness. The type of material can be chosen regardless of the shape of the future building, which can be gable, single-slope, flat, and so on.

The choice should be made on the basis of the financial and physical capabilities of the future builder. After determining the shape, materials, location, you need to pay attention to the most important part of the structure: the heating system.

step by step video:

Choosing a heating system and building site

How to build a winter greenhouse with do-it-yourself heating depends heavily on the type of heating. If bricks were used, matte darkened polycarbonate sheets, then less heat will come from the outside, but more will remain from the inside.

If sheets of glass are used, then the greenhouse will heat up mechanically, under the influence of even the winter sun. The level of influence of the sun on the greenhouse depends on its location relative to the luminary.

Infrared heating for winter greenhouse

It is necessary to arrange the greenhouse in such a way that the sun, passing through its daily cycle, constantly hits the walls of the building with rays. Otherwise, there will be not only a lack of heat, but also a lack of ultraviolet radiation, which is vital for any kind of plant.

Best Places location of winter greenhouses - glades, small elevations and hills. Only elevations will have to be additionally prepared in order to level the surface for installing the foundation of the structure. Lowlands for a greenhouse are highly undesirable, and surrounding such structures with trees is a gross mistake.

The heating system directly depends on the location. She may be:

• partially dependent on the sun;
• completely independent.

Partial dependence on the daylight is expressed both in the absorption of heat from the sun through the walls, which enhance this heat, and in the collection of energy through a solar battery.

This type designs are cheaper, because you do not have to spend additional funds for strong heating, but less functional. IN winter period you can't rely on the sun.

Better for self construction choose warm buildings With electric heating, which would maintain the required level of heat at any time. Less popular but just the same effective ways are heated by gas, water.

Preparation of materials

Having decided on the choice of design, heating, location, the owner proceeds to take action - the purchase of materials and tools. For various designs will need:

• frame beams(metal beams or durable plastic ones);
• transparent or translucent wall material (polycarbonate, PVC, glass);
• finishing material for the lower part of the structure (brick, plastic, polycarbonate);
• screws, nails and other metal fasteners.

The exact type and quantity of materials is specified depending on the chosen type of construction of a winter greenhouse with heating.

Preparation of the area for the greenhouse structure

The place for the greenhouse should not be at least somewhat uneven, because when the structure is tilted, the main moisture, as well as the heating substance, will be distributed unevenly. This will result in stunted growth of some of the plants. Therefore, before building a building, you need to level the ground with one of convenient ways:

1. Creation of a wooden deck. By driving piles into the ground and installing a small wooden flooring on them, you can get a stable platform for the building. In connection with high humidity near the greenhouse, it will have to be constantly renewed or well treated in advance against decay.
2. Creating a filler concrete pad. This best type: resistant, simple, not reacting to temperature changes and moisture. Sand, crushed stone are poured onto a leveled area, and a cement mass is poured on top of it. Concrete hardens for about a day, after which you can begin installation.
3. Simple leveling of the ground. It is carried out with the help of a rake, a shovel and other improvised tools.

Main stage: building a greenhouse

Photo idea: underground greenhouse

Now you can move on to how to build a winter greenhouse with heating with your own hands. The greenhouse begins to be erected when the space, details and workers are exactly ready for construction. You can not stand idle during work, because the greenhouse must be as airtight as possible, and long delays during installation will reduce the level of thermal insulation.

There are several types of greenhouses, but here the building will be considered on the example of the most popular - a gable greenhouse with a position deepened into the ground. The decoration of the building is made of bricks.

The foundation may already be prepared if the site was previously filled with concrete. If the owner has not done this, a strip foundation is created. It is necessary to place it deep, half a meter below ground level.

The walls of this building are also made of brick, which occupies 60% of the structure. It is erected in one element with a thickness (about 20-30 cm).

The laying of the first level of bricks is carried out up to a level of 60 cm above the ground. In this place, it is required to install windows that will give the plants natural light and create a pleasant view.

They are located at intervals of about 70 cm. The frames that will be installed inside the openings should be supplemented with vents for ventilation in warm weather.

The roof is made gable and transparent to provide additional heating. It is located at an angle of 20 degrees.

The strapping bars are installed on the roofing, then the strapping rafters are attached. A roof ridge is mounted to them. To protect the walls from water penetration into the windows, visors are installed.

Step by step photos:

Filling the strip foundation
We build the basement of the winter greenhouse from natural stone
Or a brick plinth
Wooden beam for mounting a winter greenhouse
We install with our own hands wooden frame from a bar

Building a greenhouse is no easy task. It requires special care and consistency. Professional advice will help bring the building to perfection:

1. To check the evenness of the greenhouse area, it is enough to use pegs and a long thread if there are no other meters at hand.
2. It is best to combine heating systems: water heating is as soft as possible, but electric heating is stable. Water heating in cold weather can break down, leak and not provide the desired level of heat. For such cases, it is necessary to install spare heating systems.
3. When building a structure, you do not need to disdain assistants. They will speed up the process in half, holding the assembled structures and helping to mount them together.
4. If finances do not allow you to buy a metal frame, expensive polymers, you can save money by switching to wood and glass. If possible, it is better to use brick when building. It's inexpensive thermal insulation material, which also gives your DIY heated winter greenhouse a beautiful appearance.