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Onions from seeds: how to grow and care for them. Onions grown from nigella - seedlings, spring and winter sowing Growing onions for seeds

Onions are one of the most useful plants growing in the garden. It contains in its composition special substances (phytoncides) that kill pathogenic bacteria. These substances give the onion a sharp taste and a peculiar smell, while endowing healing properties. When added to a dish, it leaves a special aftertaste, and also improves digestion and assimilation of food.

Onions in a greenhouse grow quite quickly. It is usually cut young.

The most common variety of onion in our country is onion. Growing onions is carried out almost everywhere. However, to get a large and healthy bulb, you need to spend a lot of time and effort. As practice shows, the optimal scheme for growing onions is: seeds - sets - samples - turnip. This scheme allows you to get large, strong bulbs in almost any conditions, but takes a lot of time.

Because in last years Growing onions from seeds is gaining popularity, which allows you to get a finished crop in one season.

In addition, a full-fledged turnip is better stored in winter than sets, and planting material is much cheaper.

Reasons to use seedlings

Often, greens are grown in greenhouses for sale. In winter, it has the greatest demand.

There are several more reasons why it is easier to use onion seeds than onion sets.

• when using onion sets as planting material, there is a chance of introducing pests or diseases to the beds. Even when using a manganese solution as an antiseptic, it is impossible to guarantee the complete absence of diseases or pests in the body of the sevka. Dressing seeds for sowing is much easier;
• sowing onion seeds allows you to grow marketable onions in a season even without seedlings. Depending on the growing conditions and the applied dressings, full-fledged bulbs can be obtained even with late sowing directly into the ground;
• growing seedlings avoids crop failure due to poor quality material. When using turnip onions, it is likely to get heterogeneous plantings with numerous voids;
• in seed cultivation, it is possible to select the strongest plants and plant them on optimal distance from each other so that they do not compete for free space and nutrients.

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Onion varieties used

For growing green onions, take small bulbs, 3-5 cm in size.

There are several varieties of onions that are best for seed cultivation in our conditions:

• Timiryazevsky, which is characterized by early maturity and high keeping quality. The bulbs are rounded, light brown. 2-3 bulbs are formed in each nest;
• Danilovsky 301, characterized by a sweetish taste and good keeping quality. This variety is semi-sharp and mid-season. The bulbs are round-flat and purple in color. Usually only one bulb per nest grows;
• Strigunovsky is a sharp variety with good keeping quality. Bulbs are round, yellow. You can grow a turnip from seeds in one season. When grown, 1-2 bulbs are formed in the nest;
• Rostov - sharp and early ripe variety with high tenacity. The bulbs are characterized by a flat, rounded shape and yellow. There are usually up to 4 bulbs in the nest;
• Bessonovsky is a sharp, early ripening variety with good keeping quality. Round bulbs are yellow in color. Quite prolific, since 3 to 5 bulbs are formed in each nest;
• Arzamas, characterized by a sharp taste, but medium ripeness. Bulbs are round-elongated, with a yellow color. 1-2 bulbs grow in the nest;
• Svirsky is a semi-sharp variety with an average ripeness period and good keeping quality. The bulbs are rounded flat, yellow in color. Only 1-2 bulbs grow in the nest;
• Odintsovets is a sharp, early ripening variety with good keeping quality. Round bulbs have yellow. One of the most optimal varieties for growing turnips in one summer;
• Carmen is a semi-sharp mid-season variety. It takes 120-130 days from germination to harvest. Harvest. The bulbs are rounded, with a characteristic dark red color;
• zolotnichok - a sharp early ripening variety with good keeping quality. The bulbs are round and yellow in color. Can be used for growing both turnips and sevka;
• Stuttgarten Riesen is a mid-season variety with a piquant taste. It takes 120 days from sowing to harvest. Large, dense, rounded bulbs have a yellow-brown color and good keeping quality.

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How to grow onions from seed

Onions are perennial herbaceous plant, which has about 400 species.

Growing onions from seeds can be carried out in several ways: by sowing directly into the ground in early spring, sowing before winter and growing seedlings.

In the first option, onion seeds are sown in the ground immediately after it has thawed. With this method, the bulbs have time to ripen in one season.

Podzimny sowing is done in autumn in slightly frozen soil. You should be careful, because with more early sowing onions can germinate in the fall, which is fraught with freezing.

At seedling method seeds have been germinated at home since February, and planted in the ground in April.

For any method of sowing, it is necessary to prepare the soil in advance. To do this, the earth is dug up in the fall with the introduction of peat or compost and mineral fertilizers.

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Pre-sowing preparation of seeds

A month before planting, the seeds must be checked for germination. To do this, you need to take 15-20 seeds from a batch and keep them in a damp cloth for a couple of weeks. Based on the results of this check, one can judge whether it is worth using these seeds for sowing or whether others should be purchased.

If the germination of the seeds suits you, then the pre-sowing preparation of the seeds is carried out. In order to avoid fungal diseases, the seeds are dipped for 15 minutes in hot water (45-50 ° C), after being wrapped in a cloth, and then in cold water for 1 minute. After this treatment, the seeds are soaked for a day in warm water (22-26°C). After soaking, the seeds are kept for 1-2 days at room temperature still wrapped in a damp cloth that needs to be moistened periodically.

Pre-sowing preparation can be carried out in another way. To do this, oxygen is supplied under pressure to a container with water and the seeds are soaked in it for 18-20 hours. After soaking, the seeds are dried and sown on the prepared soil.

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Preparing beds for sowing

Onion beds are best located in sunny places. It should be borne in mind that onions are best planted in beds that have previously grown cucumbers, legumes, cabbage, tomatoes or potatoes, as these crops supply the soil well with nitrogen. Onions grow well on loams with the application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

The width of the beds should not be more than 80 cm, and the height should not be more than 15 cm. When digging, 3-4 kg of compost or 2-3 kg of peat are added to the soil for each square m of area. Together with them, nitrophoska is introduced into the soil in combination with superphosphate (one tablespoon per the same area) or nitroammofoska with wood ash. Both compost and fertilizer must be carefully moved with the soil layer and lightly compacted from above. The prepared bed is shed with a solution blue vitriol in the proportion of 1 tablespoon per bucket of water with a consumption of 2 liters per square meter of beds. After all the actions, the bed is covered plastic wrap and aged before sowing 2-3 days.

Most rural residents traditionally grow onion sets. This method guarantees the harvest of large bulbs, and the planting material is used sparingly, because the size of the sowing allows you to distribute it over the garden at the right distance. Not everyone can grow this crop from seeds in one season, and the main reason for failure is the wrong choice of variety. But you can get excellent harvests when sowing black onions, correctly selecting varieties and hybrids, and the cost of seed will be much less than when buying a set.

In addition to reducing costs, this method of cultivation has other advantages. Firstly, onions from seeds are not prone to bolting, unlike sets, which require special storage conditions. Secondly, it is rather difficult to grow high-quality sets on your own, as well as to keep it until spring planting. But to obtain seeds, great efforts are not required: it is enough to plant several large bulbs in the garden in the spring and collect flower stalks after ripening.

The downside is that only a limited number of varieties are suitable for annual cultivation, especially given the seedless method of cultivation. In addition, some of them, although they give large marketable bulbs, can only be stored until January. And one more thing: when sown in open ground, seedlings need enhanced care, since the sprouts are very thin, weak, and easily clogged with weeds.

Variety Selection Criteria

When choosing a variety or hybrid of onions, you should pay attention to the following criteria:

• maturation periods. Early varieties they form a bulb in 90 days, in mid-season the vegetation lasts 110 days, late ripening takes from 120 to 130 days. As a result, some are intended for summer use and for greens, others are grown exclusively for turnips;
• the number of primordia in one plant. Small-sized (small-nested) varieties most often produce only one bulb, less often two, and are grown on a turnip. Polygermous form at least five pieces in the nest and give a lot of feathers for greenery;
• root size. Bulbs weighing up to 50 g are considered small, medium ones reach 120 g, large ones grow up to 400 g and more.

The taste of the onion also matters. As you know, it is spicy, semi-sharp and sweet, used mainly in salads. The characteristics of the variety are always indicated by seed producers on the packaging, and careful study of this information will help to avoid mistakes when choosing.

The best varieties and hybrids of annual onions

There are many varieties of onions, both domestic and foreign selection. Below are only the most popular of them, suitable for cultivation in our latitudes and time-tested.

Hybrid varieties of onions are also gaining popularity, despite the higher cost of seeds. This is due to the fact that hybrids are more disease resistant, store better and give good yields even on poor soils. The most demanded is the products of Dutch breeders.

Hybrid varieties of annual onions

A few secrets of annual onion cultivation

Quality seed is one of the essential conditions to obtain marketable bulbs, but mistakes made during cultivation can reduce the result to zero. There are certain secrets of onion farming that every gardener needs to become familiar with.

The most important thing is to choose the right seeds. Black onions lose their germination very quickly, and if the expiration date on the package expires in the year of planting, the seeds are already considered old and only 20-30% can sprout. It is best to sow the seeds collected the previous autumn, then the similarity will be at least 90%. At high cost varietal seeds, this is of great importance in terms of economy.

Onion seeds germinate long enough, and when grown in a seedless way, some of the sprouts are clogged with weeds and die. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to pre-treat the seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate and soak for a day in water. Growth stimulant can be added to the water.

After soaking, the seed is dried to flowability and sown in the ground. As a result of such actions, the seeds hatch faster, and the weeds do not have time to drown out the sprouts.

For the formation of bulbs, loose nutritious soil and an open sunny place are needed. The best predecessors onions are legumes, cucumbers, cabbage and potatoes. The bed should be prepared in the fall: it is dug up well, fertilized with rotted compost, added mineral fertilizers. On dense soil, the bulbs are small, often do not ripen completely and are affected by rot.

In order for the onion to be well stored, watering is stopped no later than 3 weeks before harvesting.

The last time the onions are watered a couple of weeks before harvesting.

Harvested in warm, dry weather, and then dried for another week under a canopy. Under these conditions, everyone can grow large marketable bulbs from seeds.

Video - Onion varieties from seeds in one season

Onions reproduce in different ways. You can spend several years waiting for the bulb to produce extra buds for seedlings, or you can just sow the seeds. They are also called chernushki, since they are black and small size. Growing onions from blackberries is very convenient. In one year, you can get a full-fledged crop without the problems and expenses associated with the purchase and storage of onion sets. Applying different ways planting, you can grow onions of any ripening duration in just one summer.

How to choose a nigella to plant in season

When choosing seeds, you need to decide on the main criteria:

• external and taste qualities of the future onion crop;
• the period of time for which it is planned to receive a crop;
• variety resistance to diseases, difficulty in caring for it;
• regional affiliation.

Varieties for open ground

Varieties are classified according to the degree of ripeness of the fruit for ease of use in various conditions- greenhouse, open field, at home.

early ripe

Early ripe varieties do not need a long growing period. Less than three months pass from sowing seeds to collecting full-fledged bulbs. These varieties, thanks to selection, have not only fast growth rates, but also excellent keeping quality of the bulbs. Fresh heads retain their presentation and useful qualities until spring.

Onion Carmen grows very quickly, so it is classified as an early ripe variety.

Mid-season in one year

Mid-season varieties reach maturity within 4 - 4.5 months from the moment of planting the seeds. Growing mid-season onions in one year is not uncommon in most regions of our country. This is the Chernozem region and territories located in the latitudes south of Moscow, all Leningrad region. Seeds are equally resistant to both short-term cooling and hot, dry weather.

late ripening big onion

Varieties late ripening It is customary to grow in two steps. In the first year, seeds are sown, seeds are grown. In the second year, the sevka is grown to an adult state - the head. In the southern regions (Stavropol, Krasnodar region, Republic of Crimea, Rostov region) late-ripening varieties fully grow during a long and warm summer. Read about the salad onion variety.

Growing methods

To optimize your onion cultivation efforts and to increase yields, it is customary to use various ways his sowing.

Sowing in early spring (soil, planting depth)

The most common way to grow onions is spring sowing. You need to plant in early March (in the southern district of our country) until mid-May (in middle lane Russia). The beds for crops are chosen sunny, located on hills. The importance of distance from ground water and lightness of the soil. Onions are able to germinate when the temperature rises to +8 degrees. Before sowing, the soil can be shed with a pink solution of potassium permanganate to disinfect it. You can learn about growing Elan from onion seeds.

Planting nigella in early spring

Onion seeds are indistinguishable on the soil. To ensure that their location in the garden is uniform, you can use this method: for a long segment toilet paper glued, and then it is laid in a groove and added dropwise. Seeds are glued at a distance of 8 centimeters from each other using a paste.

Sowing in autumn

Good results are obtained by sowing onion seeds in the fall. It allows the seeds to germinate the very first, as soon as the top layers of the soil thaw. Melted snow provides a lot of moisture in early spring and saves the gardener from worries about watering onion plantings. Seeds hardened over the winter give strong shoots that tolerate spring frosts. In all regions (except districts Far North or equivalent to them) can be fearlessly - the soil under a layer of snow does not freeze to critical temperatures, but keeps them in the region from 0 to -5 degrees. Sowing seeds in the fall saves valuable time in the spring when the gardener has other things to do.

Sowing before winter is done when the average temperatures drop below +5 ... +7 degrees. The soil must be dry. Under these conditions, the seeds will not germinate and will not die during frost. They will simply remain in the ground until spring.

Pre-growing seedlings (grow a turnip)

The method allows growing late-ripening onion varieties even when the warm period is very short. This method saves money on the purchase or storage of sevka in winter period. By growing seedlings and then planting them in the ground, you can harvest two crops in one season. Shallot will tell about the characteristics and care of onions.

Onion seedlings are grown in boxes filled with soddy soil with humus.

Bow loves organic fertilizers therefore, to enhance the growth of seedlings, a week after the first shoots, you can water the seedlings with liquid manure.

The layer of earth should not exceed 10 centimeters. Onion crops do not need a large depth of boxes. Their fibrous root system occupies the upper layers of the soil. The distance can be allowed up to 2 centimeters between plants.

The temperature should be maintained from + 10 to +18 degrees. If it is warmer, then the active growth of green onions will begin, and not the development of the root system. This must not be allowed.

Preparing seeds for planting (plant, sow, how they should look)

For getting good harvest it is necessary to pre-prepare the nigella for subsequent planting.

Determination of germination

In onion seeds, satisfactory germination persists for two years. At home receipt seed material, it can be argued that it is fresh. But when buying in stores, there is no such guarantee. To find out if the seeds are alive, pre-soaking is carried out. You need to take a small control group of seeds and soak them. If the seeds have begun to germinate, then the whole package of seeds is good.

Choosing the Best Seeds

Seeds are melted in water and left for an hour. Full, large seeds will settle to the bottom. Those that are dry or do not contain full-fledged embryos will emerge. Read about planting an onion on a head.

Disinfection

Onion plantings are often affected by fungal and bacterial infections. To prevent it, it is mandatory to carry out pre-plant disinfection of seeds.

Potassium permanganate is diluted at a concentration of 1%. This solution has a dark purple. The seeds are soaked in it for half an hour.

Another safe, inexpensive remedy is available to gardeners - hydrogen peroxide. Use a solution of peroxide with a concentration of 3%. Soaking lasts 30 minutes.

After the disinfection procedure in any way, the seeds are always thoroughly washed and dried.

Warming up the seeds of annual and perennial onions

Seeds of annual and perennial onions must begin to warm up 7 to 5 days before sowing. Thanks to this, plants will not be prone to plentiful release of arrows ahead of time. The development of the plant will be directed to the growth of the bulb, and not flowering and seed formation. Seeds are placed in a warm room. The temperature is acceptable in the range of 30 - 45 degrees.

You can place trays with seeds near heating devices. This procedure takes about five days.

Onion hardening

Hardening of planting material is possible in two ways. In the first case, you need to place the seeds heated by the radiators in a cold place (cellar, lower compartment of the refrigerator). An hour is enough to harden the nigella. Bessonovsky will tell about planting and caring for onions.

The other method worked well too. Seeds, turnips are placed in a bag and dipped in hot water. The temperature should not exceed 60 degrees. After 40 minutes, the bag is removed from hot water and falls into the cold for the same period of time. Such a short-term procedure can be carried out on the day of planting the seeds.

Hardening makes future seedlings stronger, more resistant to cold. Seedlings of prepared seeds are friendly, fast growing.

Video

Historically, the following scheme for growing onions has developed: seeds (nigella) - sets, sets - selections, selections - turnip. But recently, more and more gardeners are choosing to grow onions from seeds, since this method allows you to get ready-made bulbs in one season and it is better to save them in the winter, and planting material is cheaper than ready-made onion samples or sets.

If you intend to grow onions from seeds, first of all, decide on the varieties. For annual cultivation the best option there will be low-bearing varieties, such as:

For annual cultivation, the best option would be low-bearing varieties.

• Danilovsky 301,
• Myachkovsky 300,
• Strigunovsky,
• Mstersky,
• One year hawski,
• Annual Siberian,
• Odintsovets,
• early pink,
• Golden.

You can also choose hybrids of the Dutch selection with bright colors (red, white, tan), they will produce good rounded bulbs in one season. Featured hybrid varieties: early maturing Spirit F1, Stardust F1, which produces a large amount of green feathers, as well as Red Baron, which is valued for good keeping quality and yield. Multi-nest varieties are not suitable for annual cultivation, as the bulbs will turn out to be deformed.

Video about growing onions from seeds

Growing onion turnips from nigella

You can grow onions from seeds in three ways: sowing in the ground in early spring, winter sowing and pre-growing seedlings. In the spring, nigella is sown, as soon as the soil thaws, then in one season the bulbs will have time to ripen. Seedlings have been prepared since the end of February, and from mid-April, ready-made seedlings are planted in the beds. Podzimny sowing of seeds is carried out on slightly frozen soil so that the seeds do not germinate during the fall.

The soil for any option is prepared in advance, from autumn: the earth is dug up, compost or peat is introduced, mineral fertilizers are added. The beds are best formed in an open sunny place, where legumes, cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, potatoes grew before. The width of the beds does not exceed 80 cm, the height is about 15 cm.

Preparing onion seeds for sowing

How to grow onions from seeds in one season so that they can ripen before frost? Need to pay attention pretreatment blackies. Seed treatment will help to significantly reduce the period between sowing and emergence of seedlings, accelerating the development of plants and the formation of bulbs.

The soil for any option is prepared in advance, from autumn

For a month, check the nigella for germination: take 20 seeds and hold for 2-3 weeks in a damp cloth. With good germination, at least 80% of the seeds should germinate. To destroy the pathogens of fungal diseases, before sowing, the nigella is treated with a solution of potassium permanganate. Additionally, to speed up germination, you need to soak the seeds in water for 12-18 hours or dip them in a warm solution of a fruit formation stimulator (1 g per 1 tablespoon of water) for a day. After soaking, the nigella is dried for 15-20 minutes in the air until the seeds become free-flowing, and you can proceed directly to sowing.

Sowing nigella in the ground in spring or before winter

In the spring, when the soil thaws, dig rows 2 cm deep on the beds, with row spacing of at least 20 cm. Seeds should be sown quite sparsely - about 80 seeds per 1 m row, then square meter it will take about one and a half grams of nigella. Dust the seeds with tooth powder or chalk, then it will be more convenient for you to control their consumption and location. From above, the nigella is sprinkled with humus, sawdust or peat (layer 2 cm). It is not necessary to water the crops, otherwise a crust will form, which will make it difficult to germinate.

When the shoots have 1-2 true leaves, the plants need to be thinned out by removing weak shoots, two centimeters should remain between the green shoots. After the formation of 3-4 leaves, a second thinning is carried out - the distance expands to five centimeters. Torn tender greens can be used for food. Until mid-July, you need to water the onions, regularly loosen during the season upper layer soil and feed plants like onion sets.

You can start harvesting in early September, when the onion leaves fall down, but no later than 10 days before frost. The harvested onions are dried in the beds or under a canopy for a week, cleaned of dry feathers and put away for storage.

Seeds should be sown quite sparsely - about 80 seeds per 1 m row

How to plant onions with seeds before winter?

Prepare the ground as described earlier, form beds, cut the same grooves and leave in this state until the onset of cold weather. As soon as the first frosts come, nigella is sown in rows and sprinkled with a 2-3 cm layer of humus. Make sure that the beds are covered with snow in winter. In the spring, when the snow melts, sprinkle the bare seeds with humus or peat.

Growing seedlings from onion seeds

Some varieties of onions can only be grown from seedlings, which prolongs the growing season and saves planting material. They begin to sow nigella in the first days of March in a greenhouse, greenhouse or on a windowsill in an apartment. Sowing of onion seeds is carried out in boxes with pre-prepared soil mixture(as for tomato seedlings), row spacing - 5 cm.

Before the first tender shoots sprout, the temperature in the room with seedlings should be maintained at about +25 degrees, then for 4-5 days the temperature should be lowered to +12 degrees during the day and +8 degrees at night (boxes can be taken out to the balcony at home). In the future, for comfortable growing seedlings, a temperature of + 15 + 18 degrees is sufficient. But at the same time, it is necessary to provide additional illumination with the help of fluorescent lamps in order to extend the daylight hours for seedlings.

Video about growing black onions

By the end of April, 3-4 real feathers should grow at the onion seedlings, the seedling height should reach 12-15 cm. Before planting the seedlings in open ground, cut off a third of the leaves from the onion and shorten the roots to a length of 2 cm. Seedlings are planted in beds, maintaining a distance of about five centimeters in a row, with a row spacing of 30-40 cm. Press the soil around the plants to the roots. Two days after planting, you can water the onions and loosen the soil a little. Further care the same as described above.

Planting onions with seeds significant disadvantage: Plant growth can continue until harvest. It ripens completely only under the condition of a warm, dry autumn. Unripe onions will not store well, you will have to use it before the start of winter. Therefore, it is better to sow nigella in the fall, or by preparing seedlings at home.