Features of growing from seeds of gardeners' favorite - Turkish cloves. Growing Turkish cloves from seeds When to sow Turkish cloves for seedlings
It is quite unpretentious, so it is not difficult to grow these flowers. Gardeners love this flower for its ease of cultivation, as well as for its bright flowering for quite a long time.
Carnation (Dianthus) has about 400 varieties. In addition, many stunning varieties with simple and double flowers have been bred. Flowers are characterized by frost resistance and cold resistance.
They are divided into perennials, one- and two-year-olds. Carnations look great in flower beds, in borders and organically look among the stones.
Gardeners have been growing cloves since ancient Greece.
From the 16th century, carnation begins wide use throughout Europe and it is from there that the Turkish or bearded carnation originates.
Turkish carnation: flower
Turkish carnation is a low plant 20-80 cm high. Its dense inflorescences consist of a large number of small flowers 1-1.5 centimeters in size.
The color of the inflorescences is the most diverse: from snow-white to dark cherry. There are one-, two- and three-color carnations, with eyes, dashes and strokes. Flowers can be simple and double.
Reproduction of Turkish cloves
Reproduction of Turkish cloves occurs by planting its seeds. You just need to know the timing of its sowing. It is better to sow a biennial plant at the end of May or at the beginning of June, so that in August or at the beginning of September, the grown seedlings will be transplanted into flower beds in a timely manner.
In the event that some plants were planted for growing, then they need to be transplanted only in the spring (and this is best done together with an earthen clod).
If two-year-olds are sown before the first frosts, sprinkled with sand or mature compost), then in the spring the carnation shoots will be able to grow a rosette and enchant with their beauty next summer. Seeds of perennial cloves can be planted in April, followed by planting in the ground, or in May immediately in the garden. After a year, the plants can be moved to a permanent place.
In the year of sowing, a powerful rosette grows from the seeds of Turkish cloves. The carnation blooms only the next year.
If, after flowering, flower stalks are removed from the carnation, new layering may form on the outlet, which will bloom the very next year.
In addition, you can cut the cuttings after flowering and plant them for rooting. Closer to winter, a new green rosette grows on the cuttings.
You can sow seeds in spring, summer or autumn before winter. It happens that from own seeds carnations that have retained heredity do not always grow. It may well appear completely new and no less beautiful plant.
Features of caring for Turkish cloves
Turkish carnation prefers sunny places. It will also grow in the shade, but not so brightly. Water regularly, both before and after flowering. Moreover, it is recommended to hold the hose or watering can close to the ground when watering. It is better to avoid excessive dampness, as the plant may die with root rot.
Beautiful and lush flowering of carnations can only be on fertile soils. To do this, humus and peat, as well as mineral fertilizers, sand and ash, are introduced into the planting site.
The depth of digging is at least 25-30 cm. Plants are fed when they reach 10-12 cm, combined with watering, both before and during flowering.
To prevent the plant from getting sick with root rot, the carnation, upon reaching about 10 cm in height, is treated with fungicidal preparations, such as Hom.
Despite the fact that Turkish carnation tolerates frost well under snow, it is better to mulch it in late autumn with a thick layer of humus, sawdust or peat.
Turkish carnation, or bearded carnation (lat. Dianthus barbatus)- a plant of the genus Carnation of the Carnation family. The generic name of the plant is translated from Greek as “flower of Zeus” or “divine flower”, and this carnation is called bearded for the presence of bracts with ciliated edges. The Turkish carnation comes from Southern Europe. It grows on river sands, in groves, deciduous forests, meadows and rocks. The plant has been cultivated since 1573, and today Turkish cloves can be found in almost every garden. It is used to create alpine slides, flower beds, borders, and even as a groundcover.
Planting and caring for a Turkish carnation (in a nutshell)
- Bloom: from the end of June to the end of July.
- Landing: sowing seeds for seedlings - in late March or early April, planting seedlings in the ground - in the second half of May. Sowing seeds directly into the ground - at the end of May or at the beginning of June, as well as in October, but only dry seeds are sown before winter.
- Lighting: bright sunlight.
- The soil: fertile, sandy or loamy.
- Watering: 2 times a week, with a consumption of 12-15 liters of water per 1 m² of land. In hot and dry summers, you will have to water more often.
- Top dressing: three times per season: when the seedlings grow to 10-12 cm, at the stage of formation of the first buds and during flowering. Both mineral and organic solutions can be used.
- Reproduction: seed - seedling and seedless.
- Pests: bears and earwigs.
- Diseases: fusarium, rust and viral mottle.
Read more about growing Turkish cloves below.
Turkish cloves - description
Turkish carnation is a herbaceous perennial grown in a biennial culture. It has straight, strong knotted stems 30-75 cm high, glabrous, sessile lanceolate opposite leaves, green or blue-green with a reddish tint, and numerous fragrant, double, semi-double or simple flowers diameter from 1.5 to 3 cm different shades white, red, pink, cream color - one-color, two-color, variegated, velvety, with a border or an eye. The flowers are collected in a corymbose inflorescence up to 12 cm in diameter, which opens in the second year of life and blooms for a month from the end of June. In the first year, the Turkish carnation forms only a rosette of leaves. The fruit of the plant is a box with black flat seeds that ripen by August and remain viable for 3 to 5 years. Turkish cloves are grown not only for landscaping, but also for cutting: its inflorescences stand in water for up to two weeks.
Sowing Turkish cloves
If you decide to grow Turkish cloves seedling way, then sowing is carried out in March or early April in a substrate previously disinfected with a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate. The substrate is prepared from sand and leaf humus in equal parts. Instead of sand, you can take vermiculite. As a container, boxes or containers can be suitable, which must be washed before use. hot water with soda. A layer of drainage is laid at the bottom of the container, and a wet substrate is placed on top.
Turkish clove seeds are sown to a depth of 1 cm, spreading them at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. Crops are covered with loose white paper and kept at a temperature of 16-18 ºC, from time to time moistening the substrate from a spray bottle with water room temperature.
Turkish carnation seedling care
As soon as shoots appear, the crops are transferred as close to the light as possible, and the temperature of the content is lowered by 2-3 degrees so that the seedlings do not stretch. It is likely that you will have to arrange for seedlings additional lighting because plants need a lot of light. At the stage of formation of the second pair of true leaves, seedlings dive into peat pots with a soil mixture of the same composition in which you sowed the seeds. Turkish carnation seedling care consists of regular watering and careful loosening of the substrate around the seedlings.
Seedlings are planted in open ground in the second half of May, when warm weather sets in, but before planting, seedlings of Turkish cloves must undergo hardening procedures: daily crops are taken out to open air gradually increasing the duration of the session. At first, half an hour is enough, but in two weeks, the Turkish carnation from the seeds should get used to new environment so that you can safely plant it in a flower bed.
Sowing Turkish cloves in the ground
When to sow Turkish cloves outdoors
Turkish carnation flowers can be sown directly in the garden, bypassing the stage of growing seedlings. When to plant Turkish cloves in the ground? At the end of May or at the beginning of June, when the soil warms up and the threat of return frosts passes. You can sow Turkish carnation seeds in October, but do not forget that any autumn sowing should be done with dry seeds, and the soil should also be dry. In autumn, crops are mulched with peat or sawdust, and in spring the mulch is removed.
How to plant Turkish cloves in the garden
Choose a sunny site for the plant with fertile soil, best sandy or loamy. The soil on the site one to two weeks before sowing must be dug up to a depth of 20-25 cm with the simultaneous introduction of compost or humus and wood ash at the rate of 6-8 kg of organic matter and 200-300 g of ash per 1 m² of land. You can also make mineral fertilizers: a tablespoon of Nitrofoska and a teaspoon of Agricola for flowering plants for the same unit area. After digging, the area is covered with plastic wrap.
When the time comes to sow cloves, the film is removed, grooves are made in the soil 1-1.5 cm deep at a distance of 15 cm from each other, they are well spilled with water, and then the seeds are laid out in them in increments of 2-3 cm. After planting the seeds, the surface Lightly compact and cover until sprouts appear. nonwoven fabric.
Turkish Carnation Care
How to care for a Turkish carnation
Garden Turkish carnation needs regular watering: 2 times a week at a rate of 12-15 liters per m² of land. If the summer is dry and hot, then you will have to water more often. Try to pour water on the ground so that the jet does not fall on the plant itself, otherwise it may get sunburn. However, if the carnation grows in a lowland, be careful with watering, otherwise the plant may get root rot from overmoistening: as soon as you find that the Turkish carnation drops its rosettes, treat it with a solution of 40 g of HOM in 10 liters of water.
Growing Turkish cloves involves fertilizing the soil. The first feeding is carried out when the seedlings reach a height of 10-12 cm. A solution of one tablespoon of Nitrophoska and one tablespoon of Agricola Forward in 10 liters of water is used as a fertilizer. The next time the plant is fed at the stage of formation of the first buds: in 10 liters of water, dilute with a tablespoon of superphosphate and potassium sulfate. During flowering, a solution of 1 tablespoon of Agricola for flowering plants in 10 liters of water is added to the soil.
After watering, rain and fertilization, the soil around the plants must be loosened to prevent the rapid evaporation of moisture. Do not forget to also remove weeds in a timely manner and cut off faded stems at a height of 10-15 cm from the ground: in a month, new shoots will grow at the carnation, and by autumn it may bloom again.
The perennial Turkish carnation, although it is a frost-resistant plant, will better endure the winter under a layer of peat or humus 8-10 cm thick. In general, under favorable conditions and good care the lifespan of a perennial carnation is 5-6 years, and under less favorable circumstances - at most 2-3 years.
Pests and diseases of Turkish carnation
Under normal conditions, the Turkish carnation usually does not get sick, and insects rarely damage it, but sometimes troubles do happen, and you need to be prepared for them. How can a Turkish carnation in the garden get sick? In addition to being sensitive to heavy metals and urban smoke, it can be affected by:
- Fusarium is a fungal disease that destroys vascular system plants. The leaves of the carnation evenly turn yellow, wither, but do not fall off, the stem turns red or brown, the flowers bloom incompletely or do not open at all, the basal part of the stem and root system plants rot. Sick specimens must be destroyed immediately, but for now healthy plants and the soil around them is treated with a fungicidal preparation in two stages with an interval of 10-15 days;
- rust is also a fungal disease that affects the leaves, petioles and stems of the carnation: brown swellings with yellowish spots appear on them, the plants are oppressed, the stems dry out and break. The disease progresses against the background high humidity soil, excess nitrogen and lack of potassium. When signs of disease appear, the plants are treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid, a solution of the drug HOM or any other fungicide of similar action;
- mottle may appear in spring as spots on leaves without clear contours, deformation of flowers and variegation. There is no cure for this viral disease, so the affected plants are destroyed.
Of the pests of Turkish carnation, root-damaging bears and earwigs can annoy, from which seedlings, young shoots and flowers of the plant suffer. The fight against bears and earwigs is carried out by such means as autumn digging soil and trap organization: dig a hole, fill it with manure and cover it with something from the rain. Medvedki will gather in a hole to spend the winter warm, and in the spring they can be destroyed. In the summer, the bear can be limed by pouring a concentrated soapy solution into the passages leading to their nests, and for earwigs they are laid out over the bait area in the form of heaps of wet grass or half-ripened hay covered with planks, into which pests crawl to hide from the heat.
Unlike other types of carnations, which are plants with a long daylight hours, domestic Turkish carnations can grow in partial shade without compromising health and decorativeness. Optimum temperature for a plant 15-18 ºC.
The soil of the Turkish carnation needs a fertile, neutral reaction, for example, a mixture of leafy soil, sand, peat and sod land in the ratio 1:1:1:2. Before planting, the mixture is disinfected. When transplanting root neck must remain at ground level. To form more lush bush pinch a young carnation as soon as it has 5-7 pairs of leaves.
You need to water the carnation abundantly - the earthen ball in the pot should not dry out. Water for irrigation is used soft, room temperature. IN evening time in hot summers, Turkish cloves are sprayed.
Starting from the age of one month, carnations are fed every ten days with a complex mineral fertilizer for flowering plants. Fertilizers are diluted in water with the addition of milk and the soil in a spray bottle is sprayed with this solution. Top dressing is applied from spring to October, in winter time the plant is not fed.
Turkish cloves at home can be affected by spider mites, aphids and mealybugs. Wash off the pests with soapy water, then spray the plant with an infusion of tansy, celandine or yarrow, but if these measures do not work, treat the Turkish carnation with Aktellik, Aktara or another insectoacaricide.
Varieties of Turkish cloves
The most common varieties of Turkish cloves are:
- Diadem- bushes up to 45 cm high with shoots and leaves of dark green color with a red tint and dark red nodes. Dark carmine flowers with a large white eye and petals serrated along the edge are collected in an inflorescence up to 10 cm in diameter;
- scarlet beauty- bushes 45-50 cm high with dark green leaves and shoots and bright red flowers up to 23 mm in diameter with petals serrated along the edge;
- Heimatland- bushes up to 50 cm high with shoots and leaves of dark green color with a dark red tint. The flowers are dark red, up to 2 cm in diameter, with an eye and petals deeply serrated along the edge. Inflorescences in this variety with a diameter of up to 12 cm;
- Lachskenigin- a variety about 45 cm high with large inflorescences of salmon-pink flowers;
- Schneebal- white Turkish carnation up to 40 cm high with green leaves and shoots. Terry flowers with jagged edges of petals are collected in inflorescences up to 11 cm in diameter;
- Weiss Risen- bushes up to half a meter high with green leaves and shoots and white flowers up to 25 mm in diameter, collected in inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter;
- Kupferrot- bushes up to half a meter high with dark green leaves and shoots and copper-red flowers up to 22 mm in diameter with jagged edges. Inflorescences reach a diameter of 9-10 cm;
- Egyptian- a variety up to 60 cm high with narrow burgundy leaves and catchy maroon flowers with a white border;
- Undine- this variety has purple flowers with a white center and a white border.
The variety type Holland has also gained popularity - a group of varieties about 60 cm high with branched stems and multi-flowered inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter. Cut flowers of this series last up to two weeks.
Perhaps there is no family in the plant world that is more numerous in terms of species and varieties than Clove, because this herbaceous culture is adapted to life in a variety of, almost any conditions. This follows from the species names themselves, because there is a carnation:
- field;
- alpine;
- sandy;
- meadow;
- garden.
There are also species named after a specific place of growth:
- Volga;
- Ural;
- Uzbek.
But only in the land that every second splashes out of its banks because of the frenzied riot of colors, sounds and smells, could a Turkish carnation appear.
Botanical description
In general terms, all Carnations are similar to each other, only the nuances of their external appearance distinguish them. But what are these nuances! Is it possible to compare a Turkish carnation - dressed in brocade and studded with jewels of all shades, a noble lady Dianthus barbatus - and a modest village girl - a grass carnation? It turns out you can.
Both the first and the second grow into several upright, hard woody stems, consisting of long segments connected by thickened knots (in the manner of bamboo). The nodes serve as places of departure from the stem of narrow, sessile, oppositely located, hairless hard leaves of a lanceolate-linear shape.
The color of the leaves can be dark green, and green-gray, and have a reddish tint. Be sure to have a powerful basal rosette, almost immediately turning into a fibrous root in Turkish cloves and a short rhizome in grass.
With the same structure, the shoots have a different function: there are only leaves bearing, there are flower-bearing ones.
But if a herb has single flowers, then her Turkish “sister” has them collected in a heavy and voluminous inflorescence-shield, similar to honeycombs, where all the flowers are at approximately the same stage of development (if buds, then all buds, if wilting, then also friendly ). The number of always five-petalled flowers and their color depend both on the variety and on the growing conditions.
"Zeus", or "divine flower" (often tinged with gore or fresh blood, and the king of the gods adored bloody scenes) has a second name. This carnation is also called bearded because of the ciliary edging of each flower from small, tightly adjacent leaves, which looks like a long thick bristle.
Varieties
Due to the success and ease of hybridization, the varieties are unusually numerous. There are miniature heights, there are "sheaves" up to 90 cm, there are medium-sized ones. There are varieties with flowers, both simple and terry, monophonic (without a “eye”) and variegated-striated, made up of stripes various shades red, pink, cream, purple and pure white.
Even the color of leaves and stems can be both different shades of green and reddish. The diameter of the flower can reach 1.5 cm, and the scutes of the inflorescences themselves - up to 10-12 cm or more. The honey viscous aroma, characteristic of plants of any variety, completes the charm.
Depending on the preferences of the owners of the plots, agricultural firms offer varieties of various colors, among which the most popular are:
- Scarlet Beauty (raspberry);
- Newport Pink (pink);
- Hollandia (color of fresh blood with a snow-white "eye");
- Holborn Glory (white with raspberry trim);
- White Queen (snow white);
- Pink Beauty (pink).
Of interest:
- a mixture of dwarf Pinocchio varieties;
- first year blooming Sprint and SuperDuplex;
- having chocolate tone Sooty;
- Noverna Clown, which, blooming, "fills" with color (from less saturated to more intense).
Turkish carnation flowers in the photo:
Growing Turkish Cloves from Seedlings
When sowing seedlings from seeds, the onset of February is a suitable time. The seeds are buried in the prepared soil by no more than 0.5-1 cm. To get rid of the need for picking, each seed can be provided in a separate cup; when planting in a common container, picking (transplanting into individual containers) cannot be avoided.
Subsequent care consists in watering once in 2-3 days a box placed on a window sill illuminated by the sun and hardening, which begins shortly before planting in the ground. The time the seedlings stay outside (in a place without a draft) slowly lengthens from 1-2 hours to a constant one. Using this method allows planting seedlings literally at the end of April (after the danger of night frosts has passed).
An option is also to sow the seeds in (soil protected from above by a film or glass), located in a sufficiently lit place with the possibility of maintaining a temperature of at least 13 ° C in it. After 2-3 weeks after sowing, the first shoots will appear. Subsequently, they are thinned out or planted in other beds (having previously applied nitrogen-containing fertilizer as an “antistress”). They are planted in a flower bed 25 cm apart with the onset of steadily warm weather.
The subtleties of growing cloves from seeds:
Sowing in open ground
It is possible to plant Turkish cloves in another way - by sowing seeds in open ground. Given that in the wild, carnation grows in meadows, and on stone slopes, and on coastal pebbles, worrying about soil properties is unnecessary if the soil is light and neutral. But with high acidity of the soil, adding dolomite flour and peat in it is necessary.
The second important point is sufficient illumination of the landing site and the absence of relatives. ground water.
Since the seeds of this type of clove low temperatures they are not too afraid, starting from the last days of April, you can plant seeds directly into the soil (to a depth of no more than 1 cm) with a distance between rows of 15-20 cm and 15 cm between future plants (they should not be crowded). You can plant it thicker (after 5-7 cm), and when the seedlings reach a height of 8-10 cm, transplant the "supernumerary" to another bed.
When planting seedlings in the ground, you have to wait a long time for seedlings, but on the other hand, it allows you to sow even at the beginning of summer (in June, even July), and leaf rosettes of plants go into winter fully formed, with indispensable flowering with the onset of next year. When releasing flower stalks by the first years, they should be removed so that the plants overwinter comfortably.
Another trick is winter sowing seeds in dry (without watering) soil at the beginning of stable cold weather. The onset of spring will awaken the seeds, but the flowers will have to wait a little longer.
Sowing cloves with seeds in open ground:
Outdoor plant care
The main points of care are:
- fertilizer;
- watering;
- loosening;
- weeding.
Perennial cloves are planted in places where, in the fall, completely rotted manure with the addition of superphosphate (calculated for the latter at 50 g / m 2) was introduced for digging. Before spring digging, potassium sulfate and ammonium nitrate (25 g / m 2 each) are added.
It is possible to provide one-year-old cloves with the necessary minerals and trace elements by fertilizing, carried out in 2 stages. The first stage is the addition of ammonium nitrate (15 g / m 2) on the 7-8th day after planting the seedlings in the final place, the second - in the phase of mass budding (a combination of potassium sulfate and ammonium nitrate).
Carnation treats “underfilling” better than “overflow”, especially if it has enough heat and light from the sun. Watering can be combined with foliar feeding by adding a liquid fertilizer complex to the water (preferably every week during the period April-June).
Pruning spent flower stalks stimulates the second wave of flowering.
Carnation flowering continues for quite a long time - starting in the last decade of June (in the second year of life), it lasts at least 1 month.
Growing and caring for Turkish cloves:
Vegetative propagation
This method includes 2 breeding methods:
- layering;
- cuttings.
In the first variant, the peduncle is removed, and the top of the stem, bent to the ground, is pinned with a wire bow and covered with moist soil. After a month, rooted cuttings can be transplanted.
In the second method of vegetative propagation, cuttings cut from the stem of a biennial plant are planted in loose, moderately moist soil, slightly shading them. After 3 weeks, young leaves will appear on the cuttings. The transplant is carried out in August, and the cuttings will bloom next year. When carrying out manipulations in a greenhouse, the process is significantly accelerated.
There are no special "room" varieties of Turkish cloves. But if you want to have your favorite culture in the house throughout the year, you can either transplant a plant from the site into a pot, or (in the absence of such) grow " fire flower» undersized variety from seeds according to the described method.
If you want to have flowers of different shades at home, you can use a mixture of varieties for planting.
Diseases and pests
Clove greens can be damaged:
- scoop caterpillars;
- thrips.
The remedy for the first is manual collection or the use of "Fitoverm", from the second - insecticides of the category "Zolon" (3-4 times application with an interval of 5 days).
Roots are threatened by:
- gall nematodes;
- mice.
In the first case, steaming the soil with boiling water with its 3-4-fold dressing with Aktara should be combined with the obligatory burning of infected plants. From mice, covering the landings for the winter with coniferous branches will help.
From putrefactive diseases of cloves most widespread have:
- rhizoctoniosis;
- phialophorosis;
If the first is expressed by rotting of the root neck (brownish coating in the form of felt), then in the second, the stem on the cut has characteristic lesions of the juice-conducting system in the form of dirty brown rings and streaks.
There is no way to save the plant during rhizoctoniosis; for the purpose of prevention, the soil is spilled and the culture is sprayed with Bordeaux liquid. In the second variant of the lesion, the soil is shed with a solution of potassium permanganate, the surviving plants are sprayed with Topsin-M for prophylactic purposes. All of these manipulations will lead to nothing if the affected bushes are left in place - they must be burned.
The use of "Fundazol" is recommended to save uninfected bushes during Fusarium wilt. The affected specimens (with browned and withered leaves, with the presence of convex pinkish spots on the parts of the plant body elevated above the ground) should be immediately destroyed.
Mold infestations are usually caused by excessive watering or frequent summer rains (especially when combined with cold weather).
All the attacks on the "flaming flower" stem from the too active intervention of breeders in its heredity. Therefore, when cultivating any variety, recommendations for keeping the plant in a healthy state should be followed.
Carnations will enliven any corner in the garden or decorate the balcony with their bright flashes of white, yellow, all shades of purple.
Different species and varieties differ in the timing of vegetation and flowering, the size of the flowers, their doubleness, the shape and color of the petals.
In order for these many-sided flowers to please longer lush bloom and delicate aroma, you must follow the simple rules for growing cloves.
Types and varieties of carnations
The most popular for cultivation on suburban area the following types are considered:
turkish or bearded carnation(D/ barbatus) is short (15-20 cm) and tall (60-80 cm). Main characteristic difference from other types of carnations is that its small flowers (simple or double) are collected in "umbrellas" with a diameter of 10-12 cm. It blooms in June - July. Flowers can be either single or tricolor. Known varieties: "Red Monarch", "Diadem", "Newport Pink", "Wiese Riesen", "Kupferrot", "Schneeball", "Mirage".
carnation chinese(D/chinensis) - perennial. In Russia, due to climatic conditions, it is grown as an annual crop. It grows in the form of bushes 15-50 cm in size. It blooms from July to August. On dwarf varieties a ring in the center of the flower is characteristically contrasting in color. Popular varieties: "Parfait Strawberry", "Ideal Rose", "Color Magician", "Ideal Rose".
carnation pinnate(D. plumarius) - small plant(25-30 cm), forming a dense "pillow" of a large number shoots. In one place can remain up to 4-5 years. Flowers can be simple and double, have pleasant aroma. Color varies from all shades of pink to white. It starts blooming in June. Winter-hardy. The most famous varieties are: "Cyclops", "Pheasant's Eye", "Sweetness", "Semi-double Mixed", "Semi-double Mixed".
carnation alpine(D. alpinus) - perennial undersized (20-25 cm) species. Used in rock gardens, rockeries, as a border and groundcover.
carnation grass(D. deltoides) forms loose curtains. Winter-hardy down to -40°С. It begins to bloom in the last days of June and until the second decade of September. The most famous varieties: "Brilliancy", "Flashing Light", "Microchip", "Arctic Fire". put on Alpine rollercoaster, in borders, for decoration trunk circles under the young fruit trees.
Dutch carnation or garden clove(D. caryophyllus) is grown as a perennial and flowers from May to August. Flowers are terry, semi-double, their color is different. Among this species, such carnation groups as Chabot, Souvenir de Malmaison, Grenadine have become popular.
Among garden carnations, remontant carnations are valued, blooming many times per season. This hybrid was obtained by multiple crossing of different species and forms. Depending on the size of the stems (high - from 60 cm, medium - 30-60 cm and dwarf - below 30 cm) are used for cutting, decorating flower beds, landscaping balconies, as potted plants in indoor floriculture.
Cultivation of cloves: the choice of planting material
You can grow cloves from seeds, seedlings, rooted cuttings, and divisions of bushes.
Seeds are the most cheap way acquisitions planting material. Perennials grown from seeds will bloom only in the second year.
Seedlings and rooted cuttings can be purchased from nurseries or greenhouses.
Shrub pieces do not appear in the mass sale of stores. They can be purchased from neighbors in the country.
Planting material should be selected taking into account climatic conditions your region and the purpose of using these flowers (in rockeries, alpine hills, for cutting, as a pot culture).
We grow carnations: planting
Planting Location: Carnations of all kinds like bright, sunny areas. Grass, Turkish and feathery carnations can grow in partial shade.
Soil: Carnations prefer well-drained fertilized soil with a pH close to neutral. If the site is close to the location of groundwater, then carnations should be planted in elevated flower beds.
Carnations propagate by seeds and vegetatively (cuttings, dividing the bush and layering).
Seeds grow annual cloves (Shabo, Chinese) and biennial cloves. At the same time, plants obtained from seeds may not retain their varietal color. Sowing is done in January-February in pots with a prepared substrate of leafy soil (2 parts), peat humus (2 parts) and sand (1 part). The seeds are distributed along the grooves (depth 0.3 cm), sprinkled with sand, covered with a film. Crops contain at +12-16°C. Shoots appear after 7-10 days. During this period, you can use the backlight. When 2 pairs of leaves grow on the seedlings, they dive into separate cups. In order for the bushes to be compact, the growth point must be pinched. Seedlings are planted on the beds in the last decade of May or in the first week of June, keeping a distance between plants of at least 20 cm.
Perennial carnations are sown in early spring or autumn immediately into the ground. Such plants will bloom only in the second year.
All kinds of carnations are propagated by cuttings, except for annuals. It is better to harvest cuttings in early autumn or spring, so that young plants take root before summer heat or frost. For cuttings, half-ripe developed stems are needed. They are divided into pieces 3-9 cm in size (the length depends on the type of carnation). Cuttings are best taken from the middle part of the shoot. A cut on the shoot is made under the knot. The two pairs of lower leaves are removed. With a sharp knife cut deep into 1/3 of the stem between the two lower nodes. The cuttings are planted in a prepared substrate (sand + perlite / vermiculite), covered with a film or placed in a greenhouse until rooting (15-20 days).
Carnations with long shoots are grown by layering. On the section of the stem between the nodes, an incision is made 1/3 of the thickness, bent to the ground, fixed with sand and watered. After the appearance of the roots, young plant separated from the mother and planted separately.
The division of the bush is used for those types of carnations that form sods, and also when it is necessary to rejuvenate a valuable plant variety. The bush is divided into 2-3 years of vegetation of the mother liquor. Separated parts bloom in the same year, but not very plentifully.
Vegetative propagation the good thing is that in this case, new plants will have all the species characteristics. It is necessary to propagate carnations, especially perennial ones, more often, as over time they lose their decorative effect.
Cultivation of cloves: care
Carnation care is simple and consists of watering, weeding, loosening, fertilizing, shelter for the winter.
Watering is carried out 2 times a week in the morning, 12-15 l / m2. Depending on the season, weather and physical properties soil watering should be regulated. If the plants are located in the lowlands, then the amount of watering is reduced, otherwise the carnation will die of root rot. Water flowers under the root, not from above.
After watering, the ground around the plant bushes must be loosened so as not to provoke the development of fungal diseases.
Fertilizers have a good effect on varietal carnations. In autumn, a plot intended for growing cloves is dug up with organic fertilizers(humus, peat compost) at the rate of 2 kg/m2. Do not use fresh manure. Carnations need nitrogen when growing foliage, so it is applied (5-6 g / m2) after the planted plants have adapted to a new place. During the tillering and budding period, the plants are fed with potash and phosphorus fertilizers (4-5 g/m2). You can use complex flower fertilizers, for example, Agricola, Bud, Ideal, etc.
Carnations are resistant to wintering in open ground. In snowless winters, it can become dangerous very coldy(-30-40°C). In spring, these flowers can also suffer from thaws: sprouts break through on thawed thawed patches, and at night frosts destroy them. For safety, you can mulch clove bushes or cover them with spruce branches.
Tall varieties be sure to tie up to avoid breaking the stems.
In summer, to stimulate the emergence of new shoots and secondary flowering, faded stems should be cut off.
Major pests and diseases. Methods of dealing with them
Aphid- a dangerous sucking pest that damages young leaves and shoots (they become deformed, become sticky). Reproduces rapidly in dry weather, tolerates viral diseases. Insecticides are used to kill insects.
thrips- small (1-1.5 mm) brown sucking insects. Silvery spots form on damaged plants, the growth point is deformed, flower petals turn brown. For the destruction of thrips, a double spraying with insecticides is used: Aktara, Fitoverm, Fufanon, Spark with an interval of 4-5 days.
spider mite and its larvae damage plants by sucking juices from leaves and young shoots. Extensive colorless and dried areas are visible on damaged leaves. Grows quickly in dry air high temperature. To kill ticks, it is necessary to use different insecticides and alternate them, as new populations acquire resistance to the poison.
clove fly- a small insect of brown-gray color and 6-7 mm long. Harm is caused by its larvae, which mine the leaves and stems. Part of the shoot over the affected area takes on a gray color, fades and dies. Pest control measures include cleaning and burning plant residues, plowing or digging plots, thermal disinfection of the soil (in greenhouses). Chemical processing consists in the use of insecticides (Karate, Spark, Lightning).
Nematodes attack both the stems and the roots of the plant. In damaged carnations, growth slows down, the leaves turn yellow and dry out. With gall nematodes, swellings and warty growths are characteristic on the roots. The fight against it lies in the disinfection of the soil, the use of healthy planting material.
carnation elephant- a yellowish-brown beetle with black and white stripes. Lays eggs in the thickness of the leaves. Damage to carnations is caused by adults and larvae, eating leaves. They hibernate under plant debris and in the soil. Therefore, autumn digging of the site, cleaning of plant residues, and the use of insecticides are mandatory.
clove leaflet- butterflies 18-22 mm in size. The female has orange wings, the male has gray-brown. Caterpillars cause harm: they eat leaves and ovaries, braid them with cobwebs, make passages inside the stem.
bacterial cancer is a disease caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The growth of diseased carnations stops. characteristic feature of this type of cancer are bumpy growths on the roots. With the development of the disease, the root system rots. Infected plants cannot be treated and must be burned.
With Alternariosis gray spots with a black coating appear on the affected carnations. The stem is bent, new leaves become smaller. The plant withers and dies. The disease develops rapidly at high humidity of air and soil. The carnation Shabo is most susceptible to damage. It is recommended to alternate crops on the site, destroy plant residues, and observe agricultural practices. Sick plants are sprayed three times with fungicides, keeping the interval between treatments 10-15 days.
Rust- Another fungal disease. The most dangerous for remontant carnation grown in protected ground. On the affected leaves, stems, buds, orange spots appear with chlorotic areas of adjacent tissues. The disease progresses with increased soil moisture, nitrogen overdose and potassium deficiency. At the first sign of rust, plants should be sprayed with fungicides.
ring spot, or mosaic. This disease is mainly affected by Turkish cloves. On the calyx of the flower and on the leaves it appears as yellow-green elongated rings. The edges of the leaves become wavy and brown, curved. It is recommended to observe agricultural technology and destroy sucking pests - carriers of viral diseases.
Phialophorosis of carnation- a fungal disease that affects the vascular system of the clove. Infection occurs through damaged roots. The plant withers, turns yellow, starting from the bottom, and dries up. Individual leaves are reddish in color. Damaged brown vessels are visible on the cut of the stem. Sick plants are burned, and cloves are not planted in their place for several years.
The carnation is translated from Latin as "the flower of God". Historically, for the ancient Romans and Greeks, the carnation symbolized victory in bloody battles, and in America it became a symbol of motherly love and a gift for Mother's Day. After all, according to Christian legend, where the tears of the Virgin Mary fell during the execution of Jesus Christ, amazing flowers sprouted - carnations.
Turkish cloves were named for the similarity of their aroma with oriental spice - clove buds. There are two types: undersized (up to 20 cm) and tall (about 80 cm). The petals amaze with a richness of colors - from soft pink to carmine red with many inclusions and dashes. The flowers are collected in large inflorescences 10–12 cm in size. They are simple (up to 5 petals) and terry in the form of huge hats. Unlike, this type of flower is very well known to all summer residents and residents of private houses.
Turkish carnation is a perennial crop, but most gardeners prefer to grow it for two years. In the first year, a bush grows from leaves, in the second year flower stalks appear. Carnation fruits are small boxes with small black seeds.
Turkish carnation - growing from seeds
Growing from seeds is the most popular way to propagate this type of carnation. It is necessary to start sowing work in May, after the end of frosts. This flower prefers loamy and sandy fertile soil with low acidity. Before planting, the soil can be enriched potash fertilizers without chlorine.
Two weeks before planting the seeds, the soil must be dug up to a depth of about 25 cm, loosened and covered with a film. At the time of planting, even grooves are made at a distance of at least 15 cm and watered with non-cold water. Seeds are best planted shallow, leaving an interval of up to 2 cm between them.
After planting, the ground is lightly pressed with a hand or a board and covered with non-woven material or glass. It is possible to observe the emergence of seedlings in 8-10 days. The covering material is removed, and after 20 days the plants are picked. It is best to carry it out in the evening or on cloudy days, protecting young crops from sunburn. In August, flowers are planted in their places of permanent residence.
Care rules - how to please a Turkish beauty?
Turkish flower loves light and warmth, but grows well in partial shade. It will look most spectacular among boulders and stones, so it is a frequent guest in rockeries. Water both young flowers and two-year-olds should be 1-2 times a week. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged, to avoid root rot. Watering is carried out at the roots so that the sun's rays do not damage the leaves and flowers of the plant.
For the winter, the soil should be mulched with peat or pine bark humus. For proper development and bright colors, the presence of nitrogen and its compounds is dangerous. Then it is advisable to cover the carnation planting sites with spruce branches.
In the spring, when the snow melts, it is important to protect young shoots from the sun. It is better to cover the bed with sunscreen until the shoots are 10-12 cm in height.
It was then that the first fertilizing of plants with nitrogen was carried out. When buds appear on the flowers, the soil is fertilized a second time with potassium sulfate and superphosphates. Turkish carnation flowers bloom in June-July and delight our eyes long time. Some remontant varieties may re-bloom in autumn.
