Solitaires in landscape design. Tapeworm plantings of flower plants What factors can enhance the singularity of the tapeworm
The spectacle always presupposes a plot. A professionally planned garden or park is set up like a theater set. Only the actors of this theater are motionless and bear a threatening name - tapeworms.
Soviet encyclopedic Dictionary(heavy "brick" of 1988 edition) explains that the solitaire is called not only what you think. Solitaire is both solitaire and a large diamond framed by small ones, and, most importantly, a large single plant that serves as the main element of the entire garden composition.
In a conversation about this composition, theatrical terms constantly slip through: parterre, backstage, and so on. And this can be understood - since the garden is divided into a significant space, it (and the space, and, accordingly, the garden) cannot be covered with one glance. So, you need to prepare the viewer for a walk with a change of impressions. And the change of impressions is already history.
Advice
The condition of the plant intended for solitary planting must be impeccable, otherwise the composition will be damaged at the first stage. Large trees as tapeworms are planted, as a rule, in fairly large areas. In small areas, as tapeworms are used ornamental shrubs, different unusual shape or long and abundant flowering.
Telling a story, as everyone knows, takes time. If this story is told on the go, it turns out that time and space merge together. Storytellers knew this long before Einstein. This tradition is still alive, as evidenced by the maps of Middle-earth, Moomin-dol, Narnia and other fictional countries.
The Japanese rock garden is arranged in such a way that one of the stones remains hidden from the observer all the time. This is not a story, but a philosophical treatise that a person is not able to comprehend the true structure of the world. European gardens and parks, although they did not carry such an elevated semantic load, told their stories. A regular park is rationalism and hierarchy, a kind of “vertical of power”. The landscape park, on the contrary, is all irregularity and unpredictability. About what we see in real life.
Alleys form a regular park. It is all built around voids. The landscape park is formed by individual objects, trees or groups of trees, building a system of landmarks, significant points in space. Such composition dominants are called tapeworms.
If we resort to the language of dry definitions, then it should be said that tapeworms (single plantings) are called separately standing trees, which form the basis of spatial composition. In this capacity, large specimens with a beautiful, well-formed crown are usually used - or with an unusually shaped crown.
Advice
Oak and linden are good as specimens in large areas, while mountain ash and maple are more suitable for small gardens for single plantings. Excellent combinations of mountain ash with maple or linden.
When planning solitary plantings, you need to remember the proportional ratios of open space and the plant that should appear there. We may not be aware of the proportions of the spaces around us, but we always subconsciously react to them with changes in mood. Most general rule is this: standing on the edge of an open lawn, a person should see the whole plant, without lifting his head and not looking for him with his eyes against the background of other trees and shrubs. To do this, the height of the tapeworm in adulthood and the width of the open space should be related as 1:3. This ratio is easy to maintain when laying a large park. On the gardens and household plots open spaces are much smaller.
In these cases, a low tree or stunted tree can serve as a good tapeworm. garden form, beautiful bush, standard vaccination imitating a small tree. Tapeworms look best on well-groomed, trimmed lawns with a smooth grass surface. Great importance it also has a distant plan formed by trees or shrubs framing this lawn.
As a leader, the tapeworm should not merge with the background, but contrast with it, therefore, for single plantings, plants of a different species or variety are used than those that grow in the general background. If the plant is deciduous, then you should think about how it will look in winter period devoid of leaves. Intricately curved or openwork intertwined branches, lightly sprinkled with snow, will decorate the garden in winter. On the contrary, bare black branches are unlikely to dominate and look beautiful against the backdrop of a snow-white meadow.
Advice
It is very important that the plants chosen for a single planting be absolutely stable in the conditions in which they will grow for many years, that is, such trees or shrubs must not only be beautiful, but also frost-resistant, and also resistant to pests and diseases.
Under conditions of solitary planting, the tree does not stretch upwards, but forms a uniform and regular spreading crown, located relatively low above the ground. With such a planting, the trees develop an even, strong trunk with a low trunk, and in some cases (for example, in linden, Tatar maple, spruce), the branches depart from the trunk almost at ground level. In other species (sugar maple, some types of hawthorn, decorative forms apple trees, willows), the lower branches are still at a certain height, but they bend and reach the ground, forming a beautiful tent.
Solitaires acquire a particularly important role if the task is to create not just a landscape park, but an ecological garden, a kind of miniature reserve.
In its appearance and character, it must correspond environment becoming its organic component. The main task here is to reproduce and maintain as much as possible natural environment with careful planning of the site for practical needs. In this case, of course, it is necessary to proceed from reasonable expediency.
The basic principle of the device ecological garden becomes the organization of the natural landscape. Where possible, the existing topography, soil and healthy wild plants. It should be noted that the soil - its structure and fertile layer - most often needs to be corrected, since private gardens, even those located in forest areas, in the overwhelming majority of cases are laid out on depleted soils.
Advice
You should not rush to level the surface: it is better to turn a pit or depression into a reservoir where water will be collected, ground water in waterlogged areas and rain water in dry areas, and take an open sunny place under a grassy lawn. Vegetation cover should be formed according to the natural standard from tiers: tree, shrub, grass and ground cover.
The basis of tree and shrub groups in this case are the species of the surrounding forests. Leningrad region located in the taiga zone, coniferous-deciduous forests begin in the south, but this is only the first approximation to the truth. In fact, even in a small area, the composition of vegetation is usually heterogeneous. It varies depending on the local soil and ground and air conditions. In addition, the motley mosaic of natural vegetation may be the result of the influence of human activity. So, making the basis for the garden, it is necessary to take into account the prevailing vegetation of the area, and the microrelief of the site, and the influence of the anthropogenic factor.
The formation of a new tree and shrub component of the garden is a long-term event. It requires patience and is carried out in several stages. First of all, it is necessary to lay a structural foundation of dominant and slow-growing trees. From hardwoods, these are oak and linden, from conifers - spruce. The whole territory, where conditions allow both spruce and oak to grow, is an arena of struggle between them. Spruce is more shade-tolerant than oak, and if it overtakes it in growth and shades, then the oak dies. The same happens on excessively wet soils. The situation is different on dry and rich soils, where oak grows faster than spruce and displaces it. In order for both trees to develop without competing with each other, they should not be planted side by side.
Satellite trees in mixed coniferous-deciduous forests are maple, mountain ash, ash, wild apple and pear. They are placed second. Then, replacement rocks are planted.
For the coniferous group, birch, aspen, alder can be a temporary addition. In general, there are as many options for groups as in nature. An odd number of trees - 3, 5, 7, and so on, depending on the size of the territory, for some reason always looks better.
Siberian larch is exceptionally good as a tapeworm. Although it does not occur naturally in the Northwest, its inclusion in the ecological garden is justified by the fact that larch is the oldest component of artificial forest plantations. In addition, it is extremely advantageous from an aesthetic point of view: the soft needles of larch in the fall become at first an even light yellow, then - yellow color, after a while they turn brown and only then fall off.
Thus, for any style you choose, planting tapeworms is the main stage in the formation of the garden. It is important to remember that every piece of land, no matter how small, can be effectively beaten, turning into a true work of art. The parks of the suburbs of St. Petersburg have been telling their stories for more than a century. The one who manages to turn an ordinary garden into a garden capable of telling others more than one story (or playing more than one play) will be able to stand on a par with the creators of Pavlovsk and Tsarskoye Selo.
"Landscape solutions" No. 2 (04), 2008
When creating landscape compositions, solitary plants are often used. Such an unusual name is "assigned" to a plant that grows on a lawn all alone. When planting tapeworms, it must be remembered that for their better perception there should be enough space, and the distance from the place from which the tapeworm is visible in best angle, should be at least 2-3 plant heights. The plant should be decorative from early spring to late autumn, that is, it should have beautiful stems, leaves, flowers or fruits. It is better to choose plants with large single or with small flowers collected in dense large inflorescences. The color of flowers and leaves should be in harmony with the surrounding background, the background itself should be very good condition, the lawn should be free of weeds and neatly trimmed, shrubs, conifers should be well formed, not have dry and broken branches. The edge around the plants, it is better to mulch with peat, tree bark or wood chips, this gives solitary plantings a special clarity.
Options for using tapeworms in landscape compositions:
- tapeworm - main element, focusing attention (volumetric dominant in space);
- tapeworm - accent (located in front of homogeneous dense stands);
- tapeworm - division of space (several picturesquely arranged trees are used);
- tapeworm - enhancing the decorative effect of the main element of the composition (increasing the steepness of the rock outcrop or giving the waterfall the impression of "wildness", etc.).
For gardens in a regular style, a plant with a regular symmetrical crown shape, planted along the main axis of the layout, is more suitable. To enhance the effect, the plant can be cut, giving the crown geometric shape(ball, pyramid, column, etc.). If the style of the garden is landscaped, the shape of the tapeworm crown may be more natural, free.
Tapeworms are used to decorate the entrance or facade of the house - one or more ornamental trees, shrubs or flowering plants that stand out clearly from the general background. They give the house a special splendor. Silver spruces, catalpas, weeping willows, purple-leaved cherry plums can be used as tapeworms.
Old trees (oaks, ash trees, maples, lindens) will serve as a wonderful decoration if they are preserved near the house. When choosing breeds for tapeworms, symbolism should also be taken into account. Silver fir or pyramidal poplars at the entrance to the administrative building they give it the proper splendor and severity.
Classical specimens are English and red oaks, Siberian larch, black poplar, Siberian cedar (glade diameter not less than 100-120 m), horse chestnut, Norway maple, Norway and blue spruce, thuja, Scotch pine, Ussuri pear, weeping willow, heart-leaved lime , skumpia (glade diameter 50 m), cherry birch, Manchurian apricot, red-leaved cherry plum, decorative forms of apple trees, globular willow, Tatar maple (glade diameter 20 m).
For small gardens, conical spruce, virgin and common juniper, conical and colored forms of western thuja, small-leaved hawthorn, panicled hydrangea, almond, three-lobed terry, mock orange, Thunberg barberry, weigela hybrid, Vangutta spirea are suitable.
Very tiny gardens will be decorated with a single planted bush of a standard rose or lilac, varietal rhododendron, varietal cinquefoil shrub or dwarf form, mountain pine, western arborvitae or Canadian spruce. A single plant planted should be beautiful, attract attention, stand out.
In the old days they used this method. In parks, several trees were sometimes planted at a very close distance from one another, over the years they grew together, forming a huge “bouquet” of trunks diverging in different directions, or vice versa, several trees were planted at a small distance from each other, and then their tops were merged into one. So there were living arches, tripods.
It is more difficult to choose a tapeworm from flower crops: among them you have to look for not only beautifully flowering ones, but also those with decorative foliage. Among the owners of unusual inflorescences and outlandish-shaped leaves, many do not fit the definition of “stable decorative”.
For example, the cultural delphinium loses its decorative effect after flowering, since it is necessary to cut off the faded inflorescence from it, and often all the foliage. True, by autumn its beauty is restored again, it can even re-bloom, but the temporary loss of a presentable appearance negates these advantages, making it difficult to use the delphinium as a tapeworm. Among perennial flowers and herbs for a single planting, it is better to choose elegant perennials of architectural form.
Various types of miscanthus, buzulniki, hogweed, Spanish artichoke, aruncus (volzhanka), cornflowers, aconites, peonies, spuria and marsh irises, Japanese anemones, geleniums, delphiniums, dicentras, goldenrods, black cohosh, coreopsis, daylilies, monarda, sunflower are very popular decorative, rudbeckia, roses, yucca, ash tree, eremurus, hostas, panicled phloxes, meadowsweet, asparagus, etc.
Of the annuals, these are castor bean, amaranth, cleoma, forest tobacco. Of perennials that do not winter in open field, can choose tall varieties cultural dahlias and Indian eland. But at the same time, it must be remembered that plants from the last two groups become decorative no earlier than the end of June. The advantage of herbaceous plants used as single plantings lies in their seasonal, rather than permanent, decorative effect. Experiment and go beyond traditional plantings, with right choice you can admire the beautiful tapeworms all year round.
If you want to decorate the backyard in a special way, and the flowerbeds full of flowers are already tired, then the tapeworm plant will come to the rescue. Despite the unattractiveness of the name, in meaning it is closer to the word "solo", since vegetable tapeworms are called upon to "solo" on lawns, attracting attention only to their beauty.
tapeworm plant. Oak in Gatchina park
However, it is very difficult to choose the right lawn “soloist”. To begin with, from the point of view of botany, tapeworm plants do not exist. In none of the stores you will find packaging marked - this is a tapeworm plant. In addition, there are many nuances of landing, as well as harmonious combination various kinds shrubs and trees.
Therefore, in order to correctly choose a tapeworm that is ideal for your site, you will have to resort to the help of a professional landscape designer. Or independently understand what it is - tapeworms.
As a rule, trees or shrubs, as well as perennial herbaceous plants, are chosen for a single planting. In this case, the solitaire must have a number of distinctive qualities:
- the plant must be tall;
- keep shape well (resistance to wilting)
- succumb to the formation of the trunk and crown;
- be equally beautiful from all angles;
- have high decorative qualities that do not lose relevance at any time of the year.
Conifers
Tapeworm plants in a Japanese garden
Among the plant "soloists" in the first place it is worth highlighting the representatives of the coniferous group. Their external data does not depend on seasonality; coniferous plants are not whimsical in care and take root perfectly in almost any conditions. Therefore, representatives of evergreens are always popular.
Spruces can be called the most traditional species in this group. These magnificent beauties give a touch of nobility and tranquility to almost any site.
Larches - rarely found in personal plots due to high altitude, but if you choose the right variety and shape the crown, they will become an original addition to any garden or patio.
Juniper, fir - will delight gardeners not only with beauty, but also useful properties fruits.
It is impossible not to say about the thuja, which has long been a favorite of landscape designers, on a par with boxwood, allowing you to create dizzying geometric shapes.
Boxwood figures
deciduous trees
Birch is a real Russian beauty, giving the plots a calm and cozy look.
If you want your lawn to remind you of the warm days spent on the azure coast, decorate it with bamboo.
If you have large areas take a closer look at beech, this tree has always been valued for its nobility, creating a calm atmosphere.
Willow - the value of this plant, especially weeping species, is revealed over time.
In addition, the lush crowns of chestnuts and lindens look charming.
Beautiful flowering shrubs
Erica flower
Euonymus - valued for unusual inflorescences and a peculiar color of foliage.
Barberry - during flowering, it is simply not possible not to notice this bush, however, in a single planting, it is demanding on care and formation.
Erica - during flowering, this shrub is completely covered with densely packed inflorescences.
Bobovnik has beautiful yellow inflorescences, but one of the minuses is too big sizes, given that the landing of this handsome man requires large areas.
But buddleia can be used even on miniature lawns, where lush clusters of a small bush will help create an unusual landscape.
Hydrangea is another amazing plant that can make a garden fabulously beautiful.
Irga, cotoneaster, snowberry and almond - each of these plants has high decorative qualities not only during flowering, but also during fruiting. You can supplement the list with mountain ash, lilac, decorative apple tree, Japanese plum and others.
Budleya David "Pink Delight" 
Snowberry white (cystic) 
Rosa Shrub Belvedere
herbaceous plants
Ptilotus is one of the most sought after perennials suitable for small group landings. Marsh iris, Rogersia, and some varieties of delphinium also look great in single plantings. Hosta will look great in shaded places.
Classics of the genre - or wild rose.
In general, among the plants you can find quite a lot of species that will look good in a solo planting. And the choice of them depends only on what result you want to get.
Video "Choose a tapeworm plant"
Tapeworm plant - choosing a landing site
It is not enough just to choose a tapeworm, in order for the plant to reveal its beauty and decorate the site, it needs to be found right place for landing. And despite the simplicity of the task, solo landing is in no way inferior in complexity to intricate compositions.
After all, if you place the plant incorrectly, it will simply be lost in the landscape or the composition will look tasteless. Yes, composition. Because even one plant must be skillfully combined not only with shrubs and trees growing nearby, but also with exterior details - a fence, entrance doors, stairs, fountains, pools and more.
Euonymus winged
Only in a complex, a well-thought-out landscape will allow you to create truly fabulous images. And for this you need to be guided by some rules for planting tapeworms:
- The main task of tapeworms is to make the empty space more harmonious and at the same time not to oversaturate it with decorative elements. That's why the best place for landing will be empty lawns or lawns. It is desirable that their area is not less than 2m2.
- Tapeworms can be advantageously set accents by placing them on the turns of the garden paths, on the terraces or at the entrances.
- In order for the plant to look profitable and not get lost, it is important to create a good background for it. Lawns (for herbaceous plants and low-growing shrubs) or well-decorated ornamental shrubs are ideal additions.
- In order for the tapeworm to be better perceived by the eye, it must be separated free space from other landings and vantage points. The best distance is equal to the height of the plant, multiplied by two (or three).
- Plants with small flowers and leaves are best planted closer to the viewpoint, while species with larger flowers or large decorative foliage can be planted at the back of the garden.
- Try not to place tapeworms next to colorful flower beds or other ornamental plants with brightly colored foliage or showy flowers. Too catchy background will distract attention from the main composition.
To get a harmonious landscape, when planting tapeworms, it is better to stick to the golden mean in everything. In this case, the saying “you can’t spoil porridge with butter” works exactly the opposite. One extra element or an overly lush plant that does not correspond to the place allotted for it can spoil the whole impression, and even cause problems. By the way, as for the problematic aspects of planting tapeworms, there are also some nuances here.
herbaceous tapeworms 
Spruce 
Barberry 
hosta
Single landing features
How to plant a tapeworm so that it brings joy and does not bring problems to the owner of the site? This question, perhaps, can be called one of the most important. Since tapeworms are usually perennials or large trees, so you need to plan their stay in the garden or near the house very carefully:
- Choosing to land moisture-loving plants, do not replace them near the foundations of houses or other structures. Abundant watering can destroy the cement. It is best to stir such flowers near water bodies.
- The same applies to tall trees. As you grow root system can damage the foundation of the house or bend the paths, so it is better to move their planting deep into the garden.
- Do not plant coniferous representatives close to the windows. Their main advantage - the evergreen crown can become the main disadvantage, shading the rooms both in summer and in winter. The placement of deciduous varieties will be much more efficient. In summer they will bring coolness, and in winter they will let in more light.
- When planting a tree as a tapeworm, imagine how it will look in the winter. Perhaps you should give preference to dwarf or decorative varieties, in which you can form not only a crown, but also give bizarre bends to the trunk.
- When choosing a plant, consider its lighting preferences. Some decorative types unable to withstand constant direct hits. sun rays and others will not reach their potential in the shadows.
- Make sure the plant you choose is capable of growing without garters and will survive the winter outdoors.
- When choosing profusely flowering and deciduous forms, keep in mind that sooner or later, all beauty will fly around and shower the space around it.
- If you are planning to create an unusual gazebo, look at the willow or trees with a spreading crown.
- When planting tapeworms along fences and fences, calculate the degree of growth. Over time, plants increase not only in height, but also in width.
hydrangea oak-leaved
Another feature of creating a landscape with the help of tapeworms is the result that is remote in time. If grassy species will please the gardener in the first year, then rose bushes will be revealed in all its glory only in the second or third year. And it will take even longer to wait for the result from the trees.
Therefore, so that the site is not empty and does not have a boring look, for the first time it is possible to supplement the planting with smaller details: symmetrical, small or meadow herbs.
In a word - the creation of "solo" plantings is not an easy task, requiring the gardener special attention and fantasies. But as a result, you will get a one-of-a-kind, noble decor that does not require annual investments. So the end justifies the means.
Solitary plantings are single plantings of plants of high decorative value. Their task is to become accents in garden compositions. The role of tapeworms can be trees, shrubs and flowering plants. Consider which flowers are best used as tapeworms.
First of all, it is necessary to select plants that retain their decorative qualities for a long time (bright and large buds, foliage of an interesting shape, etc.), and also fully comply with climatic conditions resistant to diseases and adverse environmental conditions.
An ideal background for solitary plantings is a well-groomed lawn. You can learn more about lawns from articles and.
As tapeworms planted as perennials flowering plants(miscanthus, peonies, irises, delphiniums, daylilies, roses, yucca, ornamental sunflower, hostas, etc.), and annuals (under conditions middle lane Russia - amaranth, forest tobacco, castor oil, etc.)
Daylilies have different colors of flowers (yellow, red, purple, purple, blue, lilac) and leaves, bloom for a long time. You can pick up unpretentious, shade-loving, fragrant varieties. Daylilies can decorate the facade of the house, ponds, space next to small architectural forms.
For solitary plantings, you can plant from 1 to 3 geranium bushes 50-80 cm high with decorative foliage and lush flowering. Plants look good in the background ground cover plants, rubble, pebbles. Among the varieties we recommend small-stamen geranium, Georgian and flat-petal, blood-red.
Lilies are well suited for single plantings due to their height from 50 cm to 2 m. lung conditions shading. Varieties Aelita, Olga, Ryabinka, Nochka, Cherry and others are unpretentious, they winter in open ground without shelter.
Roses are one of the most attractive plants. It is better to use tall park ones - for spacious gardens; floribunda, hybrid tea - for small areas. For example, Pink Parfait, a floribunda variety with pink or cream flowers, with light pruning, is suitable as a tapeworm. To decorate lawns, you can also recommend varieties Rozarium Uetersen, Leverkusen, Ramira, Harlekin will decorate lawns. Light varieties of roses look good on a dark green background of trees. Look most advantageous standard roses: half standard, low standard and weeping.
Among irises, it is better to prefer Siberian ones, in particular, the High Standard variety. Garden decoration will become and tall bearded irises However, their cultivation requires special skill.
Solitary peonies are beautiful in any landscape due to the variety of colors and shapes. The flowering period of terry peonies is longer, so it is better to prefer them. fragrant plants with a diameter of flowers up to 18 cm are able to compete even with roses. According to the shape of the flower, terry peonies are divided into hemispherical, crown-shaped and pink-shaped.
architectural plants
Architectural plants is a term not related to botany. British landscape designers have suggested using this term to refer to strong plants with an interesting habit, little susceptible to seasonal changes. Due to their resistance, these plants, planted as tapeworms, can play the role of small architectural forms in the space of the garden.
In the North-West region, architectural plants include umbrella plants (hogweed, angelica, fennel), hairweed, grasses (feather grass, cortaderia), mallow, butterbur, etc.
Mallow (mallow) is ideal as a tapeworm. The stems of the hybrid mallow reach a height of 2 m, the flowers are large, terry, different colors: pink, red white. Blooms from early summer until autumn. Before the appearance of the first flowers, the plant goes through a period of development, which lasts about 4 months.
Cortaderia is one of the most beautiful perennial grasses. Plants 2.5-3 m high have curving long leaves and straight thin peduncles. Cortaderia inflorescences will delight you all autumn and winter.
Hemispherical hosta bush will undoubtedly decorate the lawn correct form, garden path. These plants are famous for their beautifully colored foliage. Depending on the variety, it can be dark green, golden, blue, variegated (with a border or veins). Popular varieties: Patriot, Sun Power, June, Whirlwind, Inniswood and others.
The villi are distinguished by the original structure of the inflorescence: many small and nondescript tubular flowers seem to “run up” in a spiral from bottom to top. Flowering plants occur "wave-like". Vulture sowing in adulthood is a plant 2 m high with a strong branched stem. The plant has an unusual appearance: large capitate lilac inflorescences are surrounded by long needle-shaped bracts.
eryngium - perennial herbaceous plant up to 1 m high with stems branched at the top and small blue flowers. It has hard leaves, beautiful in shape. Flowering occurs in the second year and lasts all summer.
All these large and tall plants are beautiful in themselves, so they are often used as tapeworms.
