When to plant garlic before winter: timing and scheme, varieties for winter planting. We plant winter garlic in the fall - terms, rules and recommendations
Garlic is indispensable for many dishes, marinades, canning that have long been familiar to us, it is also used for the treatment and prevention of seasonal colds. There are also many recipes traditional medicine to increase immunity, improve heart function, cleanse and rejuvenate the body. It is not bad for all these purposes to have garlic grown in your own garden, and not purchased garlic.
Important! The predecessors of garlic are cucumbers, legumes, early potatoes, lettuce, cauliflower and white cabbage, pumpkin, eggplant, green manure. Do not plant garlic after tomatoes and onions.
Garlic Growing Basics: What Your Crop Needs to Grow
When garlic is planted in autumn, they always count on getting a good harvest.– higher than in spring planting, expect larger garlic bulbs, with large even cloves, with a more pronounced taste and smell.
Garlic loves open, slightly elevated, dry areas with good drainage and light. It grows best on chernozem or loamy soils with low (pH 6.5 and below) acidity.
The site for planting garlic must be dug up in advance and sufficiently fertilized. As the experience of gardeners shows, it is impossible to plant garlic in the winter correctly if the soil is not prepared in advance. The soil is prepared 1.5-2 months before sowing. Both organic and organic fertilizers are used as fertilizers. mineral supplements. So, for 1 sq. m take 1 bucket of liquid mullein, humus, manure or 25-30 g of superphosphate, then dig to a depth of 30 cm and cover the area with covering agromaterial or film.
Important! It is impossible to use saltpeter as a fertilizer in the fall. It is used only for spring top dressing.
Immediately before planting, the bed is well leveled, breaking all the lumps, and slowed down. They lay, observing a distance between rows of at least 20 cm, grooves-grooves 8-10 cm deep, moisten them, and stick garlic cloves into the ground with an interval of 7-10 cm from each other. They fall asleep with earth, lightly tamping, and mulch with straw, sawdust, peat, a mixture of sand and ash. Further, the planted garlic will safely overwinter under a layer of fallen snow and start growing in the spring.
Did you know? garlic withstands sub-zero temperatures at 20-25 ° C and in a snowy winter does not need shelter. But if the winter is not snowy and frosts alternate with thaws, then it is worth covering the bed with spruce branches, agrospan.
Benefits of planting winter garlic in the fall
Planting garlic in the fall is preferable to spring, as the harvest is more plentiful and the heads of garlic are larger. Also, planting winter garlic in the fall gives a uniform distribution of garlic cloves in the head along the circumference - this is typical for all winter varieties of garlic. In spring (spring) varieties, the teeth are small and arranged randomly. In addition, if we sow garlic before winter, we save time in the spring, thereby being able to plant other crops.
Choosing the Best Time to Plant Winter Garlic
There is no definite answer to the question of what date to plant garlic. There is no specific date and until what date garlic is planted – here, first of all, you need to focus on whether it is early autumn this year or late. This is what affects the choice of time when to plant garlic before winter.
Important! Too early planting of garlic leads to premature sprouts and poor yields, and late– to poor rooting and death of crops.
Also always take into account the region and / or country of residence. For example, when it's time to plant winter garlic in Russian Yekaterinburg, this does not coincide with the time when you need to plant garlic for the winter in Ukraine (almost throughout the entire territory) - due to the difference in climate. But the average zone of Russia in terms of climate is similar to Ukraine, respectively, and the dates on which approximately the date garlic is planted before winter will be almost the same.
Let's decide when you can start planting garlic for the winter. Depending on the weather, the dates vary from early October to early November. There is a main rule: soil temperature should be no higher than +12 ° C, therefore, you need to wait for it to drop to this mark, after which you can already plant garlic before winter.
Did you know?Special sowing lunar calendars are issued for each year, according to which you can check the landing date of any garden culture including garlic.
Features of the choice of planting material: the best varieties and external signs for selection
When winter garlic is planted, they pay attention to the variety - it must be winter hardy. Select the most suitable cloves of garlic.
Garlic (lat. Allium sativum) is perennial herbaceous plant, a species of the genus Onion of the family Amaryllis subfamily Onion. This vegetable crop has been popular with many peoples of the world for six thousand years - garlic is in demand both in cooking and in medicine. Edible are not only the bulbs of garlic, but also the leaves, arrows and flower stalks of young plants. The plant is native to middle Asia, and it was introduced into the culture in the mountainous regions of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. Scientists suggested that garlic originated from the long-pointed onion, which is common in the mountain gorges of Turkmenistan and the Tien Shan, and further research confirmed this conjecture - garlic is indeed genetically indistinguishable from this type of onion, therefore, with a high degree of certainty, we can say that garlic - kind of onion. It is grown in both spring and winter ways. In this article, we will tell you how to properly plant winter varieties of garlic.
When to plant garlic before winter
Dates of planting garlic in the fall of 2018
When to plant winter garlic? Winter garlic is grown from autumn. The previous crop must be removed from the site where you plan to sow winter garlic, no later than before the end of July. Planting garlic in the ground is carried out 35-45 days before frost. Before the onset of winter and freezing of the soil, garlic has time to develop a root system 10-12 cm long, but the green shoots will no longer appear. The optimal time for planting garlic is from September 20 to mid-October. However, if you decide to grow garlic from bulbs, and not from cloves, then you can sow them in April.
According to the lunar calendar, the most auspicious days for planting garlic in 2018 - September 4, 5, 12-15, and 11, 12 and 13 October. Who did not have time on these dates, there are still 8, 11 and 16 November.
When Not to Plant Garlic
Too early planted garlic will sprout, which should not be allowed categorically, and garlic planted too late will not have time to take root and freeze, therefore it is so important to observe the planting dates of winter varieties verified by many years of experience.
In the photo: Winter garlic dug in spring
After which crop to plant garlic
Before you determine the site for winter garlic, you need to know after which you can plant garlic, that is, which crops can precede garlic, and after which it will not grow. Garlic will grow best after annual vegetables with a short growing season - cucumbers, peppers, eggplants, pumpkins, zucchini, cereals or berry bushes. It is not recommended to plant garlic in the area where root crops grew - their crop is harvested late, and the soil depleted by root crops is unlikely to have time to recover. Can you plant garlic after garlic? Absolutely not. Just like after the bow. The principle of fruit change suggests that you will be able to grow garlic in the place where it grew in the current year no earlier than in three to four years.
Garlic before planting - preparation
Unlike spring garlic, which reproduces only with cloves, winter garlic reproduces with both cloves and bulbs. In order to grow a full-fledged bulb from a bulb, it will take two years, and from a clove you can get a large onion the next year after planting. Before planting garlic in the fall, the seed is sorted out, discarding damaged, small and diseased teeth, as well as those in which the shell is broken, then high-quality teeth are disinfected for 2 hours in ash liquor - a solution of 400 g of ash in two liters of water, boiled in for half an hour and then chilled. Instead of ash lye, for disinfecting teeth, you can use a two-minute treatment of the seed in a saline solution (3 tablespoons per 5 liters of water), followed by disinfection for a minute in a solution blue vitriol(1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water).
soil for garlic
Where to plant garlic? Garlic is photophilous, so grow it under the sun in sandy, non-acidic soil manured for the previous crop - fresh manure in the soil for garlic leads to the fact that it is more often affected by diseases and pests. If there is a need to fertilize the soil after the previous crop, do it no later than one and a half to two weeks before planting garlic: dig the soil onto a shovel bayonet, adding 5-6 kg of humus per m², as well as 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt, then pour the area with a solution of copper sulfate (1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water). Before planting, cover the bed with foil.
Pictured: Heads of garlic
How to plant garlic before winter
On the site prepared for planting, furrows are made with a depth of 15-20 cm at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other, coarse-grained sand is poured into the bottom of the grooves with a layer of 1.5-3 cm in order to prevent contact of the teeth with the soil and protect them from decay . The distance between large teeth should be 12-15 cm, and between those that are smaller - 8-10 cm. After planting the teeth in the soil, the site must be mulched with a two-centimeter layer of dry peat or sawdust mixed with the ground. If the winter is snowless, you will have to cover the crops with roofing material or polyethylene, but as soon as the snow starts, remove the film so that the snow falls on the site.
If you use bulbils as seed material, they are sown to a depth of no more than 3 cm at a distance of 2 cm from each other with a distance between the grooves of 10 cm. which need to be dug up, dried and planted again in the ground, so that next year they give a full-fledged bulb.
In the photo: Winter garlic grows
Caring for garlic after planting in the fall
Planting and caring for garlic in the open field will not cause you any trouble. Winter garlic is a culture with increased cold resistance, and if only it has time to build up a root system by winter, it will endure the winter perfectly, especially if you mulch the area and cover it with roofing material. In the spring, the shelter is removed from the site and 2 cm of mulch is removed to make it easier for seedlings to break through the earth's thickness. At the end of June, the garlic begins to shoot arrows, which must be broken out before they reach a height of 10 cm, otherwise the bulb will end up too small. As soon as the first greens appear, apply to the soil nitrogen fertilizers- urea, mullein or a solution of bird droppings. The next top dressing - a solution of 200 g of ash in a bucket of water - apply in June or July. Garlic is best fed with organic fertilizers. Watering garlic in the phase of active growth should be plentiful, in the phase of ripening of the bulbs they switch to moderate watering, and if it is rainy, then there is no need for additional moisture, since excess moisture in the second half of the growing season provokes diseases and damping of the bulbs. After watering or rain, the ground on the site is loosened, and the weeds are removed. If you have mulched the area after the shoots have hatched, you will have to fight weeds, loosen the soil and water the garlic much less often.
In the photo: Harvested winter garlic crop
You need to harvest garlic in sunny weather, when they turn yellow en masse. lower leaves- this usually happens in late July or early August, two weeks earlier than spring garlic ripens. The dug out bulbs of winter garlic are dried in the sun for 4-5 days, cleaned of soil, cut off the roots and shorten the stem to 10-20 cm. Do not let the garlic overripe - its heads disintegrate from this.
Features of planting winter garlic
Planting garlic before winter in the suburbs
Actually, there is no big difference between growing winter garlic in Ukraine and in the Moscow region - it all depends on when and how winter begins. If the winter starts with a snowfall, then you don’t even have to cover the garlic with a film, but if the winter is snowless during severe frosts, the garlic will freeze without shelter. The most important thing is not to let the crops freeze in the soil, so be guided by the amount of snow: a lot of snow - do not cover the garlic, a little - cover it. In the spring, when shoots appear, all your fears will be left behind.
Planting garlic before winter in the Urals
Ural gardeners recommend not mulching winter plantings of garlic, but simply covering them from frost with roofing felt or film. Mulch the plot better in spring when shoots hatch. In addition, if garlic becomes smaller and worse over the years, the Urals recommend using bulbs rather than cloves as planting material: in the first year, the bulbs will produce medium-sized single-tooth bulbs, but in the second year they will become noticeably larger. The Urals do not recommend loosening the soil, because when loosening the top row of roots is cut off, and the plant may not receive some kind of nutrient, it will weaken and, possibly, even get sick. A site mulched in the spring makes loosening an unnecessary procedure and keeps the plant healthy.
In the photo: Garlic flowering on the site
Planting garlic before winter in Siberia
In Western Siberia, the timing of planting winter garlic is earlier - from mid-September to the first week of October. In addition, covering the area with crops with roofing felt before snow falls is mandatory. Otherwise, planting and caring for garlic is not much different from these processes in other areas.
Varieties of winter garlic
In order to succeed in growing winter garlic, it is very important to choose a variety adapted to your area. Varieties of garlic are arrowed and not forming arrows. Those varieties that give an arrow are usually more hardy and winter-hardy. We offer you the characteristics of several popular winter varieties in the culture, among which you can find the one that suits you.
- Lyubasha- a variety of Ukrainian selection with good winter hardiness and dry resistance, perfectly stored for up to 10 months without loss of quality. The height of the stem is 90-120 cm, the number of teeth is up to 7 pieces, the average weight of one clove is 15-10 g. The bulb is white with barely noticeable purple veins.
- Ukrainian white- cultivated both in spring and winter crops. The variety does not shoot, but is perfectly stored, the weight of the bulb is from 50 to 140 g, the number of cloves in the bulb is from 4 to 12 pcs.
On the picture: good harvest garlic
- Saved- also a Ukrainian variety, bred by Lviv breeders, which has a high yield and keeping quality. The number of cloves is from 7 to 9, the average bulb weight is from 60 to 100 g. Resistant to nematodes and Fusarium.
- Jubilee Gribovsky- one of the best old varieties with a very sharp taste, high yields, keeping quality and resistance to pests and diseases. The bulb weighs about 40 g and consists of 5-8 cloves.
- Anniversary 07- the variety is productive, resistant to Fusarium, well stored. The bulb is white-lilac with strokes, consists of 5-8 cloves, the taste is semi-sharp.
- Reliable- a fruitful variety with a semi-sharp taste, it is stored for almost a year in a warm room, the bulb, white with lilac touches, consists of 6-7 cloves.
Garlic is a pungent and fragrant vegetable that is used fresh and preserved. You can grow this crop both in winter and in spring. Learn how to plant garlic in the fall before winter, which variety to choose for this, how to prepare the ground and much more.
The amount of harvest that can be harvested for the next season depends on the timing chosen for the autumn planting of garlic. This is a cold-resistant crop, but, nevertheless, it needs to be planted 3-4 weeks before the onset of cold weather in your area. The timing of planting garlic in the fall should be calculated so that the teeth can grow roots, take root, but do not have time to germinate. In this form, the garlic will survive perfectly. cold winter, and in the spring it will grow together.
In the middle lane, this time starts from the 20th of September and lasts until mid-October. It is better to choose days when special heat is no longer expected, but the first autumn night frosts are expected. Each year these days may not come at the same time, so garden work for planting winter garlic should be adjusted.
In the Moscow region, it is necessary to plant a crop at about the same time as in the middle lane, in the Urals it is necessary to plant garlic earlier, in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, teeth can be placed on the beds even in November.
In general, planting garlic before winter should be associated with weather conditions- if a warm autumn is expected, then this can be done later than the standard dates, if it is cold, then vice versa. You need to be especially careful when planting this vegetable before winter in Siberia - it is better to do it earlier, before frost sets in, than to risk planting material, and then worry that it will freeze. It is necessary to plant garlic in this region, starting from the second half of September and ending with the first week of October, and then cover the plantings with covering material.
What crops can be planted after: choosing a place
One of the most important and crucial stages in the agricultural technology of this crop is the planting of garlic in the fall. It is important to choose the most suitable place for him. This culture loves light fertile (preferably sandy), air and moisture permeable soil. Its reaction should be neutral, garlic does not like acidic soil.
The place under the beds should be flat, well lit by the sun. However, it should not be located in a lowland with close-fitting plants. groundwater and one on which water stagnates - in wet ground during the winter, the roots of plants can rot, and in growing season excess moisture will provoke the growth of green mass, not bulbs. You should not choose a place for garlic plantings located near outbuildings with pets or birds so that they cannot damage them.
The best plot for winter garlic on home garden beds is located near the fence with south side. The fence will protect the landings from the cold wind, and in winters with little snow, it will keep the snow on the ground. If the site is located on open space, then in case of a little snowy winter, you need to stock up on good covering material:
- dry leaf;
- peat;
- spruce branches;
- sawdust.
It is necessary to cover the beds only before the very frosts, and not shortly after planting the teeth, so that they do not germinate under the " warm blanket". The layer of covering material should be made the larger, the colder it is in your area.
The best predecessors for garlic - all pumpkin, nightshade, legumes with a short growing season. It is necessary to remove them from the place of growth intended for garlic at least a month before planting it, so that after their collection the soil can recover. For the same reason, garlic can only be planted after potatoes if it belongs to early or mid-early varieties.
But after carrots and other autumn root vegetables, it is better not to plant garlic - since they are harvested late, the earth will not have time to renew its resources by the time of planting. You can plant a crop in the same place only after 3 years, as well as place it where its relative, the onion, grew.
Garden preparation
Preparing a bed for winter garlic should be given no less attention than choosing a place where the crop will grow. Indeed, the quality of the resulting crop depends on the structure and composition of the soil. Preparation of beds for planting garlic before winter begins 3-4 weeks before the date of the proposed planting. First, all plant debris is removed from them, then the soil is dug up, leveled and fertilized:- Over an area of \u200b\u200b1 m 2 loams are distributed over 1 tbsp. l. nitrophoska, superphosphate, 1 glass each dolomite flour. Or they bring in organic matter - 1 bucket of humus or compost, 2 tbsp. ash.
- The same is added to the sandy ones, but 1 more bucket of peat is added.
- Clays are also ennobled with peat, adding 1 bucket of this fertilizer for each m 2.
According to the rules of planting, fresh manure is not used - it leads to the fact that the garlic begins to hurt, is more affected by pests. On the finished bed, the land is treated before planting with a disinfectant solution of copper sulphate. To do this, dissolve 50 g of this substance in a bucket of water. The resulting solution is shed all over the soil, and then covered with a film.
Choosing a variety and preparing garlic for planting
Only winter varieties of garlic are suitable for planting before winter. It is quite easy to distinguish it from spring garlic - it has large uniform cloves located around the arrow in 1 row. This garlic is arrowing, it throws out an arrow on which small bulbs ripen (they can also be planted in the beds in the fall).
You need to choose a variety of garlic that suits your needs. climatic conditions. For example, varieties of Ukrainian breeding are distinguished by good winter hardiness:
- Ukrainian white - gives heads weighing 50-140 g, with the number of teeth in them - from 4 to 12 pcs. The shooter does not give, but is well kept.
- Spas - heads 60-100 g, 7-9 cloves each. The variety is high-yielding, immune to fusarium and nematode, excellently stored.
- Lyubasha - the variety tolerates cold, summer heat well. The average head weight is 70-100 g, the number of teeth is 7 pcs. The crop is stored up to 10 months without losing during storage appearance and quality.
- Violet Kharkov - heads weighing 30-60 g, with the number of teeth not more than 6 pcs.
The varieties of Russian, Soviet and Dutch selection are also not bad: Yubileiny 07 and Yubileiny Gribovsky, Nadezhny, Skif, Garpek, Komsomolets, Messidor. They are distinguished by a sharp and semi-sharp taste, resistance to major garlic diseases, excellent yield, excellent keeping quality.
Garlic is prepared for planting before winter, sorting it out and discarding diseased, poor-quality, too small and superficially injured teeth. Healthy teeth for disinfection are soaked for 2 hours in solutions:
- ash (0.4 kg of ash per 2 l hot water, defend 30 min.);
- potassium permanganate (dark pink);
- saline (3 tablespoons per 5 liters of warm water);
- copper sulfate (1 tsp per bucket of water);
- the drug "Fitosporin-M".
After drying, they are ready for planting.
Technology for planting garlic before winter
Long grooves with a depth of 15-20 cm are made on the beds reserved for cultivation and prepared - it is at this depth that garlic should be planted for the winter. The distance between the garlic rows is left at 25-30 cm. A small layer of sand is poured at the bottom of the grooves - this will reduce the risk of roots rotting in the soil in winter.
At what distance you need to plant teeth, depends on their size. Between large ones, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 8-10 cm, between those that are smaller - 5-7 cm is enough. If garlic is planted before winter with bulbs, a different scheme is used: 2 cm are left in the rows between them, 10 cm in the aisles. Bury a small garlic 3 cm into the ground. In the summer, they will grow round, single-toothed onions that can be used for planting winter garlic in the fall.
have planting material always vertically, bottoms down, and not just put in the ground. After embedding cloves or bulbs in the ground, they are covered with earth and sprinkled on top with a small layer of peat or sawdust (not thicker than 2 cm). Freshly planted garlic does not need to be watered.
Care after landing
In the spring, as soon as it gets warm, cover material or mulch is removed from the beds so that the seedlings make their way up faster. The first time garlic is watered as soon as the earth dries out and while it grows green mass, they do not spare the water. When the heads begin to ripen, watering is reduced, and if it is rainy, then they stop altogether. After each watering, the earth is loosened, weeding at the same time and weeds. This must be done carefully so as not to harm the emerging heads and roots. To reduce the number of watering and weeding, grown garlic can be mulched with hay, straw, sawdust of hardwood trees.
Plants must first be fed with fertilizers containing N, and then P and K. Can be used as ready-made mineral mixtures, and organic matter, to which garlic responds very well. From mineral fertilizers use saltpeter (20 g per bucket of water), from organic fertilizers- infusion of fresh manure (1 to 10). Start fertilizing as soon as the green sprouts have reached a height of approximately 10 cm. After a month, carry out another top dressing - this time water the plants with an ash solution (200 g of ash per bucket of water).
When the plants throw out the arrows, break them off without waiting for them to coarsen. This allows you to get larger heads and speed up their maturation. Leave the arrows only if you need to get bulbs to freshen up the variety.
Garlic is harvested in July. It is harvested in dry and sunny weather, after it turns yellow and tops fall. The heads of mature garlic should be fully formed, with dry scales tightly adjacent to them. Do not overexpose the garlic in the beds - overripe heads will disintegrate into teeth.
In order for the heads to be better taken out of the ground, they are carefully dug up with a shovel or pitchfork, and then they are taken by the stem and taken out of the ground. Then the crop is laid out on the beds for 4-5 days for drying, if the weather is sunny, and if it is planned to rain, then they lay it out to dry under a canopy. Then, in dry garlic, the stem is shortened to 5 cm and the roots are cut off. Store it in a dry and cool place. Leave for storage only fully ripe, dry, whole, without damage and diseases of the head. The rest of the garlic is used for food.
Among the owners of small plots planting garlic for consumption, winter garlic has gained great popularity. It has a higher yield, such vegetables grow faster. However, spring varieties are highly respected by large farms.
Winter garlic has arrows where air bulbous teeth grow. In their presence, the bulb becomes smaller in size, as the arrows take the lion's share of soil substances. Removing arrows in the garden is not difficult. But on the field, this will require large human resources. The cost of goods from this is rapidly increasing. Spring varieties of garlic do not have arrows.
When and how to plant garlic before winter in autumn 2018
So, if you are a resident of the northern regions of our country, then planting winter garlic should begin in September. At the same time, it is better if you do this on the waning Moon on the Days of the Root, that is, the Moon must pass through the fertile signs of the Zodiac - Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn.
Please note that landing during the full moon and the new moon period is not recommended.
But most of the inhabitants of Russia still plant garlic before winter in October. Moon calendar recommends the following auspicious dates: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26, 29, 30 October.
You should not work with this culture on the new moon - October 8, 9, 10 (the new moons in September and October coincided) and on the full moon - October 24.
Soil preparation
Garlic is a light-loving crop, the land favorable for it is light, loose, with a normal pH level.
Heavy, clayey, dense earth must be brought into normal condition. To do this, during digging, sand and peat are introduced into it (in a bucket per square meter).
Humus or pre-dried clay can be added to excessively loose soil. Then it is mixed with sand (in a bucket) and poured onto the landing site.
Peat soils are most often acidic, therefore, in order to reduce the acidity of the soil, lime (250 g), river sand, and clay are added per square meter (mix in a bucket). The components are introduced immediately before digging the beds for garlic.
Planting depth is also important!
Planting depth is also important for successful wintering. The cloves are recommended to be lowered to a depth of 10-12 cm (source: the book "Onion and Garlic in the Garden").
In another source, the depth of planting says this: the teeth are covered with earth to a depth of 5-6 cm (source: the book "Garden. Practical advice").
One of the Internet sources says that in the northern regions it is better to plant as deep as possible - by 10 cm, and in the southern regions - by 5 cm.
We hope the article really helped you figure out the timing of planting garlic in the fall. We will be glad if you share own experience when planting garlic before winter. Write a comment on the article - your experience is important to everyone.
Landing methods
Spring garlic is propagated by teeth. Planting material is prepared in advance. For planting, the largest outer segments are selected, which are not damaged. The current GOST also characterizes the state of the scales (dry) and the bottom (solid).
To shorten the growing season, heads stored at room temperature, in the spring they are kept in the refrigerator for at least a month. Positive result gives germination of lobules. To do this, they are placed in water for a couple of hours (you can use a weak solution of potassium permanganate or ash), and then put in plastic bag and clean up in dark place for a few days.
Sprouted teeth are planted on the beds so that there is enough space for the development of the head: the distance in the row is up to 8 cm, between the rows is 25-30 cm. The depth of embedment also matters. It is better not to close up deeply (the top of the clove should be 2 cm below the soil level), otherwise the development of the plant will slow down.
How to care
IN initial period For growth, the crop needs constant soil moisture, especially when leaves are growing and bulbs are being formed. Yellowing leaves or their drying tips indicate a lack of moisture. After watering, the earth will definitely need to be loosened to ensure oxygen access to the roots of the plant.
As the underground part grows, it is necessary to reduce watering, and in August to completely abandon them in order to create conditions for the ripening of the bulb.
Garlic - very useful product. Daily use of cloves in a small amount can have a beneficial effect on increasing the protective functions of the body. Therefore, most gardeners are happy to plant it in their beds. To learn how to choose the right winter garlic for planting, prepare a garden bed and plant it in the fall before winter, read this article.
Which garlic is better to plant: winter in autumn or spring in spring
Garlic according to its characteristics is classified into spring and winter. The differences in them are that the first is planted in spring time, and the second - in the fall before winter.
However, for example, spring garlic is more often planted because of the possibility of its longer storage, but winter garlic is by no means inferior to its competitor, having the following benefits:
- In the spring there are many different worries, and in the fall there is much more time.. The timing of planting winter garlic in the fall is not strictly fixed, so planting work can be stretched for a long period.
- Winter garlic is not afraid of either the first frost or a fierce winter., not to mention the return of spring temperature drops. While the tender leaves of spring garlic in the spring can be ruined by a sharp drop in temperature.
- Planting material in the autumn months boasts larger sizes than spring specimens. The larger the planting material, the larger in the end you will get a crop (the relationship is direct). While spring seedlings often dry out by the time of sowing.
- Winter species are immune to neither diseases nor pests., which cannot be said about spring specimens.
- Planting garlic before winter does not require special care. soil in autumn period it is saturated with a sufficient amount of moisture, allowing it to overwinter well in the cold months.
- Harvesting is done earlier than during spring planting. Which suggests that in the summer months only representatives of winter varieties are present on store shelves.
- Planting in autumn gives more yield than spring rooting.
By the way! You can see how winter garlic differs from spring garlic in the picture below.
Thus, planting garlic in the fall before winter is considered very profitable business bringing a bountiful harvest. However, in order for everything to work out, you need to know the timing of the start of planting work.
Video: which garlic is better - spring or winter
https://youtu.be/-_W7hqYAUWY
When to plant garlic in the fall - in what month: optimal timing
The timing of planting garlic in the fall directly depends on the characteristics of the climatic zone in which you live and are going to plant cloves, as well as on current weather conditions.
As a rule, winter garlic begins to be planted 2-3 weeks before frost, so that during this time it has time to take root.
In garlic for this period should only develop root system but no way non-aerial green mass.
Optimum temperature soil for planting garlic - + 10-12 degrees, but lower is allowed, but it is impossible to plant in frozen ground.
If we allocate planting periods by region, then the following dates for planting garlic in the fall are recommended:
- middle lane(Moscow region) - the end of September - the first half of October.
- Southern regions - the end of October-November.
- Northern regions (Siberia, Urals) - the second half of September, deadline- the first half of October.
Interesting! Each gardener is guided by his own observations. Some, for example, are sure that the most best garlic it turns out if he is landed before the Feast of the Intercession. Others, on the contrary, try to plant on sunny days after the holiday.
Thus, garlic should be planted in the fall and, above all, guided by the weather.
Video: when and how to plant garlic before winter
How to plant winter garlic in the fall - features and step by step instructions
To get a crop consisting of large, whole and even cloves, you must first decide on a place for planting, prepare a bed, soil for planting cloves, choose good planting material and properly prepare and process winter garlic itself for planting.
Landing place
The place where winter garlic will be planted is selected in advance. Culture is a plant that is very fond of sunlight. Therefore, it must be planted on open areas, not shaded, for example, by fruit trees.
An excellent place for planting garlic is a small mound or a bed on a hill (for example, warm bed). If it is placed in a lowland, then during the spring snowmelt, the plantings will be flooded, and the seedlings may rot because of this.
The best predecessors for planting winter garlic: crop rotation rules
Note! Naturally, if you want to get a rich harvest of winter garlic, then you need to plant it, like any vegetables, according to the rules of crop rotation. About, after what crops is it better to plant winter garlic, read .
Preparing beds and soil for planting winter garlic
The preparation of the beds where winter garlic will be planted, they begin to deal with about a month before the start of planting.
Interesting! A bed for winter garlic is made in advance so that the soil in it settles a little.
As for the location in the garden, then, as already mentioned earlier, optimally place the bed in a sunny place from north to south.
Further on the planned site you need dig the soil to a depth of about 20-30 cm (shovel bayonet), while removing all weeds and other debris, and then apply fertilizer under digging to improve soil fertility.
The soil for growing winter garlic requires loose, soft, filled nutrients. A spicy vegetable loves a soil that is perfectly permeable to air and water, and most importantly, has a neutral acidity level (pH).
You should not choose a place where the soil is clay, dense or overly acidic. Sandy substrates are suitable, but to obtain large heads requires abundant watering and frequent fertilization.
By the way! If the soil is excessively clayey, then you can make it looser by adding peat and sand.
To prepare the soil for planting garlic before winter, organic and / or mineral fertilizers should be applied to it.
If you are a supporter organic farming, then the following fertilizers should be applied for digging:
- compost or rotted manure (1 bucket per 1 sq. meter);
- wood ash (1-2 cups per 1 sq. meter).
By the way! Ash can be poured into a hole or groove right before planting.
Video: planting garlic in the fall before winter and fertilizing the moon with ash
If you allow the use of mineral fertilizers, then add:
- superphosphate (20-30 grams per 1 sq. meter);
- potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate (20-30 grams per 1 sq. meter).
By the way! As an enhanced measure, you can mix organic and mineral fertilizers.
After digging and applying the necessary fertilizers to the soil, the bed is well leveled and left until autumn planting.
Advice! Some gardeners advise additionally protecting and disinfecting the soil by spilling it with a 1% solution of copper sulphate, or. But, in principle, this can be done after landing.
How to choose the right seedlings
You need to choose the largest cloves from the most correct heads, and it is desirable that each has no more than 5-6 pieces. If you choose small cloves, then the garlic will turn out to be very small volumes.
Important! There should be no rot or mold on the cloves. It is worth carefully inspecting the surface for the presence of spots of an unnatural structure. You can not take cloves for rooting with mechanical damage.
All cloves suitable for planting must be completely "dressed" in the shell, without visible flaws.
Important! Garlic should be divided into cloves immediately before planting (before soaking).
Processing and preparing garlic for planting
Before planting garlic cloves in the fall open ground, they should be pre-prepared for landing:
- Each clove is carefully separated from the others so as not to damage the outer shell and the root growth site (bottom). Some gardeners recommend lightly cleaning the bottom (from cork raids) so that it takes root better, but this must be done very carefully so as not to accidentally remove the scales and expose the clove.
- Next, all the cloves must be carefully sorted. You should get rid of all the spoiled ones. If you plant such garlic, it will not only not give a normal head, but it can infect the entire garden.
- You can soak the cloves in the Maxim solution (according to the instructions) for 20-30 minutes.
- To be sure to pickle and disinfect the garlic, it is soaked in a solution of "Fundazol" (according to the instructions).
- A pink solution of potassium permanganate is also suitable. Again, 20-30 minutes.
- For soaking, you can also use a 1% solution of copper sulfate (10 grams per 1 liter). For all the same up to half an hour.
- Many summer residents recommend holding the cloves in the solution (according to the instructions) for 5-10 minutes.
- According to the old tradition, quite often the cloves are soaked in a saline solution (2 tablespoons per 1 liter of water), keeping for half an hour.
Advice! What is the best way to process garlic cloves is decided by each gardener on his own. For fun, you can try soaking several batches of cloves in different solutions and planted in separate rows to conduct an experiment.
Video: proper preparation(processing, soaking) winter garlic to autumn planting
Direct landing and its rules
Basic rules for planting winter garlic:
By the way! Many people like plant garlic not in grooves, in separate holes, in other words, plant in spots. Moreover, it is convenient to make such pits with special devices, or with a bottle neck (as in the title photo of the article).
Important! If the teeth are placed too high to the surface, they may be subject to freezing. If, on the contrary, it is too deep, then they will germinate for too long or completely rot.
Video: master class on planting garlic in the fall
https://youtu.be/4dWCm7PFCaY
Step-by-step instruction planting garlic in the fall before winter:
- Decide on a place to plant, while taking into account the rules of crop rotation.
- Prepare the garden and soil.
- Select high-quality planting material, process (soak) it in a disinfectant solution.
- Cut grooves or holes.
- Plant cloves in accordance with the rules.
- Cover with fertile soil.
- If desired, for additional disinfection of the soil, it can be spilled with a solution (according to the instructions).
- Mulch (if you have a cold and harsh climate in autumn).
Video: proper fit garlic in autumn before winter
Care for winter garlic after planting
If your winters are very cold, then with the onset of frost, the garden bed is mulched sawdust, or lay with pine branches or straw, you can even cover with spunbond. But in the spring, all the shelter will need to be removed during the first warm days, but the mulch can be left (some people specially grow garlic in the mulch).
Video: planting and mulching garlic in the fall
If the autumn is dry, there is little rainfall, then it is recommended to shed the beds a couple of times so that the rooting process goes faster.
Naturally, the main care falls on spring time. Some time after the snow masses come down, the first green sprouts should already be visible. Watering is not yet required, because after the snow melts, the soil is saturated with a sufficient amount of moisture.
When to harvest winter garlic and how to store it (ways)
Possible mistakes when planting garlic in the fall and when growing it
No matter how experienced the gardener is, he still often makes offensive mistakes that could not be made if you know exactly what you should pay special attention to.
Allocate the following errors, which are often performed when planting garlic in the fall before winter:
- When buying planting material, the sellers themselves names are often confused or even mixed together. Therefore, it is possible to buy in the fall not the garlic that is required. So, either use your own planting material, or carefully and carefully watch what you buy.
- Planted without shell. Garlic, like a fish, dies without scales. Many gardeners believe that the shell must be removed. They are of the opinion that the scales (or poorly removed old crust) prevent roots from germinating. However, in the absence of a shell, the clove soon begins to actively rot.
- Planting is done immediately after the bed has been dug up and prepared. Firstly, when you make mineral and organic additives for digging, they need time to saturate the soil with nutrients. Secondly, the cloves planted during this period, after the earth sags, will surely dig into the ground excessively deep, which will negatively affect their germination and further growth.
- Planted out too early. If you plant early enough - as early as August, then warm weather will provoke the active growth of green shoots. And they will die during the onset of cold weather, which will lead to a weakening of the planting material.
- Arrows are not removed in spring. Of course, the final size of the garlic depends on the bulb head, but if you leave the arrow that he released in the spring, then all the force of the head will go to the formation of bulbs. Therefore, the arrows should be broken off during the period of their formation.
Video: tricks of planting garlic before winter
Thus, it is better to plant winter garlic in the autumn period, since during the winter it undergoes a natural stratification that allows the plant to harden into natural conditions and accumulate mass. And then the main thing is to do everything (preparing the beds and soil, processing and planting the cloves themselves) on time and correctly.
Video: how to plant garlic before winter
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