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Contact and systemic fungicides for plants. Fungicides - an overview of fungicides on plants Why do we need fungicides

It is important for any owner of the site to grow strong and healthy plants and collect good harvest. And when our vegetables or trees get sick, we look for ways to help them cope with the disease.

For a long time I was a supporter of only folk remedies, I dusted with ashes, sprayed herbal infusions, watered the earth with whey and did not use any chemicals.

But tomatoes fell ill with late blight from year to year, powdery mildew spread on cucumbers, peppers did not produce crops due to black spotting, and apple and plum trees were affected by scab.

But it turned out that I was in vain to refuse modern chemical means of struggle, since today such drugs have been created that heal quickly and do not harm human health. I even had "favorites" among these drugs - drugs Skor and Oksih.

The article will describe the most commonly used drugs to combat fungal diseases and the effect of these funds on them.

Fungicides are pesticides whose action is directed against fungal diseases of agricultural crops. From Latin, this word is translated as "mushroom" and "I kill."

For the development of any fungal diseases, stimulating conditions are high humidity, heat, any, even minor injuries of the stems, cuts, sunburn.

Fungi are easily carried by wind, rain, they persist for a long time in plant debris, soil, and are carried by insects. More than 80% of diseases that affect garden crops are due to fungal diseases.

Treatment of diseased crops occurs due to the presence in them of derivatives of sulfur, copper, phenols, metal salts, mercury. Thanks to these funds, it is possible to treat and effectively prevent vegetables, trees, green crops.

In greenhouses, they disinfect the soil.

Fungicides are produced in the form of powder, granules, emulsions, suspensions. All of them dissolve easily in water, making them easy to use.

They are non-toxic to bees and humans when dosed correctly and instructions are followed.

To properly apply fungicides, you need to know what their purpose is and for what purposes each of them is intended.

Types of classifications	Groups
General classification	Chemicals containing toxic chemical compounds. Biological agents consisting of microorganisms that destroy pathogenic fungi.
Separation by chemical structure	Inorganic. The products contain metal compounds (mercury, manganese, nickel, copper, sulfur), which block the access of oxygen to spores, thus destroying them Organic contain derivatives of phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorine compounds and acid salts
Action on fungal spores	Therapeutic agents eliminate the pathogenic fungal environment Preventive - do not allow diseases to develop, forming a protective film
By implementation method	Contact agents do not get inside, but remain on the outer surface of the leaves and stems Systemic are absorbed into all parts of the plant, stop the site of infection
By purpose	Soil disinfection in greenhouses; Etching seed material; plant protection in early spring and autumn; Processing during the growing season

Types of fungicides

Oksikhom

It is used for processing vegetables, bushes and trees, as well as for indoor flowers. Contains copper chloride. Produced in the form of a powder in packages of 4 grams (the package is diluted in 2 liters of water). use 3 times during the summer every 15 days.

Bordeaux mixture

One of the most popular tools of this class, contains blue vitriol and lime. When making it yourself, it is important to observe proportions so as not to burn the leaves and stems.

Speed

Excellent fungicide, quickly acts on the fungus. More commonly used for fruit trees and vineyards. The working mixture is prepared by pouring 5 ml of Skora into 10 l clean water. Multiplicity - 4 times.

Trichodermin

Trichodermin is biological agent, which contains live spores in its composition. It destroys putrefactive foci when roots and fruits rot. Simultaneously improves the condition of the soil, practitioners call it "soil healer".

Used to combat 60 varieties of harmful fungi. It has the form of a free-flowing powder in bags of 10 grams, diluted in 5 liters of water. When transplanting indoor flowers, a pinch of the product is thrown into the transplant container.

Topaz

The action of the product begins 3 hours after use, is well absorbed by the plant, and can accumulate in the soil. First of all, they are used to combat powdery mildew.

Switch

The switch is used to protect against all variations of rot, protects the plant at all stages of the development of the disease. When using means safety of fruits and vegetables increases. The years of bees are limited to 24 hours.

Gardeners use the Switch as prophylactic when growing roses.

Fitosporin-M

Biological natural fungicide, consists of fungal spores. Available in liquid, paste or powder form. Can be used in conjunction with other plant care products.

The advantage of the product is that it can be used during the period of blooming flowers, the formation of ovaries and harvesting crops.

Horus

Horus is used to treat when rot occurs. different nature on fruits and berry bushes.

It can be used at temperatures close to zero (+3 ... +5 ºС), which makes it possible to process trees when buds open. Prevents monilial burns. Packaged in bags of 3 grams, diluted in a bucket of water.

3-4 applications per summer are enough.

Vitaros

The main purpose of this fungicide is to protect seeds and bulbs from rot. Apply before planting and storage. Produced as a suspension in ampoules of 2 ml or in bottles of 10, 50, 100 ml. Soaking time - no more than 2 hours.

Quadris

The substance is used to protect against fungal diseases in almost all agricultural crops, in addition, it lengthens the ripening period of vegetables. Applied throughout the growing season. Its advantage is that it can be used during the ripening and harvesting period.

Produced in the form of a suspension. On plants and flowers grown in room conditions, use with caution.

Fundazol

One of the most toxic substances for humans and animals, hazard class 2. It is quite effective in the destruction of the fungus, penetrates the leaves and roots, and can be used to disinfect seeds. Produced in packages of 10 grams, diluted in a bucket of water.

Many experts and gardeners consider it the only effective means. One of the best for orchids. It is not recommended for use in residential areas, since it is produced in the form of a powdery substance, it does not dissolve in water and, when used, scatters in the form of dust.

Problems with insects and fungi are not only on the garden bed. The greenhouse conditions of window sills and balconies are very fond of mold, especially when we carefully care for plants - regular watering, fertilizing the soil, indirect Sun rays. Such conditions are liked by both insects and fungi as well. Sometimes you have to seriously think about pesticides and fungicides.

In conditions home growing we have to approach the choice of potent agents very carefully - plants in the same room with us, how to calculate the minimum dosage, whether it is safe to eat processed herbs ... But for small "production volumes" of the home garden, there is a good and proven alternative to synthesized concentrates - natural pesticides and fungicides that can be prepared independently from plants and minerals familiar to us.

I tried to publish recipes with the greatest positive response, since I have little personal experience of use - alcohol has always saved me, about which there is also a couple of words below.

Milk and salt for powdery mildew

• A glass of milk
• Glass of water
• A teaspoon of salt without a slide.

The salt dehydrates the fungus, and the milk allows the salt to stick to the leaves. It is advisable to cover the soil so as not to salt it during the treatment. Treat every 2-3 days.

Rapeseed oil and soft-bodied insect soap

Mix a tablespoon of rapeseed oil with a few drops liquid soap and a liter of water. Insects really die from it. Rapeseed, like soybeans, is used as a natural effective pesticide.

natural essential oils

Citrus essential oils are excellent pest control. Especially effective: lemon, orange, bergamot, lemongrass. Conifers work worse.

Dissolve a few drops of oil and soap in 0.5 liters of water and irrigate the plants for prevention.

Himalayan pink salt

Himalayan salt is a natural inorganic pesticide. It contains 83 chemical element, some of which destroy the shells of soft-bodied pests and prevent fungal and mold spores from growing. This salt works better than rock and sea salt (so they say, but I am reserved about such statements. Still, the main working substance in this case is banal sodium, and not the homeopathic amount of molybdenum, gold and something else in the Himalayan salt). 1 tablespoon per liter of water. You can also irrigate plants for prevention, but covering the soil can salt the soil.

Hot pepper+garlic+onion

These natural pesticides in various combinations are most often found in recipes. Here is the basic recipe:

• 2 teaspoons ground chili ( hot pepper, cayenne)
• half an onion
• 3-4 garlic cloves
• 1 liter of water

Place the onion and garlic in a blender with a little water and grind to a paste. Mix the pasta with a liter of warm water and pepper, put in a warm place to infuse for a day. We filter, irrigate the infected plant with infusion every 2-3 days. The tincture should be stored in the refrigerator and will last for several weeks.

Natural laundry soap

Probably, everyone knows about the effectiveness of soap against, literally, everything. Apparently, the alkali in the soap is a good pesticide and fungicide, and the soap base helps the active substances stick to the plant.

Grate 10 grams of soap on a grater and dissolve in a liter of warm water. There are recipes with the addition of 2 tsp baking soda. But not only laundry soap appears in recipes for natural pesticides.

Liquid soap

Liquid soap variations are becoming more and more common, and I think that due to the huge amount of organic and inorganic salts, liquid soap is effective in its own way in the fight against insects and molds.

Dissolve a teaspoon of liquid soap in a liter of warm water, treat the plant with a spray bottle every 2-3 days. Soda can also be added to this solution. There are recipes for a solution of liquid soap with rapeseed oil: 1 tbsp of oil, 1 tsp of soap and a liter of water. It was with such a mixture that Benjamin's ficus was saved, which was ill with something unknown and shed its leaves. after processing the whole overgrowth.

tobacco leaves

This is actually a good pesticide, but with one significant drawback - tobacco mosaic virus, which I wrote about in the article, very often lives in tobacco. And it is not at all suitable for processing nightshade (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants ...). Infuse 0.5 cups of tobacco leaves in a liter of warm water for a day, strain and add a teaspoon of liquid soap (there are variations with milk - a glass of milk, 2 glasses of water). Spray every 2-3 days until the problem disappears.

chrysanthemum flowers

Chrysanthemum has a powerful paralyzing pesticide in its composition that copes with most garden pests. Pour 0.5 cups of dried or 1.5 cups of fresh flowers with a liter of boiling water and boil the chrysanthemum over low heat for 20 minutes. I don’t like to cook herbs, I steam them in a thermos, but the original recipe still boils. Let the broth cool and strain. Water the diseased plant.

Update 07/11/2017 Recently I watched a lecture on chemistry, in which natural plant pesticides were mentioned. The substance in the chrysanthemum is a very powerful thing, in the production of a concentrate and use in the so-called "bio-farming" it harms the health of the people who work with it.

rhubarb leaves

Rhubarb works thanks to organic acids. Pour a glass of finely chopped rhubarb with hot (not boiling water!) Water and let it brew for a day in warmth. Strain, add a spoonful of soap. Irrigate until the disease or pest is gone. Suitable for prevention.

Alcohol

I myself use alcohol when the heating is weak and damp in early spring. Just at this time, the protective properties of the plant itself are weakening, since it is time to replant and change the soil, and all sorts of scale insects and fungus on the surface of the soil are right there. I wipe the leaves of the plant with a cotton pad dipped in pharmaceutical alcohol, I do not breed. Can be irrigated with alcohol, including window sills and window frames. This is an excellent tool for literally everything except viruses. I irrigated thyme with alcohol, when I brought in a spider mite - it works.

Garlic+mint+pepper

It is a pesticide-insecticide that works great for both treatment and prevention.

• 5 garlic cloves, peeled
• 0.5 cups dried mint leaves (or a cup of fresh, the stems are also good here)
• 1 tsp hot pepper
• 1 tsp dishwashing liquid or liquid soap
• 1 liter of water.

Load everything except water and soap into a food processor and grind into a paste. Mix the pasta with water and bring to a boil, leave to cool for 12 hours. I would pour the pasta with boiling water, without cooking. Strain, add soap and water the plants.

Chamomile

Chamomile works well against fungal infections of plants and soil. Pour 1 cup of dried chamomile flowers into a thermos and pour a liter of boiling water. A thermos is a good alternative to a bain-marie, and if you have the option of steaming herbs in a thermos, it's best not to boil your herbs on gas. Let it brew overnight, strain. This infusion can be both irrigated and watered plants. If mold has appeared on the soil, we must first dry it, and then add additional moisture.

Aspirin

About acetylsalicylic, you need to write a separate article, but for now, here is a recipe: 2 aspirin tablets (those that are 300 mg each) per liter of water - irrigate and water. This is one of the best means against powdery mildew, gray mold, black leg. I myself have not yet tried and understood the mechanism of operation of acetylsalicylic acid as a pesticide and fungicide, but I am already collecting material. Reviews for aspirin are good.

Lemon juice

Cut the skin from 5 lemons, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and leave to infuse for a day. Squeeze the juice from lemons and add a glass of water, irrigate plants with fresh juice that are infested with aphids or other soft-bodied insects. Lemon juice is undesirable to get into the ground. Water the soil around infected plants with infusion of lemon peel, repeat once a month for prevention.

Why peels: lemon juice will acidify the soil, and not all plants like it. The zest also contains an active essential oil that the aphid does not tolerate. This applies, in principle, to most citrus essential oils.

Soda + oil

Good natural remedy for fungus. 1 tbsp soda mixed with 1 tbsp vegetable oil, stir in a glass of well warm water. Next, pour the mixture into 1.5 liters of water. Spray every other day until the fungus is gone. There is one drawback - soda salts the soil, so you need to use the product without fanaticism, and pay attention to the recipe with milk.

1. Before treating the plant, try the product on a separate leaf or twig to make sure there is no side effects. Sometimes you can not calculate with the concentration, sometimes one or another ingredient may not be suitable for a particular plant.
2. Apply the mixture on the inside of the leaves and on the stems, work the soil if the product will not acidify or salt the soil.
3. On processing days, keep pots out of direct sunlight.
4. Do not forget that any spray substances, even if they are at least 100 times natural, have active ingredients that, when inhaled by a person, can cause serious discomfort (especially with hot pepper in the composition and essential oils) so use protection!

The authors of most of the recipes I have collected note that ladybugs and bees do not suffer from natural pesticides, since the concentration of active substances is significantly lower. This is very important, because by unwittingly exterminating these insects, we can leave our fields without pollination and natural protection against soft-bodied pests ...

Addition 07/11/2017 Modern means protection cultivated plants are tightly controlled for toxicity, biodegradability and effects on pollinating insects.

Growing horticultural, orchard or ornamental plants- a favorite pastime of many gardeners and summer residents. However, you need to understand that it is impossible to grow a healthy culture without proper care. It is important to provide each flower with reliable protection against all kinds of diseases and dangerous pests in advance.

Biological action of fungicides

When caring for a garden, summer residents often have to use highly effective drugs– fungicides for plants, which are potent chemicals that can provide effective fight with pathogenic microorganisms that cause the development of fungal diseases, such as:

• powdery mildew;
• gray rot;
• root rot and others.

Fungicides are divided into two groups according to the method of exposure:

• contact;
• systemic.

Every gardener should know what fungicides are, how to use drugs in home gardening.

The use of fungicides for plants eliminates the possibility of penetration of active substances inside. They manage to cover only the outer part of the culture, where the generative and vegetative organs of the fungus are located, causing further progression of the infection.

All means are capable of operating within different period, which depends on the duration of stay of chemical compounds on the culture surface. A special result is noticed with regular treatment every 3-5 days with an interval of 10-12 days.

The key feature of contact fungicides is local action to green spaces. They are not used to treat signs of damage, but to destroy pathogenic fungal formations that are on the surface or in plant tissues. It is important to understand that fungicides are not able to penetrate other parts of the plant, so treatment with them is completely safe.

Action systemic drugs built on a different principle: when processed, they affect all internal systems, moving through tissues and making a number of changes in the physiological and biochemical processes that occur inside plants.

Later, they decompose into internal organs flowers, horticultural or agricultural crops, which causes the rapid formation of metabolites. In this state, the plant develops strong immunity, which contributes to the rapid cleansing of the harmful fungus.

Some gardeners are of the opinion that to use systemic fungicides unsafe, since the decomposition products formed after processing can harm the plant. To prevent possible complications, need to involve chemicals the first type - contact. However, it is important to have time to carry out all processing procedures a month before harvesting.

Types and principle of operation

When searching for fungicidal preparations in specialized stores you can find turnkey solutions in the form of a powder, suspension or emulsion with good solubility in water. Depending on the composition, there are several fungicidal preparations:

• Inorganic. Among them are drugs of 1-4 hazard classes for humans and warm-blooded creatures.
• Organic. The composition of such products contains active microorganisms that can have a depressing effect on pathogenic fungi.

For use on summer cottages it is recommended to use biological fungicides, as they are distinguished by excellent efficiency and at the same time are practically harmless, both for horticultural crops and for the human body. However, when carrying out processing activities, all safety rules must be observed.

Chemical fungicides

Many modern summer residents and gardeners are looking for the most effective drugs to combat fungal diseases. Looking for good decisions they focus on innovative chemicals that guarantee high performance at low doses.

However, it is highly discouraged to get involved in such means, and the effectiveness declared in advertising is not always a reality. In the list of really good chemical-type fungicides that have managed to prove their effectiveness after lengthy experiments and studies, it is important to highlight:

• Bordeaux liquid;
• copper sulfate;
• abiga-peak, sun;
• cineb;
• potassium permanganate;
• soda ash;

Such tools have been tested by experts and have earned the right to be called one of the most effective of their kind. However, when using chemicals on the site, you must be extremely careful and carefully study the instructions for use. Otherwise, you can harm yourself and the crops you grow.

Biologicals

The range of fungicides with highly effective action is very extensive. Moreover, in last years new solutions are entering the market that can protect plants from all kinds of diseases. Among them contact biological fungicides. They are made according to a completely different principle than the previous chemical ones. These drugs are based on active bacteria that localize pathogens of fungal diseases and have a detrimental effect on them.

Biofungicides allow you to effectively deal with the problem without causing damage green spaces, animals, fish, bees, and also people. If you want to purchase good biological products, pay attention to the following list:

• Gamair P;
• Trichodermin;
• Alirin-B;
• Albite;
• Phytosporin;
• Agate;
• Planzier and others.

It is important to understand that it is necessary to start treating plants with contact chemicals long before flowering, as well as after harvesting. As for biological solutions, they effectively work throughout the growing season. In addition, among the biofungicides there are also such preparations that can be used at the stage of fruit ripening. In any case, a novice gardener must understand that all fungicides are only preventive tools. If the active substances reach the causative agents of the problem, this causes their death. However, if the disease progresses, and the culture is severely affected, then it will not be possible to solve the trouble with such drugs.

How to work with contact fungicides

As mentioned above, the use of fungicides is a rather demanding and painstaking process. Before starting work, you need to carefully consider safety issues by preparing specialized clothing, rubber gloves, goggles and a hat. After processing, clothes should be washed thoroughly, and hands and face should be washed with soap and water.

Before you start processing garden, horticultural or agricultural crops, prepare a ready-made solution, following the correct dosage and all the recommendations that are included in the instructions. Also, do not disregard the advice of experienced professionals, guided by their personal experience and skills.

Particular effectiveness of the use of fungicides is noticed when treated in the early morning or evening, in dry, calm weather. If spraying was carried out before or after rain, good result should not wait. The active substances are simply washed off by rain and will not take effect. As a result, the defeat will progress.

When spraying, you need to select the operating mode for fine spraying. The resulting cloud of solution should extend to the lower and upper parts of the plant.

It is important to understand that it is impossible to spray the green parts of crops that will be eaten. To increase safety, it is necessary to have time to process green spaces before flowering and fruit set.

Use the container where the solution was for re-work Absolutely forbidden. Instead, it must be disposed of in designated areas for pesticides. Storage areas for fungicides should be restricted from public access while the drugs must be kept in sealed containers.

List of drugs

Most available fungicides have high toxicity. Therefore, before you purchase them and use them on your site, you need to find good reasons. It is also necessary to carefully read the instructions for use and make sure that you can carry out the processing activities yourself. Let's highlight the list of the most popular and effective fungicides for plants.

Oksikhom

This preparation from the contact-systemic group contains copper oxychloride and oxadixyl. Most often it is used for preventive purposes and suppression of various diseases of garden and indoor crops. Fights great late blight, macrosporiosis, black bacterial spot and other dangers. The absence of toxicity increases the safety of using the product.

To start processing, you must first prepare a highly effective solution. To begin with, 1/3 of the water should be poured into the tank of the device, and then start the mixing mechanism and pour in a little of the drug. In the future, it remains to pour the rest and mix the solution well. The finished mixture is used for abundant spraying of a culture that has succumbed to the fungus. In the process, it is important to use exclusively pure water.

As far as dosage is concerned, optimal performance keep at around 1 packet of Oxychoma per two liters of liquid. Sometimes it is necessary to carry out up to three procedures with an interval of 10-14 days. Only freshly prepared solution is used for processing.

Among significant benefits facilities:

• highly effective systemic contact action;
• the ability to maintain the effect for a long time;
• minimal toxicity, if the treatment is carried out at the correct dosage;
• economical consumption for preventive purposes.

Trichodermin

This biological fungicide is high efficiency in the fight against fungal pathogens and bacterial diseases. The composition of the biofungicide contains spores of the soil fungus Trichoderma lignorum and crushed grain substrate.

The drug is able to eliminate more than 60 varieties of pathogenic organisms that cause all kinds of diseases, including:

• root rot;
• seminal infections;
• fusarium and other troubles.

The action of active substances causes improvement of soil fertility indicators, rapid saturation of the root system with additional nutrients, as well as an increase in the germination of planting material.

To prepare a suspension where the seeds will be soaked, it is enough to take 10 grams of the drug and dilute it in one liter of water. If the product is used by watering plants, then the optimal dosage will be the same as in the previous case. When watering, it is important to deliver the suspension directly under the root, using medium portions of water.

Ready solution for spraying is created as follows: 10 grams of the product is supplied to 5 liters of water.

Trichodermin renders excellent preventive action during transplantation work. In this case, the consumption rate is determined as follows: on a 25-cm (in diameter) pot, such an amount of the drug is used that is placed on the tip of a knife.

By the way, not only adult plants, but also young cuttings can be treated with this tool by placing it in water, where they are kept before planting. In this case, the consumption is 5 grams per 5 liters.

In order to effectively fight all kinds of diseases, it is necessary to prepare such a suspension: dilute 5 grams of the substance with 5 liters of water. Then the damaged culture must be removed from the pot and cleaned of the soil composition.

The affected root elements will have to be removed, and the main rhizome should be thoroughly washed with a suspension. After that, it is better to transplant the plant into another pot, where a fresh substrate was previously placed.

The problem of protecting garden, ornamental and agricultural crops is of interest to many gardeners and summer residents. To effectively deal with all sorts of diseases, highly effective chemicals are often used, including fungicides. With their help, you can quickly and efficiently get rid of the problem and prevent its further progression.

However, in order for the drug to be very effective, but at the same time safe, when choosing suitable solution preference should be given to those agents that have the least toxicity. When choosing the best drug, consider the recommendations of professionals, and also read all the instructions and recommendations that come with it. Such simple actions will help prevent unwanted consequences from improper processing.

Growing and caring for horticultural crops consists in performing a number of mandatory operations, each of which is aimed at the qualitative growth and development of plants. These are regular watering, weeding, weed control, winter preparation activities and, of course, pest and disease control.

Not only a person wants to enjoy delicious, ripened fruits. In the chain "crop-consumer" there is often another unplanned link, which also does not disdain the green part of plants and the root system. These are diseases and pests.

How to save the harvest

The damage they cause to a plant can sometimes lead to the death of the latter, not to mention premature wilting and crop loss. You have to fight with different methods: harmless folk and cardinal chemical ones. The latter include drugs of different effects:

• insecticides - against pests indoor plants;
• acaricides - against herbivorous mites;
• bactericides - against bacterial diseases;
• nematicides - to combat nematodes;
• fungicides - against fungi and fungal diseases.

Fungicides (from Latin fungus - “mushroom” and caedo - “I kill”) are divided into organic and inorganic. The first includes a certain group of microorganisms, which, remaining in the soil for a short time, performs its intended functions, after which it decomposes.

Bioorganic fungicides are preparations that do not contain heavy metals, are characterized by low toxicity, which is why they are used increased attention gardeners to them. They can be combined with pesticides, which is an advantage over the inorganic group, which is far from compatible with all compounds of this action. Inorganic (chemical) compounds include nickel, sulfur, iron, potassium, mercury, copper and manganese.

purpose

Fungicides, depending on the direction of action on the pathogen, can be conditionally divided into:

• Therapeutic. Release the infected plant from the present fungal infection.
• Preventive. Used for preventive purposes, to prevent infection with the disease.

Considering the differentiation of fungicidal substances in composition and direction, it is worth considering the purpose of their use. These are drugs intended for:

• Seed treatment. Processing is done before sowing. A solution prepared on the basis of dry powder and water, combined in a certain proportion, is used.
• Processing of plants during the growing season and dormancy. Produced by sprayers several times during the season. Most often it is early spring and late autumn.
• Soil tillage. This action is aimed at the destruction of pathogenic fungi living in the earth. Fungicides in powder form are applied to the soil during digging or in liquid state- when watering;
• Spraying the premises in which the crop is stored. It is carried out in the same way as described above.

The modern chemical industry, for the convenience of gardeners and gardeners, produces universal variants of fungicides, that is, the same preparation can perform several functions, for example: dressing seeds, treating soil and plants.

Systemic and contact preparations

According to the nature of the distribution of active substances within the tissues of the plant, the following groups of fungicides are distinguished:

• These are contact (in other words, local). They provide protection only to those parts of the plant to which they are applied. After spraying, they remain on the surface and ensure the death of pathogens upon contact. The effectiveness of such compositions depends on a number of factors, including the amount of working solution, weather conditions, duration of action, chemical resistance;
• Systemic (otherwise, intraplant). Destroy pathogens by spreading through the vascular system of plants. They protect the new growth that appeared after processing. Efficiency depends on the rate of penetration into the tissue. Unfavorable weather conditions practically do not affect the action of the fungicide. This indicates that the drug is actively absorbed by the plant.

Work rules

An important factor in carrying out protective measures in the garden is the observance of safety regulations. Treatment of plants can turn into a human disease if the latter, not fully aware of the danger of interaction with poisons, neglects the ongoing event. Some important rules work with fungicides, following which guarantees the safety of both the gardener himself and the people around him:

1. Keep chemicals required only in hermetically sealed containers.
2. Before using the composition, you should carefully read the instructions, namely, information on the consumption rate, degree of toxicity, properties, frequency of use, allowable time last treatment before harvest.
3. It is required to check the serviceability of the sprayer.
4. Dilute the composition should be in protective clothing, shoes and gloves. To protect the eyes from the ingress of toxic substances, you need to wear goggles, to protect the respiratory organs, use a respirator, in case of its absence, a cotton-gauze bandage.
5. Do not subsequently use containers from under the chemical solution for other purposes.
6. Processing of plants is recommended to be carried out in dry, calm weather in the early morning or evening. IN summer period it is required to choose cloudy days, since in hot conditions the water present in the solution evaporates quickly, saturating the space with drugs that are unsafe for others in strong concentrations.
7. At the end of the fungicide treatment, remove clothing, clean the nose, rinse the mouth well, wash thoroughly and, if possible, take a shower.

Important: while working with chemical composition you can not eat, drink, smoke. This is hazardous to health, as is the presence of children, pregnant women and sick people nearby the treated area.

Biofungicides

Among a large number of the organic fungicides for plants on the market, gardeners have identified the following.

• Alirin B. Effective against root rot, septoria, late blight, rhizoctoniosis, Alternaria, trachomycosis wilt, powdery mildew, gray rot, scab, rust. The suppression of fungal infection can be carried out on plants and in the soil. The drug is available in the form of dry powder and tablets. Active substance: soil microflora - Bacillus subtilis VIZR-10, titer 109 CFU/g.
• "Gliocladin". Release form: suspension concentrate and tablets. The active substance is a complex of metabolites and fungi Trichoderma harzianum VIZR-18. It is aimed at suppressing pathogens of fungal diseases in the soil. It is used for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
• "Fitosporin M". Available in powder, liquid and paste form. Active substance - spores and living cells of Bacillus subtilis26 D - bacterial culture, 100 mln cells/g. It is intended for protection of garden, garden, greenhouse and house plants. Effective in the fight against fusarium, blister smut, scab, blackleg, Alternaria, powdery mildew.
• "Agat 25K". The protective effect is due to Pseudomonas aureofaciens - inactivated bacteria, as well as biological elements of plant and microbial origin. The fungicide is used to protect plants from fungal infections and increase yields, promote the development of the root system and increase the germination of seed material. Release form - bottles of 10 g. External condition - fluid paste. In 3 liters of water, you need to dilute 1 scoop of the product. Carry out 3-4 sprayings and an interval of 20 days.
• "Baktofit". It is a fungicide of biological origin, used to protect plants from fungal diseases, especially effective in the fight against powdery mildew. Spraying should be done in cool weather, preferably a day before rainfall. Repeat after 4-5 days. It is recommended for preplant processing of cuttings and seed material, as well as tubers in the process of their storage.
• "Mikosan". The drug enhances the production of lectins in plant tissues - substances that prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria. That is, the action of the fungicide is aimed at stimulating the culture to independently fight against a potential enemy. Recommended for use in initial stage infection, when several suspicious spots are found on the leaves. With a strong degree of damage, a more effective drug is required. Consumption rate: for 2 liters of water - 100 ml of Mikosan.

This list of fungicides, of course, can be continued, but attention should be paid to the compositions most in demand among gardeners.

"Paracelsus"

The fungicide for plants "Paracelsus" is characterized by contact-systemic action. This effective drug for the treatment and prevention of fruit and berry plants, grapes, sugar beets and cereals. Produced in polyethylene 5-liter canisters in the form of a concentrated suspension or in 4-ml foil bags. The active substance is flutriafol at a 25% concentration. The action of "Paracelsus" is to disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall of the fungus and prevent its growth. The drug is in demand among gardeners who have appreciated its merits, namely:

• effective control of a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi,
• complete penetration into plant tissues within half an hour after treatment;
• protection against re-infection for 1.5 months;
• triple action effect - systemic, contact, fumigation;
• resistance to natural precipitation;
• safety for humans, which is confirmed by many reviews.

The instructions for use of the Paracelsus fungicide indicate the crops in relation to which it can be used this remedy in order to rid them of the fungus, the amount of dosage, the duration of protection, methods and number of treatments. "Paracelsus" helps to rid plants of root rot, rust, powdery mildew, mildew, oidium and others. According to gardeners, this effective drug helps protect plants from fungus and preserve the crop. Such fungicides as "Topaz" and "Skor" have a similar spectrum of action.

"Topaz"

Means of systemic action are in demand among gardeners, as they treat the plant from the inside. Topaz fungicide is effective against rust, gray rot and powdery mildew.

The instructions for use indicate that the active substances begin to act 2-3 hours after the treatment. Three of them should be carried out, with an interval of 1-2 weeks. Dosage:

• against powdery mildew - 2 ml of the drug per bucket of water;
• against rust fungi - 4 ml per 10 liters of water.

According to the instructions for use, the Topaz fungicide perfectly exhibits its properties as a preventive agent when treating plants at the beginning of the growing season. The active substances suppress the primary infection and prevent the spread of the disease.

"Moon"

Luna fungicide is characterized by preventive, curative and eradicating action against fungal infection. The combined preparation is used for the treatment of vegetable and fruit crops. Effective against:

• scab,
• oidium,
• gray rot,
• alternariosis,
• powdery mildew.

Fungicide "Moon" is produced in the form of a concentrated suspension, the active ingredients of which are: pyrimethanil - 375 g / l and fluoripam - 125 g / l.

The drug is active at different periods of crop development, which allows it to be used both at an early stage of plant development and before laying the crop for storage (2-3 weeks). Recommended dosage:

• 0.6-0.8 l/ha - against powdery mildew and early blight;
• 1.0-1.2 l/ha - against gray rot;
• 0.8-1.0 l/ha - against moniliosis and scab.

"Moon" is effective even at low dosages, it is characterized by the absence of phytotoxicity in relation to crops. Promotes increase in productivity and increase in keeping quality of production. Release form - 5-liter containers. Shelf life 3 years. The price of a fungicide based on 1 liter is 5000-6000 rubles.

"Horus"

The drug is used for protective purposes, protects grapes, fruit pome and stone fruits from scab, Alternaria, leaf curl, powdery mildew. According to gardeners, the Chorus fungicide is active in cool and wet weather. The last treatment is carried out no later than two weeks before the harvest of stone fruits, one month before the removal of fruits of pome crops.

Fungicide "Horus" is characterized by systemic action, is used in preventive and medicinal purposes, equally effective in spring and summer. The first spray can be carried out immediately after the end of frost at a temperature above 3 ° C. The active substance is cyprodinil. The price for 1 gram of the drug is approximately 21 rubles.

"Strobe"

The highly effective fungicide "Strobi" is characterized by a wide spectrum of action. Instructions for use suggests using it for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for fruit, vegetable, ornamental crops and grapes.

Effective in the fight against powdery mildew, scab, rust, basal cancer. The instructions for use of the Strobi fungicide indicate the active substance - kresoxim. The prepared solution should be used up within 2 hours. The composition quickly decomposes in the soil, does not penetrate into its deep layers, so you should not be afraid of polluting water bodies and soil. The price of a fungicide for 200 grams is 2500 rubles.

Thanos

The active substances of the Thanos fungicide, the use of which is effective against potatoes, are cymoxanil (250 g/kg) and famoxadone (250 g/kg). These elements complement and mutually reinforce each other. Available in the form of water-dispersible granules. The drug is used for treatment (prophylactic and therapeutic) against late blight, Alternaria. Applied about 4 times during the season, resistant to washout. Spray interval:

• in rainy weather - 7-8 days,
• under normal conditions - 10-12 days.

"Thanos" can also process grapes, sunflowers and vegetables. The cost of 400 grams is 2500 rubles.

"Ridomil"

The drug of contact-systemic effects exhibits an effect due to the content of active components. This:

• mancozeba - 640 g/kg. Provides external protection of the plant, characterized by good adhesion to leaves and stems.
• mefenoxam - 40 g/kg. It acts in plant tissues, penetrating them within half an hour. Wash resistant. Protective properties are valid for 2 weeks. The culture is protected even in wet weather. When it enters the soil, it quickly disintegrates.

According to the information in the instructions, the fungicide "Ridomil" is used to process grapes, tomatoes, onions, cucumbers. According to gardeners, the drug can be sprayed potato tops and tubers. The number of treatments - 2-3, with an interval of 14 days. The working solution should be used within 2 hours after preparation. After the surface has dried, Ridomil remains on it.

Do not use this fungicide against plants whose green mass is used in cooking. In the process of processing a particular crop, it should be controlled so that the drug does not get on neighboring plants. It is necessary to store "Ridomil" in a dark, dry room. The cost of 1 kg of the drug is 2500 rubles.

A Brief Overview of Fungal Diseases

Gray rot. Causes death of fruits and leaf blades. With a strong defeat, the plant completely rots or fades. You can determine the presence of this fungus by the following signs:

• gray "dust" on leaves, stems, buds, flowers, fruits, resembling a fluffy coating;
• loss of the natural color of the plant, general wilting;
• the presence of light gray mold on the affected tissues.

late blight. The provocateur of infection is the fungus Phytophthora, which spreads with the help of zoospores. The disease affects the ground and underground parts of the plant. Optimal conditions for its distribution: rainy weather and moderate (+ 20-25 ° C) air temperature. It affects tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplants, some indoor crops. Most often occurs in July-August. Characteristic features: gray-brown spots, surrounded by a white coating of mold, or a coating that looks like a cobweb.

Alternariosis. Dry spot caused by fungi of the genus Alternaria. Affects mostly tomatoes. The first signs of the disease may appear immediately after planting seedlings in open ground. Greenhouse plants are also at risk, although to a lesser extent than outdoor crops. Alternariosis completely affects the aerial part of the plant. Signs of a fungal infection are:

• rounded dry spots on leaf plates. Well-defined, scattered over all surfaces,
• premature yellowing and death of leaves,
• dry gray-brown spots on the stem of the plant.

Favorable conditions for the development of the disease: dry hot weather with little precipitation, night dews.

These are one of the most common and dangerous fungal diseases that cause the death of the plant and, accordingly, the loss of the expected yield.

Therefore, in order to avoid such unfavorable forecasts, it is recommended to carry out preventive treatment fungicides - drugs, the choice of which on modern market quite varied.

In the world, there is a huge variety of categories of medicinal preparations for plants, each of which has its own characteristics, principle of action and purpose. Considering given fact, today we will take a closer look at one of these categories, representing fungicides for plants, and talk about all their features, purposes and indications that will be relevant for all gardeners and gardeners.

Fungicides belong to the category of chemical (rarely biological) drugs, the main purpose of which lies in the prevention and treatment of various fungal invasions in the vast majority of plants that exist on our planet.

In addition, the therapeutic effect of fungicides also has a beneficial effect on the treatment and prevention of several other diseases, which is a kind of pleasant side effect.

How do they act?

Fungicides for plants are divided into two categories, each of which has its own principle of action.

So, contact fungicides are not absorbed and do not spread inside the plant, but only envelop it. thin film, which both protects and also adversely affects existing fungal invasions, quickly causing their death.

Systemic fungicides are absorbed and absorbed by plants, and also effectively cope with both external and internal fungal diseases, but are not susceptible to weather conditions(fungicide cannot wash away rain).

Regardless of which group fungicides belong to, they all have a similar detrimental effect on the fungus, which is expressed in the following points:

1. Disrupt the process of fungal respiration.
2. Neutralize the ability of the nucleus of fungal cells to divide, which is important in more for systemic fungicides.
3. Stimulate the formation in the plants themselves of substances that adversely affect fungi. The resulting substances are harmless to humans and plants.
4. When applied externally, they can destroy the outer parts of the plant affected by the fungus, simultaneously causing necrosis in them. This measure is necessary to prevent the possible spread of fungal spores into healthy plant tissues after the drug is discontinued.
5. Removes and breaks down pathogenic toxins in the body of the plant, which can provoke the development of both fungal and other diseases, as well as weaken the immune system.
6. They prevent the production of ergosterol in fungal cells, the suppression of which also leads to the death of fungal invasions.
7. Suppresses the formation of nucleic acids in the cells of the fungus, which makes their development impossible.
8. It inhibits energy metabolism in fungal cells, which finally reduces their vital activity to nothing!

Also, there are biological fungicides, the effect on the fungus of which is in the following points:

As mentioned above, fungicides are of chemical and biological origin, and are divided into:

1. Contact drugs.
2. Systemic drugs.

In turn, in each group of fungicides there are preparations aimed at treatment, prevention, or treatment and prevention at the same time, which should be taken into account when choosing each individual agent.

When buying a fungicide, remember that the drugs are great at fighting any fungal invasion, but to increase their effectiveness, purchase fungicides that target exactly one of the above fungi, depending on which one appeared on your plants.

In general, today there are more than 14 chemical classes of fungicides, the list of which is presented below:

• fungal fungicides;
• childrenocarbamates;
• imidazoles;
• carabamates;
• morpholines;
• pyrimidines;
• triazoles;
• organophosphate pesticides, etc.

Instructions for use

Often, fungicides are used in three main ways, such as:

1. Etching.
2. Spraying and dusting.
3. Incorporation into the soil.

Dressing consists in treating seeds or tubers with a fungicide for dressing before planting in order to protect the seeds from fungal infection and prevent their death.

Spraying and dusting consists in treating plants mainly with contact fungicides, which are sprayed onto healthy or damaged plants using a spray bottle. As a rule, several such pollinations are carried out per season, starting in spring and ending in autumn.

Application to the soil allows you to rid it of fungal spores and pathogenic microorganisms. For tillage, systemic fungicides are used so that, in addition to disinfecting the soil, they can be absorbed by the root system of the plant.

Fungicides for the treatment of indoor plants are also very popular in populace, the most effective and safe of which we have presented below:

1. Fundazol. The fungicide has a systemic effect, and is both a therapeutic and prophylactic antifungal agent that can be treated with most houseplants. Fundazol solution is prepared at the rate of 1 gram of the drug per 1 liter of water. Fundazol can both be watered and sprayed on plants, but when sprayed, it can leave light spots on the leaves that are not dangerous, but spoil the appearance;
2. Agat-25K. A preventative fungicide that can be used as a light fertilizer. The fungicide is a biological type preparation, and its solution is used at the rate of 1 scoop of the preparation per 3 liters of water. The plant should be sprayed with a solution of about 3-4 times, at intervals of 20 days. The preparation is also suitable for dressing seeds;
3. Vectra. The drug is effective against powdery mildew, septoria and gray rot. The drug is diluted at the rate of 0.3 ml of the active substance per 1 liter of water. After completion of the treatment, the drug retains its effect for about 2 weeks;
4. Oksikh. A fungicide that has both contact and systemic action and is great for both garden and houseplants. The drug shows the most pronounced qualities in the fight against diseases such as late blight, macrosporia, black bacterial spot, septoria, powdery and downy mildew. Oxychoma solution is diluted at the rate of 4 grams of the substance per 2 liters of water. The diseased plant is sprayed about 3 times, at intervals of 14 days.

Fungicides for plants growing in conditions open ground, especially as agricultural crops, can be successfully treated with the above preparations, as well as some other fungicides listed below:

1. Sulfur is colloidal. The drug has proven itself in the fight against powdery mildew, anthracnose, ascochitosis and even mites. A solution of this sulfur is made at the rate of 10 liters of water per 100 grams of the drug. Plants are treated in 5 approaches, at intervals of 2 weeks;
2. Speed One of the best drugs to date, which is different long period actions. Skor is a systemic fungicide that protects plants from almost all fungal infestations. A quick solution is made at the rate of 30 milliliters of the drug per 1 liter of water;
3. Strobe. Excellent remedy for powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust and all other fungi. Suitable for both vegetables, cereals and fruit trees, and for wild plants our latitudes. The strobe solution is made at the rate of 0.4 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water.

List of drugs on our market and their names

There is a huge amount of fungicides on our market, which is constantly updated with new samples. The most popular and well-established drugs are presented in the following list:

1. Previcur Energy. An effective systemic fungicide that fights a number of diseases: late blight. transferorosis, root rot, black leg. The drug is used for a large number of vegetables: cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, and also protects flowers, ornamental shrubs and seedlings of fruit and berry trees. The tool stimulates plant growth and strengthens the root system.

   Previkur is the only product in Russia after which vegetables can be eaten after 24 hours.
   Easy to use: according to the instructions, the right amount of the drug is diluted with water and poured into the soil, under the root of the plant.

Consento, CS. Produced in the form of a suspension, refers to systemic fungicides. Prevents late blight on tomatoes and potatoes, peronosporosis on cucumbers and onions, mildew on grapes, root and root rot when growing seedlings.
The drug begins to act from the first day after treatment, has a preventive and therapeutic effect, has high heat resistance.

Easy application: pour 5 liters of water, measure out 20 ml of the drug, pour into water and mix.

Pour the solution into the sprayer, build up pressure and evenly spray on the plant until the leaves are completely wet.

Abiga peak. Available as an aqueous suspension, it is suitable for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections of all vegetable, flower and fruit crops. The drug can be used at any time, and its dosage, as well as the scheme of application, should be studied in the attached instructions;

2. Acrobat MC. Available in the form of water-dispersible granules, it is suitable for antifungal treatment of potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and grapes. Spraying is carried out exclusively in growing season, and the last treatment is done no earlier than 30 days before harvesting, so that the fruits have time to piss off this toxic drug;
3. Alirin B. It is a biological fungicide, and is available in powder or tablet form. The drug is focused on the treatment of the root system of plants from rot, as well as the destruction of fungal spores in the soil itself. Moreover, the drug removes toxicity from the soil after it has been treated with other pesticides, by restoring microflora in it, and splitting toxic elements into safe chemical compounds. Suitable for all garden and home crops. Processing can be carried out in any season when it becomes necessary to destroy the fungi in the soil, or to save the root system from death;
4. Bordeaux mixture. It is produced in powder form and is intended for fungal protection of all vegetable, citrus, fruit, fruit, grain, melon and ornamental crops. The mixture is toxic and should only be used with protective clothing. The treatment is carried out during the period of active growth of the plant, and the fruits are plucked a month after the last treatment. The drug is compatible with most other fungicides and pesticides;
5. Gamair. Available in the form of powder or tablets, and belongs to the category of biological fungicides. Suitable for the treatment of fungal invasions, as well as the fight against necrosis of the core of the stem, soft rot, bacterial cancer tomato. Compatible with most types of both garden and indoor plants. It is used during the growing season, and for its manufacture it requires the addition of liquid soap to the Hamair solution, at the rate of 1 milliliter per 10 liters of working fluid;
6. Glyocradin. Supplied in the form of tablets or suspension concentrate. Biological fungicide for the suppression of fungi in the soil, and the destruction of their spores. Suitable for all kinds of fruit, vegetable and indoor crops. The drug should not be combined with other fungicides of chemical origin. Processing is carried out at any time of the year when it is necessary to suppress fungal spores in the soil;
7. Quadris. It is a powder, and is a contact fungicide with a wide spectrum of action, which is suitable for fruit, vegetable, fruit and berry crops. Processing is carried out during the growing season. Processing is prohibited during the flowering of plants, as well as if the temperature environment exceeds 30 degrees. The drug begins to act after 2 hours, and continues to act for 7-12 days, until the next treatment;
8. Oksikh. Supplied as a soluble powder, it is a systemic contact fungicide targeted at protecting tomatoes, cucumbers and potatoes. Use during the period of plant growth, however, it is forbidden to use during the flowering period;
9. Thanos. Supplied in the form of granules. The drug is focused on the protection of potatoes. Thanos is used up to 4 times per season. The drug is applied to the soil at intervals of 10-15 days;
10. Fundazol. Supplied in powder form, it is a common systemic fungicide that has earned respect among the masses. Apply foundationol throughout the growing season, conducting 3-5 treatments per season. The last treatment should be carried out 7, 10 or 20 days before harvest, depending on the crop;
11. Hom. Supplied as a powder packaged in sachets. It is a systemic contact fungicide that has proven itself in the fight against apple and pear scab, late blight and curliness. The drug is used during the growing season, with the exception of the flowering period. Treatment with the drug is prohibited at ambient temperatures above 30 degrees.
12. Horus. It is supplied in the form of granules, and is aimed at protecting fruit pome crops. It performs best in cool weather, not exceeding 15 degrees Celsius. Use throughout the season, starting in early spring. Stop using 15 days before harvest with seeds, and 30 days before harvest with stones.

Precautionary measures

When working with fungicides, always wear protective clothing in the form of gloves, goggles, an apron and a respirator, and strictly follow the instructions on the package. Keep fungicides away from children and pets.

Prohibit the use of fruits treated with fungicide before it dissolves in them. Fungicide preparations are toxic, do not allow them to enter drinking water sources.

Conclusion

Today we learned the names of the main groups of fungicides presented on the markets of the CIS countries, which will be useful to all summer residents and plant lovers. Remember, when buying a fungicide, be sure to read the instructions, otherwise you risk ruining your plant with an inept selection of dosages.