Mandarin flower care at home. Indoor tangerine at home: care, reproduction, varieties
Spectacular potted culture - indoor tangerine - fell in love with many flower growers not only for their bright fragrant fruits that ripen on New Year's Eve, but also for white flowers exuding surprisingly tender, incredibly tender flowers during flowering. pleasant aroma. Some cultivars of mandarin are able to bloom all year round. Look at the photo how beautiful the tree looks in the interior of the room. Mandarin is easy to grow and care for, it can be planted and propagated without difficulty even at home. See for yourself.
Biological characteristics and common varieties
Mandarin (Citrus reticulate) is classified as extensive. Culture is a tree or shrub, reaching 5 m in nature. Of all citrus tangerine- This is the most winter-hardy and productive plant. It is able to withstand a short-term drop in temperature to -12-15 degrees. Tangerine trees begin to bear fruit in the second year of planting. Its flowers are slightly smaller than lemon ones, but have a more piercing, strong aroma. IN room conditions plants are usually grown dwarf varieties not exceeding 40-50 cm.
tangerine tree can bloom and bear fruit at the same time
Among the common varieties, the following can be noted:
- Tangerine Georgian seedless(Unshiu) - the most common in room culture due to large fruits having a thin peel and juicy sweet pulp. It practically does not form seeds.
- Mandarin Georgian angustifolia- the plant produces smaller fruits. The rind is slightly thicker than that of the Unshiu fruit. The pulp is sweet, fine-grained and very juicy.
- Mandarin Kovano-Wase- high-yielding, early ripe variety. Gives a lot of fruit even in a home culture. Able to bear fruit in the first year of planting.
Planting indoor tangerine
Cultivation of tangerine trees began in Ancient China, where orange-yellow fruits were available only to the rich - tangerines. Where, perhaps, the name of the culture came from. Nowadays, dwarf tangerine plants, already with bright fruits already on the branches, can be easily purchased at many flower shops.
Young tangerine trees for indoor growing
After purchase, the plant is recommended to be transplanted into a fresh, suitable citrus substrate with an acidity of pH 5.5-7.0. The soil can also be made independently by mixing sheet leaves in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 0.5, sod land, manure humus and river sand. Take a transplant pot only 2-3 cm larger than the previous one - this will stimulate the tangerine to grow.
Features of growing and caring for mandarin
Indoor tangerine trees are very photophilous. They are recommended to be placed no further than 1 m from the window of the east or south side.
Attention! Citrus fruits (and mandarin is no exception) easily get used to the light on the one hand, so sharp turns and rearrangements from one window sill to another are contraindicated for a tangerine tree. This causes metabolic disturbance nutrients in the leaves, which leads to abundant leaf fall, and in some cases even to the death of the entire plant.
For development and optimal growth, mandarin will need a temperature of + 16-20 degrees in spring- summer period and +12-15 - in winter. In summer and during flowering, carefully monitor the temperature indicators near the plant, as overheating threatens to wither the flowers and fruits.
Mandarin responds very well to spraying
Pay special attention to the leaf mass: carry out regular spraying and cleaning of leaf plates. The flowering and yield of mandarin directly depend on the condition and number of leaves. Watch the soil moisture in the pot: it should not dry out completely. Water only with warm, purified or settled water.
Important! All citrus fruits are excellent air purifiers, as they saturate it big amount phytoncides.
top dressing
Fertilizing an adult fruit-bearing tangerine tree begins in the summer and continues until the end of September. give preference organic fertilizers- infused and diluted in a ratio of 1:10 cow dung. In the spring, before flowering, mandarin can be fed 2-3 times with a complex fertilizer for citrus fruits.
reproduction
room tangerine can be propagated in two ways:
- rooting of the apical cutting;
Cuttings are carried out at the beginning of summer. For rooting, root-stimulating agents are used, since the cuttings do not give roots well.
Reproduction of a tangerine tree by grafting on a rootstock
Vaccination is more effective and successful. Own-rooted cuttings of lemon or seedlings of any citrus fruits are used as a stock.
Common diseases and pests
Most often, the plant is exposed to late blight, gray rot and scab. For prevention, regular spraying with systemic fungicides is recommended.
From pests to tangerine trees great harm inflict a shield, aphids, spider mite and thrips. To combat them, special natural or chemical insecticides are used.
How to grow tangerine at home: video
Growing mandarin: photo
Many amateur flower growers sometimes had the thought of planting a seed from a tangerine. But will the tree not only grow, but also bear fragrant fruits? For this to happen, it is necessary to proper care at home behind a tangerine tree.
In nature, there are many varieties and species of this plant. They differ in the height of the crown and its shape, the number of fruits, their color, taste and aroma. For home cultivation, a tree is suitable, which will have a small amount of medium-sized fruits, as well as small sizes.
Some types of tangerine tree:
- tangerine - has a lot of advantages among other varieties and is great for growing in an apartment;
- tangerine wavy - pleases with a neat crown, the fruits have a diameter of no more than 7 cm;
- small-fruited group - the main representatives are shiva-mikan (has a sour taste), as well as mukaku-kishiu and kishiu (sweet varieties);
- hybrids.
Due to the variety of varieties, any grower will find that kind for himself. homemade tangerine, which will suit him the taste of the fruit and their appearance. But it is necessary to pay attention to the growing conditions of this plant. For example, the unshiu variety takes root most well in an apartment, since it tolerates low temperatures and lack of sunlight.
Tangerine tree: the nuances of growing
It will be possible to get fruits from a homemade tangerine only a few years after planting. And it is worth considering that in most cases, daughter plants from a germinated seed do not retain the taste properties of the mother bush. At home, small and sour fruits are almost always obtained, which will perfectly decorate the interior, but are not suitable for eating. To transfer the qualities of a parent to a new tree, you will need to propagate the mandarin using cuttings or grafting.
The plant requires suitable conditions for its growth, so you need to allocate a sufficient amount of free time to care for it.
How to grow from seed at home?
Bones of almost any kind are suitable for growing tangerines. However, it is important to study in advance the characteristics of a particular variety. It is also necessary to pay attention to the soil and the shape of the pot for planting. In order for the plant to sprout and grow stronger, you need to properly plant the existing bones.
Selection of planting material
To plant a tangerine tree from a seed, you will first need to germinate it. To do this, it is recommended to wrap planting material in several layers of gauze and thoroughly moisten it with water. After a couple of days, small sprouts will begin to hatch from the seeds, and they themselves will significantly increase in size and swell. Then they can be planted in prepared soil.
Also, fresh bones that have not yet had time to dry are suitable for planting. They do not need to be soaked in advance, and the likelihood of seedlings increases significantly.
Soil and pot requirements
The tangerine tree will not grow in acidic soil, so the grower should definitely keep an eye on this.
To prepare the substrate yourself, you will need:
- 2/5 humus;
- 2/5 forest land;
- 1/5 sand.
You can also purchase ready-made soil from a grow shop. The soil should have a non-acidic environment (neutral PH) and be suitable for planting tangerines. Peat as a soil coma is not suitable.
How to plant?
As the first container, you can use ordinary plastic cups or small transparent pots with a diameter of not more than 10 cm. It is better to prepare a separate container for each bone.
First you need to make a small hole in the soil to a depth of 4 cm, carefully place the stone there and cover it with earth. The substrate throughout the germination should be moist, respectively, it will need to be moistened as needed. The air temperature in the room should reach 20-25 degrees.
On average, germination of mandarin takes from 2 to 4 weeks. If several sprouts appear from one bone at once, the weakest ones must be carefully removed.
Transplanting mandarin seedlings
The first transplantation of young seedlings is carried out when root system completely fills the container. This explains the recommendation to plant seeds in a plastic cup or other transparent container - this way it will be easier for the grower to observe the growth of the roots of the plant.
A young tree will need to be pulled out of the first pot along with an earthen clod and transferred to a suitable container bigger size. It will be necessary to perform a transplant every year until the tangerine begins to bear the first fruits.
Will a tree grown from a seed bear fruit?
If you take proper care of this plant, it will bear fruit without fail. True, this will happen no earlier than in 3-4 years. It should also be remembered that from the bone in most cases grow ornamental plants with rather sour fruits.
Tangerine tree: care
From the correct care of a plant of the genus citrus, it completely depends appearance, as well as the taste properties of the resulting fruits. You will need to comply with all growing conditions, properly water the green pet and fertilize the soil in time.
Growing conditions
The most suitable place for a mandarin will be a windowsill on a south or east window. Here the plant will feel comfortable, as it loves bright and scattered sunlight. From direct rays, the tree will need to be shaded.
The air temperature should not fall below 16 degrees in the summer, and in winter the mandarin can withstand "frosts" up to 12 degrees above zero. In the cold season, it is important to provide the plant with a lower temperature and wintering. If this does not happen, the fruits on next year you won't have to wait.
Attention! Main Feature Mandarin is his addiction to one-way lighting. The flower should not often be turned around its axis, as stress can shed its leaves and even die.
How to water correctly?
Also, the grower will need to know how to properly water the tangerine tree. This plant is very fond of moisture, so in the summer it must be watered every other day. In winter, watering is reduced and the tangerine will have enough moisture in the soil once a week.
In summer, be sure to spray the leaves several times a day, while not touching the flowers with water. It is also recommended to place a small container of water next to the plant to maintain an optimal level of air humidity.
Fertilizer and top dressing
It is imperative to carry out top dressing, starting in March and ending in early autumn. During this period, the kidneys are actively developing, which will require the supply of mineral fertilizer.
What should be in top dressing:
- nitrogen;
- phosphorus;
- potassium.
Mandarin can also be fertilized with mullein manure diluted in water in a ratio of 1 to 10. Feed should be done once every one and a half weeks, alternating the type of feeding. In winter, fertilizers are reduced to once a month.
Shaping and trimming
Often at home it is not necessary to form a crown, since the varieties initially have decorative look. The grower will only need to pluck the shoots during their germination from the seed. If the plant has given birth to heavy fruits, it should be tied to a support.
How to plant mandarin at home?
Grafting is also one of the ways to propagate mandarin. To achieve the goal, you will need to take plants with a trunk thickness of at least 0.5 cm, and the rootstock should be about 1-3 years old. The shoot is cut off from the plant from which they want to get a daughter tree. It must have one bud and leaf.
How to plant a tangerine:
- Make a T-shaped incision on the rootstock. Its length should be no more than 2 cm.
- Gently move the bark at the site of the cut, place the rootstock of the tree there.
- Then the bark must be returned to its place, and the incision should be covered with garden pitch.
- It remains to wrap the place of grafting with electrical tape.
Successful grafting is characterized by yellowing of the cutting and the leaf falling from it. If this does not happen, the shoot will turn black.
The tree itself must be placed in an improvised greenhouse from an ordinary plastic bag. After a month, you will need to cut the stock with a pruner, cutting obliquely, remove the electrical tape and cover the cut with garden pitch.
Disease and pest control
The tangerine tree is sick just like any other home plant, - due to improper care. The appearance of diseases is affected by unsuitable air humidity and the microclimate in the room, as well as a lack of necessary elements in the soil.
The most common diseases are:
- Anthracnose. Manifested by yellowing and falling leaves with deformation of the bark. For treatment, treatment with "Fitosporin" is used. The affected part of the plant is recommended to be destroyed.
- Gommose citrus. Red spots form on the trunk. This can happen due to improper planting, damage to the trunk, lack of necessary drainage, or an excess of fertilizer. You can correct the situation by treating cracks with a light solution of vitriol. From above it is necessary to cover them with garden pitch.
- Scab. It looks like small transparent spots, which subsequently turn into gray warty formations. Spraying the plant three times with Bordeaux liquid will help to cure the plant.
- Spider mite. Manifested by a cobweb on the leaves. Initially, it is necessary to remove pests from the tangerine with an old toothbrush, and then give it a contrast shower. The soil should be sprinkled with ash. You will need to repeat the procedure in a week and a half.
If you take care of the tangerine tree according to all the rules, you can get an excellent living decoration in any interior. When bright orange fruits begin to bloom on it, this will definitely cheer up the owner and attract the attention of all guests at home.
And vegetatively. For planting, you can take seeds from any fruit. Remove them and immediately plant them in a fertile substrate consisting of leaf humus and sand with the addition of a small amount of oily clay. Seedlings appear quite quickly and after a few years become quite lush bushes.
Flowering and fruiting on a mandarin grown in this way comes very late. The process can be accelerated by grafting the plant.
The vegetative propagation method is quite laborious, but by propagating in this way, you will get fruits much faster in 2-4 years. Make air layers. To do this, select a suitable branch and remove the bark about 2 cm wide from it. Tie this place with wet moss and moisten it periodically as it dries, the substrate should always be wet. After a while, roots should appear at the layering. Cut off a twig and plant in a pot with light soil.
How to care for a tangerine
Tangerines, unlike other citrus fruits, are quite unpretentious and require minimal care, but in order to achieve flowering and fruiting from them, you need to create a plant certain conditions.
Light tangerine needs bright, but diffused. Place the pot in an east or west window. On sunny days, shade from direct rays.
The plant is moisture-loving. In spring and summer, it must be watered 1-2 times a day with soft water. room temperature. In winter, watering should be slightly reduced, but the soil should always be moist, you should not allow the earthen clod to dry out, as the tangerine can shed foliage. Spray the plant regularly, especially if the air in the room is very dry.
To achieve the required humidity, pour expanded clay into the pallet and moisten it. As it dries, pour some water into the pan.
During the period of active growth, during budding and fruiting, feed the plants with organic and mineral fertilizers. Use complex fertilizers for citrus fruits, and as an organic matter - cow dung slurry (in a ratio of 1:10).
Plant transplant
Young bushes need to be transplanted annually, and adult plants once every 3 years. Best time for this - spring, at this time the mandarin begins a period of active growth, so the plant will tolerate the procedure very well.
Put a layer of drainage on the bottom of the pot. It can be broken brick, crushed stone or expanded clay. Then pour in a nutritious but light citrus substrate. Remove the plant from the old pot, shake off the soil and wash the roots in warm water. Sick and rotten, remove and plant the tangerine in fresh soil.
adults large plants transplanting is quite problematic, but you can get by with replacing the top layer of soil in the container. Remove about 5 cm of old soil and pour in fresh substrate. Lightly compact it and water the plant with warm water.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics in the shade flowering trees have long been essential attribute meeting of spring in the country rising sun. The financial and academic year here begins on April 1, when magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain types can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
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Planting one on your windowsill seems like an impossible task for many. We are constantly afraid of what is required for the family unique care which will consume all our time and finances. Indeed, some of these plants require careful supervision, but this does not particularly concern the tangerine. This fruit is quite unpretentious and hardy enough for our climate. Therefore, after reading our article, choose the best cultivation method for you and feel free to start planting an overseas fruit. And how to choose and grow a tangerine from a stone at home, we will describe below.
Choosing a place for a tangerine
If you still decide to grow a tangerine, the first step is to choose a place for the tree. Indoor can grow both on the windowsill and on the balcony. To date, many dwarf plants have been bred by breeders, but ordinary mandarin trees can also be given the desired shape.
A place for planting a tree at home is chosen in the same way as on. The site must be well lit with little direct hit sun rays . With insufficient lighting, the tangerine will slow down its growth and may not bloom at all. Therefore, to grow a tangerine, choose the southern part of the room, but so that at noon the tree can be slightly shaded.
Temperature
For indoor maintenance of mandarin, it is necessary to maintain a certain temperature. In summer, the optimal temperature indicators for growing a tree should be +20...+25°C. When the plant begins to bloom or buds appear on it, it is advisable to warn them against falling flowers by lowering the temperature no higher than +20 ° C.
In winter, to improve future flowering, citrus mandarin is better leave without much movement. Temperature in winter period content can vary from +5 °C to +10 °C. Observing such temperature conditions, you can easily grow a tangerine from a stone at home.
Mandarin very important point during his growth. With insufficient light the tree is retarded and there is a great risk of getting a modest bloom. In the summer, a young tangerine can be gradually exposed to open air so that the plant gradually gets used to the environment. But at noon you will have to hide it from direct sunlight.
In winter, when the daylight hours are rather short, the tangerine must be placed in the brightest place in the room. It happens that a young tree may not have enough lighting. Here a phytolamp will come to the rescue, which is screwed into a regular table lamp or a chandelier. Start off you need to highlight the tangerine gradually otherwise, with a sharp change in the length of daylight hours, the plant may shed foliage.
Air humidity
Mandarin does not tolerate dry air. Therefore, to maintain sufficient humidity, it is recommended to place water containers around the container. With an increase in temperature, the plant needs to be additionally moistened, sometimes several times a day. In winter, it is better to apply spraying, but only as it dries.
Choice of dishes or container for planting
Dishes for planting mandarin are recommended to choose based on its size. Remember, for the best growth of the tree, it will need to be replanted every year. Don't choose right away big pot, as too much space can lead to root rot.
The best containers for tangerines are small wooden boxes or pots from natural materials. When landing, do not forget about the good. Pebbles, expanded clay, remnants of broken ceramic dishes and even polystyrene are excellent for this role. Mandarin does not like stagnant moisture in the soil, which can also lead to root rot.
Important! Every week, inspect the shoots, as well as the trunk and leaves of the tree for infection with bacteria or pests.
Soil for mandarin
As with growing in open field, indoor tangerine does not love acidic soils . Therefore, choosing ready mix For planting in the store, please note the substrate.
If you do not trust purchased substrates, you can independently prepare the soil for planting. To do this, take turf and leaf soil, washed river sand and a little. Observe the proportions 1:1:0.5. From these components, a light, well-permeable soil is obtained, which the mandarin loves so much.
Planting, propagation and transplanting mandarin
At home cultivation tangerine citrus, there are several ways to propagate it: cuttings, grafting, and the most popular method today - a bone. But how to plant and grow a tangerine from a stone so that the tree bears fruit?
First of all, it is necessary to understand that when using this method, the result should not be expected earlier than in six years. An even more complicated method of propagation is cuttings, since when using it, it is extremely rare to grow a tangerine at home.
At the same time, mandarin grafting is considered one of the proven options. At home, it is grafted onto seedlings of orange or grapefruit. In addition, many flower growers are interested in how much mandarin grows? This citrus tree is very durable and, with proper care, will live for more than thirty years.
Mandarin roots are actively growing every year, which is why the plant needs an annual transplant. After 5-6 years, they are transplanted less often - once every two years. Transplantation must be carried out in the spring, before the active growth of the rhizome, and each time a flowerpot or pot is selected slightly larger than the previous one. The best thing for a mandarin will be a transshipment method of transplantation: try not to destroy the formed earthen clod.
Important! Do not wash the roots of the plant. Only when they become infected, rinsing is allowed.
Vegetative propagation methods
As we mentioned above, mandarin reproduction at home, using normal fit cuttings - almost impossible. Therefore, in order to grow a fruitful tree, tangerine cuttings graft to any other citrus plant.
To do this, you need a bush aged from one to two years and a stalk of your choice. We take citrus seedling and at a distance of up to 10 cm above the soil we make a T-shaped incision. Then, slightly pressing the tip of the knife, we get a recess into which we insert our cutting.
After that, you need to coat the cut with garden pitch and rewind with PVC film or electrical tape. After grafting tangerines, you need to place them in or simply cover with a plastic bag. You can ventilate once a day, making sure that an eye has not appeared after vaccination.
Usually the stalk is grafted within a month, after which the greenhouse is removed and the electrical tape is weakened. After rooting, the overstretched film can be completely disposed of. By growing mandarins in this way of reproduction, you have every chance of getting sweet and juicy fruits.
Did you know? For best tangerine growth, spray its leaves daily with warm water from a spray bottle.
seed method
The easiest way to grow a tangerine is to plant a seed, and you already know this. Therefore, in advance, buy a few fruits that have been properly stored, without freezing and direct sunlight, and select a dozen seeds from them. Then, rinse them thoroughly running water and place on a windowsill or other flat surface for drying.
When the seeds dry, they must be soaked for further germination: we take a cotton cloth and wrap the bones in it. For several days, the fabric should be damp, but not floating in water.
After the seeds swell and sprouts begin to hatch, they can be transplanted into previously prepared soil. As soon as you plant a mandarin seed and the seedling grows a little, it must be transplanted into a container with a volume of about 4 liters.
Important! Be sure to take several grains for planting at once, as some of the mandarin seeds usually do not germinate.
plant care
If you no longer have questions about how to plant a tangerine, then all that remains is to provide it with proper care and wait for fragrant fruits. For good growth tree do not forget about sufficient humidity in the summer. Give more light, but shade in the sun, as tangerine leaves burn easily.
Some varieties of indoor tangerines can bloom up to a whole year, but to ensure their comfortable growth, cut off most of the flowers and ovaries. If you do not want to give the tangerine tree a special look, then you need to remove only dried or strongly elongated branches.
