How to spray potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle during flowering. How and what is better to process potatoes before planting
The Colorado potato beetle is one of the most malicious opponents of every gardener. Vegetable growers process tubers and potato plants several times throughout the whole growing season but they often fail to achieve the expected results. Insects continue to destroy plants, and the crop from frequent spraying accumulates many toxic substances. Therefore, many prefer to use exclusively folk remedies to protect potatoes from insects.
A set of preventive actions
The fight against potato pest will be much more effective if it is carried out throughout the year, and not limited to the growing season of the crop. It is important to constantly create conditions on your site that are unfavorable for the development and reproduction of insects. For each season there is a certain set of preventive actions.
Fresh or rotted leaves repel pests well walnut. In the fall, they need to be scattered throughout the site, and then dig up the garden. Plowing the land on the eve of a cold snap will make it possible to destroy a significant part of the insects, which did not have time to go deep enough in preparation for wintering. Throughout the winter, it is necessary to scatter evenly on the bed, which has a detrimental effect on leaf beetles and enriches the soil useful vitamins(phosphorus, potassium).
In the spring, before germination, glass jars(0.5 -1 l) you need to put a few pieces raw potatoes or its peel. Vessels must be buried flush with the surface of the soil, evenly distributing them throughout the garden. Periodically, such traps should be checked and pests that have fallen into them should be destroyed. It is possible to lure and collect insects by this method even after harvesting.
During the growing season, you need to periodically inspect the tops, and in a timely manner produce manual assembly and pest control. In addition to the pests themselves, their larvae must also be removed. And if the beetles on the potatoes are visible quite well, then finding the eggs is sometimes not easy. Insects usually debug them on inside leaves.
Newborn cubs are much more dangerous than old individuals. They are able to destroy a large area of plants in just one day. Therefore, it is important to prevent their occurrence as much as possible.
Dusting potato protection
This old folk remedy for the Colorado potato beetle, with frequent use, can be quite positive result. Shedding tops and row spacing received a second name - "dry fight", which includes the following methods:
- Dusting of leaves with sown wood ash at the rate of 10 kg per one hundred square meters. The most effective is pine and birch ash.
- Cornmeal tends to expand in volume when exposed to moisture. Once in the stomach of an insect, it begins to swell strongly, which causes its death.
- The smell of fresh pine or birch sawdust scattered between the rows is well repelled by leaf beetles.
When dusting, it is not the quantity of materials used that is decisive, but the frequency of the procedure!
Spraying potatoes with infusions and decoctions
There is a wide variety of solutions for the preparation of which natural raw materials are used. Processing potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle with such infusions will help to significantly reduce its population in the garden.
| raw material | Required amount per 10 liters of water. | Cooking method | Note |
| walnut leaves | 1 kg | Pour boiling water, insist under the lid for a week | |
| White acacia bark | 1 kg | Dry and grind, insist in a cool place for 3-4 days. | |
| onion peel | 300 g | Pour hot water, leave under pressure for a day | |
| Dandelion and horsetail herb | 200 g of each component | Boil for 15 minutes, the product is ready for use immediately after cooling | Ready-made broth should be used at a concentration of 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water |
| Wormwood | 300 g | Mix with one glass of wood ash, pour hot water, leave for three hours | |
| 200 g | Finely chop the bulbs and arrows, pour warm water and leave for a day | Ripened, but not shrunken leaves are suitable | |
| Hemp | 600 g | Boil for 10 minutes, the cooled solution is ready for use | Use the leaves of a flowering plant |
| Tobacco | 0.5 kg | insist two days | Dry roots, stems or tobacco powder are suitable. The extract is diluted in a ratio of 1:2 |
| hot pepper | 100 g | Boil for 2 hours, apply immediately after cooling | |
| Celandine | 500 - 1000 g | Freshly cut leaves and stems are boiled for 10 minutes | The prepared solution is used at a concentration of 1:20 |
How and with what to spray potatoes is a purely personal matter for every vegetable grower. Many gardeners add to their solutions sunflower oil, vinegar, mustard and other specific ingredients. Regardless of the composition, there are a number of rules and recommendations for processing horticultural crops liquid preparations:
- Any of the solutions must be filtered before use to avoid clogging the nozzle of the spray device.
- Spraying should be carried out in calm weather in the early morning or evening (drugs quickly lose their insecticidal properties from exposure to sunlight).
- Adding soap or washing powder improves its adhesion to the leaf surface.
- Despite the natural origin of the components of the product used, it is necessary to work with it observing all safety measures.
A tool created on their basis is considered very effective for processing potatoes from Colorado potato beetles. Approximately half liter jar insects should be placed in 10 liters of water, covered with a lid. After 5-7 days, the solution will be saturated with the necessary toxins, and the "rodents" will settle to the bottom of the vessel. A liter of such an insecticide is diluted with two liters of water.
Spraying potatoes with undiluted infusion can burn the tops!
Neighbors that the "striped" does not tolerate
Colorado potato beetles have well-developed scent receptors, so they do not like to live in areas where strong odors predominate. To create such conditions in their garden, some vegetable growers alternate potato rows with plantings of other crops. Among the most "unloved" pests are onions, beans and beans. Some plants emit a sharp aroma only when flowering. It is customary for them to plant potato plantations along the perimeter. Calendula, coriander, violet and hemp have good deterrent properties. True, the cultivation of the latter is prohibited by law.
Features of pest control
Colorado leaf beetles are very thermophilic, they prefer to lay their larvae in well-lit and sun-warmed areas. It is noticed that in shady places the tops are devoured by insects much less. The pest also ambiguously refers to different varieties potatoes. First of all, beetles eat bushes of early crops, the leaves and stems of which are usually not powerful enough.
In order to get rid of beetles on potatoes, it is advisable to use several methods overnight. The pest tends to adapt to certain drugs and conditions, so you can’t be limited to one specific method, no matter how effective it would be.
The fight will be much more effective if you destroy insects not only in your area, but also in the largest possible radius from it. Therefore, in such matters, it is important to interact with the owners of neighboring plots, share knowledge and experience, look for common solutions on how to get rid of beetles on potatoes, and carry out all “anti-Colorado” operations in the same time frame.
How to get rid of the Colorado potato beetle folk remedies - video
Potato is one of the most significant crops, occupying the main share in the agriculture of our country. It is not always possible to create favorable growing conditions for potatoes. Different regions have their own climatic features. Also, the composition and structure of the soil does not always meet the requirements of this vegetable. Fertilizers for potatoes, applied in compliance with the deadlines and the required dosages, will help correct any errors.
Article outline
Nutrients - what do potatoes love?
Essential elements
Any crops need a complex of basic elements nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK). And potatoes need it especially, this root crop is demanding on nutrition and quickly depletes the soil solution. A plant during the growing season consumes approximately 50 g of nitrogen, about 20 g of phosphorus and 100 g of potassium.
And if we take into account that some of the elements can go into a form inaccessible to plants or simply evaporate from the soil surface, then we can conclude that feeding potatoes in open field- The event is mandatory.
The main elements are introduced with complex and single-component mineral fertilizers, as well as organic matter: composts, manure and bird droppings, the green manure method, infusions of "green fertilizers" from various herbs.
Micronutrient nutrition
Trace elements are necessary for all root crops. They enhance biochemical processes at the intercellular level, help to better assimilate the main elements, increase the resistance of root crops to various types diseases: scab, late blight, nematode. But most importantly, trace elements are responsible for the starch content of potatoes and their shelf life. Potatoes not fed with micronutrient will spoil quickly and will not survive the long winter.
First of all, potatoes need manganese, then zinc, boron and copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, sulfur, and then cobalt and molybdenum in small amounts. Depending on the type of soil, the content of trace elements varies. The lighter the soil, the less useful substances. It should be noted that the use of organic matter to replenish microelements on sandy and sandy loamy soils is more than justified. Experts have long proven that soil humus contains up to 25% of zinc, copper, molybdenum and cobalt necessary for plants. Boron and manganese are less - about 5%.
It is possible to fill light soils with humus only with the help of organic fertilizers, moreover, the use of organic matter will not be enough, and chemical additives must be used. Industrial microfertilizers are applied under potatoes by the root method, also effective measure is foliar feeding of potatoes.
How to prepare the site?
Potatoes quickly deplete the soil. If the root crop is planted every season in one place, significant doses of mineral additives and organic fertilizers will be required. Most best harvests usually removed in the first two years of development of virgin areas, when the soil solution is still saturated with all the nutrients.
Landing in one area obliges to carry out and preventive actions against the spread of diseases and pests. If possible, it is better to change the plot for potatoes. If this is not possible, it is impossible to neglect the laying of fertilizers in the fall. In the spring, the first top dressing of potatoes is carried out at planting.
Autumn site preparation
In order for the care and cultivation of potatoes to be effective, in the fall it is necessary to use organic matter and chemical additives at the same time. Organics should be abandoned only if the soil was seriously infested with pests in the previous season, or the potatoes suffered from some kind of disease. Organics is a favorable breeding ground for pathogenic flora.
Mineral-organic dressing for potatoes in the fall:
- 50 l - 100 l of humus / 30 g / 15 g / 1 m².
The amount of humus depends on the type of soil. For heavy soils, the minimum value is taken, for light soils - the maximum. Humus in the fall can be replaced with the same amount of fresh manure. During the winter, fresh organic matter will perepreet without harming the plants in the spring. Potassium and phosphorus are elements with a prolonged decomposition period, so it is most useful to apply these elements in the fall.
Mineral fertilizers for potatoes in autumn:
- 30 g of double superphosphate / 60 g of potassium sulfate / 1 m².
The double dose of potassium supplements compared to phosphorus supplements is due to the high requirements of potatoes for potassium. Potassium sulphate supplement can be replaced with potassium sulfate. In any case, the ratio of phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be 1:2.
Potash agrochemicals are often substituted. Ash contains the necessary potassium and prevents the spread of harmful microorganisms. A glass of ash will replace 10 g of any potassium-containing fertilizer.
Fans of the sideration method can be advised to sow a potato plot with white mustard. This cold-resistant green manure will have time to rise before the first frosts and go under the snow in a green state. In the spring, all that remains is to dig the site.
Liming
One more mandatory procedure to be carried out in the fall is the liming of the soil solution. Planting and caring for potatoes will become ineffective if potatoes are sown in soil with high acidity. Liming is carried out at any time after harvest, but no later than fifteen days before autumn plowing with the laying of fertilizers.
For liming:
- 250 g dolomite flour / 1 m².
If in autumn digging it is planned to use ash, it is not necessary to lime the soil. Ash successfully replaces dolomites and deoxidizes the soil:
- 200 g ash/1 m².
Spring fertilization for planting
In the spring, when planting, fertilizers for potatoes are applied by the nesting method, that is, in each hole in which the tuber will be laid. This method has justified itself in practice, as the most budgetary, compared with digging for the entire site. Usually, a mineral-organic mixture is used in the wells.
Fertilizers for potatoes when planting in the hole:
- 30 kg of humus / 2 kg of ash / 1 kg of simple superphosphate / 500 g / 1 weave.
Ammonium nitrate can be replaced with the same amount of ammonium sulfate. IN spring top dressing it is important to give the root crops enough nitrogen for the active growth of tops and rooting of tubers. In further fertilizing, nitrogen is used in smaller doses and then completely excluded so that the ground part does not develop to the detriment of the tubers. Nitrogen is supplied together with organics, full complex fertilizers, as well as single-component formulations.
The best fertilizer for potatoes in the hole:
- 3 l compost mixture / 30 g (two spoons) / 20 g ammonium nitrate / 20 g potassium sulfate / 1 m²;
- 10 l of humus / 50 g of nitrophoska / 200 ml of ash / 1 m².
If green manure was planted on the site in the fall, when planting, it is enough to add to the hole:
- 20 g ammonium nitrate / 20 g potassium sulfate / 1 m².
For the prevention of diseases and pests on chernozems and heavy loams, only mineral compositions can be applied without the addition of organic matter:
- 5 kg of nitrophoska / 1 weave;
- 3 kg of nitroammophoska / 1 weave.
Based on one well of nitrophoska, approximately one tablespoon will be needed.
In cases of time constraints or when there is a large cultivated area, labor costs can be reduced and ready-made agrochemicals can be used.
Please note that any mixture obtained must be mixed with the ground before being laid in the wells, avoiding direct contact of tubers and fertilizers so as not to damage the planting material.
Feeding potatoes in double rows
Vegetation period - root feeding scheme
- top dressing of potatoes after planting, at the stage of germination;
- fertilization in the phase of inflorescence formation (budding);
- top dressing during flowering.
Experienced gardeners, in order to facilitate the process of caring for root crops, tie top dressing to hilling. For late-ripening varieties during the growing season, about 3-4 hillings will be required, for early-ripening species, the procedure is carried out 2 times. Tuki are introduced before hilling.
Methods for applying under the root
A feature of the root feeding of potatoes is the incorporation of fertilizers into the deep layers of the soil, where the roots can get the necessary nutrition. Surface laying of fertilizers for potatoes is not suitable. In order to properly carry out top dressing, large agro-industrial farms use special equipment– cultivators-feeders or cultivators-hillers.
On small areas farmers use the "under stake" method. To do this, a stake is driven in between the rows to a depth of 20 cm - 30 cm according to the principle of a triangle. That is, one recess will work for three bushes. This is done to supply the required amount of nutrition without burning the root system. Fertilizer solutions are poured into the resulting recess and sprinkled with earth, or hilling is immediately carried out so that unstable nutrients couldn't evaporate.
First deposit
A sign that it is time to feed is usually a pale green shade of seedlings. This indicates a lack of nitrogen at the stage of active development of the tops.
How to feed potatoes for the first time:
- 500 ml / 15 g urea / 10 l / 500 ml per bush.
Manure cattle can be replaced with poultry droppings. It will take only 15 g - 25 g (1 - 1.5 tablespoons) / 10 liters. Urea is interchangeable with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate.
Second deposit
In the second feeding, nitrogen must be excluded. At this time, the plant gives all its strength to the formation and growth of tubers, and the amount of the crop in the end will depend on this. Basically, the emphasis is on the supply of potassium, which the potatoes need in large doses, and phosphorus:
- 15 g potassium sulfate / 125 ml (half a glass) ash / 15 g double superphosphate / 10 l / 500 ml per bush.
Third deposit
The last feeding of potatoes is carried out no later than twenty days before the collection of root crops. Mineral-organic mixtures are used:
- 30 g of superphosphate simple / 250 ml of slurry / 10 l / 500 ml per bush.
The value of foliar top dressing
A feature of the potato is its poor susceptibility to fertilizers with high demands on nutrients. To carry out root nutrition, gardeners have to apply a large amount of fertilizer, which is sometimes simply unprofitable, given the cash costs of organic and industrial fertilizers. Foliar feeding often becomes more efficient in caring for potatoes and more economical way. But foliar feeding of potatoes has its own characteristics.
Adjuvants
The specificity of the structure of the potato leaf is such that if improperly sprayed, nutrients will be poorly absorbed. The epidermis of potato leaves is multi-layered, covered with a protective layer on top. natural film from wax and cutin. This barrier reduces the effectiveness of foliar feeding by a factor of three.
To overcome this protective layer, as part of leaf dressings, special means under the abbreviation surfactants - surface-active substances. The second name is adjuvants. These substances increase the area of liquid spreading over the surface of the sheet.. At the same time, adjuvants retain nutrients and damage the dense protective layer. Through microdamages, nutrition enters the plant.
Often ready-made formulations for processing potatoes already contain surfactants. Before buying a fertilizer, carefully read the composition. If adjuvants are not available, you will have to buy them separately and add them for spraying.
Scheme of foliar top dressing
Foliar top dressing helps the plant to develop normally, moreover, they are the prevention of many fungal diseases. For example, nitrogen sprays will protect potatoes from the nematode. Nettle infusion treatments are effective against aphids. Late blight will be prevented by copper sulphate treatments.
To prevent the formation of voids in the tubers, it is necessary. Manganese will improve the taste and increase the sugar content of the product, and spraying with copper sulphate a month before harvesting will increase the shelf life of tubers, and the loss of mass during storage will be reduced to a minimum.
Boron-manganese treatment is carried out in the phase of tuber formation, after flowering. During the growth period the best fertilizer will be urea spraying. The last processing on the sheet will be phosphoric. It is carried out twenty days before the digging of root crops. Humates are used throughout the growing season, and potassium is added to the leaf during the period of tuber growth, after flowering.
Why do we need boron for potatoes
Foliar top dressing for potatoes - compositions and dosages
With the advent of seedlings, you can feed the potatoes with urea. This one-component fat contains nitrogen and will help fill the deficiency of the element:
- 200 g urea / 300 g potassium monophosphate / 10 g boric acid / 10 l.
You can use urea spraying several times, until the onset of the flowering phase of potatoes. For the second and subsequent times, the given amount of additives is diluted with 5 liters of water. You can also add ready-made compositions of microfertilizers. The content of copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, sulfur should not exceed 1 g per 10 liters of solution. Carbamide is not used simultaneously with herbicides.
Please note that in the period before flowering, potatoes absorb up to 60% of all nutrients, therefore, it is during this period that most dressings should be carried out. However, it should be borne in mind that the interval between them should always be at least two weeks.
Root crops are fed with humates throughout the growing season, starting the procedure with the appearance of the fourth leaf. Works well for potatoes:
- working solution - 2 g of the drug / 10 l - 3 liters will be needed for 1 weave.
During flowering, potatoes are necessary, which are sold in specialized stores. A mixture that, in addition to the main nutritional components, contains the addition of copper sulfate will also be effective. Processing with this composition will protect the shoots from pests and give complete nutrition to root crops:
- 2 g ammonium nitrate / 2 g potassium chloride / 20 g simple superphosphate / 0.1 copper sulfate / 10 l.
Dilute the components in warm water and let it brew for 3 to 4 hours.
When the potato has faded, the stage of tuber formation begins.. Immediately after flowering, it is necessary to give the plant boron and manganese. To make the task easier and not to calculate one-component additives, experienced gardeners recommend purchasing Mag-Bor fertilizer for potatoes. The drug is inexpensive and will last for a long time. To prepare a working solution, you only need:
- 15 g (tablespoon) fertilizer / 10 l.
Phosphorus top dressing is carried out at the end of the growing season. It will improve the taste and keeping quality of root crops:
- 100 g of simple superphosphate / 10 l.
Everything you need to know about feeding potatoes
How to properly spray potatoes?
Due to the peculiar structure of the potato leaf with dense protective film, several rules must be observed, otherwise the processing of potatoes on the sheet will simply be ineffective.
- Do not spray in anticipation of rain. It takes at least 3 hours for the absorption of nutrients by potato leaves. In the case of precipitation, beneficial elements will be washed away before the plant absorbs them.
- In case of frost, foliar feeding of potatoes is best postponed for a few days.
- In hot weather, sheet processing is not carried out due to the possibility of burns. It is better to spray early in the morning or in the evening at sunset.
- Choose your spray gun carefully. Spraying potatoes should be small drops so that the food is absorbed faster and better.
Now you know how to carry out root and foliar feeding, what kind of fertilizer for potatoes is best, when to apply it. Take good care of your plants and have a good harvest!
It turns out that the fight against the Colorado potato beetle folk remedies pretty efficient. We have collected for you the most popular recipes for natural preparations that repel and destroy potato pests.
Fighting the Colorado potato beetle chemicals not always safe, especially if you are pesticideing potatoes in an area where small children and pets are walking nearby. In addition, poisons can accumulate in root vegetables, which we then eat.
Today, various methods of dealing with the Colorado potato beetle are known. But the safest method for many years has been the manual collection of pests and their subsequent destruction. However, on large areas such protection of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle is laborious and inefficient. Therefore, it is easiest to process potato plantings several times during the season using natural remedies.
Folk remedies are safer than chemical ones, but often no less effective.
Wood ash from the Colorado potato beetle
Experienced gardeners know that pollination of potato bushes with sifted ash, especially birch ash, is very effective. In the morning, while the dew has not yet dried on the leaves, or after rain, powder the plants at the rate of 10 kg of ash per 1 weave. After 2 days, striped insects should die.
An ash solution that is sprayed on young potato bushes is also effective. To do this, dissolve 2 kg of ash in 10 liters of water, then dilute 1 liter of the solution in 10 liters of water and treat the plants with the resulting liquid.
Dusting with ash is carried out 1 time in 2 weeks before flowering and 1 time per month after flowering. At the same time, it will not be superfluous to sprinkle the soil between the rows with dry wood ash.
Instead of ash, cornmeal, cement, or gypsum can be used to dust wet potato leaves.
Herbal infusions and decoctions
Effective preparations for processing potatoes can be prepared independently from weeds and cultivated plants. We bring here best recipes folk funds.
- 300 g of walnut shell and the same amount of dried leaves of this plant, pour 10 liters of boiling water, leave for 5-7 days, then strain and use the infusion for spraying.
- Fill half of the bucket with fresh poplar leaves, fill them with water, boil for 15 minutes, bring the volume to 10 liters and leave for 3 days.
- Dissolve 100 g of birch tar (tar soap is suitable) in 10 liters of water and spray the tops with the resulting solution 3 times a week.
- 1.5 kg of dry or fresh celandine insist in hot water for 3 hours. Then pour 1 liter of 1.5% calcium chloride solution (15 g per 1 liter of water) into the infusion.
- Pour 300 g of onion peel into 10 liters of water at a temperature of 70-80 ° C and leave for a day. In this case, it is desirable to place a heavy load on the husk in the container.
- Grind 100 g of dried elecampane roots, pour boiling water over it, cover and leave for 1.5-2 hours. Spraying is carried out when the tops reach a height of at least 15 cm.
- 200 g of dandelion shoots and 200 g of horsetail pour 10 liters of water, boil for 15 minutes. Cool and use at a concentration of 0.5 liters of decoction per 10 liters of water.
- Mix 300 g of crushed bitter wormwood with 1 glass of wood ash, pour 10 liters of boiling water and leave for 3 hours.
- 500 g of tobacco dust, as well as stems and roots of tobacco, pour 10 liters of water, leave for 2-3 days, then strain, add 40 g of laundry soap and mix well.
- Pour 1 kg of crushed leaves and stems of tomatoes into 10 liters of warm water, leave for 4-5 hours, add 40 g of bar soap (or 3 tablespoons of liquid soap).
- 200 g chopped heads and arrows of garlic pour 10 liters hot water and insist for a day. Then add 40 g of soap to the infusion.
Recently, many gardeners have noted that it is very effective to use mustard against the Colorado potato beetle. To do this, 200 g of dry mustard is dissolved in 10 liters of warm water, 100 ml of 9% vinegar is added, and potato bushes are sprayed with the resulting liquid during flowering. In this case, the leaves are processed not only from above, but also from the back.
Mustard solution is effective only during flowering.
Rules for the use of herbal remedies for the Colorado potato beetle
1. Spray in the morning or in the evening in calm and warm (18-22 ° C) weather on dry leaves.
2. Repeat treatments every 7-10 days, with the last spraying being done 20 days before harvest.
3. Use all solutions within a few hours: natural remedies are not stored for a long time. Bury unused infusions and plant residues in the ground, preferably outside the site.
4. The Colorado potato beetle quickly adapts to drugs, so insecticidal agents must be alternated.
Colorado beetle larvae are particularly resistant to insecticides.
Processing potato tubers before planting
For prevention purposes, before planting, it is recommended to treat the tubers with protective agents against diseases and pests. You can disinfect potatoes with wood ash (1 kg per 10 liters of water) or potassium permanganate solution (1 g per 10 liters of water). In one of these preparations, you just need to dip the tubers for a few seconds.
Such an effective fight against the Colorado potato beetle will save your plants and help them produce a rich harvest of healthy tubers.
www.6cotok.org
Folk remedies for the Colorado potato beetle on potatoes - what could be better ?!
Gardeners have always been interested in folk remedies for the Colorado potato beetle on potatoes, because they want not only to grow healthy and beautiful potatoes, but also healthy ones, without pesticides. Therefore, the most best practices and those are considered that will not harm the future harvest ...
Why is this bright beetle so dangerous?
The Colorado potato beetle stubbornly develops new territories, eating hectares of potato plantings, and it is not so easy to deal with it. Every year summer residents and gardeners destroy a huge number of these insects, but with the advent of the new season they reappear.
The fact is that on our land he has practically no enemies who would help us fight him, which is why he multiplies in unlimited quantities. These numbers are really striking in their scale, since the female of this beetle during the spring summer period can lay from 400 to 1000 eggs (it's just incredible!).
Feature of these harmful insects is that they can go into diapause, which can last up to three years.
Spraying potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle can of course be carried out with chemical insecticides, but in order not to harm your crop, it is better to do this using long-proven folk methods:
- Infusion of fresh leaves and young walnut fruits. Pour one kilogram of foliage with a bucket of boiling water and leave for five days, then filter and you can process the bushes with potatoes;
- Birch tar is good for beetles. Dilute 100 grams of the product in 8-10 liters of water and spray the plants every three days;
- Put the onion peel on the bottom of the bucket, pour warm water, leave for 24 hours (100 grams of raw materials per 5 liters of water);
- Bitter wormwood is mixed with ash, brewed with hot water and allowed to infuse for about 6 hours (200 grams of grass, one glass of ash, 10 liters of water);
- A few small pods of dry hot pepper are taken and boiled in a bucket of water when the broth has cooled down. For better settling on the tops, you can add a little grated laundry soap (liquid soap is not recommended);
- Dusting with wood ash. It is advisable to do this in the morning, when the dew has not yet come down, so large quantity ash will settle on the tops of potatoes. As a rule, after a day or two, most of the larvae and adult insects die;
- Sunflower (500 grams of flowers) is placed in a bucket, brewed, and left for 48 hours;
- A decoction of celandine perfectly fights beetles. The bucket is filled with dry or fresh leaves of the plant, poured cold water and boil for at least 20 minutes, then the resulting broth is diluted in a ratio of 1:20;
- Infusion of white acacia (bark). One kilogram of bark insist in one bucket of water for three days, then strain and can be used;
- Dandelion and horsetail infusions are also good for beetle control. It is necessary to take 0.2 kilograms of horsetail and dandelion grass and boil in 12 liters of water for about ten minutes, then you need to cool;
- An infusion of elecampane roots is also effective in the fight against the beetle. To do this, take 0.5 kilograms of fresh roots of this plant (you can also take 200 grams of dried ones), add water (one bucket) and boil for about 30 minutes. Then we filter and spray the potatoes;
- Garlic infusion is widely used in pest control. It is necessary to take a glass of chopped garlic (or arrows) and pour warm water in a volume of 8-10 liters, leave for a day, and then process the tops of the potatoes;
- An infusion of tomato tops is prepared as follows: pour one kilogram of chopped tomato leaves with a bucket of warm water and let it brew for 3-4 hours, before using, add a couple of tablespoons of laundry soap.
Processing potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle will save not only the potatoes themselves, but also neighboring plantings. But on neighboring beds, you can place crops whose smell repels the Colorado potato beetle. It can be garlic, beans, coriander. Plant marigolds or nasturtium around the perimeter of your site, beetles do not like this smell.
ogorodko.ru
How to process potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle
It is not for nothing that potatoes are called the second bread, they are grown on almost every garden plot. Coming from the nightshade family, it does not require special care, the biggest problem is the fight against the Colorado potato beetle. If no action is taken, this pest can destroy most of the plantings, if not completely destroy. Means to combat it are used by spraying, so let's try to figure out how long the potatoes are pollinated from the beetle and by what means.
Briefly about the beetle
It's pretty large insect, with a body yellow color and black stripes on the shell. It got its name in the century before last after the name of the state of Colorado of the same name, where the entire crop was destroyed due to the invasion of beetles. It hibernates in the soil, with the advent of heat it gets out to the surface. severe cold only adults are able to transfer, younger ones die. This pest does not completely eat the greens, it gnaws at it, replenishing the loss of moisture.
Processing potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle
The safest and most environmentally friendly method is to pick beetles from bushes by hand. In addition to adult insects, larvae are also collected, which are located on the bottom of the leaf. The collection is carried out in 2 stages - first, beetles are collected, then immobile larvae and laid eggs. All manipulations are best done with gloves, pests are collected in a bucket, and then poured with kerosene and burned, or simply placed in a strong salt solution.
best period to fight the beetle - before the emergence of shoots. Make bait for them: pieces of tubers or potato peels are placed in a solution of karbofos or chlorophos for 5 hours. To prepare the solution, take 5 tbsp. funds per liter of water. Such baits are used both before planting and after harvesting. Having tried it, the pests die.
The safest and most environmentally friendly method is to collect beetles from bushes by hand. The pest is very susceptible to all sorts of odors. This feature is successfully used to combat the beetle: plants with a strong odor (dill, calendula, marigolds, legumes) are planted in the aisles. This will not ensure a complete victory, but it will significantly reduce the army of pests who want to feast on fresh greens.
Another way is to use onion peel, preferably with onion pieces, which are laid out between rows. Onion rotting, exudes a sharp bad smell repelling insects.
Plantings are also treated with a solution of birch tar, for which 100 g of tar and 10 liters are taken. water. Processing is carried out no more than 2 times a month.
How to spray potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle
You can always make your choice of how to process potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle: mustard, decoctions various plants or chemicals. Let us dwell in more detail on the types of chemicals used and folk remedies.
Spraying potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle Chemicals
The beetle does not like toxic drugs, including nicotine. To prepare a spray solution, take a pound of dry tobacco or use tobacco from cigarettes (10 packs are required). Then it is poured with 10 liters of water and infused for 2 days. Also, the composition of the solution includes soap (40 grams), rub it on a grater, then add a little water to give liquid state. Soap is added to the infused mixture and the bushes are sprayed.
If the proposed method does not help, chemicals are used. Good results at "Karate", "Decis", "Marshal", "Sumi-Alpha", "Sonnet".
Rules for the use of chemicals for processing
Chemicals have a detrimental effect not only on insects, but also on humans, their use requires special care.
1. Spray products carefully, it is strictly forbidden for pregnant women and children on the site.
2. During spraying, it is forbidden to take any food and drink.
3. Only special devices (sprayers) are used. Improvised means such as brooms, watering cans, are prohibited.
4. After carrying out the work, the clothes are removed and sent for washing, the sprayer is washed with water. Hands and face are washed with soap, then you can take a shower.
6. It is forbidden to be on the site for the first two days after spraying.
7. Processing is carried out no later than a month before harvest.
Spraying potatoes should be carried out in a respirator Folk remedies
If you have a problem with how to spray potatoes in August from a beetle, use folk remedies. They are safe and will not cause harm. Let's talk about them in more detail.
horsetail and dandelion are taken in equal proportions, poured with water, the resulting mixture is brought to a boil. For spraying, take 0.5 liters of infusion per bucket of water.
Tincture of garlic
Prepared from 200 gr. chopped garlic, you can use both arrows and heads. It is mixed with 10 liters of water and laundry soap (40 gr.).
If the size of your site is small, you can treat the plants with a safe biopreparation "Bitoxibacillin". For 10 liters of water, 200 gr. drug. The first spraying is carried out at the first appearance of larvae, as well as a large number of adults. The drug destroys up to 90% of adults, and the larvae die almost completely. After a couple of weeks, the treatment is repeated. Per 100 sq.m. the site will require 4 liters of working solution.
The fight against the Colorado potato beetle folk remedies In addition to using various solutions, there is another very curious way. The breed of chickens "Faverol" will help get rid of harmful insects without any chemicals. The method is based on the fact that chickens are fed with finely chopped potatoes and tops. At the age of 1 month, Colorado potato beetles, crushed into powder, are added to food. The dose is increased daily. Three-month-old chickens, not previously fed, are released to the site. As a result, hungry chickens destroy almost all pests.
Video: how to process potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle
So, we looked at several ways to deal with the Colorado potato beetle. mechanical way suitable for small areas folk ways harmless to humans, but, unfortunately, not always effective and do not destroy the larvae. The Colorado potato beetle eventually develops immunity to drugs, so the means used must be alternated. Fulfillment of this condition will make pest control as effective as possible.
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Folk remedies for the Colorado potato beetle on potatoes
The Colorado potato beetle was made a pest by the people themselves, however, like all its other brethren. An increase in the food base caused an increase in the number of insects. In addition, in our latitudes, he has practically no natural enemies, because he is a foreigner from the distant state of Colorado. His eating habits extend to the entire nightshade family: tomatoes, eggplants, peppers and, of course, potatoes. With the connivance of a person, a leaf-biter in a matter of days will turn a potato field of any size into a desert and will not choke.
It is possible to fight the Colorado potato beetle on potatoes, but there are 2 fundamentally different ways.
Declare a chemical war on the "occupier" and arm yourself with a sprayer and the latest chemical, by the way, not the cheapest, preparations. And in war, as you know, you can not do without casualties. Only summer residents themselves, who receive chronic poisoning with pesticides, fall into the category of victims. According to the instructions, insecticides should, after a certain time, decompose into safe for humans and environment products, but some of them still end up on our table and in the stomach.
The second way is to fight ecologically safe methods. The result may not be as lightning fast as after a chemical attack, but it guarantees a clean harvest. Every year there are more and more adherents of the second way. And to help them - folk remedies for the Colorado potato beetle on potatoes?
Dusting with ash, cornmeal, cement or plaster
If the potato plot is small, then the pest can be dealt with using the most ancient technique - collecting insects. Fortunately, they are clearly visible - go and collect. But you should not crush them, it is better to place them in a strong saline solution.
On large plantations of nightshade, collecting a beetle is a hopeless business. Another thing is the processing of potatoes by dusting.
"Powder" can serve as sifted ash. It pollinates wet, after rain or in the morning, potato tops. Even one treatment at the rate of 10 kg / 100 m2 will relieve cultivated plants not only from adults, but also from their voracious larvae. Dusting is carried out with a frequency of 2 times a month before flowering potatoes and 1 time after.
On dew-dampened nightshade leaves, you can also walk with cornmeal. Its particles, once in the stomach of an insect, increase in size and clog the intestines, which causes its death. The same end awaits an intruder if the plants are powdered with gypsum or cement.
Good and fresh sawdust to scare away "minke whales". On potato beds, the ground is sprinkled with birch and pine sawdust. Beetles do not tolerate the smell of fresh wood and bypass such areas.
Living barriers against the pest
Does not tolerate a stranger and the smells of some of our plants. You can take advantage of this weakness and arrange fragrant islands of matthiola, nasturtium, coriander, calendula or marigolds among the rows of potatoes. Potato protection also consists in planting along the perimeter of the plot of rows.
Foliar feeding of potatoes is just as important as root feeding. All the nutrients that the plant receives from the leaf - it transfers to the tubers. As a result - increase in productivity healthy plants and soil.
The absence of the Colorado potato beetle, aphids, potato moths is due to foliar spraying, because most of them live on the surface. Enough of the culture of enemies and underground - these are bears, wireworms, larvae of May beetles, nematodes.
Potato needs, growing features
A feature of growing tubers is that foliar feeding of potatoes is the main way of introducing nutrition for growing plants. The first portion of fertilizer is applied under the root.
Usually these are complex mixtures that give a good start for further growth. They are added when planting directly into the hole. Can be used as organic matter, and mineral, bought at a garden store.
The sweet taste of tubers attracts underground pests. In hot weather, they are forced to seek water and shelter, so they penetrate the potato, causing it to lose its marketable appearance, and sometimes exposed to a fungal infection due to damage to the integument.
Video: How to feed potatoes
Fertilizers are applied three times during the growth and fruiting season. This allows you to protect the plants and save the crop. Spraying is carried out at a certain time. There are drugs that affect live insects. There are those that are needed for prevention, when pests have not yet laid eggs.
Carefully! After feeding potatoes in August, you need to wait a certain time, after which you can eat the tubers so as not to harm your health. Terms are usually indicated on the packaging with a toxic substance.
Early varieties consume more nutrition because weather V initial period still unstable, temperature fluctuations are frequent. Plants are forced to eat more intensively in order to increase their immunity. In general, from one square meter tubers take 20 g of nitrogen, 6 - 8 g of potassium, 9 - 10 g of phosphorus, trace elements - boron, zinc, manganese.
According to the experience of many gardeners, potatoes are best perceived organic fertilizers in the soil - rotted manure, compost, wood ash. After fertilizing with organic matter, for two years it was possible to dig up to 10 buckets of young tubers planted from one bucket. This is due to the fact that manure has a balanced complex of nutrients.
Root and foliar top dressing - which is more effective
Determine which is more efficient foliar top dressing potatoes or ordinary ones, it is impossible, since they have different goals. Roots are designed to increase soil fertility and provide initial nutrition to seedlings after germination. According to the sheet, fertilizers are adjusted if a deficiency of certain substances is detected. All nutritional deficiencies are determined by appearance plants.
- A lack of nitrogen causes yellowing of the leaves. In violation of nitrogen nutrition, the level of photosynthesis does not reach its maximum. Consequently, tubers cannot take in enough potassium and phosphorus to grow.
- Potash fertilizers are useful in tandem with phosphate fertilizers. They intensify the decomposition of each other and have the most beneficial effect. Without potassium, the foliage begins to dry at the edges, the photosynthesis process is disrupted, the tubers form and pour poorly
- The lack of phosphorus in plants is more pronounced on neutral and slightly acidic soils. Even with sufficient addition of phosphate rock, superphosphates, the leaves turn purple, root system does not form and the tubers remain small until harvest. Therefore, phosphorus must be applied with acidic fertilizers - potassium and nitrogen.
Plant nutrition is provided by ready-made mineral mixtures and organic matter.
Chemical substances
TO chemicals includes industrial fertilizers. For example - nitroammophoska, azofoska, special mixtures for potatoes. Their dosages are indicated in the instructions and exact observance is required so as not to upset the balance of nutrients and not destroy the crop.
Foliar feeding of potatoes is more profitable to carry out those fertilizers that best absorbed through the leaves. One of these is carbamide - urea.
The substance is more intended for spraying than for root application. At the same time, carbamide helps to increase the immunity of the plant, inhibiting the reproduction of fungal infection and bacteria.
For foliar spraying 300 g of the substance is dissolved in a bucket. For processing choose morning or evening time so that the fertilizer stays on the leaves longer. there is also a danger that the solution will cause leaf burns during the scorching rays of the sun.
It is worth pointing out one common mistake when growing potatoes. When spreading fertilizer on the soil surface, you can achieve a crop of green tubers. Why is this happening? Because the root system will reach for food and set fruits closer to the surface.
And exposure to sunlight causes photosynthesis in the underground part of the plant. From this, the tubers turn green and are not suitable for food. The conclusion is to lay nutrients at the level of the root system and not be lazy.
organic
Organic fertilizers can also be used for foliar feeding of potatoes. It can be infusions of ash or manure. The purpose of the activities is disease prevention and pest control.
To prepare an infusion of fresh manure, you need to take:
- a third of a bucket of manure;
- to fill with water;
- insist a week, stirring occasionally;
- dilute each liter with 10 liters of water.
Spray on leaves. For this purpose, an ordinary millet broom was previously used, since small particles of manure can clog the spray gun. You can also water the roots with this solution.
The ash solution for spraying potatoes is prepared as follows:
- 200 g of furnace ash pour 10 liters of water;
- insist 45 days .
To combat pests and fungal diseases, another recipe is more suitable:
- Boil 300 g of ash (approximately 1 liter jar) for half an hour in three liters of water;
- cool and strain;
- add grated laundry soap 50 - 100 g;
- dilute up to 10 liters.
Importance of foliar sprays
Since potatoes are grown in the same beds every year, very careful care is needed so that diseases that take root with the crop in the soil do not have a detrimental effect on the crop. In small areas it is difficult to follow the principles of crop rotation, therefore Special attention should be given top dressing before the flowering period and after it.
Foliar top dressing of potatoes during flowering with chemicals is not carried out, because the smell of pollen attracts bees and you can poison beneficial insects. Secondly, during the flowering period, the bushes are most vulnerable to chemistry.
How to feed potatoes before flowering
Used before flowering for pest control blue vitriol, and for nutrition - potassium nitrate in the form of a solution. Urea is also suitable if potassium was added earlier. Superphosphate before flowering will enable the tubers to gain weight.
Foliar method before flowering can be applied green manure from nettles. To do this, the ground part of the nettle is crushed, poured with water in a barrel and insisted for a week. The solution is filtered and sprayed with tops.
This technique provides plants with an additional portion of potassium and nitrogen.
Complex top dressing during the flowering period of potatoes
How to feed potatoes during flowering, so as not to harm and at the same time not to lose the crop. It is recommended to use folk remedies for spraying:
- onion peel;
- walnut leaves;
- tobacco;
- poplar leaves.
Complex mineral supplements brought under the root.
It is safer and more efficient to use fertilizers designed for a specific crop - there is minimal risk of overdoing it with dosages.
Folk recipes
Nicotine persecution of the Colorado potato beetle is carried out with a solution that is prepared as follows:
- 10 packs of unfiltered cigarettes domestic production clear of paper;
- pour 10 liters of water;
- insist 3 - 4 days;
- add grated laundry soap - 50 g.
Spray foliage from the invasion of beetles and slugs.
IN onion peel contains phytoncides that repel pests of agricultural plants. In a small amount, the substance contains phosphorus, trace elements, vitamins. To prepare a decoction you need:
- 2 handfuls of onion scales;
- 10 liters of water.
Boil for 5 - 10 minutes, strain. Use as soon as it cools down. A sour solution will not do any good.
An infusion of walnut leaves has the ability to fight fungus and pathogenic bacteria.
During the flowering period, potatoes can be sprayed with walnut water:
- a third bucket fill with green leaves;
- fill with water and insist 3 - 4 days.
The period of formation and maturation of tubers
The period of formation and maturation of tubers is the most costly in terms of nutrient consumption. At this time, you need to ensure the power supply "from all sides". On the one hand, tubers gain weight and pull potassium and phosphorus from the soil. On the other hand, soil pests that damage potatoes are activated. Therefore, attention should be paid to both root and foliar top dressing.
C - a real scourge of potatoes and every lover has to face garden work in your area during the summer. Some summer residents are trying to get rid of pests by collecting them manually, while others use them for this purpose. Many novice farmers are puzzled by the question of whether it is possible to kill a beetle when potatoes are in bloom.
Spraying agents
Chemical preparations (insecticides) are recognized as the most effective in the fight against Colorado potato beetles:
- Spraying potatoes during the period of mass appearance of pests is effective with Aktellik. It has no less effective properties, the agent is used from the moment the first shoots appear until the very flowering.
- It is intended for repeated spraying of potatoes against Colorado potato beetles. It is used at each appearance of insects, but no later than 3 weeks before harvest.
- The absence negative impact Confidor Maxi differs in root crops.
Why you can not spray potatoes during flowering
However, experts do not recommend poisoning potatoes during flowering with all of the above preparations. This is explained by the fact that during this period the culture becomes very vulnerable to pesticides, since it begins the active formation of tubers.
On a note!
It is undesirable to spray the crop during flowering and because toxic components can poison pollinating insects. Chemical treatment can be used only before the formation of inflorescences and after the flowering of potatoes.
What to do if bugs appear on potatoes during flowering
Often, gardeners are faced with the fact that when the potatoes begin to bloom, many beetles appear on it. The ideal option in such a case is the collection of insects by hand. With a large accumulation of pests, it is possible to treat potatoes during flowering only with biological preparations:
- Akarin;
- Bitoxibacillin;
- Bicol;
- Agravertin.
It is preferable to treat with the appearance of the pest in the larval stage. To achieve the maximum effect after 7 days, re-treatment is carried out using. For this they often use:
- Wood ash. 0.5 kg of raw materials are poured into 1 liter of water and brought to a boil. After a day, 50 g of laundry soap is added to the resulting infusion to enhance the fixing properties. The composition is adjusted to 10 liters of volume, after which they can be sprayed with plants from the Colorado potato beetle.
- . So that young potato shoots are not attacked by harmful insects, they must be sprayed with tobacco infusion. In 10 liters of water, 0.5 kg of dry tobacco is infused for a day, then laundry soap is added to the resulting composition.
- , which is prepared by mixing 10 liters of water with 100 g of raw materials.
- Infusions of various plants (walnut, poplar, wormwood, etc.).
Is it worth it to fight Colorado beetles after flowering potatoes
The question is whether processing is necessary chemicals after the inflorescences have fallen, is one of the frequently asked questions. Agronomists argue that during such a period, insect attacks no longer pose a serious danger to the aerial parts of plants, due to the fact that from that moment the tops begin to fade gradually, and all culture juices are directed to the development of tubers. And the use of pesticides, which subsequently accumulate in the tubers, will not bring benefits to human health.
