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How to get rid of pests on strawberries in the fall. Rules for processing strawberries in the fall from pests and diseases: mandatory procedures, advice from experienced summer residents. How to care for Victoria in the fall: pruning bushes

Autumn processing is a guarantee of a rich and high-quality harvest next season. Cut and remove old leaves, loosen and feed, cover plants on winter period- this is the basic care for strawberries. Autumn work with this culture, they begin after the fruiting phase.

Weeding and loosening

Rule of thumb for pruning: don't overdo it. Each bush needs to be cut directly by itself leaf blade, keeping the protruding stems. Thus, the growing point remains intact, and the bushes soon begin to let out new leaves. All tendrils from berry bushes also need to be removed.

top dressing

Fertilizing is another important step in how to care for strawberries in the fall. The plant responds well to organic nutrients: bird (chicken) droppings, horse manure, mullein or humus. Gardeners also often contribute (it replaces top dressing well).

Concerning mineral fertilizers, you can use superphosphate or potassium salt.

Important!It is highly undesirable to apply chlorine-containing substances as a fertilizer, since the strawberry plant reacts poorly to chlorine.

First, humus, or mullein are laid out in small pieces in all the beds. Rains and planned waterings will gradually dilute fertilizers, evaporating from them useful material and delivering them deep into the strawberry root system.

However, the bed method works much faster. For this purpose, fresh litter is dissolved in water in a ratio of 1:20 and thoroughly mixed. The resulting liquid is then poured under berry bushes. Consumption for 7-10 bushes is approximately 1 bucket of composition. In case of use mineral dressings they are scattered around the site, closing up with a chopper in the ground. Immediately it is necessary to water. So that after moistening the soil a crust does not form on its surface, the site is mulched or with needles. In the future, it will be possible to loosen the soil and water the plants through the layer.

Soil renewal

If you have a small land plot and from year to year you have to grow the same plant crop in one place, it is natural that the soil needs renewal (health). The causative agents of fungal diseases accumulate in the old earth, and the number of nutrients also decreases.

The whole secret of the renewal of the earth lies in the enhanced cultivation techniques. For example, you can form deep or raised beds by filling them with manure or compost. In such conditions, there is a partial replacement of the soil, microorganisms are intensively functioning, processing organic matter into new soil. In addition, berries are abundantly supplied with nutrients.
Plants can be protected from and thanks to a wellness treatment in autumn of the soil under strawberries. Do not forget also that the beds need to be mulched from time to time. The mulch will serve as a barrier to the penetration of infections on the aerial parts of strawberry plants.

Autumn transplant

For transplanting, take one- or two-year-old bushes, previously divided into parts. You can also use the shoots formed on the antennae. Transplantation is carried out, first of all, with the aim of rejuvenating the landing. For 3–4 years, berry bushes grow old, the number of flower stalks decreases, and the berries themselves become smaller.

It is carried out in the fall, since during this period the soil is more humid and warm, and the weather is cool. Start transplanting bushes in mid-August and finish in the first weeks of September. So you give the plant time to take root, take root and grow a good green mass.
Before winter, strawberries will leave strengthened and dressed in lush foliage. Most of the seedlings transplanted during this period easily endure the winter, and begin to bloom. Thus, an autumn transplant is the best answer to the question of how to prepare strawberries for winter.

Processing strawberries in the fall is one of the main stages of its cultivation. To an uninformed person it may seem that care is more important during the growing season. However, it is autumn processing perennials allows you to correct the mistakes made in spring and summer, as well as lay a solid foundation for a wonderful harvest next year.

This article will consider all the operations that are part of the autumn processing of strawberries, their details, timing, advice from experienced gardeners.

The main reason for autumn processing of strawberries is to increase the potential yield. Secondary reasons are concern for the health of plants, providing them with resources and protection.

In order for the harvest to be really successful, it is necessary to carry out the following operations every autumn after the end of fruiting:

• Watering plants;
• Trimming, getting rid of dead tissue;
• Treatment of plants from diseases and pests;
• Top dressing with organic and mineral fertilizers;
• Loosening the soil;
• Weeding beds from weeds;
• Transplantation and replacement of old plants with new ones;
• Soil renewal;
• Preparing plants for wintering.

If all these operations are performed in a timely manner and correctly, any strawberry garden is simply doomed to a bountiful harvest.

Right time

When planning the processing of strawberries in autumn period you need to understand that it is best to do this in August and September. Knowing about the time frame is good, but it is more important to be guided by the condition of the leaves and the plant as a whole.

Before wintering, all plants slow down the processes of vegetation and the creation of new shoots and leaves. Old leaves rarely survive until spring, drying up and freezing, which is why they are pruned in the fall.

Another important factor in choosing the timing of the processing is its implementation before the start of frost. This is important both in terms of vegetation (pruning) and in terms of preparing the beds for winter. Improper protection of plants in latitudes with negative temperatures can lead to their death in frost.

Weeding and loosening

These two fundamental operations in the cultivation of any crop are rather associated with summer time, however, autumn weeding has a long result and is of the greatest importance.

When weeding, all weeds are removed from the garden; the cleanliness of the site must be monitored regularly. The ideal solution will use mulch immediately after weeding, this significantly slows down the growth of new weeds. Can be used as mulch various materials: dry branches, sawdust and wood chips. After the last autumn weeding, the next one will be only in the spring.

Loosening of the earth is carried out for better access nutrients and air to plant roots. In the aisles, you can loosen with a shovel, but not deeper than 10 cm; closer to the strawberry bushes, it is better to loosen the soil using a scoop or chopper.

Important! When weeding and loosening, do not cover the growing point of plants with earth. This is especially true for strawberries, the shoots of which grow almost at ground level. But you can't bare the roots, open roots- the reason for the freezing of plants.

Pruning for health

There is a dispute between gardeners - is it necessary to cut strawberries for the winter or is it still not worth it? The correct answer is necessary, which is confirmed by many years of experience of enthusiasts.

There are two reasons for this:

The reasons are clear, but how to prune correctly without harming the plants? Do not use a scythe - it is too rough and inaccurate. The best assistant in this work will be a manual pruner.

It is necessary to carefully collect all the leaves of the bush in a bundle with one hand and cut them off with one gentle movement at a height of several centimeters from the point of growth. The treated plants after pruning will look like a bunch of green sticks. This is normal, even before the first frosts, small young leaves will appear, which will successfully endure the winter, and in the spring they will start to grow violently.

Important! All resulting pruning leaves must be taken away and burned. If any pests remained in them, they should not be given a chance to survive.

top dressing

Top dressing is called fertilization, it is carried out almost all year round, including in autumn.

Strawberries respond well to all types organic fertilizers:

• wood ash;
• Mullein;
• Horse dung;
• Humus;
• Chicken litter.

However, it will not refuse inorganic ones at all, it will be glad to potassium salts or superphosphate.

With top dressing you need to be very careful. Incorrect fertilizer concentration or incorrect application can be fatal to plants. Horse manure, mullein and humus can be applied to the ground during the formation new garden or spread in pieces between the bushes.

Rain or watering will deliver the necessary substances to the roots. Varieties such as Victoria, Temptation or Albion need to be fed every 2 weeks during fruiting right under the root.

With inorganic fertilizers and chicken manure, you need to be more careful, concentration is very important here. The correct composition ready-made fertilizer based on potassium and phosphates is usually written on the package, and chicken manure will have to be diluted by eye in water in a ratio of 1 to 20. It is better to let the fertilizer brew for several days, and apply one liter under each bush manually.

How to protect strawberries from diseases?

Strawberries are subject to quite a few diseases and pests. To save the crop, you need to know them all and be able to deal with them.

The list of major strawberry diseases includes:

1. Gray rot. Occurs under conditions high humidity, the causative agent is the fungus bioritis. It affects strawberries in all periods of the growing season. Berries and leaves are covered with dark gray spots, sometimes there is a fluffy coating. It is treated with Fitosporin M and Alirin B.
2. White and brown spotting(relatives of gray mold). They most often affect the leaves of the plant, its peduncles and petioles. treated with the same drugs as gray rot.
3. Late blight. This disease is of two types - chronic and transient. The difference between them is only in the rate of wilting and death of the plant. In the chronic form, the bush dies after 2-3 years from the moment of infection. Against late blight, drugs Glyocladin, Trichodermin, Trichocin or Planriz are used.
4. Powdery mildew. It is the scourge of strawberries in wet weather and dense plantings of bushes. It can be distinguished by white bloom on the leaves, they curl up at the same time. Plants are treated for powdery mildew preparations Alirin B and Baktofit;

Pests strawberries also have a lot, and these are not only insects:

All insect pests are best treated with insecticides, the use of which is strictly prohibited during the flowering season. Against snails and slugs, a preparation is used, which is placed on the ground between strawberry bushes.

Worst of all, if a nematode is found in the garden. In this case, quarantine is introduced, all affected plants are destroyed by burning, the land under them is cultivated, and subsequently it is necessary to monitor the plants growing in this place.

Weed control

Weeds are natural competitors to strawberry bushes, and their growth is very difficult to stop even with the help of herbicides, the application of which no sane gardener or gardener would recommend. The most reliable way to control weeds is regular weeding. You can process the bed both manually and with the help of a chopper.

To prevent re-growing of the beds with weeds, weeded areas are mulched, complicating access sunlight to the ground. This proven method is used by many strawberry gardeners.

A popular solution is planting strawberries on agrofiber or film. In this case, weeds have almost no chance. The choice of material depends on the climate and depth of occurrence. ground water. Agrofibre allows air and moisture to pass through, however, in terms of heat retention, the film shows the best results.

Proper watering in the fall

In autumn, after the end of fruiting, strawberry bushes are in a state of recovery, so good watering is the key to their well-being.

The correct way to water strawberries is to water under the root so that all the water is absorbed by the plants. The previously applied layer of mulch will not interfere with the access of water to the roots.

It is best to combine watering with the application of liquid organic fertilizers, performing two useful operations at once and providing plants with both water and nutrients.

Soil renewal

Any gardener at some point learns that it is wrong to grow a crop on the same plot of land for several years. This is explained by the fact that each plant consumes certain elements and substances from the soil, which greatly impoverishes it in these elements.

Other plants will feel just fine in this place, giving the opportunity to recover in the soil the content of substances that the first plant consumed.

When updating the soil, 2 techniques are used:

1. Deep beds. Every 2-3 years, long beds half a meter deep break out in the ground, in which the ground is thoroughly mixed with humus and other fertilizers. The finished bed, filled with renewed soil, is usually at ground level;
2. Raised beds. The soil preparation technology is no different from the previous version, but the beds are formed above ground level.

Transplant in autumn

Due to the peculiarities of strawberry vegetation, it must be replanted every 2-4 years. During this period, fruit-bearing bushes grow old, their productivity suffers greatly, the berries become smaller every year. The main reason for autumn transplants is plant rejuvenation.

The best time for transplanting is autumn, because at this time all processes in plants slow down, the earth is not yet frost-bound. Before the first frost, the transplanted plants have time to take root and even the first shoots.

Transplantation includes the following main steps:

1. Preparation of seedlings from your site or their purchase.
2. Proper preparation of beds, fertilizing them.
3. Forming holes for planting, it is best to keep a distance of 30 cm between them.
4. Watering the holes with water, planting seedlings in wet soil.
5. Checking the height of the growth point.

Wet soil is best sprinkled on top of dry earth.

Shelter for the winter

Properly covering strawberries in the fall for the winter means protecting them from low temperatures and save all plants until spring. Snow is the best way to keep plants from frost, but global warming is making its own adjustments and you can no longer rely on snow.

Experienced gardeners use artificial shelters, which are made from natural materials or from modern artificial surfaces.

The best natural protector of plants from frost is coniferous spruce branches. No straw or tops will protect the plant like spruce or pine branches. Rodents do not settle in them and they do not cake until spring.

Using artificial materials for shelter, you will definitely have to mount a frame made of rigid wire. This is necessary so that the material does not lie on the ground under its own weight, which will make its use meaningless.

Properly sheltered and reliably protected from the cold, strawberries will surely please their owner. delicious berries in summer.

I spent almost all of the previous summer fighting aphids in strawberry beds. A neighbor advised to treat the entire garden bed with ashes in the fall so that there would be no aphid invasion next season. In addition, I also carried out the rest of the mandatory autumn processing of the strawberry garden. This summer, my favorite strawberry was not attacked by any insect pest for the first time! And I was able to harvest a double crop of berries. In this article I will tell you how to properly prepare a berry garden for winter and how to treat it from common diseases and pests.

If, after picking berries, just throw strawberry patch until next spring, then pests can start under fallen or diseased leaves, and weak bushes in early spring pick up some disease, which then spread throughout the garden. Therefore, every autumn it is necessary to prepare the plants for the winter.

• Leaf cutting - Any diseased or old leaves must be cut off and thrown away. In parallel, it is desirable to cut off unnecessary antennae. The less excess there is, the easier it will be for strawberries to endure the winter. But if seedlings are required for the next season, then the antennae are not touched until spring.
• Pruning bushes - About this procedure, the opinion of gardeners is divided. Some advocate cutting the bushes so that the strawberries rest, while others believe that they should not be touched. Therefore, in this case, you can experiment by cutting off one half and leaving the other as it is. In the summer it will be possible to see in which half the harvest has increased.
• Weeding - Be sure to weed all the land from weeds so that next year their number will be reduced significantly. You need to pull out along with the roots, and then carefully loosen the ground.
• Transplant - Every three years it is necessary to update the bushes. To do this, transplant the first outlet with full leaves and roots. This procedure can be done not only in autumn, but also in spring.
• Top dressing - Of course, the most important top dressing- it's spring. But in the fall, it is also necessary to feed, but this should be done carefully, as there are substances that will prevent strawberries from hibernating normally. For example, nitrogen, which stimulates the growth of greenery on plants. It is enough to give a weak solution of chicken manure, dissolving one part in ten liters of water. It can be replaced with manure or humus. In extreme cases, sprinkle the entire soil with wood ash, which will not only fertilize the soil, but also protect it from insect pests.
• Shelter - In regions where winter is very changeable or frosty, the entire bed must be covered in any way: with dry raspberry branches, tops, spandbond, agrotex, spruce or pine needles. The main thing is that the material allows air to pass through. plastic film it is undesirable to cover, otherwise pathogenic bacteria can develop under it. For the same reason, experienced gardeners do not recommend using sawdust as mulching. Mulching with straw is fine, but keep in mind that mice can start in it, so you should install an ultrasonic rodent repeller or poison for them nearby.

The more carefully the processing is carried out in the fall, the easier it will be for the plant to bear fruit next season, and the gardener will be able to take a break from pest and disease control.

Diseases

The most common diseases in strawberries are: black and gray rot, brown and white spot, powdery mildew. Their appearance is easier to prevent than to cure. Therefore, every autumn it is imperative to spray the plants from a more common disease in this area or with which the greens are already infected.

powdery mildew

To protect the planting or get rid of this fungus, it is enough to treat everything with one of any drugs:

• Colloidal sulfur - In a ten-liter bucket warm water dissolve 100 grams of sulfur, mix well and water the entire soil.
• Copper sulfate - In a ten-liter bucket of liquid, dilute 5 grams of copper sulfate, then pour a piece of grated laundry soap. Mix everything well and spray the bushes in early autumn.
• Potassium permanganate solution - So many grains of potassium permanganate are dissolved in a bucket so that the water is light pink, after which the bushes are carefully sprayed. If you overdo it with the number of grains, then the leaves can get burned.
• Sulfaride - With its help, you can prevent the appearance of powdery mildew, for this, 2 tablespoons of this drug are dissolved in a bucket of water. Then, using a spray gun, all the leaves and stems of strawberries are processed.
• Topaz - This drug works very effectively and quickly. To do this, one ampoule of this drug is poured into a ten-liter bucket of warm liquid, after which all parts of the plant are sprayed. This procedure carried out in calm and cloudy weather.

Rot and spotting

You can get rid of these destructive diseases with the help of recipes:

• Nitrofen - With its help, you can not only protect plants from diseases, but also get rid of ticks, aphids. Processing is carried out in October, shortly before the onset of winter. To do this, about 150 grams of dark brown paste is diluted in a bucket of water. With this tool, not only plants are treated, but also the land around them. Then rot and spotting will not be able to take root here.
• Universal remedy - In a ten-liter bucket of warm water, dissolve two tablespoons of ash, vinegar, three tablespoons sunflower oil pour half a liter liquid soap. Stir well, spray not only plants, but also the ground around them.
• Copper oxychloride - It is sprayed after harvest. To do this, dissolve one tablespoon of copper oxychloride in a bucket of warm water.

insect pests

A lot of insects want to feast on sweet berries, delicious leaves and nectar from flowers. In large numbers, they are able to completely destroy the strawberry bush. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out autumn processing from them so that wintering insects or their larvae cannot survive the winter.

• Whitefly - From this small pest drugs will help to quickly get rid of: "Aktara" and "Intavir". Before use, they are dissolved in liquid in accordance with the instructions on the package.
• Weevils - Gardeners most often get rid of them with a decoction of wormwood. To do this, collect a kilogram of wormwood, boil in a four-liter saucepan of water for about ten minutes. Then dilute with five liters of liquid, add a little soap and spray all parts of the greens. Of the drugs work well: "Fitoverm", "Iskra-Bio", "Aktellik".
• Strawberry mite - Spraying with a solution of potassium permanganate will help get rid of such almost invisible insects. Only this solution should be light pink and hot. Potassium permanganate can be replaced blue vitriol, for this, 300 grams of this substance is diluted in a bucket of water. One of the folk remedies helps a lot effective tincture from garlic and onion husks. Only this husk is recommended to be infused in water for about five days. Then filter and spray. Minced garlic can be used in place of the husk.
• Nematoda - This is the most dangerous pest in the form of millimeter worms of a light brown color, from which the plant can no longer be saved, it remains only to pull out the bushes and burn it. In parallel with the infected, two neighboring healthy ones are pulled out and also burned. And the rest of the plants and the whole earth are treated with means: "Vitaros", "Urea", "Skor". Nothing has been planted on this land for about three years.
• Slugs and snails - They are first collected by hand so that not a single one remains on the leaves, then the soil around the plants is covered with ashes or spruce needles. Of the drugs, Metaldehyde is used, whose granules are laid out in small quantities next to the bushes.
• Aphids - It is best to get rid of a decoction of wood ash. To do this, 300 grams of ash is boiled in a two-liter saucepan for about half an hour, then filtered, diluted with a bucket of water. For best effect grated soap is added, then all the strawberries are already watered. Of the drugs, you can use "Nitrofen".
• Thrips - First, diseased greens are pulled out and burned away from the site, then the entire upper layer land in which larvae can accumulate. After that, everything is thoroughly watered with a decoction of chopped garlic or yarrow. Then the bed is covered with new earth.

Processing time

Before you start autumn processing, you must first take into account the variety of strawberries, as they bear fruit in different ways. Someone earlier, someone later, and someone even twice in a season. If fruiting lasts until the end of August, then processing is carried out somewhere in October. If the harvest ended in July, then it is processed at the end of August, without waiting for the air temperature to drop to zero. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to mulch for the winter berry culture lest she be weakened severe frosts or lack of snow.

Conclusion

The health and fruiting of strawberries during the next season depends on the correct autumn processing. Therefore, every autumn it is necessary to carry out the following mandatory procedures:

• Weed weeding.
• Cutting diseased leaves and bushes.
• Feeding with nutrients.
• Treatment for insect pests and diseases.
• Shelter for the winter.

Bushes can be transplanted in the spring. If possible, in the fight against pests and diseases, first of all, use folk remedies. If they do not work, then they are treated with drugs.

How to process strawberries in May from diseases? A solution of potassium permanganate helps a lot. And, in addition, you can make a solution of 20 g of zinc sulfate and a bucket of water (10 l), then spray the leaves and stems. But in the fall it is already required to process strawberries only after picking the berries.

Autumn is the time active work gardener. But the collection remontant strawberries in autumn it is often overshadowed by the fact that the berries are moldy and damaged. The reason for this is diseases and pests of strawberries and strawberries.

Strawberry care, diseases and pests, how to do prevention without chemicals? When all the berries are removed, the plantings need pruning, cover for the winter and watering. Also, loosening the earth can destroy pests and fungal spores in the soil. Processing strawberries in the fall from pests and diseases includes spraying with drugs, cutting off old and diseased leaves, manually collecting snails and tears, pulling out bushes when verticillium wilt is detected.

Terms of processing in the fall

Protection of strawberries from pests and diseases in the fall is carried out after picking all the berries. But the processing time varies depending on the variety. Ordinary varieties that bear fruit in summer are sprayed in September, and repair varieties - almost before the onset of winter. And for the winter, so that the bushes do not freeze, they are covered with spruce branches made of needles or lutrasil.

What are the pests and diseases of strawberries and their treatment? The main diseases and pests of strawberries and strawberries are:

1. Powdery mildew.
2. Late blight.
3. Cladosporiosis.
4. Gray rot.
5. Ramulariasis.
6. Brown spotting.
7. Verticillium wilt.
8. Leaf chlorosis.

Strawberries can be attacked by:

• nematode;
• whiteflies;
• strawberry and spider mites;
• strawberry leaf beetle;
• strawberry-raspberry weevil.

Strawberries, diseases and pests and their photos, we will consider in more detail later.

Strawberry diseases and preparations

powdery mildew

With her, the diseased strawberries become faded, the bushes dry up. A powdery coating appears, it looks like a thin cobweb. Specks are visible on the cobweb. These are fungal spores. The leaves become brownish, as if rusty. The foliage is deformed, the leaves curl up, then dry up. The berries become whitish, emit a musty smell, after which they turn brown and dry.

From powdery mildew, Sulfaride helps well. Pour 2 tbsp. spoons in a bucket clean water(10 l). Stir for 5 minutes, pour into a spray bottle and spray strawberries.

You can also apply a 1% solution of colloidal sulfur. Pour 100 g of sulfur into a bucket of warm clean water (10 l) and process the plantings.

Prepare a solution by pouring 1 ampoule of Topaz into a bucket of warm (+30 ⁰C) water (10 l). After spraying, the remedy helps against the disease for 14 days. Spray, picking up a day without wind and rain.

Pour 3 liters of clean water into a bucket, grate 200 g of laundry soap and pour into a bucket, add another 5 g of copper sulfate, stir gently, top up the bucket with water. Stir the resulting solution again for 5 minutes. Spray them with strawberries.

late blight

Late blight often occurs during heavy rains and high air temperatures. The disease is caused by fungi transmitted by zoospores. Late blight can be detected by grayish-brown spots on the leaves, they are covered with a coating that looks like a cobweb. The berries are bent, they become tasteless, brown spots appear, then the berries dry out.

Important! After picking the berries, the bushes are sprayed with solutions of Topaz, Euparen or Switch.

Gray rot

The berries are covered with a grayish fluff, they rot, gray clouds of spores fly around them. .

From gray rot, bushes are treated with "Fitosporin" or "Fito-plus". A 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture also helps (pour 1 teaspoon of Bordeaux liquid into 0.5 liters of water).

Cladosporiosis and ramulariasis

Brown spotting (cladosporiosis) appears as red-brick oval or rounded spots. First, when the disease appears, as it were, small opal marks appear along the edges of the foliage, then the spots become larger, dark pads are visible on top of them, these are myceliums. The whiskers are also covered with brick spots.

After the leaves turn completely red and dry out. Dark gray fluffy blotches are visible on the spots, these are spores of the fungus. Brown spotting appears due to constant precipitation or excessive watering, too dense plantings, if the area is overgrown with weeds.

White spotting (ramulariasis). This viral disease. The disease is recognized by brownish spots up to 1 cm in diameter on the stems and foliage, the spots are dotted with white dots.

How to treat strawberries for diseases? In September, water the bushes with Fitosporin or Zircon.

brown spotting

Brown spotting is the most dangerous. These are also brownish spots on the foliage, but with darker edges. When the disease occurs, spots appear on the edges of the leaves and along the main vein.

From gray rot, cladosporiosis, ramulariasis, brown spotting, copper oxychloride helps well. Pour in 1 tbsp. a spoonful of the substance in a bucket of warm water. Spray the bushes.

verticillium wilt

The disease is caused by a fungus. With it, the number of berries decreases, the bushes die. Bushes become infected with the disease through the roots. First, the mycelium penetrates the roots, and then spreads. First, the roots dry up, the bushes grow slowly, after it is seen that the leaves fall to the ground, they become yellowish-red.

Choose disease-resistant strawberry varieties for planting.

Chlorosis

Chlorosis usually appears due to a lack of certain trace elements, but it can also occur due to an infection that is introduced by pests from diseased bushes.

Due to the lack of iron, iron chlorosis occurs. The leaves turn yellow or whitish, although the veins retain their bright color. green tint. In this case, it is required to feed the bushes with iron.

With magnesium chlorosis, large leaves at the base of the bush, the edges turn yellow, then all the leaves turn yellow. It is necessary to fertilize strawberries with magnesium.

An excess of nitrogen can cause zinc chlorosis. It is manifested by the fact that reddish, orange or yellowish dots appear on the leaves.

Nitrogen chlorosis results in yellow veins on foliage. Then all the leaves turn yellow.

Pests and drugs against them

Nematode

In early autumn, carefully inspect the strawberries. If you see tiny worms with little or no color up to 1 mm long, then this is a nematode.

True, the nematode is very difficult to see, so its presence is determined by swelling on the stems or leaf veins. If the petioles become short and twisted, the foliage shrivels and falls off, swellings are found on the upper side of the foliage, then this is a nematode.

In these cases, remove the diseased bush from the ground and 2 more bushes nearby, burn them. In this area, you can plant a crop in 2-3 years.

Strawberry-raspberry weevil

These are small even bugs, their bodies are oblong, they are up to 2 mm long, covered with small hairs. Convex eyes are visible on the head.

Weevils lay their larvae in unopened buds. They eat the middle of the bud, then crawl into the soil and pupate. If you find punctures on the foliage, this means that the pest is drinking the juice from the plant. Treat strawberries with "Aktara", "Intavir", "Fitoverm" or "Iskra-bio".

whiteflies

These are small whitish butterflies, up to 1.5 mm long and 0.3 mm wide. They have two pairs of wings, and they have a coating that resembles wax. Butterflies are at the bottom of the foliage and suck out the juices. There they lay eggs, which hatch into flat, oval-shaped larvae with six legs.

Spray the strawberries from the whitefly with Aktara, prepare the working composition in the tank of the backpack sprayer. First, make a concentrated solution by dissolving 4 g of Aktara in 1 liter of warm water (+25 ⁰C) in a separate container. Then take ¼ of this and pour into the tank, that is, 250 g of a concentrated solution. Then pour water into the tank, filling it ¼. Close and shake the sprayer, then apply the compound. You can still process "Intavir". To do this, place 1 tablet of "Intavir" in 1 liter of water, mix until the tablet dissolves, then pour in another 9 liters of pure water.

strawberry leaf beetle

These are brown bugs, their bodies are 3–4 mm long. They eat leaves. They are destroyed by spraying strawberries with Nurell D, Sharpay, Karate and Zolon .

strawberry mite

These are transparent, very tiny insects. Females are up to 0.2 mm long, and males 0.13 mm. They are almost impossible to see. Young insects are transparent, after which they turn yellow or brown. If mites attack strawberries, the bushes will grow dwarfed. If pests are found, strawberries are sprayed with a 0.3% solution of Karbofos (pour 30 g of Karbofos into a bucket of water with a volume of 10 liters).

You can also spray the bushes with potassium permanganate, a 3% solution of copper sulfate (300 g of copper sulfate per 10 l bucket of water), a 4% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

spider mite

It is found by cobwebs on the bushes. The mites themselves are tiny, up to half a millimeter long, they are whitish. They are still visible by light dots on top of the leaves.

The culture is treated with colloidal sulfur, Apollo, Neoron, Karbofos, Phosbecid, these substances are poisonous. But you can also use the safe Fitoferm, pour 1 ampoule into 1 liter of water.

Aphid

Against aphids, you can treat strawberries with Nitrofen. You can also spray the bushes with a solution of iodine and water.

Snails and slugs

Snails and slugs are removed by hand from strawberries and destroyed. You can spread the Metaldehyde granules near the strawberries. How else to process strawberries from pests and diseases?

Nitrofen helps not only with scab, gray rot and spotting, but also eliminates aphids and mites. Pour 150 g of the composition into a bucket of warm water (10 l) and spray the crop, as well as the ground near it.

Fight "without chemistry"

To combat the strawberry mite, you can shed the bushes with a hot solution of potassium permanganate. An infusion of onion peel and garlic also helps. Collect 200 g of onion husks, pour into a bucket of warm water 10 l, leave for 5 days, then spray the culture. Or finely chop 200 g of garlic, pour into a bucket of clean water with a volume of 10 liters, stir, strain and spray the bushes.

From the weevil, a decoction of wormwood has proven itself well. Hang 1 kg of wormwood, pour into a saucepan, pour 4 liters of pure water, boil for 10 minutes, strain, pour in another 6 liters of pure water and add 50 g of soap for better adhesion to the leaves, spray the plants.

How to treat strawberries from pests and diseases?

Use iodine for strawberries from pests and diseases. In autumn, you can disinfect the soil in order to prevent the appearance of fungal diseases. The bushes are also treated to eliminate worms, aphids, beetle larvae.

Disinfection of the earth is carried out after processing the bushes, trimming the leaves. 15 drops of iodine are dripped into a bucket of water (10 l). This composition spills the soil and bushes. Iodine destroys pests that are going to spend the winter in the ground, diseased bushes lie.

If you find pests, then pour in 30 drops of iodine and pour 20 g of soap into a bucket of water (10 liters). Water the culture with this composition. True, it's not very effective remedy, much better destroys diseases and pests of strawberries infusion of onion peel, tobacco dust, infusion of wormwood.

Can do folk remedy, heat 3 tbsp. tablespoons of sunflower oil, pour into a bucket of warm clean water, mix with 2 tbsp. spoons of vinegar and 2 tbsp. spoons of ash, add 500 ml of liquid soap. Spray strawberries and the ground around them to help with scab, blotches and gray mold.

You can also use ash for strawberries from pests and diseases. They make a decoction of ashes, it perfectly resists aphids. To do this, carefully sift 300 g of wood ash, pour into a saucepan, pour boiling water, boil 25 minutes. Then strain and pour in another 10 liters of clean water. You can pour 50 g of soap. Pour the broth over the strawberry bushes.

Conclusion

So that you do not have to process strawberries from pests and diseases, pull out weeds in the fall, remove mustaches, cut off dry foliage, loosen the soil, and do water-charging watering.

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When growing strawberries, summer residents have to take special care and attention, because this crop is often attacked by pests and suffers from various diseases. Usually the fight against them is carried out after picking berries or in the spring. But it is much more efficient to process strawberry plantations in the fall. During this period, you can safely use potent and effective drugs without fear of spoiling the harvest.

After spending preventive treatment strawberry plantings from infection with pests and diseases since autumn, experienced gardeners increase crop yields. For the improvement of plants, it is important to complete all the planned activities and carry them out on time. But first, the preparatory work is being done.

Removing dried leaves

The leaves of strawberries and wild strawberries are the only organ by which photosynthesis is carried out. They grow constantly: to replace the old, dying leaves, the plant releases new ones. The most active growth of green mass is observed in spring and autumn. In summer, under the influence of high temperatures, the leaves grow more slowly. In winter, this process stops due to frost. At the same time, fungal diseases spread on old leaves, and young ones are often attacked by pests.

To prevent the spread of diseases and partially free strawberries from pests, the green mass is mowed. You can not do this too early, when the beneficial substances have not yet descended from the leaf plates into the stems. Late pruning causes poor-quality flower bud formation.

Correctly cut the leaves in the second half of August after they grow back.

Transplant and destruction

Strawberries are transplanted to a new place as needed. Usually, with quality care, the bushes grow well and give a rich harvest in one place for six years. Then the socket is dug up and moved to a new site.

If the plants are heavily infected with an infectious disease or pests, resort to extreme measures and completely destroy the strawberry plantings. The bushes are dug up and burned, and the soil is treated with copper preparations and lime for disinfection. Additionally, this area is left unplanted for a year. Then, for several years, green manure is grown on it.

Preventive measures

In order not to bother yourself with the treatment of diseases and the destruction of pests, it is necessary to carry out the prevention of infection in time. To do this, after cutting the leaves, the following activities are carried out:

• choose the right place for growing strawberries, taking into account which plants used to grow on this site;
• for cultivation, only completely healthy planting material is taken;
• fertilizers are applied on time and in the required quantity;
• periodically weed out;
• loosen the soil;
• to simplify care, grow strawberries in beds up to 50 cm wide.

Terms of autumn processing

Before processing strawberries in the fall from pests and diseases, they collect all the berries completely. Depending on the variety, the processing time is shifted. If strawberries bear fruit in summer, spraying is performed in September. For such processing is carried out in late autumn just before the onset of cold weather. Then the bushes are covered with lutrasil or coniferous spruce branches so that they do not freeze out in winter.

Pest control

Strawberries are among those plants that are very attractive to insect pests. Therefore, to obtain a high-quality crop, considerable efforts have to be made. The struggle will be the more successful the sooner it is started. And if you apply agricultural practices correctly, the risk of infection is reduced to a minimum.

whitefly

The whitefly is a tiny butterfly up to 1.5 mm in size. It has two pairs of whitish wings covered with a waxy coating. This insect lives on the underside of the leaves and sucks the juice out of them. In the same place, adults lay eggs, from which larvae later hatch. They also feed on plant sap.

To combat the whitefly, a solution of the drug "Aktara" is used. To begin with, dissolve 4 g of the drug in 1 liter of water heated to +25 degrees. Then pour 250 g of the concentrate into the container of the backpack sprayer and fill the container with water to 1/4 of the volume. After thoroughly mixing the solution, strawberries are sprayed in the fall.

As alternative use the drug "Intravir". 1 tablet of the substance is dissolved in 1 liter of water. Then the concentrated solution is diluted with 9 liters of pure water.

Ticks

It is almost impossible to see strawberry mites on a plant, since their length is only 0.2 mm, and their body is translucent with a yellowish or brown tint. Their invasion leads to the fact that the bushes grow to a dwarf size. To combat them, use a solution of "Karbofos" at a concentration of 0.3%. To prepare it, dissolve 30 g of the substance in 10 liters of water.

Spider mites are tiny insects up to 0.5 mm long with a whitish body. You can detect their presence by the web and light dots on the upper side of the leaves. To combat them, strawberries are treated with poisonous drugs "Apollo", "Phosbecid" or "Nero". They can be replaced with a safe Fitoferma solution prepared from 1 ampoule of the drug and 1 liter of water.

Weevil

Outwardly, weevils look like small black bugs with an oblong body up to 2 mm long and bulging eyes. They lay their eggs in unopened flowers, from where the larvae then appear and eat the middle of the bud. You can find them by punctures on the leaves. So, the insect drinks juice from them. To combat weevils, strawberry bushes are sprayed with Aktara, Iskra-bio or Intavir.

Weevils do the most damage to strawberries during the dry season.

Nematode

To detect nematodes, strawberry bushes are inspected in early September. At this time, small colorless worms up to 1 mm long often appear on the foliage. It is very difficult to detect them, so they pay attention to changes in the plant itself. A sign of the presence of nematodes are swelling on the stems and leaf plates, curvature and reduction of petioles.

Destroy the nematode chemicals or folk methods will not work. Infected plants are dug up and burned. The soil is disinfected by adding lime. In this area, plants cannot be grown during the year. And planting strawberries is prohibited for several years.

Grain and strawberry leaflet

The grain is a relatively large black beetle with a body length of 1 cm. This mobile insect feeds on strawberry seeds and eats away the pulp around them, which makes the berries look ugly.

Caterpillars of the strawberry leafworm can be recognized by the transparent web with which they entangle the leaves of plants. They prefer to eat the green part of strawberry bushes and sometimes berries.

To destroy these pests, the crop is treated in autumn with a hot solution of potassium permanganate. An infusion of onion peel. For its preparation, 200 g of raw materials are soaked in 10 liters of heated water and infused for 5 days, and then the bushes are sprayed.

Helps against pests and diseases processing berries in the fall with an infusion of garlic. To do this, grind 200 g of a vegetable and pour 10 liters of water for 3 hours, and then the plants are treated.

Other pests

Brown bugs up to 4 mm long are strawberry leaf beetles. They settle on the leaves of strawberry bushes and devour them. Aphids settle there. from these pests comes down to spraying with an aqueous solution of iodine, Nitrofen or Nurell-D preparations.

Slugs and snails that eat strawberries are hand-picked and then destroyed. You can scare them away by spreading granules of the drug "Metaldehyde" next to the plants.

Disease control

A universal way to get rid of many strawberry diseases is the treatment with copper sulphate. To do this, prepare a solution by mixing 10 liters of water and 3 g of blue crystals. Plants are sprayed with this liquid and then covered to keep them in winter frosts.

It also helps to treat the crop in the fall from pests and diseases. soapy water the same preparation of copper. It is prepared from 3 liters of boiled cooled water, 5 g of the substance and 200 g of grated laundry soap. Having thoroughly mixed everything, the liquid is poured into a spray bottle and the plantings are processed.

Gray rot

This disease is characterized by the appearance of a grayish fluff on the berries. From this, they rot and become covered with gray pale flying out of the spores. You can fight gray rot with Fito-plus or Fitosporin preparations. They are diluted and used according to the instructions on the package. A solution of 1 liter of water and 1 tsp also helps. Bordeaux liquid who need to spray the plants.

powdery mildew

This disease is manifested by a thin, cobweb-like bloom on the surface of the leaves. They are covered with rusty spots, deformed and twisted up. The berries are covered with a whitish bloom with a musty smell, and then dry out.

The drug "Sulfarid" helps to cope with this disease. In 10 liters of pure water, dilute 2 tbsp. l. of this agent and treat infected plants.

White, brown and brown spotting

When infected with brown spot or cladosporiosis, the plant is covered with rounded brick-red spots. First, spots appear along the edges of the leaf plates. Then they grow and become covered with dark pads of mycelium. The cause of this disease is abundant moisture, weeds or dense plantings.

You can recognize white spotting or ramulariasis by small round brown spots with white dots. They cover stems and leaves.

The greatest danger is brown spotting in the form of brown spots with a dark border. Usually they concentrate on the main leaf vein and on its edges.

You can get rid of these diseases by watering the bushes in early autumn with a solution of the Fitosporin preparation. Zircon also works well. Effectively eliminates all types of spotting copper oxychloride. In a bucket of heated water, dilute 1 tbsp. l. the drug and process the landing.

Black root rot and viruses

In plants infected with black root rot, the lower tier of foliage first acquires a brown color, and then dries up and dies. Sick bushes come out of the soil without any effort. Upon closer examination of the root system, cracking of the main tap root is visible. Young roots of such plants die.

Virus infection manifests itself in different ways. In spring, the leaves become curly, and in autumn they become yellow at the edges. In summer, a mosaic virus rages, provoking the appearance of yellow spots on the leaves.

Currently, treatment of such diseases is not possible. Therefore, plants infected with black rot and viruses are destroyed.

late blight

This disease is caused by frequent rains and heat air. Late blight is manifested by small spots of gray-brown color on the surface of leaf plates. At the same time, the fruits are deformed, lose their taste, and then completely dry out, covered with brown spots. To eliminate this disease, after harvesting, the berries are sprayed with Switch, Euparen or Topaz.

verticella wilt

This fungal disease, which is expressed by a decrease in yield and the gradual death of the bush. Infection occurs through root system into which the mycelium penetrates. This causes the roots to dry out and slow growth. Then the leaves acquire a red-yellow hue and fall down. The fight against this disease comes down to the destruction of infected plants.

Chlorosis

The cause of this disease is the lack of certain elements. What kind of substance a plant lacks can be judged by appearance. With iron deficiency, the foliage becomes whitish or yellow, but the veins retain their natural color. In this case, the bushes need to be watered iron vitriol autumn.