How to properly spray cucumbers. How and with what to spray cucumbers from diseases? Rules for foliar feeding
In order to ensure a large yield of cucumbers, to keep most of the ovary on the bushes, to organize amicable ripening of fruits and to protect plants from diseases, during the growing season it is necessary to spray the leaves and stems with solutions of mineral and organic compounds. Having figured out in advance how and what to spray cucumbers during growing season, you can save a lot of time and effort.
How to spray cucumbers from diseases
To counter the spread of diseases, you should start fighting them at an early stage.
Source: Depositphotos
Regular processing is more reliable than spraying cucumbers after the development of the disease
The main diseases of cucumbers and means of combating them:
- Powdery mildew. It appears as dots or dull white (gray) spots on the leaves. It is neutralized with a solution of copper oxychloride or preparations "Arceride", "Homecin", "Polycarbacin".
- Peronosporosis. Yellow spots of an angular shape, covered with a whitish coating on the back of the leaf, gradually drying out the leaf. Preliminary measures are important for the fight - spraying still healthy cucumbers over dew with a solution of soda and liquid soap. Soda - 25 g, soap - 5 g, water - 5 l. In the initial phase - treatment with fungicides: "Oksihom", "Kurzat", "Ridomil".
- Gray rot. The ovary, fruits and edges of young leaves are affected. It is necessary to reduce the watering of the plant and treat with the preparations "Kvadris", "Rovral" or "Strobi".
- Olive blotch. It appears as light brown spots that gradually darken and dry out the leaf. Treated with 1% solution Bordeaux liquid or the drug "Oxyx" - 20 g per 10 liters of water.
Regardless of the nature of the disease, it is necessary to remove the affected parts of the plant in a timely manner and burn them.
The same effect is achieved by processing the mixture laundry soap 20–30 g, 1 liter of milk, 30 drops of iodine solution in a bucket of water. Processing is done every 10 days.
How to spray cucumbers for the ovary
In order for young leaves to successfully form and quickly gain mass, flowers appear, and the ovary does not fall off, the plant needs a regular supply of boron or phytohormones - Epin, Zircon.
A 0.05% solution of boric acid is applied from a spray bottle every two weeks to young parts of the plant. Factory preparations are diluted according to the instructions.
Take action in time, and cucumbers will delight you with a rich harvest.
Having made the decision to grow, it does not matter at all for yourself or for sale, it is important to remember that it is better to prevent problems from arising than to deal with the consequences later. Knowledge of agricultural practices and correct processing cucumbers from diseases will help even novice gardeners get the desired harvest.
Iodine treatment
Processing cucumbers with iodine allows you to cope with the following problems without the use of chemicals:
- . Such pathogens live in the soil with high level humidity. They are manifested by darkening of the roots, yellowing of the leaves and flying around the ovaries. They fight it with the help of pharmaceutical iodine, which is diluted with water (1: 2) and the stems above 20 cm from the surface of the earth are lubricated with the resulting solution. Repeat the procedure several times.
- . Similar problems are eliminated with a solution of 10 drops of iodine and 1 liter of milk. The listed components are mixed in a bucket of water. The resulting composition is abundantly sprayed with cucumbers and the soil under them.
- Take cloves in a volume that fits in a liter jar. Combine them with 0.5 l of purified vegetable oil and 30 ml of liquid soap. Garlic is pre-crushed thoroughly. The resulting composition is insisted for 24 hours, filtered after the expiration. For spraying, take 20 ml of the prepared solution and dilute them in 500 ml of water. Thoroughly mix and treat diseased plants. In order not to harm the plants, it is important to strictly observe the concentration.
- The second recipe consists of the same amount of garlic, 1 liter of water and 15 g of soap. Garlic is passed through a meat grinder, poured into a 2-liter jar, the rest of the container is poured with water. Then, closed, stored in dark place 12 days. After the expiration of time, filter and use as directed. Before use, the resulting composition is diluted with water, a small piece of soap is added. For the correct concentration, 50 ml of garlic infusion is diluted in a bucket of water. All thoroughly shake and spray the plants.
Use of wood ash
It is a natural alkali, which has not only fertilizer functions, but is also capable of killing harmful microorganisms and. Ash is a great helper in the fight against different types spotting of cucumbers, which appear as a result of the multiplication of bacteria. 
For prevention, it is recommended early stages For the development of microorganisms, sprinkle a little leaves of plants with a solution of ash. A similar solution and iodine for cucumbers will help slow down the development of powdery mildew, which leads to the appearance of spots and white bloom on the leaves. In addition, all this will avoid the intervention of chemicals.
To improve the adhesion of the drug, you can add laundry soap to the solution, 50 g of soap is enough for a bucket of water. top dressing increases the resistance of cucumbers to. In order to scare away and impede their movement, the soil is treated with ash or a mixture of this substance with tobacco dust.
Spraying with garlic
Infusion of garlic is effective not only against aphids, but also other pests. 
A similar solution can be prepared in two recipes:
Important! To get a good and high-quality harvest, even an unpretentious cucumber needs help. Do it with folk recipes or chemical elements- you decide.
Milk serum
When plants begin to hurt during the harvest period, chemistry cannot be applied. At this time, in addition to iodine, cucumbers are also treated with milk and products of its processing, for example, whey. It contains monoacid bacteria, which suppress the activity of pathogens of fungal diseases and saturate plants with useful substances. 
Therapeutic composition, which is formed on the leaves of plants in the form thin film protects them from the ingress of fungal microorganisms. However, the disadvantage of this tool is the short duration of the effect, so you need to regularly treat the plants. Professionals recommend planning processing for July, since it is at this time that they are most vulnerable. Serum should not be used undiluted. 
Before use, it must be diluted in the same amount with water. room temperature. Then the composition is heated to 25 ° C and cucumbers are sprayed. Additionally, you can add laundry soap, this will help improve the adhesion of the product to the leaves.
Fertilizing plants with mullein solution
With the defeat of powdery mildew, which manifests itself in the form of a grayish coating on the entire bush and gradually leads to its death. The first manifestations of the disease can be removed by processing environmentally pure fertilizer- infusion of mullein. 
It is prepared in several ways:
Take a certain amount of fresh water and pour the same amount of water. They insist for a day, after the time has elapsed, they are re-diluted already in a ratio of 1:10. Mix thoroughly and ready composition water the aisles at the rate of 10 liters of fertilizer per 1 m2. Use slurry and combine it with water in a ratio of 1:4. Leave in a warm place for 7 days. Then add more water in the amount of 3 servings and feed. 
Important! An additional benefit of manure is to obtain heat, which will be released from the overheating of manure. This will positively affect the growth of crops.
Iodine and Zelenka
Cucumbers used to be often treated with brilliant green and iodine. Useful qualities antiseptics are manifested due to the copper compound that is present in the composition. A solution based on iodine and brilliant green is prepared as follows: 10 ml of brilliant green is added to a bucket of water. 
The appearance on the site of painful cucumbers, in which yellowing of the leaves is observed, is caused by the invasion of pests and the development of ailments in this crop. How to spray cucumbers to avoid such problems, read below.
Let's say you seriously approached the stages of cultivation in the garden of cucumbers: you picked up a quality planting material, introduced the necessary fertilizers into the soil, made sure that the plant received moisture and sunlight in sufficient measure. However, at a certain stage in the cultivation of agriculture, you suddenly notice the appearance of brown, brown or yellow spots on the leaves. In addition, green specimens generally look frail, drooping, and the leaves curl and dry.
What and how to spray
Chemical liquids
Spraying cucumbers with chemicals - effective method control of diseases and insects. And there is something to get rid of. Among the common diseases that threaten the integrity of cucumber shoots, peronosporosis, powdery mildew, white and root rot, etc. can be distinguished. You can prevent the death of your crop using the following chemical compounds:
- a solution of soda ash, in which grated soap can be added to enhance the effect;
- Bordeaux liquid;
- iron sulphate powder;
- colloidal sulfur. This tool is effective only if you spray cucumber bushes with it systematically, at least once a week.
How to spray cucumbers from aphids and other pests and diseases? Of course, purchased chemicals are much more effective in combating them, but this is not always the most a budget option. In addition, many gardeners believe that such products have a detrimental effect on the development of plants, as they saturate them with toxins. Alternative chemicals available - this is the use of home formulations for spraying cucumber bushes.
Among the most common folk remedies are the following:
- dissolve a little laundry soap, milk and iodine in water. It is advisable to spray the bushes with the resulting mixture every 10 days;
- half of gray bread can be soaked in water, then add 20 ml of iodine there. Immediately before using the composition, dilute it with 1 liter of water;
- spraying cucumbers with milk, or rather whey, is considered quite effective. 2 liters of whey mixed with 1 tbsp. l. sugar and 10 liters of water. Such a tool will help you rid your cucumber plants of the fungus. In addition, this mixture contributes to the active formation of the ovary. How exactly to use it depends on your preferences. The mixture is used both for watering cucumbers and for spraying them;
- decoction of onion peel also often used for agricultural processing. The mixture must first be infused, after which it can be sprayed and watered with cucumber bushes.
Precautionary measures
Whatever formulations for processing cucumbers you prefer - chemical or folk - you must adhere to the exact dosages. If you work with chemicals, try to protect yourself as well (gloves on your hands must be present, otherwise you can even get burned). Timely spray cucumber shoots from diseases and pests, and then you will definitely reap a generous harvest.
Video "Spraying cucumbers"
From this video you will learn how to deal with diseases of cucumbers.
Hardly to be found garden plot, which does not have at least a few cucumber bushes. But cucumbers, no matter in open ground or in a greenhouse, are often affected by pests. There are simple preventive measures to help minimize the risk of infection. If it was still not possible to avoid this, then you need to be able to identify specific symptoms and know what to do in each specific case.
Since cucumbers are more than 90% water, it is easy to guess that they need frequent and plentiful watering. High air humidity combined with elevated temperature, as well as the closed space of the greenhouse, is an ideal "incubator" for many pathogenic fungi, viruses and bacteria that often attack bushes and crops. But this is not the only misfortune that plants can suffer from. Cucumbers are a favorite delicacy for many insects. And although many modern hybrids have protection against at least some diseases at the genetic level, breeders are not yet able to save them from pest attacks. If measures are not taken in time, it is quite possible to lose a significant part or all of the crop.
Not a single breeder is able to protect cucumbers from pests yet
Often, gardeners themselves unwittingly contribute to the appearance of pests. The risk of infection is greatly increased when:
Cucumbers are to the taste of many "universal" pests that do not disdain most plantings in the garden.
Slugs
These pests are fairly easy to identify. Despite the fact that they are mainly nocturnal, slugs leave characteristic traces in the form of through holes in fruits and traces of a sticky, viscous liquid that shimmers silver in the sun. I don’t want to eat such cucumbers (and other fruits spoiled by them).
Slugs are relatively easy to deal with. Since they do not differ in speed of movement and ability to mimicry, manual collection of pests is quite effective. The procedure is best done in the early morning when they are least active.
You can create an almost impassable barrier for pests by surrounding cucumber bushes with several rings of sand, wood ash, soda ash, spruce needles, ground eggshells, and so on. The delicate body of slugs does not have even minimal protection.
Very efficient and homemade traps. Deep containers are dug into the ground, the upper edge of which should be flush with the soil. They are filled with sugar syrup, jam, beer. Slugs are well caught on cabbage leaves or grapefruit cut in half.
There are also special preparations - Meta, Thunderstorm, Slug Eater. But it is worth remembering that it is forbidden to use any chemicals during fruiting and at least 20 days before the expected harvest, it is undesirable - during flowering and the formation of ovaries. This does not apply to biological products, the effects of which disappear in 2-3 days.
Slugs leave traces of a sticky, shiny liquid on cucumbers.
whitefly
Whiteflies look like moths - these small whitish, yellowish or grayish butterflies stick around the leaves of cucumber bushes from the inside, rising into the air in a cloud at the slightest touch to the plant. Most often they suffer greenhouse cucumbers. Whitefly larvae feed on plant sap, and adults are carriers of many bacteria and viruses that are dangerous to them, such as cucumber mosaic.
The hardest part is keeping the whiteflies out of the greenhouse. To do this, the windows and doors are curtained with a mesh with small cells or ordinary gauze. If it was not possible to avoid the appearance of pests, they hang them next to the plantings. sticky tape for catching flies or homemade traps. For some reason, the whitefly is very partial to yellow. This feature of it is used by smearing pieces of cardboard with some kind of adhesive substance.
Guaranteed to attract attention landed on cucumber patch tobacco. Then these bushes can be treated with a suitable insecticide - Actellik, Aktara, Fitoverm.
Whitefly mainly affects cucumbers growing in greenhouses and hotbeds.
gall nematode
The females of these worms lay their eggs in the soil. The larvae choose the roots as their habitat - characteristic spherical swellings appear on them different sizes. Then they turn brown, unnaturally thicken, become brittle. If for a long time do not change the soil in the garden or in the greenhouse, any crops grown on it will suffer from the mass reproduction of nematodes. They are especially dangerous for cucumbers with their not too developed root system. The situation is aggravated by the fact that it is almost impossible to notice the appearance of nematodes in a timely manner. Their presence becomes apparent only when many plants have already been affected. That's why Special attention focus on prevention:
Cucumber roots affected by gall nematode look completely unnatural
The wireworm, also known as the larva of the click beetle, can most often be found on beds with potatoes and carrots. But if there is an active fight with him, he may well switch to cucumbers. Omnivorous larvae destroy the planted seeds, gnaw the roots.
As part of the fight against wireworms in late spring and early summer, as well as in autumn, the soil is deeply loosened in the beds, at the same time introducing slaked lime, dolomite flour, wood ash, crushed chalk, powdered eggshell. All this neutralizes hyperacidity soil. It is in such soil that the wireworm feels best.
He also does not like high nitrogen content. But it is not recommended to get involved in fertilizers, which include this macronutrient. This goes to the detriment of the future harvest. It is better to plant any legumes next to cucumbers.
For prevention, 0.5 liters of a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate are poured into the wells prepared for planting seeds or seedlings. And cut potatoes or carrots are buried in the ground to a depth of 15–20 cm. After 2-3 days, the root crop must be removed (for this, a long stick is first stuck into it) and the larvae must be collected.
The wireworm's favorite crops are potatoes and carrots, but it may well switch to cucumbers.
Enough large insect Feels most comfortable in nutritious, well-moistened soil. It is this soil that is provided to cucumbers in greenhouses and greenhouses. Medvedki live mainly underground, in the process of moving, they gnaw through all the roots that come across along the way.
They can be dealt with mechanical methods without resorting to hazardous chemicals. Effectively deep digging of the soil in spring and autumn, manual collection of pests, pouring vegetable oil or soap solution into the tunnels found underground. You can also build traps - containers with water, corn or millet porridge. Marigolds are planted in a greenhouse or in a garden mixed with cucumbers - the bears do not like their sharp aroma very much.
In the process of movement, the bear gnaws through any roots that come across in its path.
thrips
Thrips are small sucking insects. Adult individuals are painted black, have the shape of an elongated ellipse with pointed ends. Pests are dangerous because at the same time insects are present on the plant. different stages development.
They are easily identified by beige-silver "scratches" and blurry yellowish or almost colorless spots on the underside of the sheet. Sticky traps are effective against adults, but not yellow, but of blue color. Regular weeding is also very important. For prevention, cucumber bushes are sprayed with infusions of garlic, onions, any sharp-smelling herbs, orange peel. In the absence of effect, insecticides are used - Aktar, Fury, Calypso, Inta-Vir.
Thrips are easy to recognize but hard to get rid of.
Of course, the list of pests dangerous for cucumbers is not limited to this. The most common are the following.
Video: pests typical of cucumbers
How to spray from melon aphids
Aphids are small yellowish or dark green insects that cover the underside of leaves, buds, fruit ovaries, and the tops of young shoots with whole colonies. They feed on plant sap. As a result, the leaves wrinkle, deform, the buds fall off. The cucumber bush practically stops growing, then dries and dies. Aphids are dangerous not only in themselves - they carry many dangerous microorganisms, for example, soot fungus.
melon aphid- a pest that is very easy to spot
If the problem is noticed in a timely manner, when the aphids are still a little, you can simply wash it off the bush by pouring water over the cucumbers from the hose with a stream of water under strong pressure. If not technical feasibility, the leaves are simply wiped with soapy foam.
Melon aphid in a dense layer sticks to young cucumber leaves
Processing cucumbers from aphids with folk remedies
Folk remedies are good mainly for the prevention of aphids. Cucumbers growing in a greenhouse are sprayed with appropriate solutions every 7–10 days, in open ground - after each rain. Any product with a strong pungent odor will do. He is very unpleasant.
Infusion of onion peel, like other remedies with pungent odors - effective remedy against melon aphid
Other methods of struggle
If time is lost, and the pest has bred en masse, the most affected leaves and whole lashes are cut off and burned as quickly as possible. The remaining plants in the greenhouse are fumigated with sulfur bombs, in the open field they are sprayed with a solution of Karbofos (50 g per 10 l of water) or dusted with colloidal sulfur powder.
When there is no effect, insecticides are used. Against aphids, mainly broad-spectrum preparations are used - Inta-Vir, Fitoverm, Aktar, Confidor, Fufanon, Karate. Biological preparations cause less harm to plants - Biotlin, Iskra-Bio, Strela (fruits can be eaten 2-3 days after spraying). The plant treatment solution is prepared in strict accordance with the instructions given by the manufacturer in the instructions. The procedure is repeated every 4-7 days until the pest is completely destroyed. It is advisable to change the drugs in this case.
Herbs are a good defense against aphids. You can surround the beds or plant basil, coriander, lemon balm, mint, dill mixed with bushes. Dope and henbane will also help, but they are very poisonous. Most of these plants are good honey plants and attract natural enemies of aphids to the garden - ladybugs. By the way, if you wish, you can simply collect them somewhere and release them into a greenhouse or garden beds.
Inta-Vir is one of the most common broad-spectrum insecticides.
Do not forget that aphids live in a stable symbiosis with ants. The latter will also have to be fought. From the anthills found next to the bed, they remove upper layer earth (5–7 cm) and sprinkle the soil with soda ash, mustard, hot pepper, boric acid or spill the soil with a solution of special preparations, for example, Anteater or ordinary boiling water.
Video: measures to combat aphids in the garden
Spider mite - dangerous garden pest that affects most plants. They themselves are almost invisible, but thin, translucent cobwebs, braiding leaf petioles, buds and tops of shoots, are striking. The spider mite feeds on plant sap, so the affected parts quickly turn yellow, dry and die. At first, only small yellowish or translucent spots are visible on them. It also spreads a fungus that causes a very dangerous disease - gray rot.
It is quite difficult to notice the spider mite itself with the naked eye, but the traces of its vital activity are clearly visible.
The pest feels best in a dry, hot climate, so they create unacceptable conditions for it in the greenhouse by increasing the humidity of the air and regularly ventilating the room.
Affected spider mite plants quickly turn yellow and dry out
Prevention and control at an early stage
It is impossible to cope with spider mites with folk remedies. Onion, garlic, pepper infusions are used mainly for prevention. Plants are treated every 5-12 days. It depends on how hot it is outside. The warmer it is, the more intensively spider mites multiply. You can also place several containers with kerosene, turpentine, acetic acid in the greenhouse. If cucumbers grow in open ground, this method is less effective.
When a tick is detected in time, spraying with 3% hydrogen peroxide (40 ml per liter of water) may help, or ammonia(5-7 ml per liter). The leaves of diseased plants are dusted with tobacco dust, colloidal sulfur or sifted wood ash. The following herbs are also quite effective:
Cucumbers are processed with prepared decoctions and infusions using a drip irrigation system. Cannot be processed under bright sun, best time for her - early morning or late evening.
Datura is a fairly effective remedy for spider mites, but it is a strong poison for people and pets.
Experienced gardeners advise planting tomatoes and cabbage mixed with cucumbers.
In the event of a massive invasion
The spider mite is not an insect, so insecticides to combat it general action won't fit. It is necessary to use special preparations - acaricides (Akarin, Agravertin, Floromite, Apollo, Sunmite). There are also less dangerous means biological origin - Vertimek, Kleshchevit, Fitoverm. The spider mite develops immunity very quickly, so it is advisable to use a new remedy for each subsequent treatment. Before the procedure, cucumber bushes must be cleaned of the cobwebs on them. She retains drops of water, preventing them from getting on the plant itself.
The first time after wintering, spider mite larvae live on weeds, so weeding should be given special attention. It is best to cut and burn the affected leaves immediately, and fumigate the greenhouse or garden bed for prevention with sulfur checkers or sprinkle the soil with colloidal sulfur.
Antiklesch - one of the safest acaricides
The safest means of dealing with spider mites for the future crop and ecology is its natural enemy. Phytosailus mites are released onto the beds or into greenhouses next to the affected plants. It is very effective in destroying pest egg clutches. It is desirable to increase the population of "helpers" every 20-25 days.
Video: fighting spider mites on cucumbers
How to treat cruciferous (black) flea
The cruciferous flea is a small (up to 3 mm) bug of black color and rounded shape, most often with a glossy shiny shell that shimmers in green or blue. Pests are active already in the middle of spring, when the air temperature rises to 12-15ºС. The larvae are not particularly picky, feeding on roots and greens. The leaves quickly turn into a sieve and dry.
The black flea is easily identified by its long legs.
The main thing in the fight against cruciferous flea- correctly calculate the time. Early varieties of cucumbers are planted as early as possible (in April), late-ripening - later (in the second decade of July). Thus, until the beginning of May or mid-August, when the mass appearance of these insects is noted, cucumber bushes will have time not only to grow, but also to “roughen” slightly. The pest prefers young soft leaves, so there is every chance that the flea will “pass by”.
The black flea got its official name due to the fact that, before the availability of more suitable food, it feeds on weeds from the Cruciferous family (colza, shepherd's purse, wild radish). Therefore, you need to regularly weed the beds. Any covering material - spunbond, lutrasil, agrospan - will also be effective protection. It is desirable to pull it on arcs and remove it when the bushes are strong enough.
Black flea turns cucumber leaves into a real sieve
The black flea is very sensitive to strong odors. Therefore, cucumbers in the greenhouse and in the open field alternate with dill, garlic, basil, coriander. The beds are surrounded by a "barrier" of marigolds, nasturtiums, calendula, wormwood.
Folk remedies
The experience of many gardeners shows that the black flea rarely attacks "dirty" plants. Therefore, cucumber bushes, especially young ones, are regularly sprinkled with crushed chalk or activated carbon, sifted wood ash, tobacco dust, hot pepper. The powder is poured into a gauze bag and shaken over the plants. It is best to carry out the procedure early in the morning when the leaves are still damp. In the grooves between the bushes, naphthalene is scattered in moderation.
For spraying, solutions of the following agents are used:
Infusion of chicken manure is not only an effective remedy against black flea, but also useful top dressing
You can also hang “flags” made of cloth smeared with something sticky next to the bushes. In the very heat, it is useful to walk along the beds with such a trap, swinging it so as to touch the leaves. Disturbed insects, jumping in different directions, stick to the fabric.
Even to combat the black flea, it is recommended to use used engine oil (they lubricate pieces of plywood or cardboard, leave them in the aisles) or a conventional vacuum cleaner. Early in the morning, when the pests are least active, they can walk through the plants. Flea shampoo intended for pets (50 ml per 10 liters of water) is also successfully used.
Proper care is important. Cucumbers need abundant watering (the black flea does not like high humidity), correct top dressing(nitrogen-containing fertilizers are needed - natural organics, ammonium nitrate, urea), regular loosening of the beds.
Insecticides to combat the black flea are used only in mass attacks of insects. Most of them (for example, Lightning, Decis) are quite toxic and destroy not only pests, but also young cucumber seedlings. Arrivo, Aktara, Sherpa are the safest for humans. Treatments are carried out in the late evening, when fleas accumulate on the leaves.
Insecticides against black flea are used only as a last resort.
Preventive measures
Often attacks harmful insects on cucumber beds become possible thanks to the gardener himself. Most often, this is facilitated by mistakes made in care. Complex of simple preventive measures help to minimize the risk of infection:
Compliance with the recommendations for the care of cucumbers is an important preventive measure that effectively prevents the appearance of pests.
During the season, cucumbers can be sprayed for prevention. The procedure is carried out approximately once a week. If they grow in open ground - after each rain. Most often used folk remedies- they can be used without restrictions, the crop will not suffer in any way. To enhance the effect, ready solution add a little shavings of household or green potassium soap - this way it “sticks” to plants better.
Infusion of wood ash - one hundred percent natural fertilizer, a source of potassium and phosphorus
Prevention in the cucumber garden is carried out throughout the gardening season. It begins in April with the preparation of soil and seeds. In May, work begins in greenhouses and greenhouses to ensure an optimal microclimate, the soil must be disinfected before planting. Further prevention is to follow the recommendations for caring for plants.
If breeders can protect new hybrids of cucumbers from some pathogenic fungi, viruses and bacteria, then they are still unable to do anything against insect pests. However, a set of simple preventive measures helps to minimize the risk of infection. If it was not possible to avoid them, nothing irreparable has yet happened. The main thing is to correctly identify the problem, start dealing with it in time and competently. In this case, the crop may well be saved.
Cucumbers are perfectly cultivated in almost all regions of our country. They are grown even on the windowsill. Fresh aroma and delicate taste complements many dishes. However, not every gardener can boast of a generous harvest; there are many diseases that significantly reduce the fruiting of a plant. Armed with knowledge, it is quite possible to cope with any threats and diseases of cucumbers.
This article will focus on diseases of cucumbers. Having information about the signs of a particular infection, you can react faster, thereby localizing the problem at the initial stage.
Procrastination and wrong actions lead to irreversible results - most of the crop dies.
The fight against disease begins since autumn when it's time to prepare the garden for next season. The quality of soil cleaning from plant residues forms the basis of the future harvest.
In addition to observing the rules of agricultural technology, it is important to regularly examine the plants, committing any changes. According to the condition of the leaves, inflorescences and fruits, it is possible to make a diagnosis and take priority measures to localize the affected area.
Brown olive spot (cladosporiosis)
fungal disease transmitted to healthy plants from plant residues or due to a sharp temperature drop. The development of the fungus is also noted from watering the beds. cold water with the help of rainfall.
The first signs can be found on leaves and cuttings in the form brown oily spots. Later, fruits become covered with spotting, penetrating sores change their dark color to light.
When transplanting seedlings early varieties or growing a crop from seeds should protect the beds with a film or other material to protect against low temperatures. If the region's climate is different high humidity, it is recommended to choose varieties resistant to cladosporiosis.
For the prevention and localization of the affected area, it is necessary to carry out up to 4 treatments of cucumbers per season Bordeaux mixture(copper oxychloride).
Fusarium wilt
The disease often affects cucumbers grown in a greenhouse.
Symptoms: withering of the upper part of the bush and individual leaves. Rotting of the basal part of the stem is also observed. The pathogen can be transmitted both through seed material and soil, so disinfection in this case is an integral part of prevention.
First aid is regulation of irrigation and control of the temperature of the liquid used. In greenhouses, the ventilation system needs to be improved.
Watery spots on the stem, leaves and even inflorescences indicate gray rot. The disease got its name because of the characteristic color of the plaque on the spots that form. The affected flower dies, so it is important to instantly localize the outbreak, otherwise the crop will be in jeopardy.
Recognized By white coating on green leaves. Later, the foliage begins to hurt, darken and crumble.
Rotting extends to stems and fruits, so you should not hesitate with processing.
In a greenhouse, such a problem arises due to insufficient ventilation, in open ground - due to thickening and neighboring weeds.
To stop the development of rot, it is necessary to spray the beds copper sulphate solution(for 10 liters of water, take 2 g of vitriol and 10 g of urea).
The disease can be fungal or bacterial in origin. The reason for the defeat of cucumbers lies in the lack of disinfection of seeds and soil. Salt soil, a sharp temperature drop can provoke the development of the disease. On the roots, the process of reproduction of microorganisms continues even in dry soil, as long as it is warm.
Symptoms of root rot: wilting of leaves, darkening of the root, destruction of its structure(becomes rotten).
A drug Fitosporin-M also used as preventive treatment, and to localize the affected area.
A viral disease, often transmitted from weeds. Already in seedlings can be found yellowing leaves curling into a tube. On the stem is observed longitudinal cracking.
Planting infected shoots is not worth it, there will be little sense from them, but healthy seedlings will be at risk.
On an adult culture, the mosaic is recognized by its characteristic spots on leaves and fruits. Flowers on infected bushes do not set or fall off.
When the first signs are detected, the affected fragments of the plant should be removed and the bed should be sprayed with preparations: Aktara, Aktellik.
serious fungal disease, affecting not only the tops of the plant, but also the fruits.
At the site of the focus are formed brown spots, which increase in size and change color to a darker one (up to black). Over time, the spotting dries up and disintegrates, as a result of which the sheets become full of holes (as if burnt).
On greens, depressed spots also form over time, plunging into the pulp up to 5 mm. common cause Plant infestations are seeds collected from infected fruits. Therefore, before planting, it is necessary to carry out disinfection, as seed material, as well as soils.
After the discovery of the disease, you need to process the beds Bordeaux mixture, sulfur preparations or Quadris.
The disease affects the cotyledons, leaves and fruits, forming on them watery spots. Over time, they become brown, the leaves dry up and crumble, the fruits become covered with sores.
Protection of cucumbers from diseases
To reduce the risk of developing diseases on cucumbers, it is recommended to follow preventive measures. Among the main ones:
- compliance crop rotation;
- disinfection of seeds (soaking in a solution of potassium permanganate);
- soil disinfection(watering with boiling water, a solution of copper sulfate or potassium permanganate of low concentration);
- sorting seeds before sowing in order to select the healthiest and strongest;
- in the presence of outbreaks of fungal and viral diseases, it is necessary to replace the top layer of soil (especially important for greenhouses);
- timely weed removal that create a favorable environment for the development of harmful microorganisms;
- soil fertilization and the introduction of fertilizing according to the schedule will strengthen the immunity of the culture, make it invulnerable to infections;
- at the end of the season, all plant residues are removed from the garden, it is in them that the larvae and spores of fungi hibernate.
Periodic spraying of beds different means increases the resistance of plants to diseases.
Prevention and treatment with folk remedies
- An infusion of water (1 l) and wood ash (100 gr.) Settles for at least 2 days, after which it is supplemented with laundry soap grated on a fine grater (4 gr.). It will take 2 treatments at intervals of a week. Spray effectively at the first sign of powdery mildew or as a preventive measure.
- Dry plants (nettle, tansy, wormwood) in a total weight of 100 gr. pour 1 liter of boiling water and let it brew for about 2 hours. Strained liquid should be sprayed with cucumbers at intervals of 7-10 days if powdery mildew is suspected.
- With downy mildew, it is recommended to spray with a solution that consists of water (7 l), whey (3 l), vitriol (10 gr.).
- Repel pests and get rid of downy mildew tincture of garlic(30 g of chopped garlic is poured into 1 liter of water and left for a day, after which another 9 liters of water are added).
- In the fight against root rot, a remedy is used that is prepared from the following ingredients: milk (1 l), iodine (30 drops), water (10 l), laundry soap (20 gr.).
- Dusting the soil with wood ash or lime will help to disinfect the bed from harmful microorganisms. It is recommended to carry out the procedures 1 time in 10-14 days.
What drugs to spray to combat diseases
At intensive dissemination diseases, it is recommended to resort to more radical measures of treatment - the use of special preparations (fungicides). Processing and spraying cucumbers with them is only clearly according to the instructions.
Among the popular:
- Phytosporin;
- Kuprosat;
- Ridomil Gold;
- Aktar;
- Quadris and others.
There are a lot of dangers for cucumbers, but most problems can be prevented. preventive measures and timely care.
Experienced gardeners have developed many methods for controlling pests and infections, and are willing to share the most effective recipes.
