How to plant spinach outdoors. How to grow spinach in a summer cottage? How useful is the plant
Spinach is a cold-hardy, fast-growing plant related to beets and chard. Spinach can be planted in either spring or fall, or both spring and fall if you want to harvest twice a year. Spinach has pleasant taste both raw and cooked, and is high in iron, calcium, antioxidants, and essential vitamins such as A, B, and C. Read this step by step instructions you will learn how to properly grow your own harvest spinach.
Steps
Variety selection
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Choose an area that receives full sun. Although spinach prefers a mild climate and will not do well under very high temperature He still loves sunshine. Spinach will grow in the shade, but the crop will not be as impressive and the plant will not be as productive as if it were growing in the sun.
Make sure the soil drains well. Spinach likes soft and humid climate, but it will be bad on soils that are regularly flooded and not drained. If you can't find a suitable spot in your garden, you can make a raised bed or plant your spinach in a pot.
- If you are making a raised bed, use cedar boards as the material if possible. Cedar wood does not rot when exposed to water.
- Because spinach is small plant that won't let go long roots, you do not need a lot of space to grow it.
Grow spinach in cool climates. Spinach is exceptionally hardy and thrives in cold to temperate climates. This plant, which prefers cool conditions, loves temperatures from 1 to 23 ° C.
Choose Savoyard and Semi-Savoy varieties for planting in the fall. The Savoy variety is characterized by dark green wrinkled leaves. This spinach is best planted in the fall because it becomes very brittle in cold weather.
Choose smooth-leaved spinach if you want a quick harvest. Smooth-leafed spinach grows taller, and its leaves are paler than those of Savoy spinach. It grows quickly and easily, making the perfect addition to any summer salad.
Site preparation for planting
spinach care
Thin out plants. Once your spinach sprouts have grown into seedlings, thin them out a bit to prevent space competition between them. You should thin out the plants so that the leaves of neighboring plants are barely touching each other. It is necessary to achieve this spatial balance even if you have to uproot some of the plants.
Spinach is a plant with a number of useful properties. During the year in warm regions, you can collect several crops of green leaves with a high content of trace elements and metals. Novice plant lovers should familiarize themselves with the basic rules for growing and caring for spinach in open ground. This is a simple job, but requires knowledge of the basic steps.
Features and benefits of spinach
In appearance, this plant is similar to sorrel, but there are several differences:
- the foliage of spinach is not long, rounded, with a bumpy surface and more fleshy;
- the taste of the leaves is spicy, the aftertaste is with a slight sourness and bitterness.
According to nutritionists, the benefits of spinach in the content in the leaves of a large amount of fiber and complete vitamin complex. So, vitamin "E" is responsible for rejuvenating the body. High level trace elements (selenium, iodine, folic acid) also has a positive effect on human health. Flavonoids help slow down inflammatory processes, and the merit of vitamin "K" is the normalization of pressure, improvement of heart function and vascular system. Fiber has a beneficial effect on the digestive system.
The undoubted benefits of spinach increase its popularity, but it is also important to know a group of diseases in which an excessive passion for spinach can be harmful.
Spinach consumption should be limited:
- with all types of diseases of the urinary system;
- gout;
- liver diseases;
- rheumatism;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract.
Important! Having the ailments listed above, one should not completely exclude the plant from the diet: oxalic acid carries the main danger, and the remaining components are extremely useful. Therefore, leave spinach on the menu, but in small quantities and take only young leaves, where the acid concentration is lowered.
The best varieties
For growing a plant in open ground, according to gardeners, seeds of seven varieties are best suited. All of them are divided into three groups: early-, mid- and late-ripening.
The most suitable early ripe varieties:
- "Godry" - 14-20 days after planting, you can take the first crop of leaves. The rosette of foliage reaches a diameter of 230 mm;
- Variety "Giant" allows you to grow rosettes of elongated leaves, up to 500 mm in diameter. Even after 14 days, you can collect the first juicy, fleshy leaves.
Mid-season:
- Variety "Matador" is resistant to low temperatures but requires good watering. A medium-sized rosette of foliage has been ready for harvest for 20 days. The leaf is smooth, gray-green in color;
- spinach resistant to frost and early release of arrows - variety "Krepysh".
Late-ripening varieties ideal for planting in the ground: high-yielding Victoria, Spokane and Varyag.
Preparing for landing
In the country for growing crops, it is not necessary to allocate large plot, it is much more important to prepare the soil before planting.
Soil selection
The best option is to plant seeds in the beds where they grew before:
- all types of legumes;
- zucchini;
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes.
Spinach should not be planted in the shade, the best option is a place that is well lit for at least half of the daylight hours in summer and on a slight hill. On a hillock, the soil will warm up faster, and the bushes will develop faster. At the same time, bright sunlight and intense heat are contraindicated for the plant.
According to the composition, loam or sandy loam, saturated with organic fertilizers, with a free flow of air and water, is preferable. It can also be planted on heavy soil. In this case, you will need to add lime, ash and organic matter. When planted on carbonate soils, the plant does not receive sufficient iron nutrition, so its deficiency will have to be replenished.
In general, for strong growth it is important to maintain a normal level of soil acidity. This indicator should be in the range of 6.7-7. At higher acidity, the plant lags behind in development and may disappear. To solve all problems and increase productivity will allow timely application nutrients. To reduce acidity, lime, chalk or dolomite flour should be added.
Fertilization
It is necessary to prepare the soil for planting seeds in the fall. To do this, mineral fertilizers and organics are distributed evenly over the surface and only then dug up. In the spring, before planting, it will be enough to level the bed, and you can sow the seeds in open ground.
If there is insufficient content of chernozem in the soil, it will be necessary to prepare a mixture of mineral fertilizers for 1 m 2 of the bed:
- potassium - 15 g;
- phosphorus - 8 g;
- nitrogen - 10 g.
Important! The leaves of the plant accumulate pesticides, so it is not recommended to apply a large amount of organic fertilizers after planting the seeds.
After planting, you can feed spinach when watering or fertilize the soil after the next harvest, with breaks of 14 days. The best option- industrial fertilizers with a balanced content of humate and trace elements, but when diluted, it is imperative to strictly observe the proportions indicated on the package. Otherwise, the plant will either not get enough nutrition, or the leaves of the plant will dry out due to a burn.
When and how to sow seeds
Spinach is sometimes planted with seedlings, but in this case the plant is sick for a long time - the seedlings quickly catch up with the seedlings in development. Therefore, planting is often carried out with seeds, and seedlings are used as a fallback option during a protracted cold spring. The only condition is to soak the material for several days before work. warm water. After that, the seeds are washed and dried.
Spinach can be planted over the entire surface of the beds or make neat rows. If the cottage has heavy soil, it is better to sow, scattering the seeds in an even layer. If the soil is loose, good germination will be in the rows. In this case, grooves are made to a depth of 25-30 mm with a row spacing of 250-300 mm. Then the seeds are evenly distributed in a row, covered with earth from the sides and the soil is slightly compacted.
Spinach is not afraid of small frosts, so planting can be started already at a temperature of +4 ° C, immediately after the snow melts. This is even recommended as seed germination increases: the earth is saturated with water and the plants get the necessary conditions for growth. Periodically loosening the ground and watering the beds, diligent host receives the first harvest of green foliage in 20-30 days.
Advice! According to experienced gardeners, when planting spinach, it is better to focus on lilac. As soon as the buds hatched on the bushes, you can safely plant the seeds.
You should not sow seeds in summer in extreme heat: such plantings will not bring a good harvest.
- in early spring;
- the best option is in the fall, before the first frost.
IN last case the first shoots will hatch before winter. Spinach is not scary hard frost, especially if it is covered with a layer of snow (if the winter is not snowy, you need to cover the beds with a film). But on the table there will be the first harvest of vitamins in 7-10 days after the beds are cleared of snow.
plant care
For a plant, it is important that the soil in the garden is always loose and moist, good ventilation landings, enough sunlight. Accordingly, the entire spinach care process consists of several stages:
- Thinning and pinching.
- Weeding.
- Top dressing.
- Soil loosening.
As soon as the 2nd true leaf appears in the outlet, it is necessary to thin out the plantings. In this case, it is better to remove male shoots. It is easy to distinguish them: the males first expel the stem, and only then a rosette with sparse leaves develops. On the women's, a strong rosette is immediately tied with big amount foliage. At the first thinning, it is important to maintain a distance between the bushes of 80-90 mm and remove weakened plants. This work prevents early flowering spinach and the direction of energy to flowers at the expense of foliage.
The second thinning is done when the leaves begin to come into contact with neighboring spinach bushes. It is necessary to make gaps of 150 mm. At this time, you can feed the plants industrial means or a solution of fermented manure.
Caring for spinach will require gardeners to remove weeds, water and loosen row spacing. Such care will prevent the early formation of arrows on the bushes and the uniform and rapid development of spinach. To increase the yield of bushes, they can be pinched. To do this, pinch the top row of foliage on adult plants, providing fast development new shoots.
Mulching the soil in the beds allows not only to conserve moisture, but also protects plants from fungal diseases. At the first sign powdery mildew or damage to the leaves of aphids, it is important to treat the plants with fungicides, wash soapy water. To protect spinach from the beet nematode, you should plant the seeds further from the beets.
Memo for beginner gardeners
Spinach is an unpretentious and fast maturing crop, but it is important to follow a few basic rules in order to get excellent harvest succulent leaves:
- the growing season of the plant is up to 60 days, therefore, if you want to get succulent leaves throughout the season, seeds are planted in the spring with an interval of 7-10 days;
- constantly cutting off the old foliage, you increase the vegetation period of the bushes;
- it is better to purchase seed material in proven seed centers; you should not chase after a small cost savings, risking buying expired or low-quality seeds;
- be sure to remove arrows on spinach and thin out bushes, removing weak and male plants if you want to collect several crops.
In conclusion, a few words about the storage of spinach leaves. The vegetable will remain fresh for 8-10 days if it is washed and placed on the refrigerator shelf. are saved useful material and in frozen or dried leaves. Bushes on the windowsill develop well in winter. And yet the most useful and juicy spinach grows in the open field. It is enough to observe simple rules and you will enjoy greenery from early spring to late autumn.
Spinach is a plant that appeared not so long ago on summer cottages. Now it is "fashionable" to grow this garden greens in the beds. There have been many publications about the extraordinary usefulness of spinach for the body. green plant ornate ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, iron, phosphorus, multivitamins, unsaturated fatty acids. The high content of fiber allows you to remove toxins and toxins. No wonder doctors call the plant a "brush". Dark green spinach leaves are rich in chlorophyll, which is compared to blood hemoglobin.
Low-calorie vegetable greens are nutritious and useful for dietary diets and are used in weight loss programs. Doctors recommend the use of spinach greens for almost all people, excluding some categories of patients. Cultivation of spinach in summer cottages, as well as other garden greens: dill, parsley, celery, basil, cilantro, is an exciting activity, and grown greens will enrich the diet with vitamins. Spinach is eaten fresh, boiled, stewed, canned, frozen, dried. Salads, vegetable first courses, sauces are prepared from the leaves of the plant, they are used with meat, in fish dishes, omelettes, and pies.
Soil selection
Cultivation of spinach personal plot presents no particular difficulty. Now appeared big choice varieties of seeds for growing spinach in open ground. Since autumn, they prepare the site: they dig up and lay full complex fertilizers - rotted manure, compost, phosphorus-potassium components. In early spring, urea granules are scattered over the snow. It should be remembered that nitrates linger very well in spinach leaves, so feed nitrogen fertilizers young plants are not recommended.
Spinach responds well to growing in fertile and loose soils. Good permeability of moisture and air through the soil is an essential condition for growing vegetable greens. Loamy soil is most favorable for planting garden culture. heavy soil mix, prone to the formation of an earthen crust is not suitable for plant cultivation. Soil acidity also affects the yield of spinach. The best option- neutral reaction of the earth, slight deviations in one direction or another are allowed.
The best predecessors for planting crops are legumes, cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini. For planting, choose well-lit places. Spinach is also grown in partial shade during hot summers.
Preparing seeds for sowing
Spinach: growing from seeds is the most common way to obtain vitamin products. Seedling method did not receive practical value, spinach roots are very sensitive to any changes and the survival rate of plants is very low.
Spinach seeds are tightly covered with seed coat. Sowing material is kept in water for 1-2 days to improve germination. The water is changed several times. Experienced gardeners recommend soaking spinach seeds in biostimulants: Epin, Zircon, Energen. Then the seeds are dried to a state of flowability.
Sowing seeds in open ground
Experts recommend sowing spinach seeds, focusing on hatched lilac buds. Seeds are buried in grooves spilled with water 1-2 cm and 20 cm between rows. When rosettes of leaves appear, spinach is pulled through.
Spinach has a short growing season. To keep spinach on the table for as long as possible, it should be sown several times per season. It is wonderful to grow spinach during winter sowing. Seeds are planted in the prepared bed in the fall, from September to November. By winter, small rosettes of young plants will form, which will overwinter and in mid-April will delight with strong green leaves.
Spinach is a frost-resistant plant that can withstand temperatures as low as -7-8 degrees. With this method of planting, the seed material does not need to be pre-soaked. Seeds that do not sprout in autumn will hatch in early spring. Hardened and strong, they will quickly grow.
In the spring, spinach is sown in March-April. Harvest of green mass is harvested 20-25 days after germination. You can sow spinach as early as May-June, but in hot and dry weather, spinach leaves will grow stiff and the plant will quickly go to the arrow.
Agrotechnics of cultivation
Spinach care consists in loosening the soil, timely removal of weeds, regular watering and top dressing. Spinach grows ideally at a temperature of 18-25 degrees Celsius. In sunny, dry weather, it shoots easily, the leaves become hard and tasteless.
The plant is demanding for watering. Overdrying of the soil and the formation of an earth crust are not allowed. After rains and watering, careful loosening of the soil and watering with liquid universal fertilizer with humates - Agricola Vegeta to increase productivity, resistance to bolting, lower nitrate content.
Removal of weeds throughout the vegetative growth of spinach - important condition high yield.
in the greenhouse
The agrotechnology of growing spinach in a greenhouse is in many ways similar to growing a crop in open ground. Greenhouse conditions with sufficient lighting and heating make it possible to grow spinach all year round.
The first sowing of seeds is carried out in the fall, the second - in January. After the appearance of a rosette of 3-4 leaves, the soil is loosened, thickened crops are thinned out, leaving a distance between plants of 15-20 cm. Spinach is watered once a week. To avoid fungal diseases, the greenhouse is periodically opened for ventilation.
Fertilizers are fertilized at intervals of two weeks after watering and cutting green leaves. It is better to use universal organic fertilizers with humates and trace elements, such as: Agricola Vegeta, Giant, Ideal. Fertilizers should be diluted and dosed strictly according to the attached instructions.
The early maturity of spinach allows you to collect green mass 25-30 days after planting. Cutting down lower leaves it is possible at the stage of formation of a 6-8 leaf rosette, or by tearing the plant from the root.
On the windowsill
Growing spinach at home makes it possible to get a green product rich in vitamins and minerals right on the windowsill. For this to the bottom flower lawns lay out a layer of drainage from expanded clay, pour fertile soil, consisting of garden soil, peat, sand and humus in the ratio: 2: 1: 1: 1.
Seeds for sowing are soaked as described above and deepened by 1 cm. Watered by spraying and covered with film or glass. After the emergence of shoots, the film is removed.
With insufficient daylight, additional illumination of plants is required. Spinach grows splendidly in hanging planters near the window, located above the radiators. Young plants should be watered periodically, fertilized once every two weeks and sprayed on green leaves. The following varieties are suitable for growing spinach on the windowsill: Victoria, Zhirnolistny, Tarantella, Giant.
- Buy spinach seeds from specialized stores. Check expiration dates seed material. Only high-quality varietal seeds have high germination, are resistant to diseases and guarantee a high yield.
- Spinach does not like acidic soil. Neutralize soil acidity by adding fluffy lime, dolomite flour, chalk.
- Experienced gardeners advise growing spinach on high beds: they warm up faster by the sun, and the presence of sides helps to retain moisture.
- For spring cultivation use early ripe varieties of spinach: Krepysh, Matador, Khorovod. This will ensure an earlier appearance of green vitamins.
- Remove flower arrows that impair the taste of spinach.
- Thickened plantings of spinach are prone to bolting. Thin out the plants, leaving a distance of 15-20 cm between plants.
Thyme or thyme? And maybe thyme or bogorodskaya grass? How right? And it’s right in every way, because under these names the same plant “passes”, more precisely, one genus of plants from the Lamiaceae family. There are many other folk names associated with amazing property This semi-shrub emit a large amount of aromatic substances. Growing thyme and its use in garden design and cooking will be discussed in this article.
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Useful, hardy, unpretentious and easy to grow marigolds are irreplaceable. These letniki have long moved from city flower beds and classic flower beds to original compositions, adorning beds and potted gardens. Marigolds with their easily recognizable yellow-orange-brown colors and even more inimitable aromas today are able to pleasantly surprise with their variety. Firstly, among the marigolds there are both tall and miniature plants.
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Succulents are very versatile. Despite the fact that “kids” have always been considered more fashionable, the assortment of succulents with which you can decorate modern interior, it is worth taking a closer look. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of pricklyness, influence on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article, we will talk about the five most fashionable succulents that surprisingly transform modern interiors.
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It often happens that chemical insecticides, especially those that have been on the market for a long time, cease to act on pests due to the development of resistance (resistance) to the active substance, and then biological preparations can come to the rescue, which, by the way, have a number of advantages. In this article, you will learn how Lepidocid will protect vegetable, berry, ornamental and fruit crops from leaf-eating pests.
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I am a big fan of green crops and what kind of greenery is not planted in my country house.
Over time, I will try to tell about everyone.
And now a little about spinach, about this dietary greens.
Botanical reference
Spinach- annual herbaceous plant from the amaranth family (in the older classification - haze). It forms small rosettes of 6-10 basal leaves and an upright stem.
Depending on the variety, appearance leaves is different - they can be matte and glossy, have varying degrees wrinkling and color - from light green to dark - and even gray-green.
Where is he from
Spinach from ancient persia(Iran). Then from there he came to China, and later was brought by the Moors to Spain.
Spinach appeared in Europe in the 15th century, and for a long time was known as the "Spanish vegetable".
In Russia, they began to cultivate spinach in the middle of the 18th century, but as then, so now widespread he did not receive.
A storehouse of vitamins
And here is and in vain! After all, spinach is one of the most useful green crops and is a storehouse of vitamins and microelements, which are largely preserved in it even after heat treatment.
It is rich in vitamins K, A and B9, manganese, iron and magnesium, it also has a lot of vitamins C, B2, B6 and E, potassium and calcium. Protein is present in significant doses.
And all this speaks not only of the multivitamin value of this vegetable, but also of the presence of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in it.
Italian scientists have come to the conclusion that spinach very effectively improves mood and helps to quickly remember the right things.
And besides being very healthy, this leafy vegetable is also tasty and perfect for making salads, side dishes for meat dishes, soups, omelettes and even pies.
We grow correctly
Spinach is one of the earliest vegetable plants. And, since it is cold-resistant, it is better to sow it as early as possible, around April 15-20, winter crops are also possible.
Seed germination begins already at a temperature of 3-4ºС, and adult plants tolerate frosts even down to minus 4-5ºС. But still optimum temperature for spinach growth - 15-18ºС.
The plant does not tolerate heat well, and at temperatures above 20ºС, some of its varieties can throw out flower arrows.
Spinach prefers fertile loose soils with a neutral reaction, the most suitable areas for it are well fertilized in the previous season with organic fertilizers.
Fresh organic fertilizers (manure, slurry, etc.) should not be applied directly under spinach - they worsen the taste of the leaves and lead to the accumulation of nitrates in them.
spinach needs high humidity soil and is considered one of the most moisture-loving crops, so it needs to be watered almost every day. However, an excess of moisture is also harmful, as it can lead to rotting of sockets.
Sowing and care
In early spring, spinach is sown in greenhouses and greenhouses, and later in open ground. To speed up, you can sow seeds soaked for two to three days.
We sow the seeds in grooves to a depth of 2-2.5 cm, distribute them in a row at a distance of 5-8 cm from each other. The distance between the grooves is 20 cm.
After sowing, lightly tamp the soil, then water it. And after 7-14 days shoots appear. When closing plants, we thin them out so that the remaining plants are at a distance of 15 cm from each other.
Spinach care is something like this: regular watering, weeding and loosening. To reduce the dose of watering and loosen less often and, thereby, make your work easier, you can mulch the soil.
Periodically combine watering with top dressing. Spinach loves it. We feed him complex fertilizers("Kemira", nitrophoska) in combination with nitrogen, for example, urea.
But we will be careful with nitrogen fertilizing - so that nitrates do not accumulate in the leaves. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers I do not advise feeding spinach, as they help accelerate the shooting of plants.
We remove selectively
We remove the spinach selectively, in the phase of 3-4 leaves and in the full phase - 6-7 leaves.
In no case should you be late with cleaning, as overgrown leaves quickly coarsen.
When flower stalks already appear, the leaves should not be eaten.
I hope I have convinced you, dear friends, of the benefits of this vegetable and you will not forget to plant spinach in your home.
See you soon, dear friends!
