Devices for root feeding of garden trees. How and what is fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in spring
Every summer resident cares about health fruit trees And berry bushes rejoicing lush bloom plants in spring and delicious juicy fruits in summer and autumn. The basis for a bountiful garden harvest for the next season is laid in the fall. the main task during this period - feed the plants, saturate them with nutrients to help move the dormant stage and cope with severe winter frosts. Therefore, fertilizing fruit trees in the fall is a very important step in caring for the garden.
During growing season when fruits ripen on trees and shrubs, plants absorb a lot of nutrients. First of all, we are talking about nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and other trace elements. The introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers replenishes the balance of chemical elements, and also improves soil structure and creates favorable conditions for the development of beneficial soil microflora.
What fertilizers are used for autumn garden feeding?
The choice of fertilizer depends on the preferences of the gardener. For example, fans of biological farming try not to use mineral fertilizers on the site, believing that traditional organic matter can completely eliminate soil imbalance and restore the optimal content of trace elements in the soil.
- Phosphoric. They contribute to the strengthening of the root system, as well as the accumulation of protein compounds and sugary substances in tree sap.
- Potash. They increase the frost resistance of all crops, lead to the removal of excess fluid from plant tissues.
- Wood ash or plant ash. It structures the soil, prevents acidification of the soil, enriches the soil mixture with all the necessary microelements.
- Organic. Raise percentage humus in the soil, improve the moisture and air permeability of the soil, prevent soil mineralization, increase productivity.
As you can see, there are no nitrogen supplements among the list of fertilizer formulations. The fact is that after the middle of summer, nitrogen compounds are not introduced into the soil. This is due to the fact that this chemical element activates the growth of green mass and stimulates the growth of trees and bushes. And, starting from August, plants that have finished and are ending fruiting are preparing for a dormant period, and such an activation of vitality is simply contraindicated for them.
Mineral autumn top dressing
We will analyze in detail how correctly and in what quantities each of the top dressings is applied.
Phosphate fertilizers
To enrich the soil with phosphorus, superphosphate or double superphosphate. The difference between these compounds is only in the concentration of the main active element. Granulated or powdered mineral fat has proven itself in practice, both in small summer cottages as well as in large gardens.
All gardeners should be aware that phosphorus is an inactive substance and hardly soluble in water. Therefore, surface fertilizer (scattering the composition on the surface of the earth in the hope that water will deliver it to the deeper layers) is ineffective, or, more simply, completely useless. Superphosphate is required to be embedded deep into the ground at the locations of the suction root processes.
Plowing into the root layer of the soil of phosphorus fertilizers is recommended to a depth of 10 to 15 cm for trees and from 7 to 10 cm for berries.
In addition, fertilizer is not applied at the very trunks of trees or at the base of the shrub, since the suction roots are located along the periphery of the near-stem circle.
It is best to add superphosphate to holes dug according to the projection of the tree crown around the trunk. The depth of the pits is up to 30 cm (shovel bayonet). One handful of fertilizer is poured into each hole, filled with water and buried.
Ordinary superphosphate (monophosphate) close up at the rate of 45-50 g/sq. meter, granulated superphosphate - 35-40 g / sq. meter, double superphosphate - 25-30 g / sq. meter.The exact fertilizer rates for each crop, depending on the type and age, are given in the instructions on the package.
potash fertilizers
Potassium sulphate is considered better than potash top dressing, since it does not contain harmful chlorine. The rate of embedding for digging is from 5 to 10 gr/sq. meter. Simultaneous incorporation of phosphorus and potassium compounds is preferable to mono-application of each fertilizer, since in this case phosphorus is better assimilated in the soil complex.
A cheaper option is to use potassium chloride. So that chlorine does not damage the roots, this fertilizer is applied as early as possible, so that before winter harmful substance washed out by irrigation water and autumn precipitation into the deep layers of the soil.
Potassium magnesia is another fertilizer composition containing, in addition to potassium, such needed by the trees and shrubs magnesium. It is desirable to use this fertilizer in the form of an aqueous solution, watering the tree trunks and the ground under the bushes. Please note that the need of plants for magnesium increases in light sandy soils.
Combined fertilizers
Complex potassium-phosphorus top dressings, which are used according to the instructions, have proven themselves well. There are many autumn fertilizers on sale, both mineral and organomineral, not containing nitrogen compounds. The attached instructions allow you to calculate the application rates for each crop with an accuracy of several grams.
There are specialized fertilizers for fruit trees, for berry crops, for the entire garden marked "autumn". For example, "Prolific", "Orchard", "Autumn for the garden", "Universal", etc., which allow your plants to overwinter and gain strength for the next season, and also double their survival rate.
Such fertilizers are applied to the near-trunk circles of young seedlings, and in a mature garden they are planted not only in them, but also they process the aisles of trees and bushes or close up according to the projection of the crowns.
Vegetable ash for autumn feeding
Autumn top dressing of fruit trees and shrubs in autumn can be carried out with vegetable ash. Ashes practically do not contain nitrogen compounds, as well as chlorine, which is dangerous for some crops.
Ash is considered a natural source of phosphorus and potassium, the concentration of which varies from the original burned material. In addition, it contains magnesium, iron, calcium, fluorine, boron, iodine and all other components necessary for the life of plants. Many gardeners successfully replace potassium-phosphorus mineral fertilizers with ash.
The only negative in the use of ashes is the need for large quantities of it. But diligent hosts, burning plant residues from the beginning of spring to the end of summer (sawn trunks, branches after pruning, tops vegetable crops, leaf litter, straw, etc.) and saving it in paper bags in the shed are always provided with ash in the right amount.
Ash application rates in the garden: ½-1 bucket for each mature plant. Throughout the summer, it is recommended to scatter the ashes in the near-trunk circles, and in the fall to plow into the soil when digging the berry and garden.
Organic fall fertilizer
Fresh manure of farm animals under fruit trees and shrubs are not used, since this remedy contains high doses of ammonia, which can significantly damage (burn) the roots.
For a garden, the best organic matter is:
- Ripe compost (the so-called "black gold").
- Peat or peat-dung compost.
- Humus (composted or completely rotted mullein).
- Dry cow and bird excrement.
- Biohumus. Biohumus granules are added according to the instructions on the package.
Under each plant bring from 1 to 5 buckets organic fertilizers depending on age. Embedding is carried out during digging, trying to carefully enrich the earth with a nutrient substrate through deep plowing. Complex autumn fertilizing of horticultural crops
According to reviews experienced gardeners, the best top dressing for a garden, a combination of organic and mineral fertilizers is considered. Exactly complex top dressing ensures the assimilation of all nutrient components in the soil and their transformation into easily accessible forms for absorbing roots.
- Apple trees and pears. Under trees up to 8 years old, 10 kg of humus or compost is taken, from 8 to 10 years old - 30 kg, and over 10 years old - 50 kg. The nutrient substrate is enriched with 0.3 kg of superphosphate and 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate. Fertilizer is plowed deep into the near-trunk circles and in the projection of the crown by digging.
- Berry bushes (raspberries, gooseberries, currants). Under each bush, take 15 kg of humus or compost, add 60 g of superphosphate and 40 g of potassium salt. The nutrient mixture is closed up in ditches (depth about 20 cm), dug at a distance of about 0.3 m from the plant in a circle or between rows.
- Plum and cherry. Scatter dry bird droppings or cow dung in an even layer, close up in tree trunks or the ground under the bushes with a shovel. After a few days, water with a nutrient solution. On mature tree take 40 liters of water, dissolve 10 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate and 8 tbsp. spoons of potassium sulfate. The resulting liquid is spilled trunk circle at the beginning of autumn. Fertilizer consumption for young trees from 3 to 5 years - 2 buckets of composition.
When to fertilize the garden in the fall?
In order for all plants to prepare for winter and retire “full”, the fertilization event should be planned as early as possible.
After top dressing, it is recommended that all near-stem circles be insulated with compost. "Black gold", laid out in a layer of 5-6 cm, will not only protect the roots from freezing, but also enrich the soil with the necessary nutrition as it decomposes. It is not necessary to remove the mulch layer, it is enough to dig it along with the ground in early spring(after the snow melts and the soil warms up).
Intensive development of the root system of trees and perennial shrubs takes place at the end of September. A sufficient amount of moisture and the whole range of nutrients provides plants vitality and allows them to qualitatively prepare for wintering.
Autumn is the most auspicious time for fertilizer perennials. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this event. Enriching the land with nutrients is not only a guarantee of the future harvest, but also serious help in increasing the resistance of all crops to diseases and pests. Have excellent harvests in the garden every season!
Our grandmothers, growing strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reduce crop losses. Some might say it's troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case pay off handsomely. In this article, we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.
Succulents are very versatile. Despite the fact that “kids” have always been considered more fashionable, the assortment of succulents with which you can decorate modern interior, it is worth taking a closer look. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of pricklyness, influence on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article, we will talk about the five most fashionable succulents that surprisingly transform modern interiors.
Mint was used by the Egyptians as far back as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils with high volatility. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article, we will look at the most interesting varieties mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in the open field.
People began to grow crocuses 500 years before the advent of our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the heralds of spring next year. Crocuses are one of the most early primroses, whose flowering begins as soon as the snow melts. However, the timing of flowering may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article focuses on the earliest varieties of crocuses that bloom in late March and early April.
Shchi from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, fragrant and easy to prepare. In this recipe, you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. early cabbage it cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as the rest of the vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup is tastier than freshly cooked.
Looking at the variety of varieties of tomatoes, it is difficult not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners he is annoying sometimes! However, it is not so difficult to understand the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself”. The main thing is to understand the peculiarities of culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest tomato groups to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been appreciated by those gardeners who do not have much time and energy to care for the beds.
Once very popular under the name of room nettle, and then forgotten by everyone, coleuses today are one of the brightest garden and indoor plants. They are not in vain considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are looking primarily for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding to suit everyone, coleus require constant control. But if you take care of them, bushes of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.
Salmon backbone baked in Provence herbs is a “supplier” of delicious pieces of fish pulp for a light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. Mushrooms are lightly fried in olive oil, and then poured with apple cider vinegar. Such mushrooms are tastier than ordinary pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Cheremsha and fresh dill coexist perfectly in one salad, emphasizing the flavor of each other. Garlic sharpness of wild garlic will saturate both salmon flesh and mushroom pieces.
Conifer tree or a shrub on the site is always great, and a lot of conifers is even better. emerald needles various shades decorates the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils, secreted by plants, not only flavor, but also make the air cleaner. Generally, most zoned adults coniferous plants, are considered very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require competent care and attention.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics in the shade flowering trees have long been essential attribute meeting of spring in the country rising sun. The financial and academic year here begins on April 1, when magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain types can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
It is very interesting for me to analyze how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and traded lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century BC. e. about 6 varieties of quince were known and even then the methods of its reproduction and cultivation were described.
Make your family happy and make themed Easter egg-shaped cottage cheese cookies! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - they will sift the flour, combine everything necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration as the pieces of dough turn into real ones. Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read in our step by step recipe!
There are not so many decorative and deciduous favorites among tuberous crops. And the caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of the interiors. Not everyone can decide to start a Caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all - to care. But still, the rumors about the unusual capriciousness of the Caladium never justify. Attention and care allow you to avoid any difficulties when growing caladiums. And a plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.
We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it will suit every side dish: vegetables, pasta, and anything. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can make this ahead of time to keep it hot), add gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.
Among the many different varieties of these most popular vegetables, we will talk about three that are distinguished by excellent taste and relatively unpretentious conditions cultivation. Characteristics of eggplant varieties "Diamond", "Black Handsome" and "Valentina". All eggplants have a medium density pulp. In "Almaz" it is greenish, and in the other two it is yellowish-white. They are united by good germination and excellent yield, but in different time. Everyone's skin color and shape is different.
fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in spring will provide you good harvest, find out which drugs are better to choose and how to feed. This is because at the beginning of a period of intensive growth, any plant simply needs a supply nutrients. In its absence, it will not be able to develop normally, as well as bear fruit abundantly.
spring fruit bushes and trees need nitrogen. It contributes to the active growth of new leaf plates, flowers and fruits, and is also directly involved in the development of relatively powerful roots. Fertilizers containing nitrogen contribute not only to an increase in the number of fruits, but also to improve their quality.
Fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in spring includes the need to add the following substances: magnesium, iron, boron, copper, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, cobalt, manganese. Top dressing can be done in 2 ways:
- Use organic fertilizers - they are all natural, such as compost, bird droppings, manure, etc.
- Use complex mineral fertilizers - they are created by man at chemical enterprises. In their manufacture, special features are taken into account certain types plants in a given period.
The first top dressing of horticultural crops in spring
The very first top dressing of horticultural crops is recommended to be done at the beginning spring period. The descent of the entire snow cover should not be expected, but the soil should thaw slightly. You can feed the plants at this time with mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate). Fertilizer should be sprinkled directly on the surface of the snow cover around the trunks of shrubs and trees. In the process of snow melting, the necessary nutrients will reach the root system of plants.
Proper feeding fruit trees and shrubs in the spring eliminates overfeeding the plant with nitrogen. The fact is that his green mass will begin to actively develop, but the yield will deteriorate sharply. In this regard, a young plant needs no more than 40 grams, and an adult - 100 grams of such a fertilizer.
Organic fertilizers can be applied to completely thawed soil. To prepare them, dissolve 1.5 liters of manure, 0.3 liters of urea and 4 liters of manure in 10 liters of water. One bush will require approximately 4 liters of nutrient mixture.
The second top dressing of horticultural crops in the spring
Horticultural crops during flowering and intensive growth need phosphorus and potassium. Potassium promotes the growth of young shoots, increases the amount of sugar in fruits, increases resistance to diseases and pests. Phosphorus makes roots more powerful.
Experts advise adding these substances to the soil separately, and not together. First - 60 g of "Superphosphate" (contains phosphorus) per 1 adult tree, and after a while - potassium magnesia, ash, potassium salt or potassium sulfate (contain potassium) 20 g per 1 tree.
The third and fourth top dressing of horticultural crops in the spring
Mandatory top dressing is required at the end of flowering. At this time, gardeners use organic fertilizers, and in particular compost. It is dissolved in water, and then poured into the root zone of a tree or shrub.
During fruit set, fertilizing with organic fertilizer is also necessary (for example: compost, mullein or biohumus). You can buy a specialized mineral mixture in which nitrogen is contained in a minimal amount. Mix top dressing with mulch or embed in the ground.
How to fertilize garden trees and shrubs, interesting tips gardeners.
feeding horticultural crops V spring time you need to remember:
- after applying dry fertilizer to the soil, relatively plentiful watering is needed;
- so as not to get burns on the root system, liquid fertilizer do not apply to dry soil;
- 1 year after disembarkation of any garden plant fertilizers are not applied to the soil;
- it is recommended to feed in the evening;
- when fertilizing a plant, you need to remember that the roots of an adult tree extend beyond its roots by about half a meter.
What preparations fertilize fruit trees in the spring season:
Fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in spring no doubt it will provide you with the results that you expected when laying the garden, but remember that everything is good in moderation, so do not overdo it, follow our advice, and everything will definitely work out for you, on this we say goodbye to you, all the best and see you again !
In order for the trees to develop well, and the fruits to be large and ripen, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil and regularly apply fertilizers. It is important to choose the right top dressing at the beginning of the growing season, as it contributes to the formation of flowers and fruit buds, and as a result will affect the yield.
Most optimal timing for fertilization - 15-20 days before the start of the flowering period, or immediately after it ends. Special attention you need to pay attention to the condition of the soil in your garden. As you know, sandy soil contains little potassium and nitrogen, and in fertile chernozem it is enough.
It is important to know the acidity of the soil. At high rates, plants develop poorly, and their growth slows down. We should not forget about the abundant watering of the garden, since the tree absorbs all the nutrients only in dissolved form. There are two types of top dressing in the spring:
- soil;
- foliar.
Soil or root top dressing of trees
When soil fertilizing, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied to the near-stem circle, then the soil should be loosened or dug to a shallow depth (5-10 cm). From organic matter, you can use: manure, compost, bird droppings, green manure infusion. From mineral fertilizers, phosphates and nitrates rich in nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are suitable.
Wood ash contains potassium and the whole set of trace elements, so there is no need to separately introduce these components into the soil. Top dressing using ash can be carried out throughout the season.
Manure and compost are laid out in an even layer around the entire perimeter of the trunk circle at the rate of 1 bucket - for 1 square meter, and slightly dig. The soil must be abundantly moistened.
How to feed pome
The following mixture of mineral fertilizers is well suited for feeding pome plants:
- potassium sulfate - 0.8 kg;
- superphosphate - 1 kg;
- urea - 0.5 kg (can be replaced with slurry 10 l, or bird droppings 5 shovels);
- water - 200 l.
All components are thoroughly mixed. If organic matter is used, let it brew for 10-15 days. The consumption rate is 40-50 liters of infusion for one adult tree.
Stone fruit nutrition
To feed stone fruit crops, the following are introduced into the near-trunk circle:
- 15-20 gr. urea;
- 200 gr. wood ash or 20 gr. potassium chloride;
- 25-30 gr. superphosphate;
- 10 kg of organic fertilizers (manure, compost, humus) per 1 m2.
The earth is slightly dug up and watered abundantly.
Foliar or surface top dressing
When using this type of top dressing, the leaves and branches of trees are sprayed with a nutrient solution. Processing must be carried out in the morning or evening hours, so that the fertilizer is better absorbed by the plants, and the leaves do not get burned.
the first foliar top dressing can be carried out with a solution of urea immediately after the snow melts. This will help delay flowering by 1-2 weeks (needed to protect against frost when you know it's coming). For different fruit crops the following dosages are suitable:
- apple tree - 0.3% solution;
- pear - 0.2%;
- stone fruits - 0.6%.
You should spend up to 4 liters of solution per adult tree. Can add blue vitriol for the prevention of fungal diseases.
Harvested, warm ends summer days. It's time to start processing fruits and vegetables, storing them. It will take a maximum of a week, and then back to the garden to help fruit trees and shrubs prepare for winter.
Feeding fruit trees in the fall is an important step garden work, because trees grow in one place for many years and annually take nutrients from the soil, the lack of which can affect productivity, immunity and appearance plants.
Fall events are underway after fruiting after 2 weeks, when the movement of juices stops and you can at the same time carry out sanitary pruning, pest control, whitewashing or wrapping orchard for the winter.
What fertilizer to use
Inveterate gardeners do not waste anything, so fertilizers for fruit trees and shrubs in the fall can be found here - on the site.
This is a useful organic matter that does not allow the earth to deplete. Unused fruits rot right under the trees, being food for soil bacteria that create humus, the main substance, the amount of which affects the fertility of the soil.
Unfortunately, such autumn fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden are not enough. So that the trees do not get sick, they must be provided with a full range of nutrients: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Potassium-phosphorus autumn top dressing in the garden - this is good, but you need to be more careful with nitrogen.
organic fertilizers
The possibility of increasing the thickness of the fertile layer gives autumn top dressing of fruit trees organic matter. How does this happen:
- Nutrients enter the soil, where soil bacteria and earthworms begin to eat them.
- Due to rains, unprocessed residues sink to the lower layers. Accordingly, microorganisms move for food deep into the soil, where they leave the products of their vital activity.
The more organic matter in the soil, the better it holds moisture and the more nutritious it is for plants. What to use and how to fertilize fruit trees in the fall:
- wood ash;
- manure, humus;
- chicken manure;
- compost;
- green manure.
Wood ash is considered autumn fertilizer for fruit trees and bushes. It has no nitrogen, only potassium, phosphorus and calcium. This is all that fruit trees are fed in August-September. In addition to the main nutrients, plant residues contain microdoses of substances that affect the plant's immunity: boron, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and others.
In order to stock up on a sufficient amount of ash, it is necessary to collect it after burning leaves, branches, unnecessary bark and store it in a dry place, closed from moisture.
In order to properly apply the ash fertilizer and ensure the assimilation by the trees, you must first water the soil. But autumn watering is not 2 - 3 buckets. Depending on the age of the tree and the size of its crown, it may take 200 - 250 liters of water for each. So that the water is well absorbed and does not spill over the site, the soil around the trunk is dug up.
At the same time they bring in ash - 200 g per square meter. This is followed by abundant watering and mulching, which reduces evaporation and warms the roots of the trees. Especially useful for autumn top dressing of young, newly transplanted plants.
Fertilizing fruit trees in autumn is carried out with rotted manure. Fresh is not used in any autumn period, nor in the spring. It contains a lot of active ammonia, which in a matter of days will damage the roots of trees, and destroy seedlings. In the garden, one or two years old manure is used.
It is not recommended to keep it longer, as the substance loses its beneficial features. Manure is evenly distributed over the trunk circle and dug to a depth of 30 cm, then watered big amount water, as already described. About 6 kg of manure is needed per square meter.
With chicken manure, which has lain for at least a year, they do the same. You can make a solution: pour a third of a bucket of litter with water and leave for a week. Dig up the trunk circle, pour out the solution and pour water on top. Bird droppings are more nutritious so enough 3 - 4 kg per square meter.
Recently, manure has been replaced with green manure. In terms of nutritional value, they are in no way inferior to animal organics, but much easier and cheaper to use. The plant remains contain full complex nutrients: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.
Video: How to feed fruit trees in the fall
Nitrogen in green manure until complete dissolution and decay is not available to plants, therefore it is safe in autumn time. Siderates are handled as follows:
- They are cut off from the garden and transferred under fruit trees.
- Dig with soil and water. From above, to accelerate decay, you can lay a mulch of leaves or straw.
You can sow several types of green manure plants directly under the trees and do not cut them for the winter. In the cold season, the plants will die and by spring they will be partially decomposed by soil microorganisms. The layer of green manure must be at least 15 cm.
If the farm has a compost heap and the gardener practices composting, this is the safest and most reliable way than to feed fruit trees and shrubs in the fall. Compost ripening takes a long time - a year or a half. Consists of a mixture of animal and plant residues, kitchen waste, garden soil. After maturation, the mixture has a rich black color with a smell of earth.
next two years you can either not feed the plants at all, or use mineral mixtures, which will be discussed in the next section.
Mineral mixtures for feeding the garden in autumn
How to feed trees and shrubs in the fall, so as not to harm: you must follow the same principle by which organic matter is used. Do not use mineral nitrogen. It dissolves quickly and is absorbed by plants, unlike organic.
The most popular are:
- superphosphate to support the root system and strengthen it - 50 g per square meter;
- potassium sulfate or potassium sulfate - 40 g per square;
- potassium chloride;
- phosphate rock.
Usually gardeners simply scatter the granules on the ground and water. Phosphorus is inactive in the soil, so it does not move to the lower layers in winter. Superphosphates are added with potash fertilizers, since these elements interact well and are more effective in pairs than separately.
You can choose mixtures for fertilizing trees in autumn at a garden store. There are special "autumn" mixtures, where nitrogen is either completely absent or present in minimal concentrations. The proportions of substances are given in the instructions.
In autumn, you can use potassium chloride, which not all plants like. But within winter period active chlorine is weathered and neutralized. In the spring, such fertilizers are not used, since chlorine inhibits the vegetative organs, resulting in a delay in growth and flowering.
Once every 3-4 years you can use phosphate rock, which is considered a long-acting autumn fertilizer for the garden. Minerals need time and soil acids to dissolve, so autumn top dressing is preferable.
In the next 3 years it will be necessary to use only potash and nitrogen fertilizers in the spring, not counting organic matter. Before making phosphorite flour, it is impossible to lime the soil, because phosphorus does not dissolve in an alkaline environment, and plants will develop poorly and bear fruit worse.
Foliar top dressing of trees in autumn
Copper sulfate, which is used to process and feed trees at the same time in the fall, is a generally recognized tool for pest control and maintaining plant immunity. The main trace element is copper. In autumn, more concentrated solutions are used to spray plants in the garden. In the spring, you need to have time to process the garden before the buds open, that is, until the movement of juices begins.
Ferrous vitriol is used for spraying and fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in autumn. It effectively destroys spores of the fungus, as well as moss and lichens on the bark. This drug does not protect against bacterial infection. When working with toxic substances, wear protective equipment and goggles.
